{"id":60972,"date":"2023-12-08T20:23:35","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:23:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=60972"},"modified":"2025-12-11T18:14:11","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T09:14:11","slug":"comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency","title":{"rendered":"Co jsou kryptom\u011bny (virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny)? Podrobn\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed definice a rozd\u00edl\u016f oproti elektronick\u00fdm pen\u011bz\u016fm"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V posledn\u00edch letech se zvy\u0161uje z\u00e1jem o &#8220;kryptom\u011bny&#8221;, ale m\u00e1lo lid\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b rozum\u00ed, co to &#8220;kryptom\u011bna&#8221; vlastn\u011b je. V obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s kryptom\u011bnami se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i nezvykl\u00e9 term\u00edny jako &#8220;token&#8221; nebo &#8220;blockchain&#8221;, tak\u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 mohou pova\u017eovat pochopen\u00ed za n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku vysv\u011btl\u00edme pr\u00e1vn\u00ed definici kryptom\u011bny a spole\u010dn\u00e9 a odli\u0161n\u00e9 body oproti elektronick\u00fdm pen\u011bz\u016fm, kter\u00e9 byly dosud pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny jako elektronick\u00fd platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Co_jsou_kryptomeny_virtualni_meny\" title=\"Co jsou kryptom\u011bny (virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny)\">Co jsou kryptom\u011bny (virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Co_je_elektronicke_penize\" title=\"Co je elektronick\u00e9 pen\u00edze\">Co je elektronick\u00e9 pen\u00edze<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Rozdil_mezi_kryptomenou_a_elektronickymi_penezi\" title=\"Rozd\u00edl mezi kryptom\u011bnou a elektronick\u00fdmi pen\u011bzi\">Rozd\u00edl mezi kryptom\u011bnou a elektronick\u00fdmi pen\u011bzi<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#%E2%80%9CKryptomena%E2%80%9D_a_%E2%80%9CPredplaceny_platebni_prostredek%E2%80%9D\" title=\"&#8220;Kryptom\u011bna&#8221; a &#8220;P\u0159edplacen\u00fd platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edek&#8221;\">&#8220;Kryptom\u011bna&#8221; a &#8220;P\u0159edplacen\u00fd platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edek&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#%E2%80%9CKryptomena%E2%80%9D_a_%E2%80%9CSmenarenske_obchody%E2%80%9D\" title=\"&#8220;Kryptom\u011bna&#8221; a &#8220;Sm\u011bn\u00e1rensk\u00e9 obchody&#8221;\">&#8220;Kryptom\u011bna&#8221; a &#8220;Sm\u011bn\u00e1rensk\u00e9 obchody&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Rozdil_mezi_%E2%80%9Ekryptomenou%E2%80%9C_a_%E2%80%9Eelektronickymi_platebnimi_prostredky%E2%80%9C_Stablecoin\" title=\"Rozd\u00edl mezi \u201ekryptom\u011bnou\u201c a \u201eelektronick\u00fdmi platebn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky\u201c (Stablecoin)\">Rozd\u00edl mezi \u201ekryptom\u011bnou\u201c a \u201eelektronick\u00fdmi platebn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky\u201c (Stablecoin)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Usporadani_charakteristik_kryptomen\" title=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed charakteristik kryptom\u011bn\">Uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed charakteristik kryptom\u011bn<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Nespecificnost\" title=\"Nespecifi\u010dnost\">Nespecifi\u010dnost<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Volatilita_hodnoty\" title=\"Volatilita hodnoty\">Volatilita hodnoty<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Shrnuti_Otazky_tykajici_se_pravnich_predpisu_o_kryptomenach_virtualnich_menach_smerujte_na_pravniky\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed: Ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f o kryptom\u011bn\u00e1ch (virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch) sm\u011b\u0159ujte na pr\u00e1vn\u00edky\">Shrnut\u00ed: Ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f o kryptom\u011bn\u00e1ch (virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch) sm\u011b\u0159ujte na pr\u00e1vn\u00edky<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_jsou_kryptomeny_virtualni_meny\"><\/span>Co jsou kryptom\u011bny (virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u016fvodn\u00ed kryptom\u011bna, kterou lze nazvat pr\u016fkopn\u00edkem, Bitcoin, byla p\u016fvodn\u011b vyvinuta jako &#8220;elektronick\u00fd m\u011bnov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 online platby mezi u\u017eivateli bez z\u00e1sahu finan\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">Odkaz: <a href=\"https:\/\/bitcoin.org\/bitcoin.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"P\u016fvodn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e Bitcoinu Satoshi Nakamoto\">P\u016fvodn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e Bitcoinu Satoshi Nakamoto<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, byl navr\u017een s my\u0161lenkou b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jako prost\u0159edek platby (d\u00e1le jen &#8220;platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edek&#8221;) pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed atd., podobn\u011b jako leg\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny jako jsou jen nebo dolar. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, na rozd\u00edl od leg\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn, nezasahuje do toho \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd centralizovan\u00fd vydavatel, jako jsou banky, a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 decentralizovan\u00fd z\u00e1znamov\u00fd syst\u00e9m zvan\u00fd blockchain, kter\u00fd je velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b m\u011bniteln\u00fd, aby umo\u017enil elektronick\u00e9 transakce bezpe\u010dn\u011bji a za ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se mezi t\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 jsou obecn\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1ny kryptom\u011bny (virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny), ka\u017ed\u00fd den objevuj\u00ed nov\u00e9, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 funkce, kter\u00e9 p\u0159esahuj\u00ed pouh\u00fd platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edek, s Ethereum (ETH) v \u010dele. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, p\u016fvodn\u011b bylo p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1no, \u017ee kryptom\u011bny (virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny) budou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny jako platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 diskutovat o t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 jsou naz\u00fdv\u00e1ny kryptom\u011bnami (virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnami), jako o jedn\u00e9 skupin\u011b, ale jednou z jejich hlavn\u00edch charakteristik je &#8220;velk\u00e1 volatilita&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\u2666<em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Co je volatilita (Volatility: hodnotov\u00e1 nestabilita)<\/span><\/em><br><em>Volatilita<\/em> je term\u00edn, kter\u00fd ozna\u010duje m\u00edru hodnotov\u00fdch zm\u011bn a je obecn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jako faktor pro posouzen\u00ed rizika finan\u010dn\u00edch produkt\u016f. Finan\u010dn\u00ed produkty, jejich\u017e hodnota se \u010dasto m\u011bn\u00ed, se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee maj\u00ed &#8220;velkou volatilitu&#8221;, a finan\u010dn\u00ed produkty s velkou volatilitou jsou obecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za rizikov\u00e9, ale na druhou stranu mohou v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dase p\u0159in\u00e9st velk\u00e9 zisky (vysok\u00e9 riziko, vysok\u00fd v\u00fdnos).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Velk\u00e1 volatilita je bod, ve kter\u00e9m se kryptom\u011bny li\u0161\u00ed od leg\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn, a mo\u017en\u00e1 jste sly\u0161eli o p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy hodnota kryptom\u011bny klesla p\u0159es noc. Proto, na druhou stranu, existuje skute\u010dnost, \u017ee samotn\u00e1 kryptom\u011bna (virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna) se stala investi\u010dn\u00edm c\u00edlem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale obvykle by bylo obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat n\u011bco s tak nestabiln\u00ed hodnotou jako b\u011b\u017en\u00fd platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To plat\u00ed jak pro prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed, tak pro kupuj\u00edc\u00ed. Co kdyby nap\u0159\u00edklad 10 000 jen\u016f, kter\u00e9 jste dnes p\u0159ijali (zaplatili) jako cenu za zbo\u017e\u00ed, m\u011blo z\u00edtra hodnotu pouze 1 000 jen\u016f? Ani prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed, ani kupuj\u00edc\u00ed by nemohli obchodovat s d\u016fv\u011brou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto, pokud je volatilita p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e1, m\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e charakter investi\u010dn\u00edho c\u00edle (finan\u010dn\u00edho produktu) ne\u017e platebn\u00edho prost\u0159edku (to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee leg\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou volatilitu, jsou ovlivn\u011bny sm\u011bnn\u00fdmi kurzy a v tomto rozsahu se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00edmi c\u00edli, ale jejich hlavn\u00ed funkc\u00ed je st\u00e1le platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edek).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve skute\u010dnosti, pokud jde o kryptom\u011bny (virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny), nen\u00ed m\u00e1lo lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e dojem, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o &#8220;investi\u010dn\u00ed c\u00edl (finan\u010dn\u00ed produkt)&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_elektronicke_penize\"><\/span>Co je elektronick\u00e9 pen\u00edze<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"735\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/12\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-67086\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5;width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/12\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency-2.jpg 735w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/12\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/12\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency-2-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Elektronick\u00e9 pen\u00edze&#8221; je term\u00edn, kter\u00fd se obecn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro ozna\u010den\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly elektronick\u00fdch platebn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, jako jsou karty s integrovan\u00fdm obvodem pro dopravu nebo slu\u017eby pro platby pomoc\u00ed QR k\u00f3d\u016f, ale nen\u00ed to pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pojem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Slu\u017eby obecn\u011b ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako &#8220;elektronick\u00e9 pen\u00edze&#8221; existuj\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch form\u00e1ch, jak je uvedeno n\u00ed\u017ee, a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed regulace, kter\u00e9 se na n\u011b vztahuj\u00ed, se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na jejich mechanismu, tak\u017ee je t\u0159eba b\u00fdt opatrn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<li>P\u0159edplacen\u00fd typ = &#8220;P\u0159edplacen\u00fd platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edek&#8221; (Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch transakc\u00edch)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Typ s platbou po dod\u00e1n\u00ed = &#8220;Zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed kreditn\u00edch n\u00e1kup\u016f&#8221; (Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o prodeji na spl\u00e1tky)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Debetn\u00ed (okam\u017eit\u00e1 platba) typ = &#8220;Vklad&#8221; nebo &#8220;Sm\u011bnn\u00fd obchod&#8221; (Japonsk\u00fd bankovn\u00ed z\u00e1kon, Z\u00e1kon o pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch transakc\u00edch)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><br \/><!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozdil_mezi_kryptomenou_a_elektronickymi_penezi\"><\/span>Rozd\u00edl mezi kryptom\u011bnou a elektronick\u00fdmi pen\u011bzi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed o rozd\u00edlu mezi kryptom\u011bnou a elektronick\u00fdmi pen\u011bzi je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edt na pam\u011bti koncept &#8220;kryptom\u011bny&#8221;, jak byl p\u0159edstaven v\u00fd\u0161e, a rozd\u00edly mezi t\u00edmto konceptem a r\u016fzn\u00fdmi koncepty stanoven\u00fdmi v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy, zejm\u00e9na rozd\u00edly mezi &#8220;p\u0159edplacen\u00fdmi platebn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky&#8221; a &#8220;sm\u011bn\u00e1rensk\u00fdmi obchody&#8221;, kter\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 koncepty stanoven\u00e9 v z\u00e1kon\u011b o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>V roce Reiwa 4 (2022) byl p\u0159ijat novelizovan\u00fd z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch, kter\u00fd nov\u011b reguluje stabiln\u00ed mince jako &#8220;elektronick\u00e9 platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edky&#8221;. Proto tak\u00e9 stru\u010dn\u011b vysv\u011btl\u00edme rozd\u00edly mezi &#8220;elektronick\u00fdmi platebn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky&#8221; (stabiln\u00ed mince).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CKryptomena%E2%80%9D_a_%E2%80%9CPredplaceny_platebni_prostredek%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8220;Kryptom\u011bna&#8221; a &#8220;P\u0159edplacen\u00fd platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edek&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edkladem p\u0159edplacen\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 m\u011bny jsou takzvan\u00e9 dopravn\u00ed IC karty, jako je Suica nebo PASMO. Tyto karty odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed definici &#8220;p\u0159edplacen\u00fdch platebn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f&#8221; podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (Z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch), a pro jejich vyd\u00e1n\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 podat ozn\u00e1men\u00ed nebo registraci.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"left\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/prepaid-payment-method\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kdy se vlastn\u00ed vyd\u00e1van\u00e9 body kvalifikuj\u00ed jako p\u0159edplacen\u00e9 platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edky podle z\u00e1kona o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Pokud porovn\u00e1me po\u017eadavky na kryptom\u011bnu a p\u0159edplacen\u00e9 platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, dostaneme n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulku:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:table {\"hasFixedLayout\":true,\"className\":\"is-style-regular\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Po\u017eadavky na &#8220;Kryptom\u011bnu&#8221;<\/th>\n<th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Po\u017eadavky na &#8220;P\u0159edplacen\u00fd platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edek&#8221;<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2780 M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eito pro placen\u00ed <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">neur\u010dit\u00e9mu subjektu<\/span> a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vz\u00e1jemn\u011b vym\u011bn\u011bno za z\u00e1konnou m\u011bnu s neur\u010dit\u00fdm subjektem<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2460 M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eito pro placen\u00ed <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">vydavateli atd.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2781 M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt elektronicky zaznamen\u00e1no a p\u0159evedeno<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2461 Hodnota majetku ve form\u011b \u010d\u00e1stky nebo mno\u017estv\u00ed je zaznamen\u00e1na<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2462 Nen\u00ed to z\u00e1konn\u00e1 m\u011bna ani m\u011bnov\u00fd majetek<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2462 Je vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n za cenu odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stce nebo mno\u017estv\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:table --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ob\u011b jsou spole\u010dn\u00e9 v tom, \u017ee mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity jako platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Na druhou stranu, kryptom\u011bna m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eita &#8220;neur\u010dit\u00fdm subjekt\u016fm&#8221;, zat\u00edmco p\u0159edplacen\u00e9 platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edky mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity &#8220;vydavateli atd.&#8221;, co\u017e jsou specifick\u00e9 subjekty. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, ob\u011b se li\u0161\u00ed v tom, zda je mo\u017en\u00e9 omezit subjekty, kter\u00e9 mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat tyto prost\u0159edky, na z\u00e1klad\u011b jejich struktury (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fsa.go.jp\/common\/law\/guide\/kaisya\/16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sm\u011brnice pro kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00e9 operace[ja]<\/a> I-1-1\u2460\u2461).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b toho, kryptom\u011bna nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt m\u011bnov\u00fdm majetkem, zat\u00edmco p\u0159edplacen\u00e9 platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edky mohou b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za m\u011bnov\u00fd majetek, jak je uvedeno n\u00ed\u017ee. Tento rozd\u00edl je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:quote --><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;M\u011bnov\u00fd majetek&#8221; zahrnuje nejen majetkov\u00e9 hodnoty, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity pro placen\u00ed neur\u010dit\u00fdm subjekt\u016fm a kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt nakupov\u00e1ny a prod\u00e1v\u00e1ny, ale tak\u00e9 jin\u00e9 majetkov\u00e9 hodnoty, jako jsou stabiln\u00ed mince nebo digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity pro placen\u00ed neur\u010dit\u00fdm subjekt\u016fm, stejn\u011b jako st\u00e1tn\u00ed dluhopisy, korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed dluhopisy a p\u0159edplacen\u00e9 platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edky.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fsa.go.jp\/singi\/singi_kinyu\/tosin\/20220111\/houkoku.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zpr\u00e1va pracovn\u00ed skupiny pro platebn\u00ed slu\u017eby Japonsk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby a Finan\u010dn\u00ed poradn\u00ed rady (11. ledna 2022)[ja]<\/a> strana 17, pozn\u00e1mka pod \u010darou 61<\/cite><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><!-- \/wp:quote --><br \/><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CKryptomena%E2%80%9D_a_%E2%80%9CSmenarenske_obchody%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8220;Kryptom\u011bna&#8221; a &#8220;Sm\u011bn\u00e1rensk\u00e9 obchody&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edkladem debetn\u00ed (okam\u017eit\u00e9 platby) elektronick\u00e9 pen\u011b\u017eenky je nap\u0159\u00edklad QUICPay\u2122 nebo iD. Rozd\u00edl oproti p\u0159edplacen\u00e9mu typu spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 p\u0159edem dob\u00edjet.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, je to syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159evod pen\u011bz z bankovn\u00edho \u00fa\u010dtu atd. na \u00fa\u010det p\u0159\u00edjemce. Tento typ syst\u00e9mu je podle japonsk\u00e9ho &#8220;Z\u00e1kona o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch&#8221; regulov\u00e1n jako &#8220;sm\u011bn\u00e1rensk\u00fd obchod&#8221; a pro provozov\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9ho obchodu je nutn\u00e1 registrace jako &#8220;poskytovatel p\u0159evodov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Sm\u011bn\u00e1rensk\u00fd obchod&#8221; je definov\u00e1n v judikatu\u0159e n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:quote --><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed sm\u011bn\u00e1rensk\u00fdch obchod\u016f&#8221; znamen\u00e1 p\u0159ijmout a prov\u00e9st po\u017eadavek od z\u00e1kazn\u00edka na p\u0159evod pen\u011bz pomoc\u00ed syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159evod pen\u011bz mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi m\u00edsty bez p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho p\u0159epravy hotovosti.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><cite>Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud, 12. b\u0159ezna 2001 (Heisei 13), Trestn\u00ed sb\u00edrka, svazek 55, \u010d\u00edslo 2, strana 97<\/cite><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><!-- \/wp:quote --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Vztah s kryptom\u011bnou m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt trochu nejasn\u00fd, ale kryptom\u011bna je, jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u017eivatel\u016fm p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt pen\u00edze p\u0159\u00edmo na blockchainu. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pokud by kryptom\u011bna mohla b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1na za &#8220;pen\u00edze&#8221; ve v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9m podtr\u017een\u00e9m textu, samotn\u00fd syst\u00e9m vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed kryptom\u011bnu by se kvalifikoval jako &#8220;sm\u011bn\u00e1rensk\u00fd obchod&#8221;, a pro provozov\u00e1n\u00ed kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 sm\u011bn\u00e1rny by byla v\u017edy nutn\u00e1 registrace jako poskytovatel p\u0159evodov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Probl\u00e9m tedy spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, zda kryptom\u011bna odpov\u00edd\u00e1 definici &#8220;pen\u011bz&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de tohoto bodu, &#8220;pen\u00edze&#8221; jsou obecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za hotovost a v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 lze snadno p\u0159em\u011bnit na hotovost (nap\u0159. vklady, ciz\u00ed m\u011bny). I kdy\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e9 kryptom\u011bnu vym\u011bnit za hotovost, kv\u016fli velk\u00e9 volatilit\u011b se ned\u00e1 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee by bylo snadn\u00e9 ji p\u0159em\u011bnit na hotovost, a proto se nedomn\u00edv\u00e1me, \u017ee by odpov\u00eddala definici &#8220;pen\u011bz&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Av\u0161ak, podle <a title=\"Pokyny pro kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 sm\u011bn\u00e1rny\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fsa.go.jp\/common\/law\/guide\/kaisya\/16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pokyn\u016f pro kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 sm\u011bn\u00e1rny[ja]<\/a> I-1-2-2\u2463,<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:quote --><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Pokud osoba prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnu kryptom\u011bny p\u0159ijme a provede po\u017eadavek na p\u0159evod pen\u011bz, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e1 registrace jako poskytovatel p\u0159evodov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 37 z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><!-- \/wp:quote --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Je uvedeno, \u017ee je t\u0159eba b\u00fdt opatrn\u00fd, proto\u017ee syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed snadn\u00fd n\u00e1vrat k pen\u011bz\u016fm v souvislosti s obchody s kryptom\u011bnou, mohou b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za sm\u011bn\u00e1rensk\u00e9 obchody.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozdil_mezi_%E2%80%9Ekryptomenou%E2%80%9C_a_%E2%80%9Eelektronickymi_platebnimi_prostredky%E2%80%9C_Stablecoin\"><\/span>Rozd\u00edl mezi \u201ekryptom\u011bnou\u201c a \u201eelektronick\u00fdmi platebn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky\u201c (Stablecoin)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u201eStablecoin\u201c nen\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed term\u00edn, ale obecn\u011b se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee ozna\u010duje \u201edigit\u00e1ln\u00ed aktiva (digit\u00e1ln\u00ed formy aktiv), kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed technologie jako je blockchain a maj\u00ed za c\u00edl udr\u017eovat stabiln\u00ed hodnotu v souladu s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi aktivy\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">Reference: <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fsa.go.jp\/singi\/singi_kinyu\/tosin\/20220111\/houkoku.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zpr\u00e1va pracovn\u00ed skupiny pro platebn\u00ed transakce Japonsk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby (11. ledna 2022)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Stabiln\u00ed hodnota, jin\u00fdmi slovy n\u00edzk\u00e1 volatilita, je hlavn\u00ed charakteristikou stablecoinu, ale aktiva, na kter\u00e1 je nav\u00e1z\u00e1n, mohou b\u00fdt r\u016fzn\u00e1 (m\u011bna, komodity jako zlato nebo ropa, finan\u010dn\u00ed produkty, kryptom\u011bny atd.), a mechanismus a m\u00edra stability hodnoty se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na t\u011bchto aktiv\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed regulace t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se stablecoin\u016f byly tradi\u010dn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za r\u016fzn\u00e9 v z\u00e1vislosti na typu aktiv, na kter\u00e9 jsou nav\u00e1z\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:list {\"style\":{\"color\":{\"background\":\"#eeeeee\"}}} --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Typ podobn\u00fd digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bn\u011b<\/span>:<br \/>Vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 se za cenu nav\u00e1zanou na hodnotu m\u011bny (nap\u0159\u00edklad 1 mince = 1 jen) a je dohodnuto, \u017ee bude splacena za vyd\u00e1vac\u00ed cenu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><br \/><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\">\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Typ kryptom\u011bny<\/span>:<br \/>Pokus o stabilizaci hodnoty pomoc\u00ed algoritmu na blockchainu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>V r\u00e1mci novely z\u00e1kona o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch z roku 2022 (Reiwa 4) byly \u201eelektronick\u00e9 platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edky\u201c nov\u011b regulov\u00e1ny jako stablecoiny podobn\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bn\u011b, a pro manipulaci s elektronick\u00fdmi platebn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky (n\u00e1kup, prodej, v\u00fdm\u011bna, spr\u00e1va atd.) je nyn\u00ed nutn\u00e1 registrace jako \u201eobchodn\u00edk s elektronick\u00fdmi platebn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Na druhou stranu, stablecoiny typu kryptom\u011bny jsou klasifikov\u00e1ny jako \u201ekryptom\u011bny\u201c, jak n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e porovn\u00e1me pr\u00e1vn\u00ed po\u017eadavky na \u201eelektronick\u00e9 platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edky\u201c a \u201ekryptom\u011bny\u201c, dostaneme n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulku:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:table {\"hasFixedLayout\":true,\"className\":\"is-style-regular\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Po\u017eadavky na \u201ekryptom\u011bnu\u201c<\/th>\n<th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Po\u017eadavky na \u201eelektronick\u00e9 platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edky\u201c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2780 M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit k placen\u00ed ceny nezn\u00e1m\u00e9mu subjektu a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vz\u00e1jemn\u011b vym\u011bn\u011bn za m\u011bnu s nezn\u00e1m\u00fdm subjektem<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2460 M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eit k placen\u00ed ceny nezn\u00e1m\u00e9mu subjektu a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zakoupen nebo prod\u00e1n nezn\u00e1m\u00e9mu subjektu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2781 M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt elektronicky zaznamen\u00e1n a p\u0159eveden<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2461 M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt elektronicky zaznamen\u00e1n a p\u0159eveden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2462 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Nen\u00ed m\u011bna ani aktivum denominovan\u00e9 v m\u011bn\u011b<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2462 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Omezeno na aktiva denominovan\u00e1 v m\u011bn\u011b<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:table --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Takto se kryptom\u011bny a elektronick\u00e9 platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edky li\u0161\u00ed v tom, zda jsou denominovan\u00e9 v m\u011bn\u011b. Aktiva denominovan\u00e1 v m\u011bn\u011b jsou pr\u00e1vn\u011b definov\u00e1na n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:quote --><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>V tomto z\u00e1kon\u011b se \u201eaktiva denominovan\u00e1 v m\u011bn\u011b\u201c rozum\u00ed aktiva, kter\u00e1 jsou vyj\u00e1d\u0159ena v dom\u00e1c\u00ed nebo ciz\u00ed m\u011bn\u011b, nebo u kter\u00fdch je spln\u011bn\u00ed dluhu, splacen\u00ed nebo jin\u00e9 podobn\u00e9 akce (d\u00e1le jen \u201espln\u011bn\u00ed dluhu atd.\u201c) stanoveno v dom\u00e1c\u00ed nebo ciz\u00ed m\u011bn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><cite>Z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch, \u010dl\u00e1nek 2, odstavec 6<\/cite><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><!-- \/wp:quote --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee m\u00e1 funkce podobn\u00e9 m\u011bn\u011b a stabiln\u00ed hodnotu. To, \u017ee je denominovan\u00e9 v m\u011bn\u011b, je po\u017eadavek, kter\u00fd dob\u0159e vyjad\u0159uje charakteristiku stablecoinu, jeho\u017e hodnota je stabiln\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Na druhou stranu, proto\u017ee elektronick\u00e9 platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edky jsou \u201epen\u00edze\u201c v kontextu p\u0159edchoz\u00edch devizov\u00fdch transakc\u00ed, je nutn\u00e1 registrace jako \u201eposkytovatel p\u0159evodu pen\u011bz\u201c pro vyd\u00e1n\u00ed elektronick\u00fdch platebn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, novelizace z\u00e1kona z roku 2022 (Reiwa 4) p\u0159idala novou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed regulaci (elektronick\u00e9 platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edky) pro zprost\u0159edkovatele, proto\u017ee se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee existuj\u00ed obchodn\u00ed modely, kde se vydavatel a zprost\u0159edkovatel odd\u011bluj\u00ed, a\u010dkoli st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed regulace (devizov\u00e9 transakce) mohou b\u00fdt vhodn\u00e9 pro vydavatele stablecoin\u016f.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"left\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/stablecoin-type\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Co je to stablecoin? Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed vztahu s elektronick\u00fdmi platebn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky v novelizovan\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Usporadani_charakteristik_kryptomen\"><\/span>Uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed charakteristik kryptom\u011bn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:image {\"id\":50190,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-67087\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2023\/12\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency-3-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2023\/12\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency-3-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2023\/12\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency-3-250x167.jpg 250w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2023\/12\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency-3.jpg 735w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Vzhledem k v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9mu lze shrnout, \u017ee mezi charakteristikami kryptom\u011bn jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed dv\u011b body:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:list {\"style\":{\"color\":{\"background\":\"#eeeeee\"}}} --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Nespecifi\u010dnost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><br \/><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\">\n<li>Volatilita hodnoty<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nespecificnost\"><\/span>Nespecifi\u010dnost<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Kryptom\u011bny lze pou\u017e\u00edt pro transakce bez ohledu na jejich vydavatele. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed nen\u00ed omezeno a mohou b\u00fdt vyu\u017eity pro \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu transakc\u00ed. Av\u0161ak, jeliko\u017e nemaj\u00ed z\u00e1konnou platnost (schopnost uskute\u010dnit platbu za nomin\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnotu je z\u00e1konn\u011b uzn\u00e1na), je nutn\u00e9, aby ob\u011b strany transakce souhlasily s pou\u017eit\u00edm kryptom\u011bny jako platebn\u00edho prost\u0159edku.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Volatilita_hodnoty\"><\/span>Volatilita hodnoty<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>U kryptom\u011bn, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00edho vydavatele, jako jsou banky, je nejasn\u00e9, na \u010dem z\u00e1vis\u00ed jejich z\u00e1kladn\u00ed hodnota, co\u017e je charakteristick\u00e9 velkou volatilitou. Proto maj\u00ed kryptom\u011bny tak\u00e9 spekulativn\u00ed aspekt, ale jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, alespo\u0148 z pr\u00e1vn\u00edho hlediska jsou &#8220;kryptom\u011bny&#8221; omezeny na funkci platebn\u00edho prost\u0159edku.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti_Otazky_tykajici_se_pravnich_predpisu_o_kryptomenach_virtualnich_menach_smerujte_na_pravniky\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed: Ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f o kryptom\u011bn\u00e1ch (virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch) sm\u011b\u0159ujte na pr\u00e1vn\u00edky<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed regulace se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na tom, zda se kryptom\u011bna pova\u017euje za investi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj (finan\u010dn\u00ed produkt) nebo za platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edek. P\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed je tedy nutn\u00e9 pe\u010dliv\u011b posoudit.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Nav\u00edc, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed regulace t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se kryptom\u011bn jsou st\u00e1le upravov\u00e1ny a v praxi existuje velk\u00fd prostor pro interpretaci. Pokud m\u00e1te tedy jak\u00e9koliv pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se kryptom\u011bn, obra\u0165te se na zku\u0161en\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edka.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 s bohat\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi v oblasti IT, zejm\u00e9na internetu a pr\u00e1va. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 poskytuje komplexn\u00ed podporu pro podnik\u00e1n\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s kryptom\u011bnami a blockchainem. Podrobnosti naleznete na n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9 str\u00e1nce, pros\u00edm, pod\u00edvejte se na ni.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Co na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/blockchain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kryptom\u011bny a blockchain[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V posledn\u00edch letech se zvy\u0161uje z\u00e1jem o &#8220;kryptom\u011bny&#8221;, ale m\u00e1lo lid\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b rozum\u00ed, co to &#8220;kryptom\u011bna&#8221; vlastn\u011b je. V obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s kryptom\u011bnami se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i nezvy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":67085,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[20,19],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60972"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60972"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60972\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67088,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60972\/revisions\/67088"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/67085"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60972"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60972"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}