{"id":61068,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:22","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61068"},"modified":"2024-03-27T17:03:57","modified_gmt":"2024-03-27T08:03:57","slug":"libel-law-utility","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/libel-law-utility","title":{"rendered":"Vznik po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti a ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>je-li vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za probl\u00e9m, takov\u00e9, \u017ee sni\u017euje objektivn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jedinec obdr\u017e\u00ed od spole\u010dnosti v souvislosti s jeho charakterem, ctnost\u00ed, pov\u011bst\u00ed, d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost\u00ed atd., m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zalo\u017eeno bez ohledu na to, zda toto vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed skute\u010dnosti nebo vyjad\u0159uje n\u00e1zory \u010di hodnocen\u00ed,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Rozhodnut\u00ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu ze dne 9. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1997 (rok 1997 podle gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e))<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti n\u00e1zory nebo hodnocen\u00edm, pokud jsou spln\u011bny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i po\u017eadavky, je nez\u00e1konnost pop\u0159ena (odm\u00edtnut\u00ed nez\u00e1konnosti) a po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti je osvobozeno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>N\u00e1zory nebo hodnocen\u00ed se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu (ve\u0159ejnost)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00da\u010delem n\u00e1zor\u016f nebo hodnocen\u00ed je v\u00fdhradn\u011b prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho dobra (ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fakta, na kter\u00fdch jsou zalo\u017eeny, jsou prok\u00e1z\u00e1na jako pravdiv\u00e1 (pravdivost) nebo existuj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 d\u016fvody k v\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee tato fakta jsou pravdiv\u00e1 (adekv\u00e1tnost)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nen\u00ed to \u00fatok na osobu nebo n\u00e1zor nebo hodnocen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ekra\u010duje jeho r\u00e1mec<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Z t\u011bchto, ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem, kter\u00fd je nej\u010dast\u011bji zmi\u0148ov\u00e1n p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o tom, zda je po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti n\u00e1zory nebo hodnocen\u00edm zalo\u017eeno, kdy je skute\u010dn\u011b uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n u soudu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/expressions-and-defamation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/expressions-and-defamation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/libel-law-utility\/#Co_je_verejny_prospech\" title=\"Co je ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prosp\u011bch\">Co je ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prosp\u011bch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/libel-law-utility\/#Verejny_zajem_a_verejnost\" title=\"Ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem a ve\u0159ejnost\">Ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem a ve\u0159ejnost<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/libel-law-utility\/#Kdy_je_uznana_verejna_prospesnost\" title=\"Kdy je uzn\u00e1na ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 prosp\u011b\u0161nost\">Kdy je uzn\u00e1na ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 prosp\u011b\u0161nost<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/libel-law-utility\/#Veci_tykajici_se_verejneho_zajmu\" title=\" V\u011bci t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu \"> V\u011bci t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu <\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/libel-law-utility\/#Kdy_neni_uznana_verejna_prospesnost\" title=\" Kdy nen\u00ed uzn\u00e1na ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 prosp\u011b\u0161nost \"> Kdy nen\u00ed uzn\u00e1na ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 prosp\u011b\u0161nost <\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/libel-law-utility\/#V_pripade_zavaznych_prispevku\" title=\" V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f \"> V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/libel-law-utility\/#Pripad_kdy_byla_odmena_cilem\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy byla odm\u011bna c\u00edlem\">P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy byla odm\u011bna c\u00edlem<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/libel-law-utility\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_verejny_prospech\"><\/span>Co je ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prosp\u011bch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prosp\u011bch je definov\u00e1n v \u010dl\u00e1nku 230 odst. 2 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku (Japanese Penal Code) jako &#8220;p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy je jeho \u00fa\u010delem v\u00fdhradn\u011b slou\u017eit ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu prosp\u011bchu&#8221;, a tak\u00e9 v nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soudn\u00ed praxi, kde je uvedeno &#8220;v\u00fdhradn\u011b slou\u017eit ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu prosp\u011bchu&#8221;. To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee pokud existuje jak\u00fdkoliv jin\u00fd \u00fa\u010del ne\u017e ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prosp\u011bch, ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prosp\u011bch je pop\u0159en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V soudn\u00edm sporu o vr\u00e1cen\u00ed reklamn\u00edch poplatk\u016f mezi spole\u010dnost\u00ed A, kter\u00e1 provozuje internetovou reklamn\u00ed \u010dinnost, a spole\u010dnost\u00ed B, kter\u00e1 po\u017e\u00e1dala o reklamu, Tokijsk\u00fd okresn\u00ed soud (Tokyo District Court) uznal ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prosp\u011bch v reakci na tvrzen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti A, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem nen\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prosp\u011bch, ale uspokojen\u00ed soukrom\u00e9 msty. Soud uvedl, \u017ee &#8220;pokud je hlavn\u00edm motivem ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prosp\u011bch, lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee existuje \u00fa\u010del slou\u017eit v\u00fdhradn\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu prosp\u011bchu&#8221; (rozsudek ze dne 8. listopadu 2012 (Gregorian calendar year)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Verejny_zajem_a_verejnost\"><\/span>Ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem a ve\u0159ejnost<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve\u0159ejnost znamen\u00e1 &#8220;fakta t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu&#8221;, tak\u017ee pokud je toto uzn\u00e1no, \u010dasto se uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee existuje ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem. Ve skute\u010dnosti, u soudu, pokud existuje ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem, \u010dasto se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky tohoto druhu jsou &#8220;zam\u011b\u0159eny na ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem&#8221;, jin\u00fdmi slovy, \u017ee existuje ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem, a pokud neexistuj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy k zpochybn\u011bn\u00ed tohoto rozhodnut\u00ed, ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem je potvrzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dopravn\u00ed nehody, kdy \u017ealobce po\u017eadoval zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli, proto\u017ee na diskusn\u00edm f\u00f3ru byl uve\u0159ejn\u011bn p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed jeho \u010dest, Tokijsk\u00fd okresn\u00ed soud uvedl: &#8220;Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se t\u00fdk\u00e1 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu a proto m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1no, \u017ee je zam\u011b\u0159en v\u00fdhradn\u011b na ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem a nebyly p\u0159edlo\u017eeny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy, kter\u00e9 by mohly zpochybnit toto rozhodnut\u00ed&#8221; (rozsudek ze dne 31. \u0159\u00edjna 2008 (rok 2008 podle gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e)). To lze pova\u017eovat za obecn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kdy_je_uznana_verejna_prospesnost\"><\/span>Kdy je uzn\u00e1na ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 prosp\u011b\u0161nost<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_381746308-1024x694.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9792\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak\u017ee, za jak\u00fdch podm\u00ednek je ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 prosp\u011b\u0161nost skute\u010dn\u011b uzn\u00e1na?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy spole\u010dnost (X2) a jej\u00ed p\u0159edseda (X1) po\u017eadovali od pr\u00e1vn\u00edka, kter\u00fd napsal blogov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek, od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 60 milion\u016f jen\u016f a odstran\u011bn\u00ed blogu a zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed omluvy, proto\u017ee po\u0161kodil \u010dest p\u0159edsedy a spole\u010dnosti v blogov\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku, kter\u00fd napsal, \u017ee &#8220;toto jedn\u00e1n\u00ed koupit politiku za pen\u00edze mus\u00ed b\u00fdt d\u016fkladn\u011b kritizov\u00e1no&#8221; atd., v souvislosti s t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159edseda v\u00fdrobce kosmetick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f p\u016fj\u010dil 800 milion\u016f jen\u016f b\u00fdval\u00e9mu p\u0159edsedovi strany &#8220;Minna no T\u014d&#8221;, kter\u00e1 se rozpustila.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Veci_tykajici_se_verejneho_zajmu\"><\/span> V\u011bci t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_1262417026-1024x512.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9793\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Obh\u00e1jce ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho kritizoval skute\u010dnost, \u017ee poskytl obrovskou p\u016fj\u010dku osob\u011b, kter\u00e1 byla p\u0159edsedou politick\u00e9 strany a \u010dlenem parlamentu, jako\u017eto metodu podpory volebn\u00edch fond\u016f, co\u017e je v rozporu s principy z\u00e1kona o regulaci politick\u00fdch fond\u016f (japonsk\u00fd Z\u00e1kon o regulaci politick\u00fdch fond\u016f). Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd pouze komentoval a jeho obsah nep\u0159ekro\u010dil \u00fatok na osobnost \u017ealobc\u016f, ale byl \u010dist\u011b politick\u00fdm projevem. \u017dalobci, jako v\u00fdrobci a z\u00e1stupci podnik\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed a prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed potravin, dopl\u0148k\u016f stravy nebo kosmetiky, maj\u00ed vliv p\u0159\u00edmo spojen\u00fd se zdrav\u00edm ob\u010dan\u016f, maj\u00ed postaven\u00ed podobn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 osob\u011b a m\u011bli by b\u00fdt p\u0159ipraveni na kritiku od ob\u010dan\u016f stejn\u011b jako politici, pokud poskytli hotovost bez ozn\u00e1men\u00ed podle z\u00e1kona o regulaci politick\u00fdch fond\u016f. Tvrdili, \u017ee &#8220;tato z\u00e1le\u017eitost se t\u00fdk\u00e1 skute\u010dnost\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu a jej\u00ed zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed bylo v\u00fdhradn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159eno na ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prosp\u011bch&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud na to odpov\u011bd\u011bl t\u00edm, \u017ee \u010dl\u00e1nek ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho byl n\u00e1zorem nebo koment\u00e1\u0159em a jeho obsah &#8220;d\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm dojem, \u017ee tato p\u016fj\u010dka zkresluje politiku ve prosp\u011bch \u017ealobc\u016f a sni\u017euje jejich soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, &#8220;je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee byl prok\u00e1z\u00e1n d\u016fkaz o pravdivosti d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed skute\u010dnost\u00ed, na kter\u00fdch je zalo\u017een&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p> Tato z\u00e1le\u017eitost je projevem n\u00e1zoru nebo koment\u00e1\u0159e, omezuje se na skute\u010dnosti t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je v\u00fdhradn\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prosp\u011bch, byl prok\u00e1z\u00e1n d\u016fkaz o pravdivosti d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdch skute\u010dnost\u00ed a lze uznat logickou souvislost mezi p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdmi skute\u010dnostmi a n\u00e1zorem nebo koment\u00e1\u0159em, a nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee p\u0159ekro\u010dil hranice n\u00e1zoru nebo koment\u00e1\u0159e, jako je \u00fatok na osobu, a proto by m\u011bl b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nez\u00e1konn\u00fd. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> (Rozsudek Okresn\u00edho soudu v Tokiu ze dne 2. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2015 (rok 2015)) <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Od\u016fvodnil nez\u00e1konnost, tedy neuznal pomluvu, a tak\u00e9 &#8220;v\u00fdrazy jako &#8220;man\u017eel a jeho pomocn\u00edk&#8221; a &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce&#8221;, kter\u00e9 se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt posm\u011b\u0161ky, nelze pova\u017eovat za \u00fatok na osobnost jednotlivce a nelze uznat, \u017ee pop\u00edraj\u00ed osobn\u00ed hodnotu nad r\u00e1mec soci\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho rozsahu, a proto nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 limity&#8221;, a zam\u00edtl n\u00e1roky \u017ealobc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee je to u\u010debnicov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad projevu t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edho se \u010dinnosti politik\u016f a lid\u00ed kolem nich a pomluvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-and-decline-in-social-reputation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-and-decline-in-social-reputation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/cases-not-recognized-as-defamation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/cases-not-recognized-as-defamation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kdy_neni_uznana_verejna_prospesnost\"><\/span> Kdy nen\u00ed uzn\u00e1na ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 prosp\u011b\u0161nost <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p> I kdy\u017e tvrd\u00edte, \u017ee jste psali na blog atd. s c\u00edlem prosazovat ve\u0159ejn\u00fd prosp\u011bch, mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy to nebude uzn\u00e1no. Kdy by to mohlo b\u00fdt? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"V_pripade_zavaznych_prispevku\"><\/span> V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy X1, kter\u00fd zalo\u017eil blog o syndromu Aspergera a provozuje nakladatelstv\u00ed, a jeho man\u017eel X2 po\u017eadovali n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody na z\u00e1klad\u011b protipr\u00e1vn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee byly provedeny p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed jejich \u010dest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>X1, kter\u00fd je tak\u00e9 editorem A, kter\u00fd publikoval knihy o autismu a podobn\u00fdch poruch\u00e1ch, p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161el o autismu a v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch poruch\u00e1ch v r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech a p\u016fsobil jako \u010dlen Rady pro podporu politik pro osoby se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm v Kancel\u00e1\u0159i kabinetu jako p\u0159ekladatel, obvin\u011bn\u00fd tvrdil, \u017ee &#8220;A je fiktivn\u00ed postava s autismem, kterou vytvo\u0159il X1, kter\u00fd je zdrav\u00fd a skute\u010dn\u00fd, pro sv\u016fj obchod, a X1 hraje A&#8221; a &#8220;X2 tak\u00e9 vytvo\u0159il A pro sv\u016fj obchod s podporou sv\u00e9 man\u017eelky&#8221; a opakovan\u011b psal p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky, kter\u00e9 obvin\u011bn\u00e9 ozna\u010dovaly za &#8220;podvodn\u00edky&#8221;, &#8220;zlo\u010dince&#8221;, &#8220;perverty&#8221;, &#8220;X1 m\u00e1 r\u00e1d pen\u00edze&#8221;, &#8220;X2 m\u00e1 anorexii&#8221; atd., asi 80kr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obvin\u011bn\u00fd tvrdil, \u017ee t\u00edm, \u017ee X1, kter\u00fd je zdrav\u00fd, hraje roli pacienta s autismem A, se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed, jako je &#8220;stres se uvol\u0148uje sebepo\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00edm&#8221;, mezi pacienty s autismem, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro spole\u010dnost. &#8220;Osoba jm\u00e9nem A&#8221; p\u016fsob\u00ed ve ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch funkc\u00edch, jako je \u010dlenstv\u00ed v Rade pro podporu politik pro osoby se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm v Kancel\u00e1\u0159i kabinetu, a existuje nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed autismu ve spole\u010dnosti. N\u00e1kupci knih o autismu od &#8220;osoby jm\u00e9nem A&#8221; vyd\u00e1van\u00fdch t\u00edmto nakladatelstv\u00edm jsou v omylu, \u017ee je napsal pacient s autismem, a jsou oklam\u00e1ni o jejich pen\u00edze. Nav\u00edc, tyto knihy tak\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdch informac\u00ed o autismu ve spole\u010dnosti. Hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f bylo \u0161\u00ed\u0159it spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed autismu ve spole\u010dnosti a zabr\u00e1nit t\u011bmto nebezpe\u010d\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na to soud uznal, \u017ee blogov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky d\u00e1vaj\u00ed najevo, \u017ee X1 a X2 jsou &#8220;osoby, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed postavu jm\u00e9nem A pro sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed prosp\u011bch&#8221;, &#8220;podvodn\u00edci&#8221;, &#8220;zlo\u010dinci&#8221; atd. pro nespecifikovan\u00fd po\u010det lid\u00ed, co\u017e sni\u017euje jejich soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu se soud dotkl rozsahu a doby zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed asi 80 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f, po\u010dtu p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f a zp\u016fsobu jejich psan\u00ed, a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f kritizuje nebo hodnot\u00ed \u010diny nebo povahu \u017ealobc\u016f pomoc\u00ed v\u00fdraz\u016f, kter\u00e9 nelze ozna\u010dit jinak ne\u017e jako osobn\u00ed \u00fatoky, a pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na jejich slova a t\u00f3n, jednostrann\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee \u017ealobci d\u011blaj\u00ed n\u011bco nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho nebo neleg\u00e1ln\u00edho, a kritizuj\u00ed je s urputnost\u00ed, a nelze v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b uznat, \u017ee hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f je slou\u017eit ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu z\u00e1jmu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Rozsudek Okresn\u00edho soudu v Tokiu ze dne 16. \u0159\u00edjna 2009 (2009))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>a na\u0159\u00eddil obvin\u011bn\u00e9mu zaplatit \u017ealobci X1 1,1 milionu korun jako od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed a 110 tis\u00edc korun za pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1klady, \u017ealobci X2 700 tis\u00edc korun jako od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed a 70 tis\u00edc korun za pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1klady, celkem 1,98 milionu korun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto, i kdy\u017e tvrd\u00edte, \u017ee slou\u017e\u00edte ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu z\u00e1jmu, pokud jde o z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky, kter\u00e9 lze pova\u017eovat za osobn\u00ed \u00fatoky, ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem nebude uzn\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/compensation-for-defamation-damages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/compensation-for-defamation-damages[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_kdy_byla_odmena_cilem\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy byla odm\u011bna c\u00edlem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak jsme ji\u017e uvedli v jin\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku na na\u0161em webu &#8220;Sebev\u00fdroba a hodnocen\u00ed str\u00e1nek nebo hodnocen\u00ed str\u00e1nek vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch affiliate marketingem&#8221;, existuje p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 pl\u00e1nuje, vyv\u00edj\u00ed a prod\u00e1v\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed jazykov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, po\u017e\u00e1dala spole\u010dnost Google o zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli, aby mohla po\u017eadovat n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody a z\u00e1kaz budouc\u00edch poru\u0161en\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b nez\u00e1konn\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na cti od affiliate marketingu, a bylo to uzn\u00e1no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/self-made-rankingsite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/self-made-rankingsite[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spole\u010dnost Google tvrdila, \u017ee &#8220;skute\u010dnost, \u017ee existuje mnoho st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed na v\u00fdrobky na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 jsou poskytov\u00e1ny nespecifikovan\u00e9mu po\u010dtu spot\u0159ebitel\u016f, a zda jsou \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9, a zda jsou jejich reklamn\u00ed metody spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm spole\u010densk\u00fdm z\u00e1jmem a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1na za skute\u010dnost t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu&#8221; a &#8220;tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek m\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed c\u00edl poskytnout spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 informace o \u00fa\u010dinnosti a reklamn\u00edch metod\u00e1ch na\u0161ich v\u00fdrobk\u016f, a m\u00e1 ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem&#8221;. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, \u017ealobce tvrdil, \u017ee &#8220;tato str\u00e1nka je affiliate str\u00e1nka, tak\u017ee tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek, kter\u00fd kritizuje na\u0161e produkty za \u00fa\u010delem z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed odm\u011bny, nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u010dist\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem. Pokud by bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee str\u00e1nka, kter\u00e1 se maskuje jako shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1zor\u016f obecn\u00fdch spot\u0159ebitel\u016f a skr\u00fdv\u00e1 sv\u016fj ekonomick\u00fd z\u00e1jem na z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed reklamn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, je \u010dist\u011b ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu, pak by bylo povoleno, aby reklamn\u00ed str\u00e1nky \u00fato\u010dily na konkuren\u010dn\u00ed produkty, co\u017e by byl v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m&#8221; a &#8220;i kdyby tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za n\u00e1zor nebo koment\u00e1\u0159, pokud je zalo\u017een na p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdch skute\u010dnostech a d\u011bl\u00e1 nesmysln\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry, nebudou uzn\u00e1ny d\u016fvody pro odm\u00edtnut\u00ed nez\u00e1konnosti, i kdy\u017e nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k osobn\u00edmu \u00fatoku&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na to soud odpov\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee \u017ealobce \u00famysln\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 reklamn\u00ed slogany, kter\u00e9 by mohly v\u00e9st k omylu obecn\u00fdch spot\u0159ebitel\u016f, a \u017ee jsou podvodn\u00e9 a klamn\u00e9, a d\u00e1le, \u017ee je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee tyto jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou mnoha st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed od spot\u0159ebitel\u016f na v\u00fdrobky \u017ealobce a sni\u017euj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed \u017ealobce. Nav\u00edc,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Tato str\u00e1nka by m\u011bla m\u00edt za hlavn\u00ed c\u00edl z\u00edskat affiliate odm\u011bnu t\u00edm, \u017ee odkazuje na obsah v\u00fdrobk\u016f \u017ealobce a jeho reklamn\u00ed metody, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed negativn\u00ed dojem a sni\u017euje jeho hodnocen\u00ed a vede k n\u00e1kupu konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch anglick\u00fdch v\u00fdukov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, tak\u017ee tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u010dist\u011b ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Rozsudek Okresn\u00edho soudu v Tokiu ze dne 13. \u010dervence 2015)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>A na\u0159\u00eddil spole\u010dnosti Google, aby zve\u0159ejnila informace o odes\u00edlateli, proto\u017ee nebyl uzn\u00e1n \u00fa\u010del slou\u017eit ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu z\u00e1jmu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee pokud je c\u00edlem odm\u011bna nebo soukrom\u00fd z\u00e1jem, jako jsou reklamn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy, ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem nebude uzn\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/provider-liability-limitation-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/provider-liability-limitation-law[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/jurisdiction-of-judgement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/jurisdiction-of-judgement[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pouh\u00fd pokles spole\u010densk\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eete uplatnit n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody za pomluvu. I kdy\u017e strana, kter\u00e1 napsala p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1 ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem, neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem bude v\u017edy uzn\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ur\u010den\u00ed, zda je mo\u017en\u00e9 uplatnit n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody za pomluvu, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u011bkdy obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se, pros\u00edm, pora\u010fte s na\u0161imi zku\u0161en\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti, je-li vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za probl\u00e9m, takov\u00e9, \u017ee sni\u017euje objektivn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jedinec obdr\u017e\u00ed od spole\u010dnosti v souvislosti s jeho charakterem, ctnost\u00ed, p [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63527,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61068"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61068"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61068\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63528,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61068\/revisions\/63528"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63527"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}