{"id":60999,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:20","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=60999"},"modified":"2024-06-12T18:29:14","modified_gmt":"2024-06-12T09:29:14","slug":"ai-intellectual-property","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property","title":{"rendered":"Jak jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bna du\u0161evn\u00ed pr\u00e1va p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji AI? \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed ot\u00e1zek autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V\u00fdvoj AI (um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence) je v posledn\u00edch letech pozoruhodn\u00fd, zejm\u00e9na technologick\u00e9 inovace zalo\u017een\u00e9 na hlubok\u00e9m u\u010den\u00ed, jako je Siri na iPhone nebo technologie pro autonomn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, maj\u00ed velk\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos pro n\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot. Nav\u00edc se objevilo mnoho p\u0159edtr\u00e9novan\u00fdch model\u016f, jako jsou GPT-3 nebo BERT, a v\u00fdvoj AI je v\u00fdrazn\u00fd i v oblastech jako je zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho jazyka nebo generov\u00e1n\u00ed obr\u00e1zk\u016f. Po\u010det spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u00fdvojem AI vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed tyto technologie, prudce roste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb pomoc\u00ed AI je v procesu jej\u00edho v\u00fdvoje pot\u0159eba obrovsk\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed a hromad\u011bn\u00ed know-how, a ot\u00e1zkou je, jak toto chr\u00e1nit pr\u00e1vn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na vysv\u011btlen\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, kter\u00e1 jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed poskytovat slu\u017eby vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed AI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#Jak_souvisi_AI_byznys_a_pravo_dusevniho_vlastnictvi\" title=\"Jak souvis\u00ed AI byznys a pr\u00e1vo du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed?\">Jak souvis\u00ed AI byznys a pr\u00e1vo du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#Struktura_AI\" title=\"Struktura AI\">Struktura AI<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#AI_byznys_a_pravo_dusevniho_vlastnictvi\" title=\"AI byznys a pr\u00e1vo du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed\">AI byznys a pr\u00e1vo du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#Ochrana_dat_pro_uceni_v_AI_obchode\" title=\"Ochrana dat pro u\u010den\u00ed v AI obchod\u011b\">Ochrana dat pro u\u010den\u00ed v AI obchod\u011b<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#Ochrana_podle_autorskeho_prava\" title=\"Ochrana podle autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Ochrana podle autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#Ochrana_podle_patentoveho_prava\" title=\"Ochrana podle patentov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Ochrana podle patentov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#Ochrana_ucebnich_programu_v_AI_obchode\" title=\"Ochrana u\u010debn\u00edch program\u016f v AI obchod\u011b\">Ochrana u\u010debn\u00edch program\u016f v AI obchod\u011b<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#Ochrana_podle_autorskeho_prava-2\" title=\"Ochrana podle autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Ochrana podle autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#Ochrana_podle_patentoveho_prava-2\" title=\"Ochrana podle patentov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Ochrana podle patentov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#Ochrana_predtrenovanych_modelu_v_AI_obchode\" title=\"Ochrana p\u0159edtr\u00e9novan\u00fdch model\u016f v AI obchod\u011b\">Ochrana p\u0159edtr\u00e9novan\u00fdch model\u016f v AI obchod\u011b<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#Ochrana_podle_autorskeho_prava-3\" title=\"Ochrana podle autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Ochrana podle autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#Ochrana_podle_patentoveho_prava-3\" title=\"Ochrana podle patentov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Ochrana podle patentov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#Ochrana_vysledku_vytvorenych_naucenymi_modely\" title=\"Ochrana v\u00fdsledk\u016f vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch nau\u010den\u00fdmi modely\">Ochrana v\u00fdsledk\u016f vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch nau\u010den\u00fdmi modely<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#Problemy_s_ochranou_del_vytvorenych_AI\" title=\"Probl\u00e9my s ochranou d\u011bl vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch AI\">Probl\u00e9my s ochranou d\u011bl vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch AI<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#Problemy_pri_priznani_stejnych_prav_dilum_vytvorenym_AI\" title=\"Probl\u00e9my p\u0159i p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v d\u00edl\u016fm vytvo\u0159en\u00fdm AI\">Probl\u00e9my p\u0159i p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v d\u00edl\u016fm vytvo\u0159en\u00fdm AI<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#Problemy_pri_nepriznani_zadnych_prav_dilum_vytvorenym_AI\" title=\"Probl\u00e9my p\u0159i nep\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v d\u00edl\u016fm vytvo\u0159en\u00fdm AI\">Probl\u00e9my p\u0159i nep\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v d\u00edl\u016fm vytvo\u0159en\u00fdm AI<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#Shrnuti_V_pripade_dusevniho_vlastnictvi_AI_se_poradte_s_pravnikem\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed: V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed AI se pora\u010fte s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem\">Shrnut\u00ed: V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed AI se pora\u010fte s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/ai-intellectual-property\/#Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jak_souvisi_AI_byznys_a_pravo_dusevniho_vlastnictvi\"><\/span>Jak souvis\u00ed AI byznys a pr\u00e1vo du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/shutterstock_2102809798.jpg\" alt=\"Jak souvis\u00ed AI byznys a pr\u00e1vo du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed?\" class=\"wp-image-54018\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>AI byznys vy\u017eaduje v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed a know-how p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed AI program\u016f. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nejen chr\u00e1nit v\u00fdsledky, ale tak\u00e9 proces jejich vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed jako du\u0161evn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Struktura_AI\"><\/span>Struktura AI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>AI, neboli um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence, je pokus o um\u011bl\u00e9 vytvo\u0159en\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 inteligence pomoc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proces u\u010den\u00ed AI je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Sb\u011br a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed &#8220;tr\u00e9ninkov\u00fdch dat&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vstup do tr\u00e9ninkov\u00e9ho programu pro automatick\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00fdvoj modelu, kter\u00fd odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdsledky opakovan\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AI produkuje v\u00fdsledky<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento proces, kdy se AI u\u010d\u00ed z dat, se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 &#8220;strojov\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed&#8221;, a jednou z jeho konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch metod je hlubok\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed. Hlubok\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00edcevrstvou strukturu napodobuj\u00edc\u00ed lidsk\u00fd mozek (neuronovou s\u00ed\u0165), co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje extrahovat charakteristiky z komplexn\u00edch dat podobn\u011b, jak se lid\u00e9 u\u010d\u00ed zku\u0161enostmi, a dos\u00e1hnout tak v\u00fdkonu, kter\u00fd byl d\u0159\u00edve nemo\u017en\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"AI_byznys_a_pravo_dusevniho_vlastnictvi\"><\/span>AI byznys a pr\u00e1vo du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V AI byznysu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nejen chr\u00e1nit v\u00fdsledky, ale tak\u00e9 proces jejich vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kde se hromad\u00ed know-how a n\u00e1klady. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zjistit, jakou ochranu m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout pr\u00e1vo du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed v ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1zi procesu. Du\u0161evn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed se vztahuje na v\u00fdtvory lidsk\u00e9 tvorby, jako jsou d\u00edla a vyn\u00e1lezy, a pr\u00e1vo du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed je obecn\u00fd n\u00e1zev pro z\u00e1kony, kter\u00e9 je upravuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ze v\u0161eho nejv\u00edce se v AI byznysu zam\u011b\u0159uje na to, jakou ochranu mohou poskytnout autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo a patentov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdvoj AI nejen\u017ee zahrnuje hotov\u00fd tr\u00e9ninkov\u00fd model a jeho v\u00fdsledky, ale tak\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed procesy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed hodnotu, a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ohledn\u011b jejich pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrany rostou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Sb\u011br a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed tr\u00e9ninkov\u00fdch dat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tr\u00e9ninkov\u00fd program<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vytvo\u0159en\u00fd tr\u00e9ninkov\u00fd model<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00fdsledky generovan\u00e9 tr\u00e9ninkov\u00fdm modelem<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Nyn\u00ed se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s t\u011bmito \u010dty\u0159mi f\u00e1zemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ochrana_dat_pro_uceni_v_AI_obchode\"><\/span>Ochrana dat pro u\u010den\u00ed v AI obchod\u011b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/shutterstock_1828596251.jpg\" alt=\"Ochrana dat pro u\u010den\u00ed v AI obchod\u011b\" class=\"wp-image-54020\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Data pro u\u010den\u00ed jsou surov\u00e1 data shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1 v p\u0159edstadiu strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed AI, jako jsou obr\u00e1zky nebo videa, kter\u00e1 jsou zpracov\u00e1na pro u\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 &#8220;Garbage in, garbage out&#8221; (kdy\u017e do n\u011bj vlo\u017e\u00edte odpadky, vyjde odpadky), nen\u00ed nads\u00e1zka \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee data pro u\u010den\u00ed ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed kvalitu v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho produktu. Proto se st\u00e1v\u00e1 probl\u00e9mem pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrana dat pro u\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/scraping-datacollection-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Co je to scraping? Vysv\u011btlujeme pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my obl\u00edben\u00e9 metody sb\u011bru dat[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ochrana_podle_autorskeho_prava\"><\/span>Ochrana podle autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud jsou data pro u\u010den\u00ed samy o sob\u011b &#8220;kreativn\u00ed&#8221;, jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bny autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem jako &#8220;datab\u00e1zov\u00e9 d\u00edlo&#8221; (<a href=\"https:\/\/elaws.e-gov.go.jp\/document?lawid=345AC0000000048\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u010dl\u00e1nek 12 odstavec 2 bod 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu[ja]<\/a>). Autorsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon definuje &#8220;datab\u00e1zi&#8221; jako &#8220;soubor informac\u00ed, jako jsou \u010dl\u00e1nky, \u010d\u00edsla, diagramy a dal\u0161\u00ed informace, kter\u00e9 jsou systematicky uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny tak, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 je vyhled\u00e1vat pomoc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na tomto z\u00e1klad\u011b mus\u00ed b\u00fdt kreativita uzn\u00e1na ve v\u00fdb\u011bru dat nebo v uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nebo systematick\u00e9 struktu\u0159e dat. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud jsou informace jako adresa z\u00e1kazn\u00edka, jm\u00e9no a telefonn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo jednodu\u0161e se\u0159azeny podle abecedy, nejsou uzn\u00e1ny jako &#8220;datab\u00e1zov\u00e9 d\u00edlo&#8221;, ale pokud je uzn\u00e1na kreativita ve zp\u016fsobu v\u00fdb\u011bru t\u011bchto informac\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1no autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ochrana_podle_patentoveho_prava\"><\/span>Ochrana podle patentov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Data pro u\u010den\u00ed&#8221; mohou b\u00fdt, pokud maj\u00ed novost a pokrok v struktu\u0159e jako &#8220;v\u011bci podobn\u00e9 programu&#8221;, potenci\u00e1ln\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bny podle patentov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va jako &#8220;vyn\u00e1lez v\u011bci&#8221; (<a href=\"https:\/\/elaws.e-gov.go.jp\/document?lawid=334AC0000000121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u010dl\u00e1nek 2 odstavec 3 bod 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho patentov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona[ja]<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Patentov\u00fd z\u00e1kon definuje vyn\u00e1lez jako &#8220;vysokou \u00farove\u0148 tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edho technick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed z\u00e1kony&#8221; a rozd\u011bluje ho do n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed typ\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1 Vyn\u00e1lez &#8220;v\u011bci (v\u010detn\u011b program\u016f)&#8221;<br>2 Vyn\u00e1lez &#8220;metody&#8221;<br>3 Vyn\u00e1lez &#8220;metody&#8221; pro v\u00fdrobu &#8220;v\u011bci&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, obecn\u011b se nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee data pro u\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou akumulac\u00ed informac\u00ed, spl\u0148uj\u00ed po\u017eadavky na &#8220;vyn\u00e1lez v\u011bci&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ochrana_ucebnich_programu_v_AI_obchode\"><\/span>Ochrana u\u010debn\u00edch program\u016f v AI obchod\u011b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>U\u010debn\u00ed program je program, kter\u00fd identifikuje ur\u010ditou pravidelnost z na\u010dten\u00fdch u\u010debn\u00edch dat a nech\u00e1 ji prov\u00e9st po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem. Struktura neuronov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b a podobn\u00e9 prvky mohou b\u00fdt zad\u00e1ny jako program, a proto mohou b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bny jak autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem, tak patentov\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ochrana_podle_autorskeho_prava-2\"><\/span>Ochrana podle autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud m\u00e1 u\u010debn\u00ed program ur\u010ditou slo\u017eitost, je chr\u00e1n\u011bn jako &#8220;d\u00edlo programu&#8221; podle autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Japonsk\u00fd \u00da\u0159ad pro kulturn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti definuje &#8220;d\u00edlo&#8221; n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Je vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edm my\u0161lenek nebo emoc\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Je vyj\u00e1d\u0159eno kreativn\u011b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pat\u0159\u00ed do oblasti literatury, v\u011bdy, um\u011bn\u00ed nebo hudby<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby se u\u010debn\u00ed program stal d\u00edlem, je t\u0159eba, aby byla kreativn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159ena osobnost nebo emoce autora a aby m\u011bl ur\u010ditou slo\u017eitou strukturu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ochrana_podle_patentoveho_prava-2\"><\/span>Ochrana podle patentov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby byl u\u010debn\u00ed program chr\u00e1n\u011bn podle patentov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, je t\u0159eba &#8220;pokrok&#8221;. Na rozd\u00edl od autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed ochrany podle patentov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va je t\u0159eba podat \u017e\u00e1dost na Patentov\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad, kde se posuzuje &#8220;pokrok&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud byl program B vyvinut pomoc\u00ed ji\u017e zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9ho programu A, pro ochranu programu B podle patentov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va je t\u0159eba &#8220;pokrok&#8221;, kter\u00fd nelze jednodu\u0161e dos\u00e1hnout pouze zm\u011bnou kombinace prost\u0159edk\u016f\/metod programu A (<a href=\"https:\/\/elaws.e-gov.go.jp\/document?lawid=334AC0000000121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u010dl\u00e1nek 29 odstavec 2 Japonsk\u00e9ho patentov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona[ja]<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ochrana_predtrenovanych_modelu_v_AI_obchode\"><\/span>Ochrana p\u0159edtr\u00e9novan\u00fdch model\u016f v AI obchod\u011b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159edtr\u00e9novan\u00fd model je program vytvo\u0159en\u00fd na z\u00e1klad\u011b dat ur\u010den\u00fdch pro v\u00fduku AI. Nap\u0159\u00edklad GPT (Generative Pretrained Transformer), kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v ChatGPT, je p\u0159edtr\u00e9novan\u00fd model pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho jazyka, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159edem nau\u010den pomoc\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed textov\u00fdch dat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159edtr\u00e9novan\u00e9 modely jsou tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm du\u0161evn\u00edm vlastnictv\u00edm v AI obchod\u011b, a proto je nutn\u00e1 jejich ochrana z\u00e1konem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ochrana_podle_autorskeho_prava-3\"><\/span>Ochrana podle autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud p\u0159edtr\u00e9novan\u00fd model spad\u00e1 do kategorie &#8220;programov\u00e9 d\u00edlo&#8221;, je chr\u00e1n\u011bn autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem. To vy\u017eaduje individualitu a kreativitu in\u017een\u00fdra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na p\u0159\u00edklad, zat\u00edmco rom\u00e1n je autorsk\u00fdm d\u00edlem, japonsk\u00e9 slova a gramatika, kter\u00e9 ho tvo\u0159\u00ed, nejsou chr\u00e1n\u011bny autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem. P\u0159edtr\u00e9novan\u00fd model, kter\u00fd je pouze seznamem programovac\u00edch jazyk\u016f, nen\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ochrana_podle_patentoveho_prava-3\"><\/span>Ochrana podle patentov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159edtr\u00e9novan\u00fdm model\u016fm se obecn\u011b nep\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 patentov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo. Jsou to pouze data a funkce, kter\u00e9 nespadaj\u00ed do kategorie tvorby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro ochranu podle patentov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va mus\u00ed b\u00fdt d\u00edlo pokrokov\u00e9, nov\u00e9 a mus\u00ed spadat do kategorie &#8220;vyn\u00e1lez v\u011bci (programu atd.)&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ochrana_vysledku_vytvorenych_naucenymi_modely\"><\/span>Ochrana v\u00fdsledk\u016f vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch nau\u010den\u00fdmi modely<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/shutterstock_2189993837.jpg\" alt=\"Ochrana v\u00fdsledk\u016f vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch nau\u010den\u00fdmi modely\" class=\"wp-image-54017\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdsledky vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 nau\u010den\u00fdmi modely jsou uzn\u00e1v\u00e1ny jako d\u00edla, pokud tv\u016frce m\u00e1 z\u00e1m\u011br vytvo\u0159it d\u00edlo a p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 kreativitou k jeho vytvo\u0159en\u00ed. Stejn\u011b tak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1no patentov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, v z\u00e1vislosti na m\u00ed\u0159e kreativn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je nau\u010den\u00fd model pouze n\u00e1strojem pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed d\u011bl. Proto pr\u00e1va na autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo a patentov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo na v\u00fdsledky dr\u017e\u00ed ne v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i syst\u00e9mu, ale jednotliv\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Naopak, pokud u\u017eivatel nep\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 kreativitou a AI se u\u010d\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u011bci sama, jsou tyto v\u00fdsledky pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za &#8220;AI d\u00edla&#8221; a nejsou p\u0159edm\u011btem autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. To je proto, \u017ee AI, kter\u00e1 nem\u00e1 my\u0161lenky ani emoce, nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ud\u011blena autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va na v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stejn\u011b tak, z t\u00fdch\u017e d\u016fvod\u016f, patentov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va ud\u011blovan\u00e1 &#8220;vyn\u00e1lezci&#8221; nemohou b\u00fdt ud\u011blena AI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/copyright-machine-learning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Je proch\u00e1zen\u00ed obr\u00e1zk\u016f na internetu poru\u0161en\u00edm autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v? Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Problemy_s_ochranou_del_vytvorenych_AI\"><\/span>Probl\u00e9my s ochranou d\u011bl vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch AI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee je st\u00e1le t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed rozli\u0161it mezi d\u00edly vytvo\u0159en\u00fdmi lidmi a d\u00edly vytvo\u0159en\u00fdmi AI, existuj\u00ed obavy z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f z hlediska ochrany d\u011bl vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch AI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Problemy_pri_priznani_stejnych_prav_dilum_vytvorenym_AI\"><\/span>Probl\u00e9my p\u0159i p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v d\u00edl\u016fm vytvo\u0159en\u00fdm AI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud bychom p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee d\u00edl\u016fm vytvo\u0159en\u00fdm AI by byla p\u0159izn\u00e1na autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a ochrana autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, je upozor\u0148ov\u00e1no na mo\u017enost, \u017ee vzhledem k vysok\u00e9 produktivit\u011b AI by mohlo doj\u00edt k explozivn\u00edmu n\u00e1r\u016fstu d\u011bl s pr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V d\u016fsledku toho by mohlo doj\u00edt k monopolizaci informac\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i nebo tv\u016frci, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat um\u011blou inteligenci, a existuj\u00ed obavy, \u017ee jednotliv\u00ed tv\u016frci by mohli b\u00fdt vylou\u010deni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Problemy_pri_nepriznani_zadnych_prav_dilum_vytvorenym_AI\"><\/span>Probl\u00e9my p\u0159i nep\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v d\u00edl\u016fm vytvo\u0159en\u00fdm AI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Naopak, pokud by d\u00edl\u016fm vytvo\u0159en\u00fdm AI nebyla p\u0159izn\u00e1na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, mohlo by doj\u00edt k \u010dast\u00e9mu &#8220;free-riding&#8221;, kdy by t\u0159et\u00ed strany mohly voln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat AI, i kdy\u017e by do jej\u00edho v\u00fdvoje bylo vlo\u017eeno mnoho \u00fasil\u00ed a n\u00e1klad\u016f. To by mohlo v\u00e9st k odn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed motivace pro v\u00fdzkum AI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V d\u016fsledku toho by se mohlo st\u00e1t, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce by lid\u00e9 cht\u011bli z\u00edskat autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va nebo patentov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, t\u00edm v\u00edce by se sna\u017eili sn\u00ed\u017eit zapojen\u00ed AI do tvorby d\u011bl, aby nebyla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za &#8220;d\u00edla vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 AI&#8221;. To by mohlo v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee by se v\u00fdvoj a vyu\u017eit\u00ed technologi\u00ed AI zastavilo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti_V_pripade_dusevniho_vlastnictvi_AI_se_poradte_s_pravnikem\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed: V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed AI se pora\u010fte s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Du\u0161evn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed v r\u00e1mci v\u00fdvoje AI je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dvou hledisek:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Ochrana AI programu generuj\u00edc\u00edho v\u00fdsledky<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ochrana v\u00fdsledk\u016f generovan\u00fdch AI programem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V ka\u017ed\u00e9m procesu je pro uzn\u00e1n\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v nutn\u00e1 kreativita a slo\u017eitost d\u00edla, zat\u00edmco pro uzn\u00e1n\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v jsou po\u017eadavky na novost a pokrok. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi jsou v\u0161ak &#8220;AI d\u00edla&#8221; vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 AI samotnou bez dozoru mimo ochranu du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nejsou jasn\u011b stanoveny pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy ani pravidla a vl\u00e1da pl\u00e1nuje rozv\u00edjet pravidla s ohledem na budouc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj AI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se chyst\u00e1te za\u010d\u00edt s AI podnik\u00e1n\u00edm, doporu\u010dujeme se poradit s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 odborn\u00e9 znalosti jak v oblasti du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed, tak v oblasti AI podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, a to s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k sou\u010dasn\u00e9 situaci a budouc\u00edm trend\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 s bohat\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi v oblasti IT, zejm\u00e9na internetu a pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obchod s AI p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed mnoho pr\u00e1vn\u00edch rizik a je nezbytn\u00e9 m\u00edt podporu pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou dob\u0159e obezn\u00e1meni s pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi probl\u00e9my t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edmi se AI. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 poskytuje pokro\u010dilou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed podporu pro obchod s AI, v\u010detn\u011b ChatGPT, t\u00fdmem pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f a in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou dob\u0159e obezn\u00e1meni s AI. Tato podpora zahrnuje tvorbu smluv, posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed legality obchodn\u00edch model\u016f, ochranu du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed soukrom\u00ed. Podrobnosti jsou uvedeny v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obory, kter\u00fdmi se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/artificial-intelligence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pr\u00e1vo AI (ChatGPT atd.)[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00fdvoj AI (um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence) je v posledn\u00edch letech pozoruhodn\u00fd, zejm\u00e9na technologick\u00e9 inovace zalo\u017een\u00e9 na hlubok\u00e9m u\u010den\u00ed, jako je Siri na iPhone nebo technologie pro autonomn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, maj\u00ed velk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edn [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":64188,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[77,19],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60999"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60999"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60999\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64505,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60999\/revisions\/64505"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60999"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60999"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60999"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}