{"id":61105,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:23","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61105"},"modified":"2024-03-26T14:15:32","modified_gmt":"2024-03-26T05:15:32","slug":"malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent","title":{"rendered":"Jak\u00e9 pomluvy a ur\u00e1\u017eky se pova\u017euj\u00ed za poru\u0161en\u00ed cti? Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed 7 konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>S rozvojem a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed se st\u00e1v\u00e1 mo\u017en\u00fdm, aby kdokoli mohl svobodn\u011b vyjad\u0159ovat sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory na internetu, co\u017e vede k tomu, \u017ee \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 pomluvami prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm anonymn\u00edch diskusn\u00edch f\u00f3r a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za takov\u00e9 pomluvy existuj\u00ed nejen metody, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 ur\u00e1\u017ekou na cti, ale tak\u00e9 metody, kter\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee byly poru\u0161eny city cti. Dokonce i kdy\u017e nen\u00ed uzn\u00e1na ur\u00e1\u017eka na cti, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1na n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody za poru\u0161en\u00ed cit\u016f cti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku konkr\u00e9tn\u011b vysv\u011btl\u00edme rozd\u00edl mezi ur\u00e1\u017ekou na cti a poru\u0161en\u00edm cit\u016f cti a p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy je uzn\u00e1na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00edm cit\u016f cti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#Spolecenska_a_subjektivni_cest\" title=\"Spole\u010densk\u00e1 a subjektivn\u00ed \u010dest\">Spole\u010densk\u00e1 a subjektivn\u00ed \u010dest<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#Pripady_kdy_je_uznano_protipravni_jednani_z_duvodu_poruseni_cti\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpady, kdy je uzn\u00e1no protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed z d\u016fvodu poru\u0161en\u00ed cti\">P\u0159\u00edpady, kdy je uzn\u00e1no protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed z d\u016fvodu poru\u0161en\u00ed cti<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#Okolnosti_zvazovane_pri_uznani_odpovednosti_za_protipravni_jednani\" title=\"Okolnosti zva\u017eovan\u00e9 p\u0159i uzn\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed\">Okolnosti zva\u017eovan\u00e9 p\u0159i uzn\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#Okolnosti_zvazovane_pri_neuznani_odpovednosti_za_protipravni_jednani\" title=\"Okolnosti zva\u017eovan\u00e9 p\u0159i neuzn\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed\">Okolnosti zva\u017eovan\u00e9 p\u0159i neuzn\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#Sedm_prikladu_rozhodnuti_o_pomluve_a_poruseni_cti\" title=\"Sedm p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f rozhodnut\u00ed o pomluv\u011b a poru\u0161en\u00ed cti\">Sedm p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f rozhodnut\u00ed o pomluv\u011b a poru\u0161en\u00ed cti<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#Prehled_pripadu\" title=\"P\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edpadu\">P\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edpadu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#Prispevek_%E2%80%9CAbsurdni%E2%80%9D\" title=\" P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek &#8220;Absurdn\u00ed&#8221;\"> P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek &#8220;Absurdn\u00ed&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#Prispevky_oznacujici_nekoho_jako_%E2%80%9Cosklivy%E2%80%9D_nebo_%E2%80%9Cnechutny%E2%80%9D\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkoho jako &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00fd&#8221; nebo &#8220;nechutn\u00fd&#8221;\">P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkoho jako &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00fd&#8221; nebo &#8220;nechutn\u00fd&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#Publikovani_o_milostnem_partnerovi_jako_o_%E2%80%9Cosklivem%E2%80%9D\" title=\"Publikov\u00e1n\u00ed o milostn\u00e9m partnerovi jako o &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00e9m&#8221;\">Publikov\u00e1n\u00ed o milostn\u00e9m partnerovi jako o &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00e9m&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#Prispevek_oznacujici_nekoho_jako_%E2%80%9Cosklivou%E2%80%9D\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkoho jako &#8220;o\u0161klivou&#8221;\">P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkoho jako &#8220;o\u0161klivou&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#Prispevek_oznacujici_jako_%E2%80%9Coskliva%E2%80%9D_2\" title=\" P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed jako &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00e1&#8221; 2\"> P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed jako &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00e1&#8221; 2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#Prispevky_jako_%E2%80%9Clehkovazna%E2%80%9D\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky jako &#8220;lehkov\u00e1\u017en\u00e1&#8221;\">P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky jako &#8220;lehkov\u00e1\u017en\u00e1&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#Prispevek_tvrdici_ze_obrys_obliceje_je_%E2%80%9Cjako_brambor%E2%80%9D\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek tvrd\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee obrys obli\u010deje je &#8220;jako brambor&#8221;\">P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek tvrd\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee obrys obli\u010deje je &#8220;jako brambor&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#Shrnuti_soudnich_pripadu\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f\">Shrnut\u00ed soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#Pravni_pohled_na_urazky_vuci_celebritam\" title=\"Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pohled na ur\u00e1\u017eky v\u016f\u010di celebrit\u00e1m\">Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pohled na ur\u00e1\u017eky v\u016f\u010di celebrit\u00e1m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#O_skode_zpusobene_porusenim_cti\" title=\"O \u0161kod\u011b zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00edm cti\">O \u0161kod\u011b zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00edm cti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#Shrnuti_V_pripade_pomluv_na_internetu_se_obratte_na_pravnika\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed: V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pomluv na internetu se obra\u0165te na pr\u00e1vn\u00edka\">Shrnut\u00ed: V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pomluv na internetu se obra\u0165te na pr\u00e1vn\u00edka<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/malicious-slander-defamation-of-character-precedent\/#Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Spolecenska_a_subjektivni_cest\"><\/span>Spole\u010densk\u00e1 a subjektivn\u00ed \u010dest<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro rozli\u0161en\u00ed mezi pomluvou (poru\u0161en\u00edm \u010dest) a poru\u0161en\u00edm pocitu \u010dest je t\u0159eba pochopit rozd\u00edl mezi &#8220;\u010dest\u00ed&#8221; v pomluv\u011b a &#8220;pocitem \u010dest&#8221; v poru\u0161en\u00ed pocitu \u010dest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;\u010cest&#8221; v pomluv\u011b je definov\u00e1na jako &#8220;objektivn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bk dost\u00e1v\u00e1 od spole\u010dnosti ohledn\u011b jeho charakteru, ctnost\u00ed, pov\u011bsti, d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti atd.&#8221; (nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud, 11. \u010dervna 1986 (Showa 61), Civil Collection 40, \u010d. 4, str. 872).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto, pokud je va\u0161e hodnocen\u00ed (spole\u010densk\u00e1 \u010dest) od ostatn\u00edch po\u0161kozeno pomluvou, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1na nez\u00e1konn\u00e1 \u010dinnost z pomluvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, &#8220;pocit \u010dest&#8221; v poru\u0161en\u00ed pocitu \u010dest je definov\u00e1n jako &#8220;subjektivn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bk m\u00e1 ohledn\u011b sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed hodnoty&#8221; (druh\u00fd men\u0161\u00ed soud, 18. prosince 1970 (Showa 45), Civil Collection 24, \u010d. 13, str. 2151).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto, pokud je va\u0161e sebe\u00facta nebo hrdost (subjektivn\u00ed \u010dest) po\u0161kozena ur\u00e1\u017ekou, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1na nez\u00e1konn\u00e1 \u010dinnost z poru\u0161en\u00ed pocitu \u010dest. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, i kdy\u017e nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee va\u0161e spole\u010densk\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed kles\u00e1 kv\u016fli v\u00fdrok\u016fm jako &#8220;blbec&#8221; nebo &#8220;idiot&#8221;, pokud m\u016f\u017eete \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee va\u0161e sebe\u00facta nebo hrdost byla po\u0161kozena, m\u016f\u017eete tvrdit poru\u0161en\u00ed pocitu \u010dest a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt prostor pro n\u00e1pravu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripady_kdy_je_uznano_protipravni_jednani_z_duvodu_poruseni_cti\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpady, kdy je uzn\u00e1no protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed z d\u016fvodu poru\u0161en\u00ed cti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/pixta_19851967_M-1-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"P\u0159\u00edpady, kdy je uzn\u00e1no protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed z d\u016fvodu poru\u0161en\u00ed cti\" class=\"wp-image-6732\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Cti&#8221; se rozum\u00ed, jak jsme ji\u017e vysv\u011btlili, subjektivn\u00ed cti, jako je sebe\u00facta nebo hrdost. Cti m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v oblasti t\u011bchto subjektivn\u00edch emoc\u00ed nevyhnuteln\u011b zran\u011bna, kdy\u017e hodnot\u00edme ostatn\u00ed, a m\u016f\u017ee zranit sebe\u00factu a podobn\u00e9. Pokud by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 uplatnit odpov\u011bdnost za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, jakmile je cti zran\u011bna, mohlo by to omezit svobodu hodnocen\u00ed ostatn\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Abychom se vyhnuli takov\u00fdm \u0161kod\u00e1m, je nutn\u00e9, aby byla uzn\u00e1na odpov\u011bdnost za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed z d\u016fvodu poru\u0161en\u00ed cti, \u017ee &#8220;je uzn\u00e1no jako ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ekra\u010duje hranice p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 v soci\u00e1ln\u00edm smyslu&#8221; (nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud, 13. dubna 2010 (2010), Sb\u00edrka rozhodnut\u00ed a stanovisek, svazek 64, \u010d\u00edslo 3, strana 758).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak\u00e9 okolnosti jsou tedy zva\u017eov\u00e1ny v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy je uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee jde o &#8220;ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ekra\u010duje hranice p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 v soci\u00e1ln\u00edm smyslu&#8221;? N\u00ed\u017ee se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na okolnosti, kter\u00e9 jsou zva\u017eov\u00e1ny p\u0159i uzn\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a okolnosti, kter\u00e9 jsou zva\u017eov\u00e1ny, kdy\u017e nen\u00ed uzn\u00e1na, na z\u00e1klad\u011b trend\u016f v re\u00e1ln\u00fdch soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Okolnosti_zvazovane_pri_uznani_odpovednosti_za_protipravni_jednani\"><\/span>Okolnosti zva\u017eovan\u00e9 p\u0159i uzn\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00fdrazy, kter\u00e9 pop\u00edraj\u00ed existenci ob\u011bti, jako je &#8220;chci, aby jsi zem\u0159el&#8221;, a ur\u00e1\u017elivost samotn\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazu je siln\u00e1, m\u00e1 tendenci b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1na za ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ekra\u010duje hranice p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 v soci\u00e1ln\u00edm smyslu (Tokyo District Court, 7. listopadu 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho, i kdy\u017e ur\u00e1\u017elivost samotn\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazu je odli\u0161n\u00e1, pokud jsou v\u00fdrazy ur\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed ostatn\u00ed opakovan\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny ve stejn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku, m\u00e1 tendenci b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1na odpov\u011bdnost za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed (Tokyo District Court, 25. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le, pokud m\u016f\u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00fd \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 p\u0159i setk\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem, kter\u00fd je p\u0159edm\u011btem sporu, pochopit, \u017ee je to ur\u010deno ob\u011bti (pokud je mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikovat), zva\u017euje se mo\u017enost, \u017ee ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek na ob\u011b\u0165 je p\u0159ed\u00e1n nespecifikovan\u00e9mu po\u010dtu lid\u00ed, a m\u00e1 tendenci b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1na odpov\u011bdnost za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed (Fukuoka District Court, 26. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Okolnosti_zvazovane_pri_neuznani_odpovednosti_za_protipravni_jednani\"><\/span>Okolnosti zva\u017eovan\u00e9 p\u0159i neuzn\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00fd v\u00fdraz pou\u017eit pouze jednou nebo pokud nen\u00ed uveden \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed d\u016fvod a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze na \u00farovni n\u00e1zoru nebo dojmu, m\u00e1 tendenci b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1n za ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nep\u0159ekra\u010duje hranice p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 v soci\u00e1ln\u00edm smyslu (nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud, 13. dubna 2010 (2010), Sb\u00edrka rozhodnut\u00ed a stanovisek, svazek 64, \u010d\u00edslo 3, strana 758).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho, pokud se omezuje pouze na pouk\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed na &#8220;nez\u00e1konnost&#8221; a v\u00fdraz nem\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tnost nebo jeho v\u00fdznam je nejasn\u00fd, m\u00e1 tendenci b\u00fdt neuzn\u00e1na odpov\u011bdnost za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed (Tokyo District Court, 12. b\u0159ezna 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sedm_prikladu_rozhodnuti_o_pomluve_a_poruseni_cti\"><\/span>Sedm p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f rozhodnut\u00ed o pomluv\u011b a poru\u0161en\u00ed cti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/shutterstock_1335103466-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Sedm p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f rozhodnut\u00ed o pomluv\u011b a poru\u0161en\u00ed cti\" class=\"wp-image-6731\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed se prov\u00e1d\u00ed v rozsudc\u00edch? Pod\u00edvejme se, jak jsou jednotliv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky hodnoceny v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm soudn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadu (Tokyo District Court, 15. ledna 2019 (Heisei 31)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prehled_pripadu\"><\/span>P\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edpadu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dalobce publikoval na sv\u00e9m blogu \u010dl\u00e1nky o kr\u00e1se a zdrav\u00ed, rand\u011bn\u00ed a l\u00e1sce, a aktivit\u00e1ch spojen\u00fdch s hled\u00e1n\u00edm partnera pro s\u0148atek. \u017dalovan\u00fd identifikoval jm\u00e9no \u017ealobce z fotografi\u00ed obli\u010deje publikovan\u00fdch na tomto blogu a opakovan\u011b ho pomlouval na vl\u00e1knech internetov\u00e9ho diskusn\u00edho f\u00f3ra &#8220;5chan&#8221;. \u017dalobce tedy po\u017eadoval od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za sedm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 pova\u017eoval za problematick\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee se podrobn\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1me na to, jak bylo rozhodnuto o ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky byly publikov\u00e1ny anonymn\u011b, \u017ealobce identifikoval jm\u00e9no a adresu autora p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u017e\u00e1dosti o zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli a pot\u00e9 podal \u017ealobu na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody proti autorovi p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f. Pro v\u00edce informac\u00ed o \u017e\u00e1dosti o zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli, pros\u00edm, viz n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/disclosure-of-the-senders-information\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Co je \u017e\u00e1dost o zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli? Advok\u00e1t vysv\u011btluje postup a body, na kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba d\u00e1t pozor[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/provider-liability-limitation-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Co je \u017e\u00e1dost o zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli pro identifikaci pachatele p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku?[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prispevek_%E2%80%9CAbsurdni%E2%80%9D\"><\/span> P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek &#8220;Absurdn\u00ed&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve, co se t\u00fd\u010de p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku, kter\u00fd byl naps\u00e1n na blogu \u017ealobkyn\u011b a kter\u00fd byl ozna\u010den jako &#8220;pochybn\u00fd kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 absurdit\u011b&#8221;, bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee to &#8220;je pouze vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1zoru \u017ealovan\u00e9ho po p\u0159e\u010dten\u00ed dan\u00e9ho blogu&#8221; a proto nebylo uzn\u00e1no jako ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed hranice spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek, kter\u00fd ozna\u010dil \u017ealobkyni jako &#8220;hloupou \u017eenu&#8221;, byl uzn\u00e1n jako ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed hranice spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho, proto\u017ee to bylo &#8220;p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek odsuzuj\u00edc\u00ed samotnou osobnost \u017ealobkyn\u011b&#8221; a bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikovat, \u017ee se t\u00fdk\u00e1 \u017ealobkyn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prispevky_oznacujici_nekoho_jako_%E2%80%9Cosklivy%E2%80%9D_nebo_%E2%80%9Cnechutny%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkoho jako &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00fd&#8221; nebo &#8220;nechutn\u00fd&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud uznal, \u017ee ozna\u010den\u00ed \u017ealobce jako &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00e9ho&#8221; a jeho partnera jako &#8220;nechutn\u00e9ho&#8221; p\u0159esahuje spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 hranice ur\u00e1\u017eky. V\u00fdraz &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00fd&#8221; znamen\u00e1 &#8220;m\u00edt o\u0161kliv\u00fd vzhled&#8221; a v\u00fdraz &#8220;nechutn\u00fd&#8221; nazna\u010duje &#8220;m\u00edt k n\u011bmu odpor&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Publikovani_o_milostnem_partnerovi_jako_o_%E2%80%9Cosklivem%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>Publikov\u00e1n\u00ed o milostn\u00e9m partnerovi jako o &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00e9m&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku, ve kter\u00e9m byl ozna\u010den milostn\u00fd partner \u017ealobce jako &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00fd trpasl\u00edk, kter\u00fd je jen mlad\u00fd&#8221;, nebylo to pova\u017eov\u00e1no za ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed hranice spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho, proto\u017ee to nebylo ur\u00e1\u017eka sm\u011b\u0159ovan\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo na \u017ealobce a nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee by vztah s osobou, kter\u00e1 je takto zesm\u011b\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1na, obecn\u011b ovliv\u0148oval hodnocen\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 d\u016fstojnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stejn\u011b tak, pokud jde o p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek, ve kter\u00e9m byl \u017ealobce ozna\u010den jako &#8220;\u017ealostn\u00fd&#8221; kv\u016fli tomu, jak se chov\u00e1 s takov\u00fdm milostn\u00fdm partnerem, i kdy\u017e to nelze pova\u017eovat za m\u00edrn\u00fd v\u00fdraz, nebylo to pova\u017eov\u00e1no za ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed hranice spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho, proto\u017ee to &#8220;nezahrnovalo nic v\u00edc ne\u017e n\u00e1zor na chov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017ealobce&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mce_70\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prispevek_oznacujici_nekoho_jako_%E2%80%9Cosklivou%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkoho jako &#8220;o\u0161klivou&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bylo uzn\u00e1no jako ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 hranice, \u017ee \u017ealobce byl ozna\u010den v\u00fdrazy jako &#8220;Jak je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee i upraven\u00e1 fotka je o\u0161kliv\u00e1, haha&#8221;, kde bylo slovo &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00e1&#8221;, kter\u00e9 je synonymem pro &#8220;o\u0161klivka&#8221;, pou\u017eito \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t a na konci byla pou\u017eita zna\u010dka &#8220;haha&#8221;, kter\u00e1 znamen\u00e1 sm\u00edch, co\u017e ur\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u017ealobce. Bylo tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010dit, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o zm\u00ednku o \u017ealobci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prispevek_oznacujici_jako_%E2%80%9Coskliva%E2%80%9D_2\"><\/span> P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed jako &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00e1&#8221; 2<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bylo uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed \u017ealobkyni jako &#8220;o\u0161klivou&#8221; nebo &#8220;ubohou&#8230; opravdu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd den vypad\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ece&#8221; p\u0159ekra\u010duje soci\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 hranice ur\u00e1\u017eky, stejn\u011b jako ostatn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, \u010d\u00e1sti hodnot\u00edc\u00ed jako &#8220;uboh\u00e1&#8221; atd. nebyly uzn\u00e1ny jako ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 hranice, proto\u017ee &#8220;neur\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u011b vzhled \u017ealobkyn\u011b atd., pouze vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed domn\u011bnky \u017ealovan\u00e9ho&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prispevky_jako_%E2%80%9Clehkovazna%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky jako &#8220;lehkov\u00e1\u017en\u00e1&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f jako &#8220;pou\u0161t\u00edm do sv\u00e9ho domu jen o\u0161kliv\u00e9 trpasl\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed jen sex&#8221; nebo &#8220;mus\u00ed\u0161 se zbavit sv\u00e9 lehkov\u00e1\u017enosti, jinak jako o\u0161klivka nem\u00e1\u0161 budoucnost&#8221;, lze &#8220;cht\u011bj\u00ed jen sex&#8221; interpretovat v kontextu jako &#8220;maj\u00ed za c\u00edl pouze m\u00edt sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed vztah&#8221;. Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek nazna\u010duje, \u017ee &#8220;\u017ealobkyn\u011b je osoba, kter\u00e1 lehkomysln\u011b vstupuje do sexu\u00e1ln\u00edch vztah\u016f a je o\u0161kliv\u00e1&#8221;. Bylo uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee toto p\u0159ekra\u010duje hranice ur\u00e1\u017eky, kter\u00e1 je spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prispevek_tvrdici_ze_obrys_obliceje_je_%E2%80%9Cjako_brambor%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek tvrd\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee obrys obli\u010deje je &#8220;jako brambor&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bylo uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek, kter\u00fd o \u017ealobkyni tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee obrys jej\u00edho obli\u010deje &#8220;vypad\u00e1 jako brambor&#8221; a \u017ee &#8220;i kdy\u017e jsou \u010d\u00e1sti obli\u010deje velk\u00e9, vypad\u00e1 o\u0161kliv\u011b, proto\u017ee obrys nen\u00ed dob\u0159e tvarovan\u00fd&#8221;, je ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00fd a p\u0159ekra\u010duje hranice spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek konkr\u00e9tn\u011b popisuje vzhled \u017ealobkyn\u011b a ozna\u010duje ji za &#8220;o\u0161klivou&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti_soudnich_pripadu\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto soudn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se podrobn\u011b zkoum\u00e1, zda lze ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed pova\u017eovat za &#8220;p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed limit\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou obecn\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 ve spole\u010dnosti&#8221;, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se bere v \u00favahu z\u00e1va\u017enost a konkr\u00e9tnost v\u00fdrok\u016f v p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch a jejich frekvence. Zji\u0161\u0165ujeme, \u017ee zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm jsou tyto prvky zohledn\u011bny, je v souladu s trendem ji\u017e prezentovan\u00fdch soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pochopen\u00edm trend\u016f v rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edem ur\u010dit, na kter\u00e9 prvky bychom m\u011bli zam\u011b\u0159it, abychom dos\u00e1hli uzn\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00edm cti a d\u016fstojnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-and-infringement-of-self-esteem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Co je poru\u0161en\u00ed cti a d\u016fstojnosti a jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00fdmi v\u00fdroky jako &#8220;hlup\u00e1k&#8221; nebo &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00fd&#8221;?[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravni_pohled_na_urazky_vuci_celebritam\"><\/span>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pohled na ur\u00e1\u017eky v\u016f\u010di celebrit\u00e1m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V r\u00e1mci r\u016fzn\u00fdch televizn\u00edch po\u0159ad\u016f se n\u011bkdy setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s ur\u00e1\u017ekami na adresu celebrit, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad ozna\u010den\u00ed &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00e1&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je ur\u010dit\u00e1 osoba ozna\u010dena za &#8220;o\u0161klivou&#8221; nebo podobn\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za ur\u00e1\u017eku, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ekra\u010duje hranice obecn\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, pokud je takov\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed explicitn\u011b nebo implicitn\u011b tolerov\u00e1no, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tato skute\u010dnost zohledn\u011bna p\u0159i posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed, zda bylo p\u0159ekro\u010deno obecn\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak zpochybn\u011bna odpov\u011bdnost za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto se zd\u00e1, \u017ee kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem p\u0159i posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed je, zda bylo ur\u00e1\u017een\u00ed celebrit v r\u00e1mci televizn\u00edch po\u0159ad\u016f p\u0159edem schv\u00e1leno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_skode_zpusobene_porusenim_cti\"><\/span>O \u0161kod\u011b zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00edm cti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/pixta_27223689_M-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"O \u0161kod\u011b zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00edm cti\" class=\"wp-image-6733\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed cti m\u016f\u017eete po\u017eadovat n\u00e1hradu za bolest a utrpen\u00ed (du\u0161evn\u00ed \u0161kodu), pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1klady a n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 s odhalen\u00edm informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli jako sou\u010d\u00e1st \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de v\u00fd\u0161e od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za bolest a utrpen\u00ed, budou zohledn\u011bny r\u016fzn\u00e9 faktory, jako je po\u010det p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f, obsah p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f, zda je p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek viditeln\u00fd pro nespecifikovan\u00fd po\u010det lid\u00ed, zda byl z\u00e1m\u011br ur\u00e1\u017eet atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad v ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9m soudn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadu (Tokyo District Court, 15. ledna 2019 (Heisei 31)) bylo zohledn\u011bno, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky byly opakovan\u00e9, byly zve\u0159ejn\u011bny na internetov\u00e9m diskusn\u00edm f\u00f3ru, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee kdokoli prohl\u00ed\u017eet, a obsah p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f byl ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00fd v\u016f\u010di vzhledu \u017ealobce, jako je &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00e1&#8221; nebo &#8220;\u0161kared\u00e1&#8221;, a bylo stanoveno od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 200 000 jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadu, Tokyo District Court, 4. b\u0159ezna 2022 (Reiwa 4), bylo zohledn\u011bno, \u017ee obsah p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku byl zlomysln\u00fd, \u017ee byl jasn\u00fd z\u00e1m\u011br ur\u00e1\u017eet \u017ealobce jednostrann\u011b, \u017ee nebylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee \u017ealovan\u00fd se omluvil \u017ealobci, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, \u017ee nebyly uvedeny konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed skute\u010dnosti a byly pouze ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy, \u017ee poru\u0161en\u00ed cti nebylo dosa\u017eeno, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st poru\u0161en\u00ed cti byla omezena na kr\u00e1tk\u00fd text atd., a bylo stanoveno od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 80 000 jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto je v\u00fd\u0161e od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za bolest a utrpen\u00ed stanovena na z\u00e1klad\u011b konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch faktor\u016f v ka\u017ed\u00e9m jednotliv\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, ale \u010dasto se st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee \u017ealobce nen\u00ed s v\u00fd\u0161\u00ed spokojen. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 argumenty a d\u016fkazy o okolnostech, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad du\u0161evn\u00ed \u0161kody, v r\u00e1mci soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de pr\u00e1vn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f a n\u00e1klad\u016f spojen\u00fdch s odhalen\u00edm informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli, pros\u00edm, odkazujte se na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jak\u00fd je standard a metoda v\u00fdpo\u010dtu n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody pro pachatele pomluvy[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti_V_pripade_pomluv_na_internetu_se_obratte_na_pravnika\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed: V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pomluv na internetu se obra\u0165te na pr\u00e1vn\u00edka<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku jsme vysv\u011btlili, \u017ee p\u0159i pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za pomluvy na internetu je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eit nejen po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti, ale tak\u00e9 odpov\u011bdnost za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00edm cti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00edm cti je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, zda lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee pomluva p\u0159ekra\u010duje &#8220;limity p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 ve spole\u010dnosti&#8221;. Jak jsme ji\u017e vysv\u011btlili, p\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, zda p\u0159ekra\u010duje &#8220;limity p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 ve spole\u010dnosti&#8221;, se zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 faktory, nejen z\u00e1va\u017enost v\u00fdrazu, ale tak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tnost obsahu a frekvence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 podrobn\u011b prozkoumat, jak\u00fd v\u00fdznam maj\u00ed tyto jednotliv\u00e9 faktory p\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, vzhledem k soudn\u00ed praxi, a konzultace s odborn\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1. Pokud m\u00e1te probl\u00e9my s p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky na internetu, nev\u00e1hejte se obr\u00e1tit na odborn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith je pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 kancel\u00e1\u0159 s vysokou odbornost\u00ed v oblasti IT, zejm\u00e9na internetu a pr\u00e1va. V posledn\u00edch letech m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed informac\u00ed o pomluv\u00e1ch a \u0161kod\u00e1ch na pov\u011bsti, kter\u00e9 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na internetu, zp\u016fsobit v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 \u0161kody. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u0161kod na pov\u011bsti a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed konflikt\u016f. Podrobnosti jsou uvedeny v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obory, kter\u00fdmi se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/practices\/reputation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed \u0161kod na pov\u011bsti[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S rozvojem a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed se st\u00e1v\u00e1 mo\u017en\u00fdm, aby kdokoli mohl svobodn\u011b vyjad\u0159ovat sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory na internetu, co\u017e vede k tomu, \u017ee \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 pomluvami prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm anonymn\u00edch diskusn [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63320,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61105"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61105"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61105\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63321,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61105\/revisions\/63321"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61105"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61105"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}