<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nS rostouc\u00ed popt\u00e1vkou po stravov\u00e1n\u00ed mimo domov a j\u00eddle k sebr\u00e1n\u00ed v d\u016fsledku st\u00e1rnut\u00ed populace a n\u00e1r\u016fstu po\u010dtu pracuj\u00edc\u00edch rodin, stejn\u011b jako s n\u00e1r\u016fstem dovozu potravin v d\u016fsledku globalizace stravov\u00e1n\u00ed, se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee po\u010det p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f otravy j\u00eddlem a po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed se stabilizoval. V\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto otrav j\u00eddlem se vyskytuje v restaurac\u00edch nebo obchodech s ob\u011bdy a cateringem, ale s roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm distribuce se otravy j\u00eddlem st\u00e1vaj\u00ed snadn\u011bji \u0161\u00ed\u0159iteln\u00fdmi. Aby se t\u011bmto trend\u016fm \u010delilo a sn\u00ed\u017eil po\u010det otrav j\u00eddlem, byl v \u010dervnu 2018 (rok 30 Heisei, 2018 v gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159i) zve\u0159ejn\u011bn z\u00e1kon o \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 novele Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o potravinov\u00e9 hygien\u011b, kter\u00fd vstoupil v platnost v \u010dervnu 2020 (rok 2 Reiwa, 2020 v gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159i). Tato novela zahrnuje sedm hlavn\u00edch zm\u011bn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. Pos\u00edlen\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm nebo \u0161irokoplo\u0161n\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpad\u016fm otravy j\u00eddlem<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V reakci na p\u0159\u00edpady otravy j\u00eddlem bakteri\u00ed E. coli O-157, kter\u00e9 se v roce 2017 (rok 29 Heisei, 2017 v gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159i) vyskytly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v regionu Kanto, byla z\u0159\u00edzena nov\u00e1 “Rada pro \u0161irokoplo\u0161nou spolupr\u00e1ci” za \u00fa\u010delem prevence vzniku a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch nebo \u0161irokoplo\u0161n\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f otravy j\u00eddlem, a to prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce a koordinace mezi vl\u00e1dou a prefekturami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. Institucionalizace “hygienick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed podle HACCP”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
HACCP je syst\u00e9m hygienick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje bezpe\u010dnost potravin. Stal se mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm standardem, proto\u017ee pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159edch\u00e1zet potravinov\u00fdm nehod\u00e1m a rychle identifikovat p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, pokud k nim dojde. V Japonsku v\u0161ak dosud nebylo zaveden\u00ed tohoto syst\u00e9mu dostate\u010dn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na mezi mal\u00fdmi a st\u0159edn\u00edmi podniky, a proto bylo rozhodnuto o jeho institucionalizaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve v\u0161eobecnosti se od v\u0161ech podnik\u016f v oblasti potravin a podobn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f vy\u017eaduje, aby krom\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho hygienick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bly tak\u00e9 hygienick\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed podle HACCP. Mal\u00e9 podniky s m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 50 zam\u011bstnanci v\u0161ak mohou postupovat podle zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu, kter\u00fd je uveden v p\u0159\u00edru\u010dce zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Povinn\u00e9 hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed “informac\u00ed o zdravotn\u00edch \u0161kod\u00e1ch zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi potravinami”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pokud dojde k zdravotn\u00edm \u0161kod\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 se podez\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed z souvislosti s potravinami obsahuj\u00edc\u00edmi slo\u017eky vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost, jak stanov\u00ed ministr zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed, podnikatel\u00e9 jsou nyn\u00ed povinni tuto informaci nahl\u00e1sit spr\u00e1vn\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016fm. C\u00edlem je spr\u00e1vn\u011b informovat o rizic\u00edch zdravotn\u00edch \u0161kod, kter\u00e9 mohou nastat p\u0159i konzumaci, a zabr\u00e1nit dal\u0161\u00edmu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed \u0161kod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4. Zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu “pozitivn\u00edho seznamu” pro “n\u00e1dob\u00ed a obaly na potraviny”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dosud bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat n\u00e1dob\u00ed a obaly na potraviny, pokud neobsahovaly l\u00e1tky, jejich\u017e pou\u017eit\u00ed bylo omezeno, co\u017e se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 “syst\u00e9m negativn\u00edho seznamu”. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, v r\u00e1mci t\u00e9to novely byl syst\u00e9m zm\u011bn\u011bn na “syst\u00e9m pozitivn\u00edho seznamu”, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017eit\u00ed pouze l\u00e1tek, jejich\u017e bezpe\u010dnost byla hodnocena. V oblasti potravinov\u00e9 hygieny je t\u0159eba br\u00e1t v \u00favahu nejen potraviny, ale tak\u00e9 n\u00e1dob\u00ed a obaly pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b a prodeji potravin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5. Revize “syst\u00e9mu povolen\u00ed k podnik\u00e1n\u00ed” a zaveden\u00ed “syst\u00e9mu ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o podnik\u00e1n\u00ed”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V souvislosti s institucionalizac\u00ed hygienick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed podle HACCP se nyn\u00ed vy\u017eaduje, aby i podnikatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed dosud nepot\u0159ebovali povolen\u00ed k podnik\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad ti, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli syst\u00e9m povolen\u00ed zaveden\u00fd samostatn\u011b na \u00farovni m\u00edstn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vy), pod\u00e1vali ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o podnik\u00e1n\u00ed nebo z\u00edskali povolen\u00ed. D\u00edky tomu mohou prefektury l\u00e9pe sledovat, jak\u00e9 potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 podniky se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v jejich oblasti, a mohou \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bji prov\u00e1d\u011bt hygienick\u00e9 kontroly a pokyny pro podnikatele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6. Povinn\u00e9 hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed “informac\u00ed o dobrovoln\u00e9m sta\u017een\u00ed (recall) potravin” spr\u00e1vn\u00edm org\u00e1n\u016fm<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Aby se zabr\u00e1nilo dal\u0161\u00edmu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zdravotn\u00edch \u0161kod zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch potravinami a zv\u00fd\u0161ila transparentnost informac\u00ed o recallu, byl zaveden syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje, aby podnikatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed nebo dov\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed potraviny, nahl\u00e1sili recall t\u011bchto potravin vl\u00e1d\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm m\u00edstn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vy. Hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 informace jsou zve\u0159ejn\u011bny na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed, tak\u017ee spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 mohou snadno zjistit, kter\u00e9 produkty jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem recallu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7. Zlep\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed pro “dovoz a v\u00fdvoz” potravin<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Aby se zajistila bezpe\u010dnost dov\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch potravin, bylo stanoveno, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ilo\u017eit hygienick\u00e9 osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na HACCP pro dov\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 maso a hygienick\u00e9 osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed pro ml\u00e9ko, ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky a mo\u0159sk\u00e9 plody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Co se t\u00fd\u010de administrativn\u00edch postup\u016f pro vyd\u00e1n\u00ed hygienick\u00fdch osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed pro v\u00fdvoz potravin, bylo stanoveno, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st tyto postupky na \u00farovni vl\u00e1dy a m\u00edstn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vy, aby se prok\u00e1zalo spln\u011bn\u00ed hygienick\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f zem\u011b dovozu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Shrnut\u00ed <\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nV tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku jsme nemohli zm\u00ednit, ale “Z\u00e1kon o ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin”, kter\u00fd sjednocuje povinnosti ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin stanoven\u00e9 v “Z\u00e1kon\u011b o potravinov\u00e9 hygien\u011b”, “Z\u00e1kon\u011b o standardizaci a spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch a lesnick\u00fdch produkt\u016f (Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o JAS)” a “Z\u00e1kon\u011b o podpo\u0159e zdrav\u00ed”, byl zaveden pro ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin p\u0159i prodeji potravin. V\u00fdrobci, zpracovatel\u00e9, dovozci nebo prodejci potravin mus\u00ed dodr\u017eovat tento z\u00e1kon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nPr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolis je odborn\u00edkem na IT, zejm\u00e9na na internet a pr\u00e1vo. V posledn\u00edch letech se st\u00e1le v\u00edce zvy\u0161uje pot\u0159eba pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kontroly kolem internetov\u00e9ho nakupov\u00e1n\u00ed. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 analyzuje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed rizika souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s ji\u017e zah\u00e1jen\u00fdmi nebo pl\u00e1novan\u00fdmi podnikatelsk\u00fdmi aktivitami na z\u00e1klad\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f a usiluje o jejich legalizaci bez zastaven\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9. Podrobnosti jsou uvedeny v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\npractices\/corporate<\/div>\n<\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Internetov\u00e9 nakupov\u00e1n\u00ed se nyn\u00ed stalo b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161eho \u017eivota. Kdokoli m\u016f\u017ee snadno zalo\u017eit internetov\u00fd obchod, ale provozov\u00e1n\u00ed internetov\u00e9ho obchodu je spojeno s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi z\u00e1kony. Jak\u00e9 z\u00e1kony se te […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":62441,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,28],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60931"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60931"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60931\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":62518,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60931\/revisions\/62518"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62441"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60931"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60931"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}