{"id":61011,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:20","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61011"},"modified":"2024-03-29T16:24:28","modified_gmt":"2024-03-29T07:24:28","slug":"patent-infringement-judgment-criteria-case-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/patent-infringement-judgment-criteria-case-law","title":{"rendered":"Jak\u00e9 jsou krit\u00e9ria pro poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v? Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edkladech z praxe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Syst\u00e9m patent\u016f je re\u017eim, kter\u00fd st\u00e1t poskytuje lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bli k rozvoji pr\u016fmyslu sv\u00fdmi vyn\u00e1lezy, a to tak, \u017ee jim d\u00e1v\u00e1 &#8220;patentov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va&#8221;, kter\u00e1 jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed exkluzivn\u011b uplat\u0148ovat sv\u016fj vyn\u00e1lez v\u00fdm\u011bnou za jeho zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je patentovan\u00fd vyn\u00e1lez uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n bez opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v nebo opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, jedn\u00e1 se o poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde vysv\u011btlujeme, co konkr\u00e9tn\u011b znamen\u00e1 poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, a jak\u00e9 \u010diny jsou soudem pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/patent-infringement-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/patent-infringement-law[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/patent-infringement-judgment-criteria-case-law\/#Co_jsou_tri_typy_poruseni_patentovych_prav\" title=\"Co jsou t\u0159i typy poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v\">Co jsou t\u0159i typy poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/patent-infringement-judgment-criteria-case-law\/#Poruseni_textu\" title=\"Poru\u0161en\u00ed textu\">Poru\u0161en\u00ed textu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/patent-infringement-judgment-criteria-case-law\/#Rovne_poruseni\" title=\"Rovn\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed\">Rovn\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/patent-infringement-judgment-criteria-case-law\/#Neprime_poruseni\" title=\"Nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed\">Nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/patent-infringement-judgment-criteria-case-law\/#Pripady_poruseni_patentovych_prav\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpady poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v\">P\u0159\u00edpady poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/patent-infringement-judgment-criteria-case-law\/#Pripad_rezidencni_mapy\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad reziden\u010dn\u00ed mapy\">P\u0159\u00edpad reziden\u010dn\u00ed mapy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/patent-infringement-judgment-criteria-case-law\/#Pripad_kulickoveho_hridele\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad kuli\u010dkov\u00e9ho h\u0159\u00eddele\">P\u0159\u00edpad kuli\u010dkov\u00e9ho h\u0159\u00eddele<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/patent-infringement-judgment-criteria-case-law\/#Pripad_zarizeni_pro_odstraneni_cizich_teles\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro odstran\u011bn\u00ed ciz\u00edch t\u011bles\">P\u0159\u00edpad za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro odstran\u011bn\u00ed ciz\u00edch t\u011bles<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/patent-infringement-judgment-criteria-case-law\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_jsou_tri_typy_poruseni_patentovych_prav\"><\/span>Co jsou t\u0159i typy poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v se obecn\u011b d\u011bl\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 a nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed se d\u00e1le d\u011bl\u00ed na poru\u0161en\u00ed textu a rovnocenn\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Poru\u0161en\u00ed patentu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed (poru\u0161en\u00ed textu a rovnocenn\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nyn\u00ed vysv\u011btl\u00edme ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto t\u0159\u00ed typ\u016f poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Poruseni_textu\"><\/span>Poru\u0161en\u00ed textu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Technick\u00fd rozsah, ve kter\u00e9m je chr\u00e1n\u011bn patentovan\u00fd vyn\u00e1lez, je stanoven na z\u00e1klad\u011b popisu v rozsahu patentov\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dosti (naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 &#8220;n\u00e1roky&#8221;), kter\u00fd byl p\u0159edlo\u017een p\u0159i pod\u00e1n\u00ed patentov\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dosti \u0159editeli Japonsk\u00e9ho patentov\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu. Patentovan\u00fd vyn\u00e1lez je tvo\u0159en jako celek konstruk\u010dn\u00edmi prvky (elementy nezbytn\u00e9 pro identifikaci vyn\u00e1lezu) uveden\u00fdmi v n\u00e1roc\u00edch, a proto je pro zalo\u017een\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v nutn\u00e9, aby c\u00edlov\u00fd v\u00fdrobek nebo c\u00edlov\u00e1 metoda spl\u0148ovaly v\u0161echny konstruk\u010dn\u00ed prvky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud zp\u016fsob poru\u0161en\u00ed postr\u00e1d\u00e1 i jen \u010d\u00e1st konstruk\u010dn\u00edch prvk\u016f patentovan\u00e9ho vyn\u00e1lezu, poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v se nepova\u017euje za zalo\u017een\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 poru\u0161en\u00ed textu p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho poru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak patentovan\u00fd vyn\u00e1lez je technick\u00fd koncept (\u010dl\u00e1nek 2 odstavec 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho patentov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona), kter\u00fd je konkretizov\u00e1n popisem v rozsahu patentov\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dosti, a proto je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 pln\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159it technick\u00fd rozsah pomoc\u00ed textov\u00e9ho popisu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je text n\u00e1rok\u016f p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 striktn\u011b interpretov\u00e1n, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v snadno obejito, co\u017e by mohlo v\u00e9st k nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 ochran\u011b patentovan\u00e9ho vyn\u00e1lezu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto je technick\u00fd rozsah ur\u010den prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm interpretace textu uveden\u00e9ho v rozsahu patentov\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i interpretaci v\u00fdznamu term\u00edn\u016f uveden\u00fdch v rozsahu patentov\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dosti lze zohlednit popis a v\u00fdkresy p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00e9 k \u017e\u00e1dosti. P\u0159i interpretaci rozsahu pr\u00e1v mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 zohledn\u011bny pr\u016fb\u011bh pod\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dosti a ve\u0159ejn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 technologie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rovne_poruseni\"><\/span>Rovn\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Je nesm\u00edrn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 pro dr\u017eitele patentu p\u0159edv\u00eddat v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 formy poru\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by mohly nastat v budoucnosti, p\u0159i pod\u00e1n\u00ed patentov\u00e9 p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud by strana mohla snadno uniknout uplatn\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1v, jako je z\u00e1kaz, t\u00edm, \u017ee nahrad\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st konstrukce uveden\u00e9 v rozsahu patentov\u00e9ho po\u017eadavku materi\u00e1lem nebo technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se staly z\u0159ejm\u00e9 po pod\u00e1n\u00ed patentov\u00e9 p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ky, mohlo by to sn\u00ed\u017eit motivaci spole\u010dnosti k vyn\u00e1lez\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To by nejen bylo v rozporu s c\u00edlem patentov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fdm je p\u0159isp\u011bt k rozvoji pr\u016fmyslu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ochrany a podpory vyn\u00e1lez\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 by to bylo v rozporu se soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnost\u00ed a mohlo by v\u00e9st k naru\u0161en\u00ed principu rovnov\u00e1hy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto existuje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed princip, kter\u00fd se sna\u017e\u00ed zajistit n\u00e1le\u017eitou ochranu patentovan\u00fdch vyn\u00e1lez\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee roz\u0161i\u0159uje interpretaci textu uveden\u00e9ho v rozsahu patentov\u00e9ho po\u017eadavku, i kdy\u017e se obsah uveden\u00fd jako rozsah patentov\u00e9ho po\u017eadavku a obsah technologie, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159edm\u011btem sporu, li\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 teorie rovnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Teorie rovnosti nepovoluje neomezenou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou interpretaci technick\u00e9ho rozsahu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;I kdy\u017e existuj\u00ed rozd\u00edly mezi konstrukc\u00ed uvedenou v rozsahu patentov\u00e9ho po\u017eadavku a v\u00fdrobkem, u kter\u00e9ho se podez\u00edr\u00e1 na poru\u0161en\u00ed, pokud jsou spln\u011bny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed 4 po\u017eadavky, tento v\u00fdrobek je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za rovn\u00fd s konstrukc\u00ed uvedenou v rozsahu patentov\u00e9ho po\u017eadavku a je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed do technick\u00e9ho rozsahu patentovan\u00e9ho vyn\u00e1lezu.&#8221;<\/p>\n<cite>Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud, 24. \u00fanora 1998 (rok 1998)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto je teorie rovnosti, a p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy se uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u00e9to teorie, se obecn\u011b naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed rovn\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Rozd\u00edln\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st nen\u00ed podstatnou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed patentovan\u00e9ho vyn\u00e1lezu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edle patentovan\u00e9ho vyn\u00e1lezu i p\u0159i nahrazen\u00ed rozd\u00edln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti v c\u00edlov\u00e9m v\u00fdrobku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout stejn\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku a efektu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Osoba v oboru by mohla snadno p\u0159edv\u00eddat nahrazen\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 rozd\u00edln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b c\u00edlov\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Je to mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00edlov\u00fd v\u00fdrobek atd. nen\u00ed toto\u017en\u00fd s ve\u0159ejn\u011b zn\u00e1mou technologi\u00ed v dob\u011b pod\u00e1n\u00ed patentov\u00e9 p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ky patentovan\u00e9ho vyn\u00e1lezu, ani nen\u00ed n\u011bco, co by osoba v oboru mohla snadno odvodit z ve\u0159ejn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 technologie v dob\u011b pod\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>To je to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed okolnosti, jako je to, \u017ee c\u00edlov\u00fd v\u00fdrobek atd. byl v\u011bdom\u011b vylou\u010den z rozsahu patentov\u00e9ho po\u017eadavku v procesu pod\u00e1n\u00ed patentovan\u00e9ho vyn\u00e1lezu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud jsou spln\u011bny v\u0161echny tyto 4 po\u017eadavky, i kdy\u017e existuj\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti, kter\u00e9 nesouhlas\u00ed s konstruk\u010dn\u00edmi prvky, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b uzn\u00e1no poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Neprime_poruseni\"><\/span>Nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e \u010din nezahrnuje v\u0161echny specifick\u00e9 vyn\u00e1lezy uveden\u00e9 v rozsahu patentov\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dosti a nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tedy pova\u017eov\u00e1n za p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad dod\u00e1vka speci\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u00edl\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pouze v produktech poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edch patentov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, m\u00e1 velmi vysokou pravd\u011bpodobnost vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho poru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud by nebyla tato \u010dinnost nijak regulov\u00e1na, dr\u017eitel\u00e9 patent\u016f by byli bezmocn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di hrozb\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00fdch patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle japonsk\u00e9ho patentov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona (Patent Act) jsou ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed velmi vysokou pravd\u011bpodobnost vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho poru\u0161en\u00ed, pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v nebo v\u00fdhradn\u00edch prov\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edch pr\u00e1v. Toto se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed a zvy\u0161uje \u00fa\u010dinnost ochrany patentovan\u00fdch vyn\u00e1lez\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto ohledu japonsk\u00fd patentov\u00fd z\u00e1kon stanov\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek 101 japonsk\u00e9ho patentov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona (\u010cinnosti pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za poru\u0161en\u00ed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dinnosti jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za poru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v nebo v\u00fdhradn\u00edch prov\u00e1d\u011bc\u00edch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je patent ud\u011blen na vyn\u00e1lez t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00fdrobku, jedn\u00e1 se o \u010dinnost prov\u00e1d\u011bnou jako podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve v\u00fdrob\u011b, p\u0159evodu atd. nebo v nab\u00eddce p\u0159evodu atd. v\u00fdrobku pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho pouze pro v\u00fdrobu dan\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(2, 3 vynech\u00e1no)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je patent ud\u011blen na vyn\u00e1lez t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se metody, jedn\u00e1 se o \u010dinnost prov\u00e1d\u011bnou jako podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve v\u00fdrob\u011b, p\u0159evodu atd. nebo v nab\u00eddce p\u0159evodu atd. v\u00fdrobku pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho pouze pro pou\u017eit\u00ed dan\u00e9 metody<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak je to stanoveno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Body 1 a 4 lze pova\u017eovat za v podstat\u011b stejn\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed, ale &#8220;pouze&#8221; zde znamen\u00e1, \u017ee dan\u00fd v\u00fdrobek je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n pouze pro v\u00fdrobu p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho poru\u0161en\u00ed patentu nebo \u010dinnosti poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed patent, a &#8220;nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripady_poruseni_patentovych_prav\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpady poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u00edv\u00e1me se na skute\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v pro t\u0159i typy, kter\u00e9 jsme vysv\u011btlili.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_rezidencni_mapy\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad reziden\u010dn\u00ed mapy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/patent-infringement-judgment-criteria-case-law2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-33371\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy \u017ealobce, kter\u00fd obdr\u017eel pr\u00e1vo na v\u00fdhradn\u00ed realizaci patentu s n\u00e1zvem &#8220;Reziden\u010dn\u00ed mapa&#8221;, tvrdil, \u017ee elektronick\u00e1 mapa, kterou vytvo\u0159il a u\u017eivatel\u016fm poskytl na internetu ob\u017ealovan\u00fd Yahoo!, pat\u0159\u00ed do technick\u00e9ho rozsahu patentu, a po\u017eadoval od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed od ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V soudn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed byl vyn\u00e1lez v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rozd\u011blen na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u00ed prvky na z\u00e1klad\u011b rozsahu patentov\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dosti a popisu v detailn\u00edm popisu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>V reziden\u010dn\u00ed map\u011b,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 domy a budovy, krom\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a zn\u00e1m\u00fdch budov, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako referen\u010dn\u00ed body pro vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, se vynech\u00e1vaj\u00ed jm\u00e9na obyvatel a n\u00e1zvy budov a uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed se pouze polygony a \u010d\u00edsla dom\u016f a budov,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mapa je konstruov\u00e1na tak, \u017ee m\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00fd pohled d\u00edky kompresi m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ka\u017ed\u00e1 str\u00e1nka s touto mapou je rozd\u011blena na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 sekce,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>je zde p\u0159ipojen\u00fd index,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>v tomto indexu jsou v\u0161echny \u010d\u00edsla dom\u016f, kde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed reziden\u010dn\u00ed budovy uveden\u00e9 na map\u011b, uvedeny v p\u0159ehledu v souladu s \u010d\u00edsly str\u00e1nek a sekc\u00ed, kde jsou tyto reziden\u010dn\u00ed budovy uvedeny na map\u011b,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>toto je charakteristick\u00e9 pro reziden\u010dn\u00ed mapu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud rozhodl, zda ka\u017ed\u00fd konstruk\u010dn\u00ed prvek poru\u0161uje slovn\u00ed formulaci, ale co se t\u00fd\u010de &#8220;4. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 str\u00e1nka s touto mapou je rozd\u011blena na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 sekce,&#8221;,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>U\u017eivatel, kter\u00fd se d\u00edv\u00e1 na mapu zobrazenou na obrazovce, nem\u016f\u017ee rozpoznat sekci, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u010d\u00edslu pozemku, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed budova, kterou hled\u00e1, pomoc\u00ed \u010dar a jin\u00fdch metod a symbol\u016f v n\u011bkolika sekc\u00edch na str\u00e1nce. (&#8230;) Proto na map\u011b ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho nem\u016f\u017ee u\u017eivatel rozpoznat sekci, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u010d\u00edslu pozemku, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed budova, kterou hled\u00e1, pomoc\u00ed \u010dar a jin\u00fdch metod a symbol\u016f v n\u011bkolika sekc\u00edch na str\u00e1nce. Tak\u017ee na map\u011b ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee &#8220;ka\u017ed\u00e1 str\u00e1nka&#8221; je &#8220;roz\u010dlen\u011bna na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 sekce&#8221;.<\/p>\n<cite>Soud v Tokiu, rozsudek ze dne 31. ledna 2019 (rok 2019)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud neshledal poru\u0161en\u00ed slovn\u00ed formulace a zam\u00edtl \u017ealobu \u017ealobce. I kdy\u017e byly spln\u011bny v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u00ed prvky, prvek 4 nebyl spln\u011bn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_kulickoveho_hridele\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad kuli\u010dkov\u00e9ho h\u0159\u00eddele<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy \u017ealobce, kter\u00fd vlastn\u00ed patent na &#8220;kuli\u010dkov\u00e9 lo\u017eisko pro nekone\u010dn\u00e9 posuvn\u00e9 pohyby&#8221;, po\u017eadoval od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, proto\u017ee \u017ealovan\u00fd vyr\u00e1b\u011bl a prod\u00e1val tento produkt. Jedn\u00e1 se o p\u0159\u00edpad, kter\u00fd byl zm\u00edn\u011bn v \u010d\u00e1sti o rovnom\u011brn\u00e9m poru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento soudn\u00ed spor se dostal a\u017e k Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu soudu, kter\u00fd potvrdil teorii rovnom\u011brnosti a stanovil p\u011bt krit\u00e9ri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt spln\u011bny, aby byla tato teorie uzn\u00e1na. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud tak\u00e9 uvedl:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>P\u0159i zohledn\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto aspekt\u016f je podstatn\u00e1 hodnota patentovan\u00e9ho vyn\u00e1lezu v technologii, kterou lze snadno p\u0159edstavit jako n\u011bco, co je podstatn\u011b toto\u017en\u00e9 s konstrukc\u00ed uvedenou v rozsahu patentov\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dosti, a t\u0159et\u00ed strana by m\u011bla o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee toto je p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<cite> Rozsudek Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu ze dne 24. \u00fanora 1998 (rok 1998 podle gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Japonsk\u00e9ho patentov\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu v sekci &#8220;Patentov\u00e9 p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; je uvedeno, \u017ee teorie rovnom\u011brnosti &#8220;m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1na za snahu uznat \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rozsah patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_zarizeni_pro_odstraneni_cizich_teles\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro odstran\u011bn\u00ed ciz\u00edch t\u011bles<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/patent-infringement-judgment-criteria-case-law3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-33372\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dalobce, kter\u00fd vlastn\u00ed patent na vyn\u00e1lez nazvan\u00fd &#8220;Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 rotace v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro odstran\u011bn\u00ed ciz\u00edch t\u011bles z \u010derstv\u00fdch mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0159as&#8221;, tvrdil, \u017ee &#8220;Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro odstran\u011bn\u00ed ciz\u00edch t\u011bles a \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch \u0159as&#8221; atd. (za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u017ealovan\u00e9ho), kter\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u00ed a prod\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017ealovan\u00fd, pat\u0159\u00ed do technick\u00e9ho rozsahu tohoto vyn\u00e1lezu. D\u00e1le tvrdil, \u017ee rota\u010dn\u00ed deska a deska, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u017ealovan\u00e9ho, jsou &#8220;v\u011bci pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pouze pro v\u00fdrobu&#8221; podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 101 odst. 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho patentov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona a po\u017eadoval zastaven\u00ed v\u00fdroby a prodeje za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u017ealovan\u00e9ho podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 100 tohoto z\u00e1kona, jeho likvidaci a od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud uznal, \u017ee v tomto vyn\u00e1lezu je rota\u010dn\u00ed deska nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed &#8220;za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 rotace&#8221;, ale tak\u00e9 uznal, \u017ee v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u017ealovan\u00e9ho je rota\u010dn\u00ed deska nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed spolu s deskou, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo ucp\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fchodu a vzniku spole\u010dn\u00e9 rotace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b t\u00e9to rota\u010dn\u00ed desky nelze uznat, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed pouze funkc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 neimplementuj\u00ed tento vyn\u00e1lez, zat\u00edmco funkce implementuj\u00edc\u00ed tento vyn\u00e1lez nejsou v\u016fbec pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny, je ekonomick\u00fdm, komer\u010dn\u00edm nebo praktick\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem pou\u017eit\u00ed tohoto produktu. Tak\u017ee je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 uznat, \u017ee jak rota\u010dn\u00ed deska, tak deska jsou v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pouze pro v\u00fdrobu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u017ealovan\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed do technick\u00e9ho rozsahu tohoto vyn\u00e1lezu.<\/p>\n<cite> Rozsudek Japonsk\u00e9ho vrchn\u00edho soudu pro du\u0161evn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed ze dne 23. \u010dervna 2011 (2011) <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud tedy rozhodl, \u017ee \u010dinnost \u017ealovan\u00e9ho spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed ve v\u00fdrob\u011b a prodeji rota\u010dn\u00ed desky a desky je poru\u0161en\u00edm patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v \u017ealobce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, kter\u00e1 tvo\u0159\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st patentovan\u00e9ho vyn\u00e1lezu, sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvanou &#8220;pouze&#8221; v produktech poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edch patentov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, pak je v\u00fdroba t\u00e9to sou\u010d\u00e1sti pova\u017eov\u00e1na za poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu poru\u0161en\u00ed, mohou existovat p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy se st\u00e1v\u00e1 poru\u0161en\u00edm patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b, jako je rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed nebo nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To, \u017ee neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 v\u0161em prvk\u016fm patentovan\u00e9ho vyn\u00e1lezu, neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee se rozhodn\u011b nestane poru\u0161en\u00edm patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u010detn\u011b toho je posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, proto se pros\u00edm pora\u010fte s zku\u0161en\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/patent-merit-lawyer-invention\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/patent-merit-lawyer-invention[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Syst\u00e9m patent\u016f je re\u017eim, kter\u00fd st\u00e1t poskytuje lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bli k rozvoji pr\u016fmyslu sv\u00fdmi vyn\u00e1lezy, a to tak, \u017ee jim d\u00e1v\u00e1 &#8220;patentov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va&#8221;, kter\u00e1 jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed exkluzivn\u011b uplat\u0148ovat sv\u016f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63907,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,28],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61011"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61011"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61011\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63908,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61011\/revisions\/63908"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63907"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61011"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61011"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61011"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}