{"id":60949,"date":"2023-12-08T20:23:35","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:23:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=60949"},"modified":"2024-01-29T15:49:08","modified_gmt":"2024-01-29T06:49:08","slug":"categories-of-cyber-crime","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime","title":{"rendered":"Co jsou t\u0159i kategorie kybernetick\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti? Advok\u00e1t vysv\u011btluje opat\u0159en\u00ed proti \u0161kod\u00e1m pro ka\u017ed\u00fd vzorec"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>&#8220;Kybernetick\u00fd zlo\u010din&#8221; je term\u00edn, kter\u00fd je ji\u017e do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd i v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di, ale mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b je definov\u00e1n jako &#8220;zlo\u010din zneu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou a telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed technologii&#8221;. Takzvan\u00e9 &#8220;hackov\u00e1n\u00ed (cracking)&#8221; a dal\u0161\u00ed formy kybernetick\u00e9ho zlo\u010dinu mohou postihnout i firmy jako ob\u011bti. Je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit, jak\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed je t\u0159eba podniknout v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee dojde k takov\u00e9 \u0161kod\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku rozd\u011bl\u00edme kybernetick\u00fd zlo\u010din do t\u0159\u00ed obecn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch kategori\u00ed v Japonsku a vysv\u011btl\u00edme, jak\u00e9 zlo\u010diny do nich spadaj\u00ed a jak\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed existuj\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se stanete ob\u011bt\u00ed. D\u016fvod, pro\u010d je toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, je ten, \u017ee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Pokud se nem\u016f\u017eeme pova\u017eovat za &#8220;ob\u011b\u0165&#8221; v pr\u00e1vn\u00edm smyslu, m\u016f\u017eeme sice &#8220;nahl\u00e1sit&#8221; zlo\u010din, ale je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 povzbudit policii k vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o \u0161kod\u011b nebo trestn\u00edho ozn\u00e1men\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zlo\u010din\u016f, kde existuj\u00ed civiln\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, nemus\u00edme se spol\u00e9hat na policejn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u016f\u017eeme po\u017e\u00e1dat pr\u00e1vn\u00edka, aby identifikoval pachatele civiln\u00edmi prost\u0159edky a podal \u017ealobu na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody proti pachateli.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud jde o zlo\u010diny, kde se st\u00e1v\u00e1me ob\u011bt\u00ed a neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 civiln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, budeme muset povzbudit policii k vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, &#8220;opat\u0159en\u00ed&#8221; se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na typu zlo\u010dinu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Tri_kategorie_kyberneticke_kriminality\" title=\"T\u0159i kategorie kybernetick\u00e9 kriminality\">T\u0159i kategorie kybernetick\u00e9 kriminality<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Co_je_to_pocitacova_kriminalita\" title=\"Co je to po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 kriminalita\">Co je to po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 kriminalita<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Co_je_trestny_cin_poskozeni_elektronickeho_pocitace_a_naruseni_jeho_provozu\" title=\"Co je trestn\u00fd \u010din po\u0161kozen\u00ed elektronick\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a naru\u0161en\u00ed jeho provozu\">Co je trestn\u00fd \u010din po\u0161kozen\u00ed elektronick\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a naru\u0161en\u00ed jeho provozu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Jaky_je_rozdil_oproti_neopravnenemu_pristupu\" title=\"Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl oproti neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu?\">Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl oproti neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Jak_podnitit_policejni_vysetrovani\" title=\"Jak podn\u00edtit policejn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed\">Jak podn\u00edtit policejn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Obcanskopravni_reseni_je_obtizne\" title=\"Ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9\">Ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Trestne_ciny_spojene_s_vyuzitim_site\" title=\"Trestn\u00e9 \u010diny spojen\u00e9 s vyu\u017eit\u00edm s\u00edt\u011b\">Trestn\u00e9 \u010diny spojen\u00e9 s vyu\u017eit\u00edm s\u00edt\u011b<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Poskozeni_povesti_na_internetu\" title=\"Po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti na internetu\">Po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti na internetu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Poskozeni_prostrednictvim_jedno-na-jednoho_komunikace_jako_je_e-mail\" title=\"Po\u0161kozen\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jedno-na-jednoho komunikace, jako je e-mail\">Po\u0161kozen\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jedno-na-jednoho komunikace, jako je e-mail<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Poskozeni_prostrednictvim_obscennich_obrazku_nebo_nelegalnich_stranek\" title=\"Po\u0161kozen\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obsc\u00e9nn\u00edch obr\u00e1zk\u016f nebo neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch str\u00e1nek\">Po\u0161kozen\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obsc\u00e9nn\u00edch obr\u00e1zk\u016f nebo neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch str\u00e1nek<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Poruseni_zakona_o_zakazu_neopravneneho_pristupu\" title=\"Poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona o z\u00e1kazu neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu\">Poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona o z\u00e1kazu neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Cinnosti_zakazane_zakonem_o_zakazu_neopravneneho_pristupu\" title=\"\u010cinnosti zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 z\u00e1konem o z\u00e1kazu neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu\">\u010cinnosti zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 z\u00e1konem o z\u00e1kazu neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/categories-of-cyber-crime\/#Reseni_policii\" title=\"\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed polici\u00ed\">\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed polici\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tri_kategorie_kyberneticke_kriminality\"><\/span>T\u0159i kategorie kybernetick\u00e9 kriminality<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/categories-of-cyber-crime1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8068\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Obecn\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00e9 kategorie kybernetick\u00e9 kriminality v Japonsku se d\u011bl\u00ed na t\u0159i typy.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak je uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, v Japonsku je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 rozd\u011blit kybernetickou kriminalitu do t\u0159\u00ed kategori\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 kriminalita: P\u0159esn\u00e1 definice bude uvedena n\u00ed\u017ee, ale jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno, jde o trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, kter\u00e9 naru\u0161uj\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Trestn\u00e9 \u010diny vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b: Trestn\u00e9 \u010diny sp\u00e1chan\u00e9 zneu\u017eit\u00edm internetu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona o z\u00e1kazu neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu (japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o z\u00e1kazu neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu): Takzvan\u00e9 neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00ed \u010dinnosti atd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee vysv\u011btl\u00edme ka\u017edou z nich podrobn\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_to_pocitacova_kriminalita\"><\/span>Co je to po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 kriminalita<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_trestny_cin_poskozeni_elektronickeho_pocitace_a_naruseni_jeho_provozu\"><\/span>Co je trestn\u00fd \u010din po\u0161kozen\u00ed elektronick\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a naru\u0161en\u00ed jeho provozu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V trestn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u011b je definov\u00e1n trestn\u00fd \u010din po\u0161kozen\u00ed elektronick\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a naru\u0161en\u00ed jeho provozu, kter\u00fd je typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem tohoto druhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Kdo po\u0161kod\u00ed elektronick\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d nebo magnetick\u00fd z\u00e1znam pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pro podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo kdo poskytne fale\u0161n\u00e9 informace nebo neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 pokyny po\u010d\u00edta\u010di pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9mu pro podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo kdo jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee po\u010d\u00edta\u010d neprov\u00e1d\u00ed operace podle sv\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010delu, nebo prov\u00e1d\u00ed operace v rozporu se sv\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem a t\u00edm naru\u0161uje podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, bude potrest\u00e1n trestem odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a\u017e na p\u011bt let nebo pokutou do 1 milionu jen\u016f.<br><\/p>\n<cite>Paragraf 224-2 japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Je to obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b \u010diteln\u00fd text, ale stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>po\u0161kozen\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de nebo dat v n\u011bm pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pro podnik\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>odesl\u00e1n\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00fdch informac\u00ed nebo informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nebyly p\u016fvodn\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1ny, do po\u010d\u00edta\u010de pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho pro podnik\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>jsou trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed situac\u00ed, kdy jsou tyto metody pou\u017eity k naru\u0161en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee se po\u010d\u00edta\u010di donut\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bt ne\u010dekan\u00e9 operace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Typick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edklady jsou \u010diny, jako je vyu\u017eit\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch d\u011br nebo neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed do ciz\u00edho \u00fa\u010dtu, aby se zv\u00fd\u0161il z\u016fstatek na \u00fa\u010dtu online banky. Podobn\u011b, \u010diny, jako je vyu\u017eit\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch d\u011br nebo neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f k p\u0159eps\u00e1n\u00ed webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek spole\u010dnosti, tak\u00e9 spadaj\u00ed do t\u00e9to kategorie. Samotn\u00fd \u010din &#8220;neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed&#8221; je typem trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu &#8220;poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona o z\u00e1kazu neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu&#8221;, kter\u00fd bude pops\u00e1n pozd\u011bji, ale tento typ trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu se t\u00fdk\u00e1 \u010din\u016f, jako je neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e1 manipulace, pad\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, maz\u00e1n\u00ed nebo neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159eps\u00e1n\u00ed dat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jaky_je_rozdil_oproti_neopravnenemu_pristupu\"><\/span>Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl oproti neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A tento typ trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti se m\u016f\u017ee uskute\u010dnit i bez neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je takzvan\u00fd DoS \u00fatok. Odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed e-mail\u016f a zp\u016fsoben\u00ed poruchy na e-mailov\u00e9m serveru, nebo prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f na webovou str\u00e1nku a zp\u016fsoben\u00ed poruchy na webov\u00e9m serveru, jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 vzorce. Tyto \u010diny jsou leg\u00e1ln\u00ed, pokud se na ka\u017ed\u00fd e-mail nebo p\u0159\u00edstup d\u00edv\u00e1me samostatn\u011b, ale kdy\u017e se prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed, zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed serveru (PC) a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed \u0161kody pro danou spole\u010dnost, jako je nemo\u017enost pou\u017e\u00edvat e-mail nebo otev\u0159\u00edt webovou str\u00e1nku. Proto se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee &#8220;to nen\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona o z\u00e1kazu neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu, ale spad\u00e1 to pod trestn\u00fd \u010din po\u0161kozen\u00ed elektronick\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a podobn\u00e9ho ru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti&#8221;. Mimochodem, v t\u011bchto typech trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti se tak\u00e9 st\u00e1v\u00e1 probl\u00e9mem trestn\u00fd \u010din podvodn\u00e9ho ru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jak_podnitit_policejni_vysetrovani\"><\/span>Jak podn\u00edtit policejn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/categories-of-cyber-crime2-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8069\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jak mohou ob\u011bti po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti zajistit, aby policie zadr\u017eela pachatele?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tyto \u010diny jsou trestn\u00e9, jak je uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, a proto\u017ee dot\u010den\u00e1 spole\u010dnost je ob\u011bt\u00ed, je mo\u017en\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1dat o policejn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Av\u0161ak v praxi se ned\u00e1 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee japonsk\u00e1 policie je v t\u011bchto trestn\u00fdch \u010dinech aktivn\u00ed. To je \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zp\u016fsobeno technick\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, v\u00fd\u0161e jsme hovo\u0159ili o jednoduch\u00fdch DoS \u00fatoc\u00edch, ale skute\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fatoky \u010dasto nejsou tak jednoduch\u00e9, jako kdy\u017e se z jedn\u00e9 IP adresy ode\u0161le milion e-mail\u016f nebo p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e se prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed z mnoha IP adres, tedy \u00fatoky jsou distribuovan\u00e9. Tyto \u00fatoky se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed &#8220;DDoS&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed e-mail\u016f nebo p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f prov\u00e1d\u00ed z jedn\u00e9 IP adresy, je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f od jedn\u00e9 osoby a \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o &#8220;neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 informace&#8221;. Ale pokud jsou IP adresy distribuovan\u00e9, ka\u017ed\u00fd jednotliv\u00fd e-mail nebo p\u0159\u00edstup je leg\u00e1ln\u00ed, tak\u017ee pokud neexistuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy, \u017ee byly provedeny jednou osobou, nem\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed. Jak tedy m\u016f\u017eeme dok\u00e1zat, \u017ee &#8220;velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed e-mail\u016f nebo p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f bylo provedeno jednou osobou&#8221; v r\u00e1mci p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed? To je skute\u010dn\u011b probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd tr\u00e1p\u00ed policii a st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nav\u00edc, v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, pouh\u00e9 prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee &#8220;komunikace odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti (nap\u0159\u00edklad odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed e-mail\u016f, jak je uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e) byla provedena z po\u010d\u00edta\u010de podez\u0159el\u00e9ho&#8221;, nesta\u010d\u00ed k dosa\u017een\u00ed odsouzen\u00ed. V trestn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech je po\u017eadov\u00e1no zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed skute\u010dnosti na \u00farovni &#8220;kdo to ud\u011blal&#8221;, nikoli &#8220;z jak\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de&#8221;. Ve skute\u010dnosti, v mnoha rozhodnut\u00edch trestn\u00edch soud\u016f se pe\u010dliv\u011b zkoum\u00e1 tato \u010d\u00e1st, tedy &#8220;zda byl trestn\u00fd \u010din skute\u010dn\u011b sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n podez\u0159el\u00fdm z jeho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de&#8221;. Tato vysok\u00e1 la\u0165ka pro d\u016fkazy je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 z hlediska &#8220;prevence omyl\u016f&#8221;, ale m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 v\u00e9st k v\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed policie a st\u00e1tn\u00edho z\u00e1stupce v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed kybernetick\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, pokud je incident \u010derstv\u00fd, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e9 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm podrobn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy serverov\u00fdch log\u016f a podobn\u011b zjistit d\u016fkazy, \u017ee &#8220;je velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee to byla jedna osoba&#8221; a &#8220;\u017ee to bylo nepochybn\u011b provedeno samotn\u00fdm podez\u0159el\u00fdm&#8221;. Vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed IT technologi\u00ed a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed anal\u00fdza toho, co bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno v tomto vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, mohou v\u00e9st k v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm d\u016fkaz\u016fm. Pokud jsou tyto dv\u011b v\u011bci k dispozici, m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee existuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy je mo\u017en\u00e9 podn\u00edtit policejn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Obcanskopravni_reseni_je_obtizne\"><\/span>Ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e by bylo ide\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00edt ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed bez nutnosti obracet se na policii, pravdou je, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tohoto typu trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti jsou ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed omezen\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud bylo odesl\u00e1no velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed e-mail\u016f, IP adresa odes\u00edlatele je uvedena v hlavi\u010dce e-mailu (v e-mailov\u00e9 hlavi\u010dce), tak\u017ee byste cht\u011bli, aby poskytovatel internetu odhalil adresu a jm\u00e9no smluvn\u00ed strany, kter\u00e1 tuto IP adresu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. Av\u0161ak v japonsk\u00e9m ob\u010dansk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu (Japonsk\u00fd ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk) neexistuje pr\u00e1vo po\u017eadovat takov\u00e9 odhalen\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u0161kod zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch pomluvami na internetu, jak budeme diskutovat pozd\u011bji, m\u016f\u017eete vyu\u017e\u00edt pr\u00e1vo na odhalen\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli podle z\u00e1kona o omezen\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti poskytovatel\u016f (Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o omezen\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti poskytovatel\u016f), ale stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, toto pr\u00e1vo na odhalen\u00ed je uzn\u00e1no pouze pro:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background\">Komunikaci pro p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky ur\u010den\u00e9 k prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nespecifikovan\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm lid\u00ed (typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je komunikace pro p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky pomlouvaj\u00edc\u00ed na internetov\u00fdch diskusn\u00edch f\u00f3rech otev\u0159en\u00fdch pro nespecifikovan\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed lid\u00ed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je to tak, \u017ee toto pr\u00e1vo na odhalen\u00ed je uzn\u00e1no pouze pro takov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve skute\u010dnosti, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00fdch kybernetick\u00fdch trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f, \u010dasto je nutn\u00e9 pro podn\u011bt k policejn\u00edmu vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edlo\u017eit podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy ne\u017e v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Nav\u00edc, od prvn\u00edho kontaktu s polici\u00ed a\u017e po skute\u010dn\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a zat\u010den\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee uplynout rok nebo v\u00edce. Na druhou stranu, ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na \u010das a snaz\u0161\u00ed&#8230; ale v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tohoto typu trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti je ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v z\u00e1sad\u011b nemo\u017en\u00e9 nebo velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Pokud je mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikovat pachatele, je mo\u017en\u00e9 po\u017eadovat n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0161kodou zp\u016fsobenou poruchou webov\u00e9ho serveru, ale neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed prost\u0159edky pro takovou identifikaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/denial-of-service-attack-dos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/denial-of-service-attack-dos[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trestne_ciny_spojene_s_vyuzitim_site\"><\/span>Trestn\u00e9 \u010diny spojen\u00e9 s vyu\u017eit\u00edm s\u00edt\u011b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Poskozeni_povesti_na_internetu\"><\/span>Po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti na internetu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/categories-of-cyber-crime3-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8070\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti je tak\u00e9 jednou z forem kybernetick\u00e9 kriminality.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, kter\u00e9 jsou sp\u00e1ch\u00e1ny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010de nebo s\u00edt\u011b, mimo ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny. Nap\u0159\u00edklad takzvan\u00e9 pomluvy na internetu nezni\u010d\u00ed data, nepos\u00edlaj\u00ed neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 informace ani neprov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 operace na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, ale jsou prov\u00e1d\u011bny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm internetov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za pomluvu, jsou klasifikov\u00e1ny jako:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Trestn\u011b i ob\u010dansky nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 (typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Trestn\u011b nez\u00e1konn\u00e9, ale ob\u010dansky nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 (typick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edklady jsou poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed nebo poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na obraz)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je n\u011bco trestn\u011b nez\u00e1konn\u00e9, je mo\u017en\u00e9 se pokusit identifikovat autora p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku pomoc\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dosti o zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli podle z\u00e1kona o omezen\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti poskytovatel\u016f (japonsk\u00fd Z\u00e1kon o omezen\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti poskytovatel\u016f), nebo m\u016f\u017eete po\u017e\u00e1dat policii, aby provedla vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a zadr\u017eela autora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak skute\u010dnost je, \u017ee policie \u010dasto nevy\u0161et\u0159uje takov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky aktivn\u011b, kv\u016fli postoji zn\u00e1m\u00e9mu jako &#8220;nezasahov\u00e1n\u00ed do ob\u010dansk\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed&#8221;. Nav\u00edc, poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed a pr\u00e1va na obraz nejsou trestn\u00e9 \u010diny podle trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona, tak\u017ee ob\u010dansk\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/practices\/reputation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/practices\/reputation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Poskozeni_prostrednictvim_jedno-na-jednoho_komunikace_jako_je_e-mail\"><\/span>Po\u0161kozen\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jedno-na-jednoho komunikace, jako je e-mail<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/categories-of-cyber-crime5-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8071\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Identifikace odes\u00edlatele e-mailu v ob\u010dansk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu je velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 je \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nevhodn\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v a podobn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou prov\u00e1d\u011bny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jedno-na-jednoho komunika\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, jako je e-mail nebo Twitter DM. Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je e-mail obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdroky, kter\u00e9 by mohly b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za v\u00fdhr\u016f\u017eky nebo vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dost o zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli podle z\u00e1kona o omezen\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti poskytovatel\u016f (japonsk\u00fd Z\u00e1kon o omezen\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti poskytovatel\u016f) lze vyu\u017e\u00edt pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>komunikace je ur\u010dena pro p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky, kter\u00e9 mohou vid\u011bt nespecifikovan\u00fd po\u010det lid\u00ed (typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je komunikace pro p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed pomluvy na internetov\u00fdch diskusn\u00edch f\u00f3rech, kter\u00e9 jsou ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto pro takovou komunikaci neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a jedinou mo\u017enost\u00ed je spol\u00e9hat se na policejn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Av\u0161ak, i kdy\u017e obsah p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku na internetov\u00e9m diskusn\u00edm f\u00f3ru m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1n za po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti, pokud je pou\u017eit jedno-na-jednoho komunika\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edek, trestn\u00fd \u010din po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti se neuskute\u010dn\u00ed. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, trestn\u00fd \u010din po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti se uskute\u010dn\u00ed pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je \u010din sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n v\u016f\u010di nespecifikovan\u00e9mu nebo velk\u00e9mu po\u010dtu lid\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jedno-na-jednoho komunika\u010dn\u00edho prost\u0159edku se trestn\u00fd \u010din po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti obecn\u011b neuskute\u010dn\u00ed. Tento probl\u00e9m je podrobn\u011bji vysv\u011btlen v jin\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/email-sender-identification\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/email-sender-identification[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Poskozeni_prostrednictvim_obscennich_obrazku_nebo_nelegalnich_stranek\"><\/span>Po\u0161kozen\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obsc\u00e9nn\u00edch obr\u00e1zk\u016f nebo neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch str\u00e1nek<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le, trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed ob\u011bti, nebo trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, kter\u00e9 nezp\u016fsobuj\u00ed \u0161kodu spole\u010dnostem, kter\u00e9 by se staly ob\u011b\u0165mi v praxi, jsou tak\u00e9 zahrnuty v t\u011bchto kategori\u00edch. Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Publikace neupraven\u00fdch obr\u00e1zk\u016f nebo vide\u00ed na takzvan\u00fdch dosp\u011bl\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch (ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vystaven\u00ed obsc\u00e9nn\u00edch obr\u00e1zk\u016f)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Propagace neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch kasinov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Podvodn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, kter\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed zna\u010dkov\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed, ale ve skute\u010dnosti nezas\u00edlaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o typick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud je v d\u00e1msk\u00e9 \u0161atn\u011b firmy prov\u00e1d\u011bno neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed a fotografie jsou zve\u0159ejn\u011bny na internetu, tyto fotografie jsou jasn\u00fdm poru\u0161en\u00edm soukrom\u00ed (nebo pr\u00e1va na obraz) doty\u010dn\u00e9 \u017eeny, ale jak jsme ji\u017e uvedli, poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed (nebo pr\u00e1va na obraz) nen\u00ed trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem a i kdy\u017e je neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed samo o sob\u011b trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem, zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed fotografi\u00ed po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch neleg\u00e1ln\u00edm fotografov\u00e1n\u00edm nen\u00ed automaticky trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem, tak\u017ee je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1dat policii o vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nav\u00edc, i kdy\u017e existenci neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch kasinov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek nebo podvodn\u00fdch str\u00e1nek zp\u016fsobuje pokles tr\u017eeb va\u0161\u00ed firmy nebo pokles d\u016fv\u011bry ve va\u0161\u00ed firmu, takov\u00e9 \u010diny jsou trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, kter\u00e9 jsou trestn\u00e9 pro spole\u010dnost, i kdy\u017e nemaj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ob\u011bti (typick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edklady jsou p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed rychlosti nebo regulace drog), nebo jsou trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed pouze p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 ob\u011bti (nap\u0159\u00edklad spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed zaplatili pen\u00edze na podvodn\u00e9 str\u00e1nce), tak\u017ee i kdy\u017e firma st\u011b\u017euje na \u0161kodu, st\u00e1v\u00e1 se to pouze ozn\u00e1men\u00edm od t\u0159et\u00ed strany, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed ob\u011bt\u00ed. Nav\u00edc, pokud nejste &#8220;ob\u011bt\u00ed&#8221;, identifikace pomoc\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dosti o zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli je v z\u00e1sad\u011b nemo\u017en\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, pokud jde o prodej pad\u011blan\u00fdch zna\u010dkov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f a podobn\u00e9 \u010diny, kter\u00e9 poru\u0161uj\u00ed du\u0161evn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed firmy (nap\u0159\u00edklad ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky nebo autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va), firma m\u016f\u017ee jako &#8220;ob\u011b\u0165&#8221; po\u017e\u00e1dat policii o vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo se pokusit identifikovat prodejce ob\u010dansk\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Poruseni_zakona_o_zakazu_neopravneneho_pristupu\"><\/span>Poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona o z\u00e1kazu neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cinnosti_zakazane_zakonem_o_zakazu_neopravneneho_pristupu\"><\/span>\u010cinnosti zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 z\u00e1konem o z\u00e1kazu neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nakonec, \u010dinnosti zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 z\u00e1konem o z\u00e1kazu neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu (Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o z\u00e1kazu neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu). Tento z\u00e1kon zakazuje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Podpora neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed a podobn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezi t\u011bmito, prvn\u00ed, neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, zahrnuje hlavn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed: \u010dinnost, kdy n\u011bkdo zad\u00e1 ciz\u00ed ID nebo heslo a bez povolen\u00ed se p\u0159ihl\u00e1s\u00ed jako tato osoba<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> \u00datoky na bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed d\u00edry: zneu\u017eit\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch d\u011br, kdy nen\u00ed t\u0159eba zad\u00e1vat ID nebo heslo a p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit se jako n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuj\u00ed dva typy t\u011bchto \u010dinnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Druh\u00fd, podpora neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu, je \u010dinnost, kdy n\u011bkdo bez povolen\u00ed sd\u011bl\u00ed nebo prod\u00e1 ciz\u00ed \u00fa\u010dtov\u00e9 informace (ID, heslo atd.) jin\u00e9 osob\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/categories-of-cyber-crime6-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8072\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Takzvan\u00e9 kr\u00e1de\u017ee hesel prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm phishingov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek pat\u0159\u00ed do t\u00e9to kategorie.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nakonec, t\u0159et\u00ed, neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed a podobn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, je \u010dinnost, kdy n\u011bkdo donut\u00ed jinou osobu zadat informace o sv\u00e9m \u00fa\u010dtu, nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm takzvan\u00fdch phishingov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek, nebo kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 informace o \u00fa\u010dtu, kter\u00e9 byly neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1ny t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed z\u00e1kona o z\u00e1kazu neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu najdete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/unauthorized-computer-access\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/unauthorized-computer-access[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reseni_policii\"><\/span>\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed polici\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud jste ob\u011bt\u00ed neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu, budete muset po\u017e\u00e1dat policii o vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. Av\u0161ak, \u010dasto se jedn\u00e1 o technicky velmi slo\u017eit\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f, pokud n\u011bkdo, kdo m\u00e1 znalosti a know-how v oblasti IT a pr\u00e1va, nevytvo\u0159\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu atd., vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed polici\u00ed se v praxi \u010dasto neuskute\u010dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikovat pachatele, je mo\u017en\u00e9 po\u017eadovat od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed od dan\u00e9ho pachatele. Av\u0161ak, stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f, je velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 identifikovat pachatele prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm civiln\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Kybernetick\u00fd zlo\u010din&#8221; je term\u00edn, kter\u00fd je ji\u017e do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd i v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di, ale mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b je definov\u00e1n jako &#8220;zlo\u010din zneu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou a telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed technologi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":62402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[35,19],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60949"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60949"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60949\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":62501,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60949\/revisions\/62501"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/62402"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60949"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}