{"id":61033,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:20","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61033"},"modified":"2024-03-30T13:43:45","modified_gmt":"2024-03-30T04:43:45","slug":"copy-plagiarize-tracing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/copy-plagiarize-tracing","title":{"rendered":"\u010cast\u00e9 skand\u00e1ly s plagi\u00e1ty: Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed ilustrac\u00ed a japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V lednu 2022 (rok 2022) se stal ter\u010dem diskus\u00ed video, kter\u00e9 na YouTube nahr\u00e1l jeden z youtuber\u016f specializuj\u00edc\u00edch se na odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ve videu bylo pouk\u00e1z\u00e1no na to, \u017ee velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed ilustr\u00e1tor kop\u00edruje a kresl\u00ed fotografie po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 jin\u00fdmi lidmi, co\u017e je ozna\u010dov\u00e1no jako &#8220;tracepak&#8221;. Doty\u010dn\u00fd ilustr\u00e1tor je zn\u00e1m\u00fd t\u00edm, \u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vizu\u00e1ly pro popul\u00e1rn\u00ed hudebn\u00ed skupiny a spolupracuje na mnoha projektech s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo velk\u00fd rozruch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ilustr\u00e1tor reagoval na tento rozruch aktualizac\u00ed sv\u00e9ho Twitteru, kde se omluvil a uznal, \u017ee &#8220;je pravda, \u017ee jsem n\u011bkter\u00e1 d\u00edla, kter\u00e1 jsem vytvo\u0159il jako citace, om\u00e1\u017e a rekonstrukci, publikoval a prod\u00e1val bez svolen\u00ed dr\u017eitele pr\u00e1v&#8221;. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, z\u00e1rove\u0148 uvedl, \u017ee &#8220;nevytvo\u0159il jsem \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 kopie fotografi\u00ed. Nem\u011bl jsem v \u00famyslu plagi\u00e1torstv\u00ed ani p\u0159i kreslen\u00ed&#8221;, \u010d\u00edm\u017e pop\u0159el obvin\u011bn\u00ed z tracepaku a plagi\u00e1torstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V souvislosti s t\u00edmto podez\u0159en\u00edm z &#8220;tracepaku&#8221; spole\u010dnost Pok\u00e9mon Corporation ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee a\u010dkoli pova\u017euje spoluprac\u00ed vytvo\u0159en\u00fd produkt (tri\u010dko), kter\u00fd ilustr\u00e1tor vytvo\u0159il, za origin\u00e1ln\u00ed, bere tento incident velmi v\u00e1\u017en\u011b a p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 vr\u00e1cen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed a zru\u0161en\u00ed objedn\u00e1vek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku vysv\u011btl\u00edme, co je to &#8220;tracepak&#8221;, kter\u00fd se stal t\u00e9matem diskuse, a jak se na to vztahuje Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/copy-plagiarize-tracing\/#Stopareni_a_kopirovani\" title=\"Stopa\u0159en\u00ed a kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed\">Stopa\u0159en\u00ed a kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/copy-plagiarize-tracing\/#Co_je_to_%E2%80%9Ctrepak%E2%80%9D\" title=\"Co je to &#8220;trep\u00e1k&#8221;\">Co je to &#8220;trep\u00e1k&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/copy-plagiarize-tracing\/#Reprodukce_a_adaptace\" title=\"Reprodukce a adaptace\">Reprodukce a adaptace<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/copy-plagiarize-tracing\/#Soudy_ohledne_prepisovani\" title=\"Soudy ohledn\u011b p\u0159episov\u00e1n\u00ed\">Soudy ohledn\u011b p\u0159episov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/copy-plagiarize-tracing\/#Pripad_poruseni_autorskych_prav_prostrednictvim_trasovani\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm trasov\u00e1n\u00ed\">P\u0159\u00edpad poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm trasov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/copy-plagiarize-tracing\/#Pripad_kdy_tvurce_obvineny_z_plagiatorstvi_podal_zalobu_za_poruseni_prav\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy tv\u016frce obvin\u011bn\u00fd z plagi\u00e1torstv\u00ed podal \u017ealobu za poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v\">P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy tv\u016frce obvin\u011bn\u00fd z plagi\u00e1torstv\u00ed podal \u017ealobu za poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/copy-plagiarize-tracing\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/copy-plagiarize-tracing\/#Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stopareni_a_kopirovani\"><\/span>Stopa\u0159en\u00ed a kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Stopa\u0159en\u00ed a kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou nezbytn\u00e9 metody p\u0159i cvi\u010den\u00ed kreslen\u00ed ilustrac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stopa\u0159en\u00ed znamen\u00e1 kreslen\u00ed na pap\u00edr polo\u017een\u00fd na vzoru (p\u016fvodn\u00ed kresb\u011b). V analogov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kresl\u00edte na pr\u016fhledn\u00fd pap\u00edr polo\u017een\u00fd na vzoru, v digit\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kresl\u00edte na novou vrstvu nad vzorem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed znamen\u00e1 kreslen\u00ed ilustrace podle vzoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u011b metody jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed va\u0161ich kresl\u00ed\u0159sk\u00fdch dovednost\u00ed. Nav\u00edc, m\u016f\u017eete se b\u011bhem kreslen\u00ed nau\u010dit r\u016fzn\u00e9 techniky, kter\u00e9 profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed ilustr\u00e1to\u0159i pou\u017eili v p\u016fvodn\u00ed kresb\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale p\u0159i kreslen\u00ed ilustrac\u00ed je t\u0159eba d\u00e1vat pozor na autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va k stopa\u0159en\u00ed a kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_to_%E2%80%9Ctrepak%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>Co je to &#8220;trep\u00e1k&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Trep\u00e1k&#8221; znamen\u00e1 stopa\u0159en\u00ed a kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed fotografi\u00ed nebo ilustrac\u00ed jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed, ale to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee jste poru\u0161ili autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va jen proto, \u017ee jste n\u011bco stopa\u0159ili.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stopa\u0159en\u00ed a kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed nejsou v\u017edy neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na m\u00ed\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va jako majetkov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va zahrnuj\u00ed &#8220;pr\u00e1vo reprodukovat d\u00edlo tiskem, fotografi\u00ed, kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00edm, nahr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm, z\u00e1znamem atd.&#8221; (\u010dl\u00e1nek 2 odstavec 1 bod 15 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech) a &#8220;pr\u00e1vo p\u0159elo\u017eit, upravit, zm\u011bnit, dramatizovat, filmovat nebo jinak adaptovat d\u00edlo&#8221; (\u010dl\u00e1nek 27 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech), ob\u011b jsou pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edvat pouze dr\u017eitel autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ozna\u010den\u00ed &#8220;trep\u00e1k&#8221; znamen\u00e1 obvin\u011bn\u00ed z poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na reprodukci nebo pr\u00e1va na adaptaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reprodukce_a_adaptace\"><\/span>Reprodukce a adaptace<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje precedent Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se reprodukce a adaptace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Reprodukce znamen\u00e1 \u010dinnost, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed toto\u017en\u00e9 d\u00edlo z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na existuj\u00edc\u00edm d\u00edle, nebo se k jeho konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmu vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u00fapravy, p\u0159idatky, zm\u011bny atd., ani\u017e by se nov\u011b a kreativn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159ily my\u0161lenky nebo pocity, zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed se z\u00e1sadn\u00ed charakteristiky vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se d\u00edlo, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00edch charakteristik vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00edho d\u00edla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adaptace znamen\u00e1 \u010dinnost, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nov\u00e9 d\u00edlo z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na existuj\u00edc\u00edm d\u00edle a zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed se z\u00e1sadn\u00ed charakteristiky jeho vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se k jeho konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmu vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u00fapravy, p\u0159idatky, zm\u011bny atd., a nov\u011b a kreativn\u011b se vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed my\u0161lenky nebo pocity, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00edch charakteristik vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00edho d\u00edla.<\/p>\n<cite>Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud, 28. \u010dervna 2001 (rok 2001)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v nast\u00e1v\u00e1, pokud &#8220;zachov\u00e1v\u00e1te z\u00e1sadn\u00ed charakteristiky vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed&#8221; nebo &#8220;umo\u017e\u0148ujete p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00edch charakteristik vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00edho d\u00edla&#8221;. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee a\u0165 u\u017e stopa\u0159\u00edte nebo kop\u00edrujete, pokud to nedos\u00e1hne t\u00e9to \u00farovn\u011b, neporu\u0161ujete autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/copy-plagiarize-tracing-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43687\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soudy_ohledne_prepisovani\"><\/span>Soudy ohledn\u011b p\u0159episov\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpadech souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s p\u0159episov\u00e1n\u00edm existuj\u00ed situace, kdy autor pr\u00e1v tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jeho autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va byla poru\u0161ena p\u0159episov\u00e1n\u00edm, a p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy tv\u016frce, kter\u00fd byl obvin\u011bn z plagi\u00e1torstv\u00ed, podal \u017ealobu na poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_poruseni_autorskych_prav_prostrednictvim_trasovani\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm trasov\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dalobce tvrdil, \u017ee \u017ealovan\u00fd bez povolen\u00ed trasoval fotografick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd \u017ealobce prod\u00e1v\u00e1, a pou\u017eil ho na zadn\u00ed ob\u00e1lce sv\u00e9ho fanou\u0161kovsk\u00e9ho rom\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd prod\u00e1val. T\u00edmto \u010dinem podle \u017ealobce do\u0161lo k poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v (pr\u00e1vo na rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, pr\u00e1vo na adaptaci a pr\u00e1vo na p\u0159evod) vztahuj\u00edc\u00edch se k dan\u00e9mu fotografick\u00e9mu materi\u00e1lu. \u017dalobce proto po\u017eadoval od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ze strany \u017ealovan\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na to \u017ealovan\u00fd reagoval t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159ipustil, \u017ee vytvo\u0159il ilustraci na z\u00e1klad\u011b fotografick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd na\u0161el na internetu p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed obr\u00e1zku &#8220;mu\u017ee pij\u00edc\u00edho k\u00e1vu&#8221;. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, tvrdil, \u017ee pouze obkreslil obrys hlavy a ramen mu\u017ee na fotografii a obrys hrn\u00ed\u010dku s k\u00e1vou a ruky, kter\u00e1 ho dr\u017e\u00ed. Co se t\u00fd\u010de takzvan\u00e9ho &#8220;vypln\u011bn\u00ed&#8221;, tvrdil, \u017ee to ud\u011blal vlastn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, ani\u017e by se odkazoval na fotografick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, a pou\u017eil monochromatick\u00e9 barven\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud p\u0159ipustil, \u017ee dan\u00e1 fotografie je d\u00edlem chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdm autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem a \u017ee ilustrace byla vytvo\u0159ena na z\u00e1klad\u011b fotografick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, ale tak\u00e9 uznal, \u017ee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Ilustrace je kreslena pouze na plo\u0161e 2,6 cm na ka\u017ed\u00e9 stran\u011b, tak\u017ee nevyjad\u0159uje vztah mezi subjektem a sv\u011btlem na fotografick\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu, a naopak, na ilustraci je p\u0159id\u00e1na tenk\u00e1 b\u00edl\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed na fotografick\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu a proch\u00e1z\u00ed st\u0159edem obli\u010deje postavy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ilustrace je \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e1, tak\u017ee nevyjad\u0159uje kombinaci barev na fotografick\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pozad\u00ed ilustrace je bu\u010f b\u00edl\u00e9 nebo \u0161ed\u00e9, tak\u017ee nevyjad\u0159uje kontrast mezi subjektem a pozad\u00edm na fotografick\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vzor na ko\u0161ili subjektu na ilustraci se li\u0161\u00ed od vzoru na ko\u0161ili subjektu na fotografick\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>S ohledem na tyto skute\u010dnosti soud konstatoval, \u017ee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto skute\u010dnost\u00ed nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee dan\u00e1 ilustrace obsahuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed charakteristiky celkov\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazu fotografick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu (vztah mezi subjektem a sv\u011btlem, kombinaci barev, kontrast mezi subjektem a pozad\u00edm atd.), a nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee dan\u00e1 ilustrace p\u0159\u00edmo vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed charakteristiky v\u00fdrazu fotografick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee dan\u00e1 ilustrace je rozmno\u017een\u00edm nebo adaptac\u00ed fotografick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, a nelze uznat, \u017ee \u017ealovan\u00fd poru\u0161il autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k fotografick\u00e9mu materi\u00e1lu. \u017dalobce tak\u00e9 tvrdil, \u017ee do\u0161lo k poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na p\u0159evod, ale proto\u017ee dan\u00e1 ilustrace nen\u00ed rozmno\u017een\u00edm ani adaptac\u00ed fotografick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, distribuce fanou\u0161kovsk\u00e9ho rom\u00e1nu, na kter\u00e9m je dan\u00e1 ilustrace zve\u0159ejn\u011bna, neporu\u0161uje pr\u00e1vo na p\u0159evod.<\/p>\n<cite>Verdikt Tokijsk\u00e9ho okresn\u00edho soudu ze dne 29. b\u0159ezna 2018 (2018)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>A tak soud zam\u00edtl \u017ealobu \u017ealobce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, soud p\u0159ipustil, \u017ee &#8220;ilustrace byla vytvo\u0159ena na z\u00e1klad\u011b fotografick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu&#8221; a \u017ee &#8220;byl obkreslen obrys hlavy a ramen mu\u017ee a obrys hrn\u00ed\u010dku s k\u00e1vou a ruky, kter\u00e1 ho dr\u017e\u00ed&#8221;, ale tak\u00e9 uznal, \u017ee &#8220;nebyla zachov\u00e1na identita z\u00e1sadn\u00edch charakteristik v\u00fdrazu&#8221; a \u017ee &#8220;osoba, kter\u00e1 se s t\u00edmto setk\u00e1, nepoc\u00edt\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed charakteristiky v\u00fdrazu existuj\u00edc\u00edho d\u00edla&#8221;, a proto nebylo poru\u0161eno autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/unauthorized-photo-reproduction-on-the-internet-author-moral-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/unauthorized[ja]-photo-reproduction-on-the-internet-author-moral-rights[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/copy-plagiarize-tracing-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43689\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_kdy_tvurce_obvineny_z_plagiatorstvi_podal_zalobu_za_poruseni_prav\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy tv\u016frce obvin\u011bn\u00fd z plagi\u00e1torstv\u00ed podal \u017ealobu za poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad se t\u00fdk\u00e1 \u017ealobce, kter\u00fd byl na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edti Twitter obvin\u011bn anonymn\u00edm u\u017eivatelem z &#8220;neleg\u00e1ln\u00edho kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; a podal \u017ealobu. \u017dalobce byl kritizov\u00e1n za neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed a byly zve\u0159ejn\u011bny \u010dl\u00e1nky obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed obr\u00e1zky vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 \u00fapravou jeho ilustrac\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ekryt\u00edm ilustrac\u00ed jin\u00fdch osob. T\u00edm byla poru\u0161ena autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va \u017ealobce (pr\u00e1vo na reprodukci a pr\u00e1vo na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 sd\u011blen\u00ed) a mor\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1va autora (pr\u00e1vo na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed integrity) vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k jednotliv\u00fdm ilustrac\u00edm. \u017dalobce tvrdil, \u017ee byla po\u0161kozena jeho pov\u011bst a byla poru\u0161ena jeho obchodn\u00ed pr\u00e1va. Proto po\u017eadoval od spole\u010dnosti Twitter zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anonymn\u00ed u\u017eivatel zve\u0159ejnil na Twitteru 18 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b tweet\u016f s p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00fdmi obr\u00e1zky a textem jako &#8220;Co si o tom mysl\u00edte? Lehce kop\u00edrov\u00e1no? Mysl\u00edte si, \u017ee by pom\u011bry byly stejn\u00e9, kdyby to bylo norm\u00e1ln\u011b nakresleno?&#8221; a &#8220;\u00dahel krku je zm\u011bn\u011bn, ale&#8230;&#8221;. Tyto tweety obsahovaly obr\u00e1zky vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159ekryt\u00edm n\u011bkolika ilustrac\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch profil\u016f. U\u017eivatel tak\u00e9 kritizoval \u017ealobce slovy &#8220;Je to recidivista v kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; a &#8220;To je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jist\u00e9&#8221;. (*&#8221;Rale&#8221; znamen\u00e1 &#8220;kop\u00edrov\u00e1no&#8221;)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dalobce tvrdil, \u017ee t\u00edm, \u017ee u\u017eivatel zve\u0159ejnil tweety s p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00fdmi obr\u00e1zky \u017ealobce, byla data t\u011bchto obr\u00e1zk\u016f zaznamen\u00e1na na serveru spole\u010dnosti Twitter, kter\u00fd je &#8220;ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm sd\u011blovac\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm p\u0159ipojen\u00fdm k ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edti&#8221; (podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 2 odst. 1 bod 9 p\u00edsm. 5 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu), a t\u00edm bylo umo\u017en\u011bno jejich ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 sd\u011blen\u00ed. \u017dalobce tak\u00e9 tvrdil, \u017ee byla poru\u0161ena jeho pr\u00e1va na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed integrity jeho ilustrac\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee u\u017eivatel bez jeho svolen\u00ed vytvo\u0159il obr\u00e1zky p\u0159ekryt\u00edm jeho ilustrac\u00ed, na kter\u00fdch m\u00e1 \u017ealobce mor\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1va autora, s d\u00edly jin\u00fdch ilustr\u00e1tor\u016f, nebo je o\u0159ezal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dalobce d\u00e1le tvrdil, \u017ee t\u00edm, \u017ee u\u017eivatel nazna\u010dil, \u017ee &#8220;kop\u00edroval d\u00edla jin\u00fdch ilustr\u00e1tor\u016f&#8221;, vzbudil dojem, \u017ee ilustrace \u017ealobce byly vytvo\u0159eny poru\u0161en\u00edm autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v jin\u00fdch osob kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00edm, a \u017ee \u017ealobce je osobou, kter\u00e1 prov\u00e1d\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed. T\u00edm byla sn\u00ed\u017eena soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnota \u017ealobce a byla po\u0161kozena jeho pov\u011bst. Proto \u017ealobce po\u017eadoval zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli a podal \u017ealobu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud zkoumal d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed \u017ealobce, \u017ee jeho ilustrace nebyly kop\u00edrov\u00e1ny z d\u011bl jin\u00fdch osob. Nap\u0159\u00edklad u ilustrace 1 \u017ealobce a ilustrace 1-1, kter\u00e1 byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna jako &#8220;kop\u00edrovan\u00e1&#8221;, bylo uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee \u017ealobce vlastn\u00ed kresbu ilustrace 1. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee kresba je z\u00e1kladem ilustrace vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 v procesu jej\u00ed tvorby, bylo potvrzeno, \u017ee \u017ealobce vytvo\u0159il ilustraci 1 bez kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed obr\u00e1zku 1-1. Ve v\u00fdpov\u011bdi \u017ealobce bylo konkr\u00e9tn\u011b pops\u00e1no, jak byl po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed ilustrace \u017eensk\u00e9ho profilu od tv\u016frce ru\u010dn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b ilustrace 1, a jak ji poskytl. Nav\u00edc, podle videa, kter\u00e9 zachycuje proces tvorby ilustrace \u017eensk\u00e9ho profilu podobn\u00e9 ilustraci 1, bylo uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee \u017ealobce m\u00e1 dovednosti pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed ilustrace \u017eensk\u00e9ho profilu podobn\u00e9 ilustraci 1. Tento fakt potvrzuje, \u017ee \u017ealobce mohl vytvo\u0159it ilustraci 1 bez kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed obr\u00e1zku 1-1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud pak uvedl: &#8220;Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho lze pln\u011b d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed \u017ealobce, \u017ee vytvo\u0159il ilustraci 1 bez kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bl jin\u00fdch osob&#8221; (rozsudek Okresn\u00edho soudu v Tokiu ze dne 23. prosince 2021) a uznal v\u0161echny n\u00e1mitky \u017ealobce. Soud na\u0159\u00eddil spole\u010dnosti Twitter zve\u0159ejnit informace o odes\u00edlateli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/provider-liability-limitation-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/provider-liability-limitation-law[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/copy-plagiarize-tracing-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43688\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Prezentace d\u00edla, kter\u00e9 je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za plagi\u00e1t&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;Obvin\u011bn\u00ed z plagi\u00e1torstv\u00ed&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;V\u00fdbuch na internetu&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;Autor vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 koment\u00e1\u0159&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;Bashing&#8221;. Tyto &#8220;plagi\u00e1torsk\u00e9 skand\u00e1ly&#8221; se \u010dasto opakuj\u00ed, ale rozhodnut\u00ed, zda do\u0161lo k poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, je velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Osoba, kter\u00e1 odsuzuje poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, nesm\u00ed sama poru\u0161ovat autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va ostatn\u00edch. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho &#8220;p\u0159\u00edpadu, kdy tv\u016frce obvin\u011bn\u00fd z plagi\u00e1torstv\u00ed podal \u017ealobu za poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v&#8221;, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee autor, kter\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek zve\u0159ejnil, poru\u0161il nejen autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va \u017ealobce (pr\u00e1vo na reprodukci a pr\u00e1vo na automatick\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 p\u0159enosy), ale tak\u00e9 mor\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1va autora (pr\u00e1vo na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed identity), ale tak\u00e9 autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a mor\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1va autora E, kter\u00fd nakreslil obr\u00e1zek pou\u017eit\u00fd pro ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed jako &#8220;rare&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolis je odborn\u00edkem na IT, zejm\u00e9na na internet a pr\u00e1vo. V posledn\u00edch letech se du\u0161evn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u0159edem pozornosti a pot\u0159eba pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kontroly se st\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 poskytuje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed. Podrobnosti jsou uvedeny v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/practices\/corporate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/practices\/corporate[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V lednu 2022 (rok 2022) se stal ter\u010dem diskus\u00ed video, kter\u00e9 na YouTube nahr\u00e1l jeden z youtuber\u016f specializuj\u00edc\u00edch se na odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ve videu bylo pouk\u00e1z\u00e1no na to, \u017ee velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed ilustr\u00e1tor kop\u00edruje [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":64063,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,22],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61033"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61033"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61033\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64064,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61033\/revisions\/64064"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64063"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61033"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61033"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}