{"id":61051,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:21","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61051"},"modified":"2024-03-29T10:44:46","modified_gmt":"2024-03-29T01:44:46","slug":"image-copyright-infringement-compensation-for-damages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/image-copyright-infringement-compensation-for-damages","title":{"rendered":"Poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm obr\u00e1zk\u016f: 'Standardn\u00ed od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed' a vysv\u011btlen\u00ed dvou p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Nyn\u00ed je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 vid\u011bt &#8216;obr\u00e1zky&#8217; a &#8216;videa&#8217; na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch a internetov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, mezi &#8216;obr\u00e1zky&#8217; a &#8216;videa&#8217;, kter\u00e9 vid\u00edme ka\u017ed\u00fd den, jsou tak\u00e9 ty, kter\u00e9 ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zku autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak\u017ee jak byste m\u011bli reagovat, pokud jste skute\u010dn\u011b poru\u0161eni autorsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy? A jak\u00e1 je obvykl\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161e n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody, kterou m\u016f\u017eete po\u017eadovat od druh\u00e9 strany?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/image-copyright-infringement-compensation-for-damages\/#Poruseni_autorskych_prav_na_internetu\" title=\"Poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v na internetu\">Poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v na internetu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/image-copyright-infringement-compensation-for-damages\/#Neopravnene_kopirovani_obrazku\" title=\"Neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed obr\u00e1zk\u016f\">Neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed obr\u00e1zk\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/image-copyright-infringement-compensation-for-damages\/#Neopravnene_kopirovani_textu_pisni_a_hudebnich_skladeb\" title=\"Neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed text\u016f p\u00edsn\u00ed a hudebn\u00edch skladeb\">Neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed text\u016f p\u00edsn\u00ed a hudebn\u00edch skladeb<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/image-copyright-infringement-compensation-for-damages\/#Naroky_a_sankce_v_pripade_poruseni_autorskych_prav\" title=\"N\u00e1roky a sankce v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v\">N\u00e1roky a sankce v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/image-copyright-infringement-compensation-for-damages\/#Zadost_o_zastaveni_porusovani\" title=\"\u017d\u00e1dost o zastaven\u00ed poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed\">\u017d\u00e1dost o zastaven\u00ed poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/image-copyright-infringement-compensation-for-damages\/#Zadost_o_nahradu_skody\" title=\"\u017d\u00e1dost o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody\">\u017d\u00e1dost o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/image-copyright-infringement-compensation-for-damages\/#Predpokladana_vyse_skody\" title=\"P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161e \u0161kody\">P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161e \u0161kody<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/image-copyright-infringement-compensation-for-damages\/#Opatreni_pro_obnovu_cti\" title=\"Opat\u0159en\u00ed pro obnovu cti\">Opat\u0159en\u00ed pro obnovu cti<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/image-copyright-infringement-compensation-for-damages\/#Soudy_a_nahrada_skody\" title=\"Soudy a n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody\">Soudy a n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/image-copyright-infringement-compensation-for-damages\/#Pripad_kolaze_fotografii_kocek_na_billboardu\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad kol\u00e1\u017ee fotografi\u00ed ko\u010dek na billboardu\">P\u0159\u00edpad kol\u00e1\u017ee fotografi\u00ed ko\u010dek na billboardu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/image-copyright-infringement-compensation-for-damages\/#Pripad_pouziti_ilustrace_na_tricku\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad pou\u017eit\u00ed ilustrace na tri\u010dku\">P\u0159\u00edpad pou\u017eit\u00ed ilustrace na tri\u010dku<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/image-copyright-infringement-compensation-for-damages\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Poruseni_autorskych_prav_na_internetu\"><\/span>Poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v na internetu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak\u00e9 \u010diny mohou b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v na internetu? Nejprve se pod\u00edvejme na situace, kdy je na internetu nej\u010dast\u011bji poru\u0161ov\u00e1no autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Neopravnene_kopirovani_obrazku\"><\/span>Neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed obr\u00e1zk\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va jsou uzn\u00e1v\u00e1na pro obr\u00e1zky jako jsou ilustrace, fotografie a videa. Fotografie zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch jako je Instagram jsou \u010dasto kop\u00edrov\u00e1ny bez povolen\u00ed. I kdy\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o selfie, je velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee budou uzn\u00e1na autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, tak\u017ee pokud je va\u0161e fotografie kop\u00edrov\u00e1na, m\u016f\u017eete podat \u017ealobu za poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V \u010dervnu 2020 Instagram ozn\u00e1mil sv\u016fj ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1zor, \u017ee &#8220;pou\u017eit\u00ed funkce pro vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed obr\u00e1zk\u016f m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v&#8221;. Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va na obr\u00e1zky nahran\u00e9 na Instagram nepat\u0159\u00ed Instagramu, ale v\u00fdhradn\u011b autorovi obr\u00e1zku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/copyright-law-ng-text-image\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/copyright-law-ng-text-image[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/copyright-law-ng-video\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/copyright-law-ng-video[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Neopravnene_kopirovani_textu_pisni_a_hudebnich_skladeb\"><\/span>Neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed text\u016f p\u00edsn\u00ed a hudebn\u00edch skladeb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/image-copyright-infringement-Compensation-for-damages1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-31175\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Profesion\u00e1lov\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161inou sv\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed spr\u00e1vu sv\u00fdch d\u011bl organizac\u00edm jako je JASRAC, ale pro nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 um\u011blce a jednotlivce, kte\u0159\u00ed se v\u011bnuj\u00ed hudebn\u00ed tvorb\u011b, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 b\u00fdt opatrn\u00ed. Pokud jsou texty p\u00edsn\u00ed nebo hudebn\u00ed skladby, kter\u00e9 jste vytvo\u0159ili, nahr\u00e1ny na internet bez va\u0161eho svolen\u00ed, jedn\u00e1 se o poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. U tane\u010dn\u00edch vide\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va uzn\u00e1na i pro choreografii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/youtuber-vtuber\/tried-to-dance-copyright-infringement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/youtuber-vtuber\/tried-to-dance-copyright-infringement[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Naroky_a_sankce_v_pripade_poruseni_autorskych_prav\"><\/span>N\u00e1roky a sankce v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/image-copyright-infringement-Compensation-for-damages2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-31176\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Osoba, kter\u00e1 byla po\u0161kozena poru\u0161en\u00edm autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, m\u016f\u017ee proti druh\u00e9 stran\u011b uplatnit n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed civiln\u00ed n\u00e1roky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u017d\u00e1dost o zastaven\u00ed poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 112 odstavec 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody (\u010dl\u00e1nek 709 Japonsk\u00e9ho ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Op\u011btovn\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed dobr\u00e9 pov\u011bsti (\u010dl\u00e1nek 115 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nav\u00edc, poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v je trestn\u00e9 pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b st\u00ed\u017enosti (s v\u00fdjimkou n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f), tak\u017ee pokud autor, kter\u00fd je ob\u011bt\u00ed, pod\u00e1 st\u00ed\u017enost, m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 st\u00edhat n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody na dobu do deseti let nebo pokuta do v\u00fd\u0161e 10 milion\u016f jen\u016f, nebo oboj\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 119 odstavec 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00edch pr\u00e1v autora, trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody na dobu do p\u011bti let nebo pokuta do v\u00fd\u0161e 5 milion\u016f jen\u016f, nebo oboj\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 119 odstavec 2 bod 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 osoba poru\u0161\u00ed autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va (s v\u00fdjimkou mor\u00e1ln\u00edch pr\u00e1v autora), pokuta m\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout a\u017e 300 milion\u016f jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zadost_o_zastaveni_porusovani\"><\/span>\u017d\u00e1dost o zastaven\u00ed poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je poru\u0161eno autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, prvn\u00edm nezbytn\u00fdm krokem je zastaven\u00ed poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed (prevence, zastaven\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dost o zastaven\u00ed poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v umo\u017e\u0148uje nejen &#8220;zastaven\u00ed poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; a &#8220;prevenci poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;, ale tak\u00e9 po\u017eadovat &#8220;zni\u010den\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;, &#8220;zni\u010den\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm&#8221; a &#8220;likvidaci stroj\u016f a podobn\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00e9ho k poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i pod\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dosti o zastaven\u00ed nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 prok\u00e1zat \u00famysl nebo nedbalost pachatele. I bez \u00famyslu nebo nedbalosti je t\u0159eba odstranit stav, kdy je poru\u0161eno autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, pod\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dosti neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee zastaven\u00ed bude okam\u017eit\u011b uzn\u00e1no. Soud mus\u00ed nejprve posoudit, zda jsou spln\u011bny podm\u00ednky pro zastaven\u00ed, a pot\u00e9 vyd\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed. Proto m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u017e\u00e1dost o zastaven\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozdn\u00ed, pokud ji\u017e do\u0161lo k poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a vznikla zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u0161koda. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ed pod\u00e1n\u00edm \u017e\u00e1dosti o zastaven\u00ed podat \u017e\u00e1dost o p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed a po\u017eadovat zastaven\u00ed poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zadost_o_nahradu_skody\"><\/span>\u017d\u00e1dost o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve je mo\u017en\u00e9 po\u017eadovat od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v nebo pr\u00e1v autora, pokud byla poru\u0161ena osobnostn\u00ed pr\u00e1va (byla zp\u016fsobena du\u0161evn\u00ed \u00fazkost), ale nejen to, je tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 po\u017eadovat n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, kterou autor utrp\u011bl kv\u016fli poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;\u0160koda&#8221; zde zahrnuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed dva typy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Aktivn\u00ed \u0161koda (n\u00e1klady, kter\u00e9 by nebyly nutn\u00e9, pokud by nedo\u0161lo k poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Pasivn\u00ed \u0161koda (zisk, kter\u00fd by byl z\u00edsk\u00e1n, pokud by nedo\u0161lo k poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Aktivn\u00ed \u0161koda zahrnuje n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby a n\u00e1klady na identifikaci poru\u0161itele, kter\u00e9 jsou relativn\u011b snadno prokazateln\u00e9. Pasivn\u00ed \u0161koda v\u0161ak zahrnuje situace, kdy &#8220;prodej autorsk\u00fdch d\u011bl klesl kv\u016fli poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v&#8221;, co\u017e je obecn\u011b velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 prok\u00e1zat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto japonsk\u00fd autorsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon (Japanese Copyright Law) zav\u00e1d\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edpisy pro odhad \u0161kody, aby chr\u00e1nil autory (\u010dl\u00e1nek 114 japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Odhad z p\u0159eveden\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Odhad zisku<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Odhad z licen\u010dn\u00edch poplatk\u016f atd.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predpokladana_vyse_skody\"><\/span>P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161e \u0161kody<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Co se t\u00fd\u010de &#8220;odhadu z p\u0159eveden\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed&#8221;, m\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t, \u017ee osoba poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 zisk prodejem d\u011bl, kter\u00e1 neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b kop\u00edrovala nebo vytvo\u0159ila bez svolen\u00ed autora. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fd\u0161e \u0161kody vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na n\u00e1soben\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed prodan\u00fdch d\u011bl jednotkov\u00fdm ziskem, kter\u00fd by autor mohl z\u00edskat, pokud by nedo\u0161lo k poru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud osoba poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va prod\u00e1 1000 kus\u016f d\u00edla, kter\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ila t\u00edmto poru\u0161en\u00edm, a pokud by jednotkov\u00fd zisk z d\u00edla, kter\u00e9 by autor mohl prodat, pokud by nedo\u0161lo k poru\u0161en\u00ed, byl 200 jen\u016f na kus, mohl by autor po\u017eadovat 200 000 jen\u016f jako v\u00fd\u0161i \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. &#8220;Odhad zisku&#8221; se t\u00fdk\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 celkovou v\u00fd\u0161i zisku osoby poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va jako v\u00fd\u0161i \u0161kody, pokud tato osoba z\u00edsk\u00e1 zisk. V p\u0159\u00edkladu 1, pokud osoba poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va z\u00edsk\u00e1 zisk 200 000 jen\u016f, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee 200 000 jen\u016f je v\u00fd\u0161e \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Co se t\u00fd\u010de &#8220;odhadu z licen\u010dn\u00edch poplatk\u016f atd.&#8221;, licen\u010dn\u00ed poplatek je poplatek za pou\u017eit\u00ed d\u00edla chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9ho autorsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy, a autor m\u016f\u017ee po\u017eadovat \u010d\u00e1stku odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed licen\u010dn\u00edmu poplatku jako v\u00fd\u0161i \u0161kody. Toto ustanoven\u00ed je ur\u010deno k ur\u010den\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee \u010dasto neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pro v\u00fdpo\u010det v\u00fd\u0161e \u0161kody na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto ustanoven\u00ed, tak\u017ee p\u0159ed po\u017eadov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fd\u0161e \u0161kody m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e9 po\u017eadovat od druh\u00e9 strany zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed. Pokud druh\u00e1 strana nezve\u0159ejn\u00ed informace, soud m\u016f\u017ee na\u0159\u00eddit zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed, pokud je pod\u00e1na \u017ealoba (\u010dl\u00e1nek 114, odstavec 3, bod 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Opatreni_pro_obnovu_cti\"><\/span>Opat\u0159en\u00ed pro obnovu cti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V \u010dl\u00e1nku 115 Japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona (Japanese Copyright Law) je stanoveno, \u017ee autor m\u016f\u017ee po\u017eadovat od osoby, kter\u00e1 poru\u0161ila jeho mor\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1va autora, &#8220;n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody nebo spolu s n\u00ed &#8230; p\u0159ijmout vhodn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed k obnov\u011b sv\u00e9 cti nebo pov\u011bsti&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto ustanoven\u00ed se vztahuje na p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy byla poru\u0161ena ne autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, ale mor\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1va autora. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b tohoto ustanoven\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete po\u017eadovat, aby byly publikov\u00e1ny opravn\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky nebo omluvn\u00e9 reklamy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soudy_a_nahrada_skody\"><\/span>Soudy a n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud dojde k poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, m\u016f\u017eete po\u017eadovat n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody. Ale kolik pen\u011bz je skute\u010dn\u011b uzn\u00e1no v soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech? P\u0159edstav\u00edme dva p\u0159\u00edklady rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_kolaze_fotografii_kocek_na_billboardu\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad kol\u00e1\u017ee fotografi\u00ed ko\u010dek na billboardu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/image-copyright-infringement-compensation-for-damages3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-31179\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy fotograf po\u017eadoval od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed a omluvu za poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v (pr\u00e1vo na reprodukci nebo pr\u00e1vo na adaptaci) a mor\u00e1ln\u00edch pr\u00e1v autora (pr\u00e1vo na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed identity a pr\u00e1vo na uveden\u00ed jm\u00e9na) od zna\u010dky d\u00e1msk\u00e9ho oble\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e1 bez povolen\u00ed vy\u0159\u00edzla fotografie 156 ko\u010dek z p\u011bti jeho fotografi\u00ed, vy\u0159\u00edzla jim o\u010di, vytvo\u0159ila billboard a um\u00edstila ho. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byla uzn\u00e1na \u0161koda ve v\u00fd\u0161i 660 000 jen\u016f a od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 2 000 000 jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fotograf, kter\u00fd pracoval jako nez\u00e1visl\u00fd fotograf ko\u010dek, vytvo\u0159il asi 60 knih s fotografiemi ko\u010dek po cest\u011b po 55 zem\u00edch a asi 200 oblastech, p\u0159isp\u00edval do \u010dasopis\u016f, po\u0159\u00e1dal p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky a v\u00fdstavy fotografi\u00ed. Dva m\u011bs\u00edce po instalaci billboardu n\u00e1hodou nav\u0161t\u00edvil obchod Isetan Shinjuku a objevil, \u017ee jeho fotografie ko\u010dek byly zneu\u017eity a poru\u0161ena byla jeho autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Fotograf nesouhlasil s pou\u017eit\u00edm t\u011bchto fotografi\u00ed a na billboardu nebylo uvedeno jeho jm\u00e9no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud uznal, \u017ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>z 156 fotografi\u00ed bylo 66 pou\u017eito pro kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e poru\u0161ilo pr\u00e1vo na reprodukci \u017ealobce, a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed tohoto billboardu poru\u0161ilo pr\u00e1vo \u017ealobce na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed identity a pr\u00e1vo na uveden\u00ed jm\u00e9na.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud uznal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i v\u00fdpo\u010dtu \u0161kody \u017ealobce zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00edm pr\u00e1va na reprodukci,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>proti tvrzen\u00ed \u017ealobce, \u017ee jedna fotografie stoj\u00ed 50 000 jen\u016f, byly pou\u017eity jako materi\u00e1l pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kol\u00e1\u017ee billboardu s mnoha fotografiemi ko\u010dek, nikoli jako jednotliv\u00e9 fotografie \u017ealobce jako jednotliv\u00e9 d\u00edlo<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>a uznal, \u017ee je spravedliv\u00e9 uznat 10 000 jen\u016f za jednu kopii, a omezil se na uzn\u00e1n\u00ed 660 000 jen\u016f (10 000 jen\u016f \u00d7 66).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za poru\u0161en\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00edch pr\u00e1v, soud<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>uvedl, \u017ee po\u010det fotografi\u00ed \u017ealobce, jejich\u017e identita byla poru\u0161ena, je velk\u00fd a \u017ee zm\u011bna, kter\u00e1 zahrnovala vy\u0159\u00edznut\u00ed o\u010d\u00ed ko\u010dek, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1na za sadistickou, a du\u0161evn\u00ed \u0161koda, kterou utrp\u011bl \u017ealobce, je velmi velk\u00e1<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>a stanovil od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed na 2 000 000 jen\u016f a soudn\u00ed n\u00e1klady 260 000 jen\u016f, celkem 2 920 000 jen\u016f, kter\u00e9 na\u0159\u00eddil \u017ealovan\u00e9mu zaplatit (rozsudek Okresn\u00edho soudu v Tokiu ze dne 27. kv\u011btna 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de omluvy za poru\u0161en\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00edch pr\u00e1v autora,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>soud uvedl, \u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st povrchu tohoto billboardu byla pokryta produkty \u017ealovan\u00e9 zna\u010dky d\u00e1msk\u00e9ho oble\u010den\u00ed a bylo t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ji vid\u011bt, a proto nebylo dostate\u010dn\u00e9 uznat, \u017ee instalace tohoto billboardu po\u0161kodila reputaci nebo pov\u011bst \u017ealobce<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>a nebylo to uzn\u00e1no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k z\u00e1va\u017enosti p\u0159\u00edpadu bylo uzn\u00e1no pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00e9 od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_pouziti_ilustrace_na_tricku\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad pou\u017eit\u00ed ilustrace na tri\u010dku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/image-copyright-infringement-compensation-for-damages4.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-31181\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy ilustr\u00e1tor \u017ealoval v\u00fdrobce tri\u010dek, proto\u017ee vytvo\u0159il tri\u010dka kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00edm nebo adaptac\u00ed ilustrace, kterou s\u00e1m navrhl, poru\u0161il pr\u00e1vo na reprodukci nebo pr\u00e1vo na adaptaci, nahr\u00e1l je na webovou str\u00e1nku, kterou provozuje, poru\u0161il pr\u00e1vo na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 p\u0159enosy a vyr\u00e1b\u011bl tri\u010dka bez uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed jm\u00e9na \u017ealobce, \u010d\u00edm\u017e poru\u0161il pr\u00e1vo \u017ealobce na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed identity a pr\u00e1vo na uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed jm\u00e9na. \u017dalobce po\u017eadoval zastaven\u00ed reklamy a od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud rozhodl:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Ilustrace \u017ealobce, kter\u00e1 zobrazuje sp\u00edc\u00ed ko\u010dku z pohledu shora, je uzn\u00e1na jako um\u011bleck\u00e9 d\u00edlo a v\u011bt\u0161ina ilustrac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u017ealovan\u00fd pou\u017eil na tri\u010dk\u00e1ch, jsou fyzick\u00e9 reprodukce ilustrace \u017ealobce, co\u017e poru\u0161uje pr\u00e1vo na reprodukci nebo pr\u00e1vo na adaptaci. Nahr\u00e1n\u00ed ilustrace na webovou str\u00e1nku, kterou \u017ealovan\u00fd provozuje, poru\u0161uje pr\u00e1vo na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 p\u0159enosy a poru\u0161uje pr\u00e1vo \u017ealobce na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed identity a pr\u00e1vo na uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed jm\u00e9na v souvislosti s ilustrac\u00ed \u017ealobce.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud uznal \u017ealobu \u017ealobce na zastaven\u00ed reprodukce, adaptace a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu. D\u00e1le,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Je p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 uznat po\u017eadavek na zni\u010den\u00ed, proto\u017ee lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee \u017ealovan\u00fd m\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed, a je tak\u00e9 p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 uznat po\u017eadavek na smaz\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee \u017ealovan\u00fd m\u00e1 z\u00e1znamov\u00e9 m\u00e9dium, na kter\u00e9m jsou zaznamen\u00e1ny obrazov\u00e9 data t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se t\u011bchto ilustrac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud tak\u00e9 uznal po\u017eadavek na zni\u010den\u00ed. Nav\u00edc,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>P\u0159i v\u00fdpo\u010dtu poplatku za pou\u017eit\u00ed, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zbo\u017e\u00ed \u017ealovan\u00e9ho, neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy by byla ilustrace p\u0159ipojena samostatn\u011b, ilustrace je pou\u017eita jako sou\u010d\u00e1st celkov\u00e9ho designu ve spojen\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi designy nebo vzory vytvo\u0159en\u00fdmi \u017ealovan\u00fdm, a je p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 zohlednit pom\u011br pou\u017eit\u00ed (velikost nebo po\u010det) v zbo\u017e\u00ed \u017ealovan\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 bylo reprodukov\u00e1no nebo adaptov\u00e1no.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud vypo\u010d\u00edtal \u010d\u00e1st t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se zbo\u017e\u00ed prodan\u00e9ho prodejci \u017ealovan\u00fdm a uznal poplatek za pou\u017eit\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 1 223 570 jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nav\u00edc, jako od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed, soud zv\u00e1\u017eil skute\u010dnost, \u017ee \u017ealovan\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ilustraci komer\u010dn\u011b a neadaptuje ji atd. s \u00famyslem vysm\u00edvat se ilustraci \u017ealobce, a stanovil od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v na 300 000 jen\u016f, n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed na 150 000 jen\u016f, celkem 450 000 jen\u016f za \u0161kodu, a na\u0159\u00eddil \u017ealovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti zaplatit celkem 1 673 570 jen\u016f (rozsudek Oklahomsk\u00e9ho okresn\u00edho soudu ze dne 18. dubna 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010c\u00e1stka uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 pasivn\u00ed \u0161kody mohla b\u00fdt pro \u017ealobce nespokojiv\u00e1, ale proto\u017ee byla \u0161iroce uzn\u00e1na \u017e\u00e1dost o zni\u010den\u00ed, pro \u017ealovan\u00e9ho to byl p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd rozsudek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v je, s v\u00fdjimkou n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, trestn\u00e9 pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b st\u00ed\u017enosti. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pokud ob\u011b\u0165 poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v nepod\u00e1 \u017ealobu, nelze pachatele potrestat. Zejm\u00e9na na internetu je kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159epos\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed velmi snadn\u00e9, tak\u017ee je pro jednotlivce velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 dokonale chr\u00e1nit sv\u00e1 autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. To je realita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby samotn\u00ed auto\u0159i byli opatrn\u00ed a p\u0159ipraveni, ale pokud dojde k poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, doporu\u010dujeme co nejd\u0159\u00edve se poradit s zku\u0161en\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo dal\u0161\u00edmu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed \u0161kody a aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat spravedliv\u00e9 od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nyn\u00ed je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 vid\u011bt &#8216;obr\u00e1zky&#8217; a &#8216;videa&#8217; na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch a internetov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, mezi &#8216;obr\u00e1zky&#8217; a &#8216;videa&#8217;, kter\u00e9 vid\u00edme ka\u017ed\u00fd den, jsou ta [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63824,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,28],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61051"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61051"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61051\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63825,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61051\/revisions\/63825"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63824"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61051"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61051"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}