{"id":60974,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:19","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=60974"},"modified":"2024-03-30T13:57:26","modified_gmt":"2024-03-30T04:57:26","slug":"mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation","title":{"rendered":"Je s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd obchod neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed? Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f 'Japonsk\u00e9ho multi-level marketingu' a 'Pyramidov\u00fdch sch\u00e9mat"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee jste sly\u0161eli zpr\u00e1vy o tom, jak n\u011bkdo byl p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den bl\u00edzkou osobou s l\u00e1kav\u00fdmi sliby &#8220;snadno vyd\u011blat pen\u00edze&#8221; nebo &#8220;ur\u010dit\u011b zbohatnout&#8221;, uzav\u0159el smlouvu a zaplatil cenu dluhem, ale ve skute\u010dnosti nezbohatl a z\u016fstal pouze s dluhem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto je p\u0159\u00edpad zneu\u017eit\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho marketingu, ale je tak\u00e9 pravda, \u017ee existuje mnoho spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 provozuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed v souladu se z\u00e1konem a leg\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku vysv\u011btl\u00edme pr\u00e1vn\u00ed definici a zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 praktiky &#8220;s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho marketingu&#8221;, stejn\u011b jako v\u00fdznam a rozd\u00edly mezi podobn\u00fdmi term\u00edny jako &#8220;\u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd prodej&#8221; a &#8220;nekone\u010dn\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd semin\u00e1\u0159&#8221; (japonsk\u00e9 &#8220;rensa hanbai&#8221; a &#8220;mugen rensa k\u014d&#8221;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Co_je_to_sitovy_obchod\" title=\"Co je to s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd obchod?\">Co je to s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd obchod?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Co_je_to_retezovy_prodej_definicepozadavky\" title=\"Co je to \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd prodej (definice\/po\u017eadavky)\">Co je to \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd prodej (definice\/po\u017eadavky)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Regulace_retezoveho_prodeje\" title=\"Regulace \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9ho prodeje\">Regulace \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9ho prodeje<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Povinnost_uvest_jmeno_atd_clanek_33_odst_2\" title=\"Povinnost uv\u00e9st jm\u00e9no atd. (\u010dl\u00e1nek 33 odst. 2)\">Povinnost uv\u00e9st jm\u00e9no atd. (\u010dl\u00e1nek 33 odst. 2)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Povinnost_uvest_informace_pri_reklame_clanek_35\" title=\"Povinnost uv\u00e9st informace p\u0159i reklam\u011b (\u010dl\u00e1nek 35)\">Povinnost uv\u00e9st informace p\u0159i reklam\u011b (\u010dl\u00e1nek 35)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Povinnost_predat_pisemnou_dokumentaci_clanek_37\" title=\"Povinnost p\u0159edat p\u00edsemnou dokumentaci (\u010dl\u00e1nek 37)\">Povinnost p\u0159edat p\u00edsemnou dokumentaci (\u010dl\u00e1nek 37)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Co_je_nekonecny_retezovy_system_definice_a_pozadavky\" title=\"Co je nekone\u010dn\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd syst\u00e9m (definice a po\u017eadavky)\">Co je nekone\u010dn\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd syst\u00e9m (definice a po\u017eadavky)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Rozdil_mezi_obema\" title=\"Rozd\u00edl mezi ob\u011bma\">Rozd\u00edl mezi ob\u011bma<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Kdy_se_retezovy_prodej_stava_nelegalnim\" title=\"Kdy se \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd prodej st\u00e1v\u00e1 neleg\u00e1ln\u00edm?\">Kdy se \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd prodej st\u00e1v\u00e1 neleg\u00e1ln\u00edm?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Zakazane_ciny_clanek_34\" title=\"Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 \u010diny (\u010dl\u00e1nek 34)\">Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 \u010diny (\u010dl\u00e1nek 34)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Zakaz_prehnane_reklamy_clanek_36\" title=\"Z\u00e1kaz p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 reklamy (\u010dl\u00e1nek 36)\">Z\u00e1kaz p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 reklamy (\u010dl\u00e1nek 36)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Zakaz_poskytovani_reklamy_prostrednictvim_e-mailu_bez_souhlasu_clanek_36_odstavec_3\" title=\"Z\u00e1kaz poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed reklamy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm e-mailu bez souhlasu (\u010dl\u00e1nek 36, odstavec 3)\">Z\u00e1kaz poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed reklamy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm e-mailu bez souhlasu (\u010dl\u00e1nek 36, odstavec 3)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_to_sitovy_obchod\"><\/span>Co je to s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd obchod?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/netbusiness-chain-referral2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-44313\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Term\u00edn &#8220;s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd obchod&#8221; se obecn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve dvou hlavn\u00edch v\u00fdznamech:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A Obchod zalo\u017een\u00fd na syst\u00e9mu prodeje z ruky do ruky<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B Obchod vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed internetov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de B, je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee r\u016fzn\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed modely, jako jsou &#8220;internetov\u00e9 obchody&#8221; jako Amazon, &#8220;internetov\u00e9 aukce&#8221; jako Yahoo! Aukce, &#8220;cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby&#8221; pro software a reklamn\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed blogy a YouTube, jsou hluboko zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9 v na\u0161em ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A, &#8220;prodej z ruky do ruky&#8221;, je obchodn\u00ed transakce, kter\u00e1 roz\u0161i\u0159uje prodejn\u00ed organizaci do pyramidov\u00e9 struktury t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed jednotlivce, aby se stali prodejci, a pot\u00e9 je nech\u00e1 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit dal\u0161\u00ed prodejce. Je tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako &#8220;multi-level marketing (MLM)&#8221;, &#8220;multi-obchodn\u00ed metoda&#8221;, &#8220;s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd obchod&#8221; a podobn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9m obchod\u011b se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 mezi lidmi a proto\u017ee se z\u00e1kladn\u011b nespol\u00e9h\u00e1 na reklamu a prodejny, je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit prodejn\u00ed n\u00e1klady a p\u0159erozd\u011blit zisky na odm\u011bny pro prodejce a n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdvoj produkt\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nav\u00edc, kdy\u017e prodejce, kter\u00e9ho jste p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dili, dos\u00e1hne prodeje, \u010d\u00e1st z toho je rozd\u011blena v\u00e1m, tak\u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce prodejc\u016f, kter\u00e9 jste p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dili, tedy \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce prodejc\u016f je pod v\u00e1mi, t\u00edm v\u00edce se zvy\u0161uje va\u0161e odm\u011bna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezi spole\u010dnostmi, kter\u00e9 provozuj\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd obchod na celosv\u011btov\u00e9 \u00farovni, jsou dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad Amway, Natura Cosmeticos, Herbalife, Avon Products, ale v Japonsku jsou to tak\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti jako Pola Cosmetics, Menard, Noevir a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_to_retezovy_prodej_definicepozadavky\"><\/span>Co je to \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd prodej (definice\/po\u017eadavky)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o ur\u010dit\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch transakc\u00edch (japonsk\u00fd Z\u00e1kon o ur\u010dit\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch transakc\u00edch) definuje s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd obchod jako &#8220;\u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd prodej&#8221; n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Jedn\u00e1 se o podnik\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00e9 s prodejem zbo\u017e\u00ed (nebo poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm slu\u017eeb atd.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Osoba, kter\u00e1 prov\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159eprodej, prodej na z\u00e1klad\u011b smlouvy nebo zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed prodeje (nebo poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb nebo jejich zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u00e1k\u00e1 na z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho zisku<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prov\u00e1d\u00ed transakce spojen\u00e9 s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi n\u00e1klady (v\u010detn\u011b zm\u011bny obchodn\u00edch podm\u00ednek)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Agentura pro ochranu spot\u0159ebitel\u016f v Japonsku tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btluje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9ho prodeje n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;Pokud se p\u0159ipoj\u00edte k tomuto klubu, m\u016f\u017eete nakupovat zbo\u017e\u00ed se slevou 30% z prodejn\u00ed ceny, tak\u017ee pokud to prod\u00e1te n\u011bkomu jin\u00e9mu, vyd\u011bl\u00e1te na tom,&#8221; nebo &#8220;Pokud p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010d\u00edte n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho, aby se p\u0159ipojil, dostanete 10 000 jen\u016f (ur\u010dit\u00fd zisk) jako poplatek za doporu\u010den\u00ed,&#8221; atd., a pokud je pro proveden\u00ed transakce nutn\u00e9 n\u011bjak\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nad 1 jen, pak to spad\u00e1 pod &#8220;\u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd prodej&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Skute\u010dnost je mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a existuje mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f smluv, ale v\u0161echny, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pro proveden\u00ed transakce, bez ohledu na to, zda se jedn\u00e1 o \u010dlensk\u00e9 poplatky, z\u00e1lohy, vzorky zbo\u017e\u00ed, zbo\u017e\u00ed atd., spadaj\u00ed pod &#8220;\u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd prodej&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Zdroj: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.no-trouble.caa.go.jp\/what\/multilevelmarketing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Agentura pro ochranu spot\u0159ebitel\u016f &#8211; Pr\u016fvodce ur\u010dit\u00fdmi obchodn\u00edmi transakcemi[ja]<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Regulace_retezoveho_prodeje\"><\/span>Regulace \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9ho prodeje<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o ur\u010dit\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch transakc\u00edch ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed povinnosti osob\u00e1m prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd prodej za \u00fa\u010delem ochrany spot\u0159ebitel\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Povinnost_uvest_jmeno_atd_clanek_33_odst_2\"><\/span>Povinnost uv\u00e9st jm\u00e9no atd. (\u010dl\u00e1nek 33 odst. 2)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9ho prodeje mus\u00edte spot\u0159ebiteli p\u0159ed n\u00e1vrhem na uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy sd\u011blit n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed informace:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Jm\u00e9no (n\u00e1zev) osoby, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 skute\u010dnou kontrolu nad \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fdm prodejem (\u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed osoba), nebo osoby, kter\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00ed n\u00e1vrh na uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy se spot\u0159ebitelem (v\u010detn\u011b \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed osoby)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00da\u010del n\u00e1vrhu na uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy, kter\u00fd zahrnuje finan\u010dn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Typ zbo\u017e\u00ed nebo slu\u017eby souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s t\u00edmto n\u00e1vrhem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Povinnost_uvest_informace_pri_reklame_clanek_35\"><\/span>Povinnost uv\u00e9st informace p\u0159i reklam\u011b (\u010dl\u00e1nek 35)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i reklam\u011b na \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd prodej mus\u00edte uv\u00e9st n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed informace:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Typ zbo\u017e\u00ed (slu\u017eby)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Informace o finan\u010dn\u00edm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed spot\u0159ebitele spojen\u00e9m s transakc\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud reklamujete odm\u011bnu z\u00edskanou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u00e1vrhu jin\u00e9 osoby, mus\u00edte uv\u00e9st metodu v\u00fdpo\u010dtu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jm\u00e9no (n\u00e1zev), adresa a telefonn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed osoby atd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed osoba atd. je pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 osoba a reklamu prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed elektronick\u00e9ho informa\u010dn\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, jm\u00e9no z\u00e1stupce nebo osoby odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd prodej<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00e1zev zbo\u017e\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud odes\u00edl\u00e1te reklamu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm e-mailu, e-mailovou adresu \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed osoby atd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Povinnost_predat_pisemnou_dokumentaci_clanek_37\"><\/span>Povinnost p\u0159edat p\u00edsemnou dokumentaci (\u010dl\u00e1nek 37)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Osoba prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd prodej mus\u00ed p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy o \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9m prodeji p\u0159edat spot\u0159ebiteli n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed dva typy dokument\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159ed uzav\u0159en\u00edm smlouvy: Souhrnn\u00fd dokument (dokument popisuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ehled dan\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9ho prodeje)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Po uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy: Smluvn\u00ed dokument (dokument jasn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed obsah smlouvy)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v smluvn\u00edm dokumentu uvedeno &#8220;Odstoupen\u00ed od smlouvy (Cooling-off)&#8221; v \u010derven\u00e9m r\u00e1me\u010dku \u010derven\u00fdm p\u00edsmem a velikost p\u00edsma mus\u00ed b\u00fdt alespo\u0148 8 bod\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_nekonecny_retezovy_system_definice_a_pozadavky\"><\/span>Co je nekone\u010dn\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd syst\u00e9m (definice a po\u017eadavky)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/netbusiness-chain-referral3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-44314\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u010casto se zam\u011b\u0148uje s prodejem v \u0159et\u011bzci, ale existuje tak\u00e9 &#8220;nekone\u010dn\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd syst\u00e9m (takzvan\u00fd pyramidov\u00fd syst\u00e9m)&#8221;, kter\u00fd je definov\u00e1n v &#8220;z\u00e1kon\u011b o prevenci nekone\u010dn\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu&#8221; (Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o prevenci nekone\u010dn\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu) n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee po\u010det \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed pen\u00edze nebo zbo\u017e\u00ed, se nekone\u010dn\u011b zvy\u0161uje<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Osoby, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ipojily d\u0159\u00edve, jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za p\u0159ednostn\u00ed, a ty, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ipojily pozd\u011bji v \u0159et\u011bzci, kter\u00fd se postupn\u011b zvy\u0161uje alespo\u0148 dvojn\u00e1sobn\u011b, jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;Organizace pro distribuci pen\u011bz nebo zbo\u017e\u00ed&#8221;, kde p\u0159ednostn\u00ed osoby p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed pen\u00edze nebo zbo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00ed hodnotu nebo mno\u017estv\u00ed pen\u011bz nebo zbo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 poskytli, od t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed se p\u0159ipojili pozd\u011bji<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad, osoba, kter\u00e1 se nejd\u0159\u00edve p\u0159ipoj\u00ed k nekone\u010dn\u00e9mu \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu, p\u0159ivede dv\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed osoby, kter\u00e9 se pot\u00e9 p\u0159ipoj\u00ed, a tyto dv\u011b osoby pot\u00e9 p\u0159ivedou dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b osoby, a tak d\u00e1le, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se po\u010det \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f neust\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pot\u00e9, co p\u0159ednostn\u00ed osoby z\u00edskaj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 pen\u00edze nebo zbo\u017e\u00ed v ur\u010dit\u00e9m \u010dase, opust\u00ed organizaci, a to sam\u00e9 plat\u00ed pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se p\u0159ipojili pozd\u011bji, kte\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 z\u00edskaj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 pen\u00edze nebo zbo\u017e\u00ed v ur\u010dit\u00e9m \u010dase a postupn\u011b opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed organizaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u010dkoli se to v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladu m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t bez probl\u00e9m\u016f, nekone\u010dn\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd syst\u00e9m p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 nekone\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst po\u010dtu \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f, a je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee v ur\u010dit\u00e9m bod\u011b se z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f zastav\u00ed a syst\u00e9m se zhrout\u00ed, co\u017e je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d je to zak\u00e1z\u00e1no z\u00e1konem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozdil_mezi_obema\"><\/span>Rozd\u00edl mezi ob\u011bma<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozd\u00edl mezi s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdm marketingem (networkov\u00fdm obchodem) a pyramidov\u00fdmi sch\u00e9maty (nezmi k\u00f3) lze jasn\u011b rozli\u0161it z jejich definic\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd obchod: Podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 prod\u00e1v\u00e1 zbo\u017e\u00ed (nebo poskytuje slu\u017eby atd.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nezmi k\u00f3: Organizace, kter\u00e1 distribuuje pen\u00edze nebo zbo\u017e\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, &#8220;s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd obchod&#8221; z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 a distribuuje odm\u011bny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obchodn\u00edch aktivit, jako je prodej zbo\u017e\u00ed nebo poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb, zat\u00edmco &#8220;nezmi k\u00f3&#8221; z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 a distribuuje odm\u011bny prost\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010dlensk\u00fdch poplatk\u016f a podobn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kdy_se_retezovy_prodej_stava_nelegalnim\"><\/span>Kdy se \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd prodej st\u00e1v\u00e1 neleg\u00e1ln\u00edm?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0158et\u011bzov\u00fd prodej se st\u00e1v\u00e1 neleg\u00e1ln\u00edm v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnost\u00ed uveden\u00fdch v p\u0159edchoz\u00ed sekci &#8220;Regulace \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9ho prodeje&#8221;, jako je \u2460 povinnost uv\u00e9st jm\u00e9no a dal\u0161\u00ed informace, \u2461 povinnost uv\u00e9st informace p\u0159i reklam\u011b a \u2462 povinnost poskytnout p\u00edsemnou dokumentaci, a tak\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy je proveden n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010din zak\u00e1zan\u00fd japonsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem o specifick\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch transakc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zakazane_ciny_clanek_34\"><\/span>Zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 \u010diny (\u010dl\u00e1nek 34)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9ho prodeje je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no prov\u00e1d\u011bt n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010diny p\u0159i nab\u00edzen\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li>Nesd\u011blit skute\u010dnosti t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se kvality zbo\u017e\u00ed, v\u00fdkonu, specifick\u00fdch v\u00fdhod, specifick\u00fdch z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed, podm\u00ednek pro zru\u0161en\u00ed smlouvy a dal\u0161\u00edch d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed p\u0159i nab\u00edzen\u00ed nebo po uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo jej\u00edmu zru\u0161en\u00ed, nebo sd\u011blit n\u011bco, co se li\u0161\u00ed od skute\u010dnosti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u0159i nab\u00edzen\u00ed nebo po uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy zastra\u0161ovat druhou stranu, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo jej\u00edmu zru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nab\u00edzet uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy o transakci s konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b, kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9, spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed byli p\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1ni metodou, kter\u00e1 neuv\u00e1d\u00ed \u00fa\u010del nab\u00eddky (metoda podobn\u00e1 takzvan\u00e9mu catch sales nebo appointment sales).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zakaz_prehnane_reklamy_clanek_36\"><\/span>Z\u00e1kaz p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 reklamy (\u010dl\u00e1nek 36)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i reklam\u011b na \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd prodej je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no uv\u00e1d\u011bt &#8220;v\u00fdrazn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 od skute\u010dnosti&#8221; nebo &#8220;v\u00fdrazn\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed nebo v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e skute\u010dnost, co\u017e by mohlo v\u00e9st k omylu&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zakaz_poskytovani_reklamy_prostrednictvim_e-mailu_bez_souhlasu_clanek_36_odstavec_3\"><\/span>Z\u00e1kaz poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed reklamy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm e-mailu bez souhlasu (\u010dl\u00e1nek 36, odstavec 3)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o specifick\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch transakc\u00edch zakazuje zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed reklamy na \u0159et\u011bzov\u00fd prodej prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm e-mailu spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed nesouhlasili s odesl\u00e1n\u00edm e-mailu, ale n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady jsou vylou\u010deny z regulace:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Reklama souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s &#8220;uzav\u0159en\u00edm smlouvy&#8221;, &#8220;potvrzen\u00edm objedn\u00e1vky&#8221;, &#8220;ozn\u00e1men\u00edm o odesl\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reklama v newsletteru<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reklama p\u0159ipojen\u00e1 k bezplatn\u00e9mu e-mailu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud chcete v\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o ustanoven\u00edch japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o specifick\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch transakc\u00edch t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se internetov\u00fdch obchod\u016f, pod\u00edvejte se na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek spolu s t\u00edmto \u010dl\u00e1nkem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/onlineshop-act-on-specified-commercial-transactions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/onlineshop-act-on-specified-commercial-transactions[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/netbusiness-chain-referral4.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-44315\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd obchod s\u00e1m o sob\u011b je leg\u00e1ln\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed od pyramidov\u00fdch sch\u00e9mat a podobn\u00fdch, ale \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm zlomysln\u00fdmi podnikateli neust\u00e1le pokra\u010duj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto jsou k dispozici opat\u0159en\u00ed, jako je \u017e\u00e1dost o z\u00e1kaz proti podnikatel\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed se dopou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed nebo existuje obava, \u017ee by se jich mohli dopustit, a proti poru\u0161itel\u016fm jsou k dispozici administrativn\u00ed sankce a tresty, jako jsou pokyny k vylep\u0161en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edkazy k zastaven\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a z\u00e1kazy podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se chyst\u00e1te provozovat obchod na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9ho prodeje, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, abyste neporu\u0161ili regulace a z\u00e1kazy stanoven\u00e9 z\u00e1konem. M\u00edsto toho, abyste se rozhodovali sami, doporu\u010dujeme se p\u0159edem poradit s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 bohat\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 znalosti a zku\u0161enosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolis je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed s vysokou odbornost\u00ed v oblasti IT, zejm\u00e9na internetu a pr\u00e1va. Probl\u00e9my souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s podnik\u00e1n\u00edm v s\u00edti se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed velk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem a pot\u0159eba pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kontroly se st\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 analyzuje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed rizika souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s podnik\u00e1n\u00edm, kter\u00e9 bylo zah\u00e1jeno nebo se pl\u00e1nuje zah\u00e1jit, s ohledem na r\u016fzn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy, a sna\u017e\u00ed se legalizovat podnik\u00e1n\u00ed co nejv\u00edce bez jeho zastaven\u00ed. Podrobnosti jsou uvedeny v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/practices\/corporate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/practices\/corporate[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee jste sly\u0161eli zpr\u00e1vy o tom, jak n\u011bkdo byl p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den bl\u00edzkou osobou s l\u00e1kav\u00fdmi sliby &#8220;snadno vyd\u011blat pen\u00edze&#8221; nebo &#8220;ur\u010dit\u011b zbohatnout&#8221;, uzav\u0159el smlouvu a zaplatil cenu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":64074,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[25,24],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60974"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60974"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64075,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60974\/revisions\/64075"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64074"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}