{"id":61094,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:23","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61094"},"modified":"2024-03-27T17:48:40","modified_gmt":"2024-03-27T08:48:40","slug":"youtube-libel-company","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/youtube-libel-company","title":{"rendered":"O trestn\u00e9m \u010dinu pomluvy v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ur\u00e1\u017eky jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed nebo firem na Youtube"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Na YouTube se ka\u017ed\u00fd den zve\u0159ej\u0148uj\u00ed videa r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1nr\u016f a existuje mnoho typ\u016f YouTuber\u016f. YouTuberi \u010dasto zve\u0159ej\u0148uj\u00ed videa s c\u00edlem z\u00edskat co nejv\u00edce div\u00e1k\u016f, ale existuj\u00ed i takzvan\u00ed YouTuberi, kte\u0159\u00ed vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory a p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed o ostatn\u00edch lidech nebo firm\u00e1ch s c\u00edlem z\u00edskat div\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z t\u011bchto YouTuber\u016f p\u0159edkl\u00e1daj\u00ed velmi rozumn\u00e9 argumenty, ale existuj\u00ed i YouTuberi, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed z\u00edskat co nejv\u00edce zhl\u00e9dnut\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee vyslovuj\u00ed radik\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1zory nebo ur\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed ostatn\u00ed lidi nebo firmy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>YouTuberi maj\u00ed svobodu vyjad\u0159ovat jak\u00e9koliv n\u00e1zory, ale v z\u00e1vislosti na obsahu jejich prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt obvin\u011bni z pomluvy jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed, firem nebo organizac\u00ed a mohou b\u00fdt st\u00edh\u00e1ni za pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se zd\u00e1, \u017ee se objevuje st\u00e1le v\u00edce lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed nev\u00e1haj\u00ed \u00fato\u010dit na ostatn\u00ed lidi, firmy nebo organizace sv\u00fdmi prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edmi, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad YouTuberi, kte\u0159\u00ed se neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed za p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 zem\u0159el\u00fdch, nebo ti, kte\u0159\u00ed neust\u00e1le ur\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed slavn\u00e9 osobnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku vysv\u011btl\u00edme pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee na YouTube pomlouv\u00e1te jin\u00e9 lidi, firmy nebo organizace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/youtube-libel-company\/#Mozna_pravni_odpovednost\" title=\"Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost\">Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/youtube-libel-company\/#O_trestnem_cinu_pomluvy\" title=\"O trestn\u00e9m \u010dinu pomluvy\">O trestn\u00e9m \u010dinu pomluvy<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/youtube-libel-company\/#O_clanku_230_odstavci_1_Japonskeho_trestniho_zakona\" title=\"O \u010dl\u00e1nku 230 odstavci 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona\">O \u010dl\u00e1nku 230 odstavci 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/youtube-libel-company\/#Pripady_kdy_neni_trestny_cin_pomluvy_uplatnen_i_kdyz_jsou_splneny_jeho_podminky\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpady, kdy nen\u00ed trestn\u00fd \u010din pomluvy uplatn\u011bn, i kdy\u017e jsou spln\u011bny jeho podm\u00ednky\">P\u0159\u00edpady, kdy nen\u00ed trestn\u00fd \u010din pomluvy uplatn\u011bn, i kdy\u017e jsou spln\u011bny jeho podm\u00ednky<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/youtube-libel-company\/#O_clanku_230_odstavci_2_Japonskeho_trestniho_zakona\" title=\"O \u010dl\u00e1nku 230 odstavci 2 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona\">O \u010dl\u00e1nku 230 odstavci 2 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/youtube-libel-company\/#O_trestnem_cinu_urazky_na_cti\" title=\"O trestn\u00e9m \u010dinu ur\u00e1\u017eky na cti\">O trestn\u00e9m \u010dinu ur\u00e1\u017eky na cti<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/youtube-libel-company\/#Trestne_ciny_pomluvy_a_urazky_na_cti_jsou_trestne_ciny_na_podnet\" title=\"Trestn\u00e9 \u010diny pomluvy a ur\u00e1\u017eky na cti jsou trestn\u00e9 \u010diny na podn\u011bt\">Trestn\u00e9 \u010diny pomluvy a ur\u00e1\u017eky na cti jsou trestn\u00e9 \u010diny na podn\u011bt<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/youtube-libel-company\/#O_trestnych_cinech_poskozeni_duvery_a_naruseni_obchodni_cinnosti_podvodem\" title=\"O trestn\u00fdch \u010dinech po\u0161kozen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry a naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti podvodem\">O trestn\u00fdch \u010dinech po\u0161kozen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry a naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti podvodem<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/youtube-libel-company\/#O_trestnem_cinu_poskozeni_duvery\" title=\"O trestn\u00e9m \u010dinu po\u0161kozen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry\">O trestn\u00e9m \u010dinu po\u0161kozen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/youtube-libel-company\/#O_trestnem_cinu_naruseni_obchodni_cinnosti\" title=\"O trestn\u00e9m \u010dinu naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti\">O trestn\u00e9m \u010dinu naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/youtube-libel-company\/#Odpovednost_za_skodu_na_zaklade_protipravniho_jednani\" title=\"Odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161kodu na z\u00e1klad\u011b protipr\u00e1vn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed\">Odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161kodu na z\u00e1klad\u011b protipr\u00e1vn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/youtube-libel-company\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mozna_pravni_odpovednost\"><\/span>Mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\nPokud se dopust\u00edte pomluvy v\u016f\u010di jin\u00fdm osob\u00e1m nebo spole\u010dnostem \/ pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdm osob\u00e1m, m\u016f\u017eete \u010delit n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm mo\u017en\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm odpov\u011bdnostem:\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li> Trest za pomluvu (\u010dl\u00e1nek 230 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Trest za ur\u00e1\u017eku (\u010dl\u00e1nek 231 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trest za po\u0161kozen\u00ed kreditu \/ trest za naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti podvodem (\u010dl\u00e1nek 233 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161kodu zp\u016fsobenou protipr\u00e1vn\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm (\u010dl\u00e1nek 709 a \u010dl\u00e1nek 710 Japonsk\u00e9ho ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tresty za pomluvu, ur\u00e1\u017eku a naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti podvodem \/ po\u0161kozen\u00ed kreditu p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost, zat\u00edmco odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161kodu zp\u016fsobenou protipr\u00e1vn\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159edstavuje civiln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_trestnem_cinu_pomluvy\"><\/span>O trestn\u00e9m \u010dinu pomluvy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve se pod\u00edvejme na trestn\u00fd \u010din pomluvy, jak je definov\u00e1n v \u010dl\u00e1nku 230 odstavci 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona (Japanese Penal Code).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>(Pomluva)<br>\u010cl\u00e1nek 230: Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo ve\u0159ejn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00ed skute\u010dnosti a po\u0161kozuje \u010dest jin\u00e9 osoby, bude potrest\u00e1n trestem odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody na dobu do t\u0159\u00ed let nebo pokutou do 500 000 jen\u016f, bez ohledu na to, zda jsou tyto skute\u010dnosti pravdiv\u00e9. 2. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo po\u0161kozuje \u010dest zem\u0159el\u00e9 osoby, nebude potrest\u00e1n, pokud to neud\u011blal t\u00edm, \u017ee uv\u00e1d\u011bl nepravdiv\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<cite>\u010cl\u00e1nek 230 odstavec 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak je uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, trestn\u00fd \u010din pomluvy je definov\u00e1n v odstavc\u00edch 1 a 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_clanku_230_odstavci_1_Japonskeho_trestniho_zakona\"><\/span>O \u010dl\u00e1nku 230 odstavci 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve se pod\u00edvejme na odstavec 1. Pro spln\u011bn\u00ed podm\u00ednek odstavce 1 je t\u0159eba splnit n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed po\u017eadavky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>&#8220;Ve\u0159ejn\u011b&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;Uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed skute\u010dnost\u00ed&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;Po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti jin\u00e9 osoby&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Prvn\u00ed po\u017eadavek, &#8220;ve\u0159ejn\u011b&#8221;, znamen\u00e1 stav, kdy nespecifikovan\u00fd nebo velk\u00fd po\u010det lid\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee rozpoznat uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 informace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b YouTube, pokud je video ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00e9, je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee ho m\u016f\u017ee vid\u011bt nespecifikovan\u00fd nebo velk\u00fd po\u010det lid\u00ed, tak\u017ee prvn\u00ed po\u017eadavek je spln\u011bn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le, &#8220;uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed skute\u010dnost\u00ed&#8221; znamen\u00e1 uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed skute\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by mohly sn\u00ed\u017eit soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed osoby, \u00fastn\u011b, p\u00edsemn\u011b, nebo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kresby atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud na YouTube pomlouv\u00e1te n\u011bkoho, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee obsah pomluvy zahrnuje informace, kter\u00e9 by mohly sn\u00ed\u017eit soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed osoby, a uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto informac\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm videa je tak\u00e9 pova\u017eov\u00e1no za &#8220;uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed&#8221;, tak\u017ee druh\u00fd po\u017eadavek je \u010dasto spln\u011bn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 mluvit o &#8220;po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti jin\u00e9 osoby&#8221;, je obecn\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1no, \u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed uv\u00e9st skute\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 by mohly sn\u00ed\u017eit soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed jin\u00e9 osoby, a\u0165 u\u017e konkr\u00e9tn\u011b po\u0161kozuj\u00ed \u010dest jin\u00e9 osoby, firmy nebo pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 osoby, nebo ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak je uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, pokud video na YouTube, kter\u00e9 pomlouv\u00e1 jinou osobu, firmu nebo pr\u00e1vnickou osobu, spl\u0148uje v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 po\u017eadavky 1 a\u017e 3, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt spln\u011bn trestn\u00fd \u010din pomluvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripady_kdy_neni_trestny_cin_pomluvy_uplatnen_i_kdyz_jsou_splneny_jeho_podminky\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpady, kdy nen\u00ed trestn\u00fd \u010din pomluvy uplatn\u011bn, i kdy\u017e jsou spln\u011bny jeho podm\u00ednky<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e jsou spln\u011bny podm\u00ednky trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu pomluvy podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 230 odstavce 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona, pokud se jedn\u00e1 o p\u0159\u00edpad uveden\u00fd v \u010dl\u00e1nku 230-2 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona, nebude trestn\u00fd \u010din pomluvy potrest\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>(Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu)<br>\u010cl\u00e1nek 230-2: Pokud \u010din uveden\u00fd v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku odstavec 1 souvis\u00ed se skute\u010dnostmi t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edmi se ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu a jeho hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem je v\u00fdhradn\u011b prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho dobra, nebude tento \u010din potrest\u00e1n, pokud je skute\u010dnost pravdiv\u00e1 a je to prok\u00e1z\u00e1no. 2. Pro \u00fa\u010dely uplatn\u011bn\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00edho odstavce se skute\u010dnosti t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti osoby, proti kter\u00e9 nebylo zah\u00e1jeno trestn\u00ed st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed, pova\u017euj\u00ed za skute\u010dnosti t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu. 3. Pokud \u010din uveden\u00fd v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku odstavec 1 souvis\u00ed se skute\u010dnostmi t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edmi se ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zam\u011bstnance nebo kandid\u00e1ta na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zam\u011bstnance zvolen\u00e9ho ve ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch, nebude tento \u010din potrest\u00e1n, pokud je skute\u010dnost pravdiv\u00e1 a je to prok\u00e1z\u00e1no.<\/p>\n<cite>\u010cl\u00e1nek 230-2 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pokud pomluva na YouTube souvis\u00ed s ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm z\u00e1jmem a hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem nahr\u00e1n\u00ed videa je prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho dobra, nebude trestn\u00fd \u010din pomluvy potrest\u00e1n, pokud je obsah videa pravdiv\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_clanku_230_odstavci_2_Japonskeho_trestniho_zakona\"><\/span>O \u010dl\u00e1nku 230 odstavci 2 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le se pod\u00edvejme na odstavec 2, kter\u00fd se t\u00fdk\u00e1 &#8220;zem\u0159el\u00fdch&#8221; jako subjektu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro spln\u011bn\u00ed podm\u00ednek odstavce 2 nesta\u010d\u00ed pouze uv\u00e9st skute\u010dnosti, ale je nutn\u00e9 uv\u00e9st &#8220;nepravdiv\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho je nutn\u00e9, aby pachatel byl v\u011bdom\u00fd toho, \u017ee jsou nepravdiv\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je na YouTube nahr\u00e1no video, kter\u00e9 pomlouv\u00e1 zem\u0159elou osobu, nebude trestn\u00fd \u010din pomluvy spln\u011bn, pokud je obsah videa pravdiv\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak i kdy\u017e pomlouv\u00e1te zem\u0159elou osobu a trestn\u00fd \u010din pomluvy nen\u00ed spln\u011bn, m\u016f\u017eete b\u00fdt vystaveni soci\u00e1ln\u00ed kritice, tak\u017ee nen\u00ed doporu\u010deno nahr\u00e1vat takov\u00e1 videa na YouTube.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_trestnem_cinu_urazky_na_cti\"><\/span>O trestn\u00e9m \u010dinu ur\u00e1\u017eky na cti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/8-1-1024x714.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10397\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Trestn\u00fd \u010din ur\u00e1\u017eky na cti je v \u010dl\u00e1nku 231 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku (Japanese Penal Code) definov\u00e1n n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>(Ur\u00e1\u017eka na cti)<br>\u010cl\u00e1nek 231: Kdo ve\u0159ejn\u011b uraz\u00ed jinou osobu, i bez uveden\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch skute\u010dnost\u00ed, bude potrest\u00e1n zadr\u017een\u00edm nebo pokutou.<\/p>\n<cite> \u010cl\u00e1nek 231 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Trestn\u00fd \u010din ur\u00e1\u017eky na cti se li\u0161\u00ed od trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu pomluvy t\u00edm, \u017ee k jeho sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bt konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed skute\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Term\u00edn &#8220;ur\u00e1\u017eka na cti&#8221; se vztahuje na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed abstraktn\u00edho n\u00e1zoru, kter\u00fd jinou osobu pohrdav\u011b znev\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ve spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud na YouTube bez uveden\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch skute\u010dnost\u00ed pomlouv\u00e1te jinou osobu, firmu nebo pr\u00e1vnickou osobu, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt spln\u011bna podm\u00ednka pro trestn\u00fd \u010din ur\u00e1\u017eky na cti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trestne_ciny_pomluvy_a_urazky_na_cti_jsou_trestne_ciny_na_podnet\"><\/span>Trestn\u00e9 \u010diny pomluvy a ur\u00e1\u017eky na cti jsou trestn\u00e9 \u010diny na podn\u011bt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Trestn\u00e9 \u010diny pomluvy a ur\u00e1\u017eky na cti jsou trestn\u00e9 \u010diny na podn\u011bt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trestn\u00fd \u010din na podn\u011bt je takov\u00fd, kter\u00fd &#8220;nelze st\u00edhat bez pod\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00edho ozn\u00e1men\u00ed&#8221; (\u010dl\u00e1nek 232 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pokud na YouTube zve\u0159ejn\u00edte video, kter\u00e9 pomlouv\u00e1 jinou osobu, firmu nebo pr\u00e1vnickou osobu, neznamen\u00e1 to automaticky, \u017ee by byl sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n trestn\u00fd \u010din pomluvy nebo ur\u00e1\u017eky na cti. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed mo\u017enost trestn\u00edho st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed se objev\u00ed pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee ob\u011b\u0165 pod\u00e1 trestn\u00ed ozn\u00e1men\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto, i kdy\u017e na YouTube zve\u0159ejn\u00edte video, kter\u00e9 pomlouv\u00e1 jinou osobu, pokud se up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b omluv\u00edte doty\u010dn\u00e9 osob\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee existovat mo\u017enost, \u017ee se vyhnete pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_trestnych_cinech_poskozeni_duvery_a_naruseni_obchodni_cinnosti_podvodem\"><\/span>O trestn\u00fdch \u010dinech po\u0161kozen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry a naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti podvodem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Trestn\u00e9 \u010diny po\u0161kozen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry a naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti podvodem jsou definov\u00e1ny v \u010dl\u00e1nku 233 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona (japonsk\u00fd ~ Trestn\u00ed z\u00e1kon) n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>(Po\u0161kozen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry a naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti)<br>\u010cl\u00e1nek 233: Kdo \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00e9 zv\u011bsti nebo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 podvod k po\u0161kozen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho nebo k naru\u0161en\u00ed jeho obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti, bude potrest\u00e1n trestem odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a\u017e na t\u0159i roky nebo pokutou do 500 000 jen\u016f.<\/p>\n<cite> \u010cl\u00e1nek 233 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/trust-damage-crime-establishment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/trust-damage-crime-establishment[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_trestnem_cinu_poskozeni_duvery\"><\/span>O trestn\u00e9m \u010dinu po\u0161kozen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve, &#8220;d\u016fv\u011bra n\u011bkoho&#8221; se nevztahuje na obecnou d\u016fv\u011bru, ale na d\u016fv\u011bru n\u011bkoho v ekonomick\u00e9m kontextu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o d\u016fv\u011bru v schopnost nebo v\u016fli platit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le, &#8220;\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00fdch zv\u011bst\u00ed&#8221; znamen\u00e1 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zv\u011bst\u00ed nebo informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou v rozporu s objektivn\u00edmi fakty, mezi neur\u010dit\u00fdm nebo velk\u00fdm po\u010dtem lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Pou\u017eit\u00ed podvodu&#8221; znamen\u00e1 vyu\u017eit\u00ed nev\u011bdomosti nebo omylu jin\u00e9 osoby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A &#8220;po\u0161kozen\u00ed&#8221; znamen\u00e1 mo\u017enost sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 d\u016fv\u011bry n\u011bkoho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud nap\u0159\u00edklad na YouTube zve\u0159ejn\u00edte video, kter\u00e9 pomlouv\u00e1 jinou osobu, a obsah videa se t\u00fdk\u00e1 ekonomick\u00e9 d\u016fv\u011bry jin\u00e9 osoby, firmy nebo pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 osoby, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt spln\u011bna podm\u00ednka pro trestn\u00fd \u010din po\u0161kozen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_trestnem_cinu_naruseni_obchodni_cinnosti\"><\/span>O trestn\u00e9m \u010dinu naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti, je definov\u00e1n v t\u00e9m\u017ee \u010dl\u00e1nku jako trestn\u00fd \u010din po\u0161kozen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry, tak\u017ee existuj\u00ed p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se prvky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee vysv\u011btl\u00edme prvky, kter\u00e9 se nep\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve, &#8220;obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnost&#8221; znamen\u00e1 \u00fakoly nebo podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se pravideln\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b profese nebo jin\u00e9ho soci\u00e1ln\u00edho postaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud na YouTube zve\u0159ejn\u00edte video, kter\u00e9 pomlouv\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed restauraci, a div\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed vid\u011bli toto video, za\u010dnou volat do t\u00e9to restaurace s reklamacemi nebo ji obt\u011b\u017eovat, co\u017e vede k tomu, \u017ee restaurace nem\u016f\u017ee provozovat svou \u010dinnost, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt spln\u011bna podm\u00ednka pro trestn\u00fd \u010din naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stejn\u011b tak, pokud na YouTube zve\u0159ejn\u00edte video, ve kter\u00e9m tvrd\u00edte, \u017ee konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed spole\u010dnost je &#8220;\u010dernou firmou&#8221;, a\u010dkoli takov\u00fd fakt neexistuje, a div\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed vid\u011bli toto video, za\u010dnou masov\u011b pod\u00e1vat st\u00ed\u017enosti, co\u017e br\u00e1n\u00ed norm\u00e1ln\u00edmu provozu, takov\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 spadat pod trestn\u00fd \u010din naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/coronavirus-related-hoax-and-arrest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/coronavirus-related-hoax-and-arrest[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Odpovednost_za_skodu_na_zaklade_protipravniho_jednani\"><\/span>Odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161kodu na z\u00e1klad\u011b protipr\u00e1vn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dosud jsme p\u0159edstavili trestn\u00e9 \u010diny pomluvy (\u010dl\u00e1nek 230 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona), ur\u00e1\u017eky na cti (\u010dl\u00e1nek 231 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona) a trestn\u00e9 \u010diny po\u0161kozen\u00ed kreditu \/ podvodn\u00e9ho naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti (\u010dl\u00e1nek 233 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona), kter\u00e9 byly trestn\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed. Odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161kodu na z\u00e1klad\u011b protipr\u00e1vn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u0161ak odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed v ob\u010dansk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve, odpov\u011bdnost za n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody na z\u00e1klad\u011b protipr\u00e1vn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed je stanovena v \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch 709 a 710 Japonsk\u00e9ho ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>(N\u00e1hrada \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 protipr\u00e1vn\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm)<br>\u010cl\u00e1nek 709: Osoba, kter\u00e1 \u00famysln\u011b nebo z nedbalosti poru\u0161ila pr\u00e1va jin\u00e9 osoby nebo z\u00e1jmy chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00e1konem, je povinna nahradit \u0161kodu zp\u016fsobenou t\u00edmto poru\u0161en\u00edm. (N\u00e1hrada \u0161kody mimo majetek)<br>\u010cl\u00e1nek 710: Bez ohledu na to, zda do\u0161lo k poru\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bla, svobody nebo cti jin\u00e9 osoby, nebo k poru\u0161en\u00ed majetkov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v jin\u00e9 osoby, osoba, kter\u00e1 je odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody podle p\u0159edchoz\u00edho \u010dl\u00e1nku, mus\u00ed nahradit i \u0161kodu mimo majetek.<\/p>\n<cite> \u010cl\u00e1nky 709 a 710 Japonsk\u00e9ho ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161kodu na z\u00e1klad\u011b protipr\u00e1vn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno, znamen\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost za n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, pokud \u00famysln\u011b nebo z nedbalosti poru\u0161\u00edte pr\u00e1va nebo z\u00e1jmy jin\u00e9 osoby chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00e1konem a zp\u016fsob\u00edte j\u00ed t\u00edm \u0161kodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud na YouTube zve\u0159ejn\u00edte video, kter\u00e9 pomlouv\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed osobu, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tato \u010dinnost pova\u017eov\u00e1na za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u016f\u017eete b\u00fdt po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1ni o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody ob\u011bt\u00ed pomluvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de v\u00fd\u0161e n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadu, ale pokud je pomluva pova\u017eov\u00e1na za z\u00e1va\u017enou, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fd\u0161e n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody vysok\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent#i-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent#i-9[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e jsme vysv\u011btlili pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pomluv jin\u00fdch osob nebo spole\u010dnost\u00ed na YouTube.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e mluv\u00edme o pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti, m\u016f\u017eeme m\u00edt na mysli r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy, jako je trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost nebo ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost. Pokud se chyst\u00e1te st\u00e1t se YouTuberem, kter\u00fd se v\u011bnuje kritice, doporu\u010duje se, abyste m\u00edsto pomluv vyjad\u0159ovali sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory a \u00favahy ve form\u011b vide\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Videa pomlouvaj\u00edc\u00ed jin\u00e9 osoby nebo spole\u010dnosti mohou sice do\u010dasn\u011b z\u00edskat velk\u00fd po\u010det zhl\u00e9dnut\u00ed, ale mohou tak\u00e9 v\u00e9st k pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti. Nav\u00edc m\u016f\u017eete \u010delit kritice ve\u0159ejnosti a st\u00e1t se c\u00edlem soci\u00e1ln\u00edch sankc\u00ed. A i kdy\u017e z\u00edsk\u00e1te mnoho zhl\u00e9dnut\u00ed, existuje tak\u00e9 riziko, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 \u00fa\u010det bude pozastaven nebo smaz\u00e1n. Proto lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vide\u00ed pomlouvaj\u00edc\u00edch jin\u00e9 osoby nebo spole\u010dnosti je velmi riskantn\u00ed \u010dinnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro posouzen\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pomluv jin\u00fdch osob nebo spole\u010dnost\u00ed na YouTube je vy\u017eadov\u00e1na znalost pr\u00e1va a odborn\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed. Pokud se chyst\u00e1te st\u00e1t se YouTuberem, kter\u00fd se v\u011bnuje kritice, nebo pokud jste byli pomlouv\u00e1ni v YouTube videu, doporu\u010dujeme se obr\u00e1tit na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud chcete z\u00edskat informace z tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku ve form\u011b videa, pod\u00edvejte se na na\u0161e video na na\u0161em YouTube kan\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/RzHgYaCFkBM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/RzHgYaCFkBM[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na YouTube se ka\u017ed\u00fd den zve\u0159ej\u0148uj\u00ed videa r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1nr\u016f a existuje mnoho typ\u016f YouTuber\u016f. YouTuberi \u010dasto zve\u0159ej\u0148uj\u00ed videa s c\u00edlem z\u00edskat co nejv\u00edce div\u00e1k\u016f, ale existuj\u00ed i takzvan\u00ed YouTuberi, kte\u0159\u00ed vyja [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63551,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,22],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61094"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61094"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61094\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63552,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61094\/revisions\/63552"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63551"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61094"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61094"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61094"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}