{"id":61119,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:23","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61119"},"modified":"2025-11-17T17:10:39","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T08:10:39","slug":"privacy-invasion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/privacy-invasion","title":{"rendered":"D\u016fkladn\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed pr\u00e1va na soukrom\u00ed. Co jsou t\u0159i po\u017eadavky na poru\u0161en\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Co kdyby byly odhaleny va\u0161e osobn\u00ed informace, jako je adresa, telefonn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo, zdravotn\u00ed anamn\u00e9za nebo trestn\u00ed rejst\u0159\u00edk&#8230;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b, s rozvojem soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy jsou nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace zve\u0159ejn\u011bny ciz\u00edmi lidmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak je mo\u017en\u00e9 se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s takov\u00fdmto z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm poru\u0161en\u00edm soukrom\u00ed? Poj\u010fme to probrat s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00fdm studi\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Co_je_poruseni_soukromi\" title=\"Co je poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed\">Co je poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Klasicke_priklady_poruseni_soukromi_uznavane_v_judikature\" title=\"Klasick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 v judikatu\u0159e\">Klasick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 v judikatu\u0159e<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Pravo_na_soukromi_bylo_uznano_v_judikature\" title=\"Pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed bylo uzn\u00e1no v judikatu\u0159e\">Pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed bylo uzn\u00e1no v judikatu\u0159e<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#%E2%80%9CPo_hostine%E2%80%9D_incident_a_pravo_na_soukromi\" title=\"&#8220;Po hostin\u011b&#8221; incident a pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed\">&#8220;Po hostin\u011b&#8221; incident a pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Pravdivost_uvedenych_informaci_neni_problem\" title=\"Pravdivost uveden\u00fdch informac\u00ed nen\u00ed probl\u00e9m\">Pravdivost uveden\u00fdch informac\u00ed nen\u00ed probl\u00e9m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Svoboda_projevu_v_literature_neni_absolutni\" title=\"Svoboda projevu v literatu\u0159e nen\u00ed absolutn\u00ed\">Svoboda projevu v literatu\u0159e nen\u00ed absolutn\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#%E2%80%9CRyba_plavajici_v_kameni%E2%80%9D_a_pravo_na_soukromi\" title=\"&#8220;Ryba plavaj\u00edc\u00ed v kameni&#8221; a pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed\">&#8220;Ryba plavaj\u00edc\u00ed v kameni&#8221; a pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Patri_vzhled_jednotlivce_k_soukromi\" title=\"Pat\u0159\u00ed vzhled jednotlivce k soukrom\u00ed?\">Pat\u0159\u00ed vzhled jednotlivce k soukrom\u00ed?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Rozsah_poruseni_soukromi_uznavany_soudem\" title=\"Rozsah poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed uzn\u00e1van\u00fd soudem\">Rozsah poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed uzn\u00e1van\u00fd soudem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Vyhody_zadosti_o_pravnika\" title=\"V\u00fdhody \u017e\u00e1dosti o pr\u00e1vn\u00edka\">V\u00fdhody \u017e\u00e1dosti o pr\u00e1vn\u00edka<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/privacy-invasion\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_poruseni_soukromi\"><\/span>Co je poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud jsou informace z na\u0161eho soukrom\u00e9ho \u017eivota, kter\u00e9 dosud nebyly zve\u0159ejn\u011bny t\u0159et\u00edmi stranami, zve\u0159ejn\u011bny a ob\u011b\u0165 se c\u00edt\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u011b, pak se jedn\u00e1 o poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed, i kdy\u017e tyto informace jsou pravdiv\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed nen\u00ed trestn\u00e9 podle trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona, ale vznik\u00e1 z toho ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Klasicke_priklady_poruseni_soukromi_uznavane_v_judikature\"><\/span>Klasick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 v judikatu\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dosud byly v judikatu\u0159e uzn\u00e1ny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed klasick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Trestn\u00ed minulost<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u016fvod<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nemoci a zdravotn\u00ed historie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Otisky prst\u016f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fyzick\u00e9 charakteristiky<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u011b\u017en\u00fd \u017eivot a chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jm\u00e9no, adresa, telefonn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Soukrom\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti v dom\u00e1cnosti<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 plat\u00ed obecn\u011b i pro pomluvy na internetu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010casto sly\u0161\u00edme, \u017ee &#8220;do\u0161lo k poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed&#8221;, ale ve skute\u010dnosti neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona, kter\u00e9 by se t\u00fdkalo &#8220;poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed&#8221;. M\u00edsto toho je mo\u017en\u00e9 po\u017eadovat od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed podle ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak se tedy pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed, pro kter\u00e9 neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 explicitn\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed, vyv\u00edjelo a jak bylo uzn\u00e1no? Poj\u010fme to vysv\u011btlit s p\u0159\u00edklady z judikatury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravo_na_soukromi_bylo_uznano_v_judikature\"><\/span>Pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed bylo uzn\u00e1no v judikatu\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed se za\u010dalo uzn\u00e1vat jako &#8220;pr\u00e1vo&#8221; v judikatu\u0159e, jak se spole\u010dnost vyv\u00edjela. P\u0159\u00edpad, kter\u00fd toto nastartoval, je zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako &#8220;Po hostin\u011b&#8221;. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byly jasn\u011b stanoveny t\u0159i po\u017eadavky na poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background\">(1) Je to skute\u010dnost soukrom\u00e9ho \u017eivota nebo n\u011bco, co by mohlo b\u00fdt vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako skute\u010dnost soukrom\u00e9ho \u017eivota<br>(2) Je to n\u011bco, co by podle b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 citlivosti necht\u011bl b\u00fdt zve\u0159ejn\u011bn, pokud bychom se postavili do pozice dan\u00e9 osoby, jin\u00fdmi slovy, je to n\u011bco, co by podle b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 citlivosti mohlo zp\u016fsobit psychickou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e nebo \u00fazkost, pokud by bylo zve\u0159ejn\u011bno<br> (3) Je to n\u011bco, co je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat na obsah judikatury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CPo_hostine%E2%80%9D_incident_a_pravo_na_soukromi\"><\/span>&#8220;Po hostin\u011b&#8221; incident a pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"735\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-66977\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5;width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-2.jpg 735w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-2-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u010d\u00e1tek &#8220;pr\u00e1va na soukrom\u00ed&#8221; lze vystopovat v rom\u00e1nu &#8220;Po hostin\u011b&#8221;, kter\u00fd v roce 1960 (Showa 35) vydal Yukio Mishima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento rom\u00e1n byl inspirov\u00e1n \u017eivotem pana Yataro Arita, kter\u00fd byl diplomatem, ministrem zahrani\u010d\u00ed a dvakr\u00e1t kandidoval na post guvern\u00e9ra Tokia. Pan Arita, kter\u00fd byl modelem pro hlavn\u00ed postavu rom\u00e1nu, Y\u016bken Noguchi, po\u017eadoval od Mishimy a vydavatelstv\u00ed Shinchosha od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 1 milion jen\u016f a omluvu za du\u0161evn\u00ed utrpen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 obsahem rom\u00e1nu. Pan Arita tvrdil, \u017ee &#8220;Po hostin\u011b&#8221; naru\u0161ilo jeho soukrom\u00ed a zve\u0159ejnilo jeho osobn\u00ed \u017eivot, co\u017e mu zp\u016fsobilo nesnesiteln\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00ed utrpen\u00ed, kdy\u017e se sna\u017eil \u017e\u00edt klidn\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V reakci na tuto \u017ealobu, Tokyo District Court dne 28. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1964 (Showa 39) na\u0159\u00eddil Mishimovi a Shinchosha, aby spole\u010dn\u011b zaplatili panu Aritovi 800 000 jen\u016f (neuznali v\u0161ak po\u017eadavek na omluvu). Ve sv\u00e9m rozhodnut\u00ed soud explicitn\u011b uvedl, \u017ee &#8220;takzvan\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed je ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrana nebo pr\u00e1vo neb\u00fdt nespravedliv\u011b vystaven ve\u0159ejnosti&#8221;. Toto je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za prvn\u00ed soudn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad, kter\u00fd uznal pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravdivost_uvedenych_informaci_neni_problem\"><\/span>Pravdivost uveden\u00fdch informac\u00ed nen\u00ed probl\u00e9m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Je t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b naru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed, co je zkoum\u00e1no podle v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed, je vlastn\u011b &#8220;o \u010dem to je&#8221;, tedy ot\u00e1zka &#8220;t\u00e9matu&#8221;, a pravdivost uveden\u00fdch informac\u00ed nen\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1na za probl\u00e9m. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud jsou o ur\u010dit\u00e9 osob\u011b uvedeny informace o jej\u00ed krimin\u00e1ln\u00ed minulosti nebo p\u016fvodu, probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, zda takov\u00e9 &#8220;t\u00e9ma&#8221; spl\u0148uje krit\u00e9ria, a ne v tom, zda jsou uveden\u00e9 informace o krimin\u00e1ln\u00ed minulosti nebo p\u016fvodu pravdiv\u00e9. To nen\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za probl\u00e9m v souvislosti s &#8220;naru\u0161en\u00edm soukrom\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Svoboda_projevu_v_literature_neni_absolutni\"><\/span>Svoboda projevu v literatu\u0159e nen\u00ed absolutn\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, \u00fastava uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9 svobodu projevu. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se svobodou projevu a pr\u00e1vem na soukrom\u00ed, pokud je ochrana soukrom\u00ed uzn\u00e1na pod podm\u00ednkami, jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, &#8220;je samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee pokud existuje pr\u00e1vn\u011b opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd d\u016fvod pro zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed soukrom\u00ed jin\u00e9 osoby, chyb\u00ed mu nez\u00e1konnost a nakonec se nejedn\u00e1 o nez\u00e1konn\u00fd \u010din.&#8221; Svoboda projevu v literatu\u0159e nen\u00ed absolutn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavujeme, se t\u00fdk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va na soukrom\u00ed osoby, kter\u00e1 se stala modelem pro rom\u00e1n. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou ot\u00e1zkou bylo, zda &#8220;osobn\u00ed vzhled pat\u0159\u00ed do soukrom\u00ed&#8221;.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CRyba_plavajici_v_kameni%E2%80%9D_a_pravo_na_soukromi\"><\/span>&#8220;Ryba plavaj\u00edc\u00ed v kameni&#8221; a pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"735\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-66978\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5;width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-3.jpg 735w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-3-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-3-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Ryba plavaj\u00edc\u00ed v kameni&#8221; je rom\u00e1n, kter\u00fd byl poprv\u00e9 publikov\u00e1n v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1994 (rok 6 Heisei) v \u010dasopise &#8220;Shinchosha&#8221;. Je to debutov\u00e9 d\u00edlo japonsk\u00e9 autorky Yumi Yanagi. Hlavn\u00ed postavou je korejsk\u00e1 \u017eena \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v Japonsku, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 na obli\u010deji velk\u00fd n\u00e1dor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ed i po publikaci nebyla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zm\u00ednka o tom, \u017ee Yanagi pou\u017eila tuto \u017eenu jako model pro sv\u016fj rom\u00e1n. Kdy\u017e se o tom dozv\u011bd\u011bla od p\u0159\u00edtele, \u017eena, kter\u00e1 byla modelem, byla \u0161okov\u00e1na a protestovala proti autorce za poru\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00e9ho soukrom\u00ed, ale jej\u00ed protesty byly ignorov\u00e1ny. Proto podala \u017e\u00e1dost o p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed k zastaven\u00ed publikace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yanagi argumentovala, \u017ee &#8220;\u017ealobkyn\u011b nen\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 osoba, tak\u017ee \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i nebudou schopni identifikovat postavu v knize, Park Rika, jako \u017ealobkyni. Jeliko\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o \u010distou literaturu, fiktivn\u00ed prvek je siln\u00fd. A co se t\u00fd\u010de vzhledu, soukrom\u00ed se neuplat\u0148uje.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud prvn\u00ed instance v Tokiu na\u0159\u00eddil Yanagi, vydavatelstv\u00ed Shinchosha a \u0161\u00e9fredaktorovi spole\u010dn\u011b zaplatit od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 1 milionu jen\u016f a Yanagi samotn\u00e9 zaplatit dal\u0161\u00edch 300 000 jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve v\u00fdroku bylo uvedeno:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;Je mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikovat \u017ealobkyni a postavu v knize, proto\u017ee existuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed znaj\u00ed atributy \u017ealobkyn\u011b. Nebyla provedena \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u00e1 zm\u011bna v popisu. Skute\u010dn\u00e9 a fiktivn\u00ed skute\u010dnosti jsou vyj\u00e1d\u0159eny jako jedno a \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i nemohou snadno rozli\u0161it mezi skute\u010dnost\u00ed a fikc\u00ed. Proto je vysok\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee fikce bude chybn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1na za skute\u010dnost, co\u017e poru\u0161uje soukrom\u00ed a pocit cti \u017ealobkyn\u011b.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>Soudn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed v Tokiu, 22. \u010dervna 1999 (rok 11 Heisei)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Yanagi se odvolala, ale Tokijsk\u00fd vrchn\u00ed soud zam\u00edtl odvol\u00e1n\u00ed 15. \u00fanora 2001 (rok 13 Heisei) a uvedl, \u017ee &#8220;ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o existenci n\u00e1doru je poru\u0161en\u00edm osobn\u00edch pr\u00e1v&#8221; a op\u011bt uznal z\u00e1kaz publikace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yanagi se pot\u00e9 odvolala k Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu soudu, ale 24. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2002 (rok 14 Heisei), Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud bez \u00fastn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed uznal, \u017ee &#8220;publikov\u00e1n\u00edm soukrom\u00ed \u017eeny, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 funkci, v rom\u00e1nu byla poru\u0161ena jej\u00ed \u010dest, soukrom\u00ed a pocit cti&#8221; a rozhodl, \u017ee &#8220;pokud by byla publikov\u00e1na, mohla by \u017een\u011b zp\u016fsobit nenapravitelnou \u0161kodu&#8221; a zam\u00edtl odvol\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V jin\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku vysv\u011btlujeme p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy je mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikovat model jako skute\u010dnou osobu, i kdy\u017e jsou hlavn\u00ed postav\u011b nebo postav\u00e1m v rom\u00e1nech a podobn\u00fdch d\u00edlech d\u00e1na jin\u00e1 jm\u00e9na, a kdy je mo\u017en\u00e9 uznat pomluvu a podobn\u00e9 delikty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-privacy-infringement-identifiability\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-privacy-infringement-identifiability[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Patri_vzhled_jednotlivce_k_soukromi\"><\/span>Pat\u0159\u00ed vzhled jednotlivce k soukrom\u00ed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z bod\u016f sporu v tomto procesu bylo, zda vzhled jednotlivce pat\u0159\u00ed k soukrom\u00ed. Yanagi tvrdila, \u017ee &#8220;vzhled nem\u00e1 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s soukrom\u00edm&#8221;, ale v rozhodnut\u00ed soudu prvn\u00ed instance bylo uvedeno, \u017ee &#8220;i kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 znalosti o \u017ealobkyni nebo o tom, \u017ee m\u00e1 n\u00e1dor, nelze pop\u0159\u00edt mo\u017enost, \u017ee se stane \u010dten\u00e1\u0159em tohoto rom\u00e1nu, a odhalen\u00ed skute\u010dnosti o n\u00e1doru poru\u0161uje soukrom\u00ed \u017ealobkyn\u011b&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V rozhodnut\u00ed odvolac\u00edho soudu bylo uvedeno, \u017ee &#8220;skute\u010dnost o nemoci nebo posti\u017een\u00ed jednotlivce pat\u0159\u00ed mezi informace o jednotlivci, kter\u00e9 by jednotlivec necht\u011bl, aby byly zn\u00e1my ostatn\u00edm. Zejm\u00e9na skute\u010dnost o posti\u017een\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uje vzhled, se st\u00e1v\u00e1 objektem zv\u011bdavosti okol\u00ed, pokud je spolu s jin\u00fdmi atributy jednotlivce zve\u0159ejn\u011bna, zejm\u00e9na pokud je posti\u017een\u00ed, jako v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, vz\u00e1cn\u00e9. Bylo uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee to poru\u0161uje soukrom\u00ed a \u017ee &#8220;chyb\u00ed ohleduplnost v\u016f\u010di osob\u00e1m s n\u00e1dorem na obli\u010deji&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozsah_poruseni_soukromi_uznavany_soudem\"><\/span>Rozsah poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed uzn\u00e1van\u00fd soudem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"735\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-66979\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5;width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-4.jpg 735w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-4-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/11\/privacy-invasion-4-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f jako &#8220;Po hostin\u011b&#8221; a &#8220;Ryba plavaj\u00edc\u00ed v kameni&#8221; a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch soudn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed se postupn\u011b vymezuje rozsah poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed. V non-fik\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadu &#8220;Obrat&#8221; byla diskutov\u00e1na ot\u00e1zka &#8220;fakt\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se trestn\u00ed minulosti&#8221;. Rozsudek byl explicitn\u011b formulov\u00e1n n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Po odsouzen\u00ed nebo po odpyk\u00e1n\u00ed trestu se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee se doty\u010dn\u00fd vr\u00e1t\u00ed do spole\u010dnosti jako ob\u010dan. Proto m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na ochranu sv\u00e9ho klidu v nov\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00e9m spole\u010densk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b a na to, aby jeho resocializace nebyla naru\u0161ena zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00edm fakt\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se jeho trestn\u00ed minulosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud, 8. \u00fanora 1994 (Heisei 6)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto rozsudku se uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee pokud je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1jem na nezve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed &#8220;fakt\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se trestn\u00ed minulosti&#8221; v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e &#8220;nutnost zve\u0159ejnit fakta t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se trestn\u00ed minulosti v d\u00edle s pou\u017eit\u00edm skute\u010dn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na&#8221;, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt po\u017eadov\u00e1na n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody a v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt povoleno zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed fakt\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se trestn\u00ed minulosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le, 15. prosince 1995 (Heisei 7), Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud uvedl, \u017ee &#8220;otisky prst\u016f jsou vzory na \u0161pi\u010dk\u00e1ch prst\u016f a samy o sob\u011b nejsou informacemi t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edmi se soukrom\u00e9ho \u017eivota, osobnosti, my\u0161lenek, v\u00edry, sv\u011bdom\u00ed atd. jednotlivce, ale vzhledem k jejich jedine\u010dnosti a nezm\u011bnitelnosti m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsob pou\u017eit\u00ed otisk\u016f prst\u016f ohrozit soukrom\u00ed nebo soukrom\u00fd \u017eivot jednotlivce&#8221;. A d\u00e1le, &#8220;\u010dl\u00e1nek 13 japonsk\u00e9 \u00dastavy (Japonsk\u00fd ~) stanov\u00ed, \u017ee svoboda soukrom\u00e9ho \u017eivota ob\u010dan\u016f by m\u011bla b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bna p\u0159ed v\u00fdkonem st\u00e1tn\u00ed moci, tak\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 svobodu, aby nebyl nucen k odevzd\u00e1n\u00ed otisk\u016f prst\u016f&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Koncept soukrom\u00ed se vyvinul v reakci na spole\u010densk\u00e9 zm\u011bny a byl uzn\u00e1n v judikatu\u0159e. Jak se spole\u010dnost st\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edce informatizovanou, koncept soukrom\u00ed se bude d\u00e1le vyv\u00edjet a rozv\u00edjet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyhody_zadosti_o_pravnika\"><\/span>V\u00fdhody \u017e\u00e1dosti o pr\u00e1vn\u00edka<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e m\u016f\u017ee \u017eadatel s\u00e1m vy\u0159e\u0161it pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my, existuj\u00ed limity pro pr\u00e1vn\u00ed postupy, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee prov\u00e9st \u017eadatel, kter\u00fd je laikem v pr\u00e1vu, a pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nep\u016fjde dob\u0159e, se zvy\u0161uje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee d\u00edky sv\u00fdm bohat\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm znalostem prov\u00e9st vhodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed postupy a vyjedn\u00e1vat v\u00fdhodn\u011b. Nav\u00edc, jako z\u00e1stupce \u017eadatele, m\u016f\u017ee pr\u00e1vn\u00edk komunikovat s druhou stranou jako z\u00e1stupce, tak\u017ee \u017eadatel nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v kontaktu. Nav\u00edc, pr\u00e1vn\u00edk provede v\u0161echny slo\u017eit\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed postupy, od vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e po soud. Pr\u00e1vn\u00edk je na stran\u011b \u017eadatele. Pokud dojde k probl\u00e9mu, ne\u0159e\u0161te ho sami, ale pora\u010fte se s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak jsme dosud vysv\u011btlili, poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed je pr\u00e1vn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fd probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje t\u0159i podm\u00ednky stanoven\u00e9 v soudn\u00ed praxi, a to i p\u0159es absenci jasn\u00fdch z\u00e1konn\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed. Existuj\u00ed omezen\u00ed v pr\u00e1vn\u00edch postupech, kter\u00e9 mohou prov\u00e9st klienti, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou odborn\u00edky na pr\u00e1vo, a je velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed bude obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se obr\u00e1t\u00edte na advok\u00e1ta, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mnoho p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kde m\u016f\u017eete vyjedn\u00e1vat v\u00fdhodn\u011b d\u00edky adekv\u00e1tn\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm postup\u016fm zalo\u017een\u00fdm na bohat\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch znalostech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nav\u00edc, pokud jde o informace, kter\u00e9 by mohly poru\u0161ovat soukrom\u00ed, nen\u00ed t\u0159eba, aby se klient p\u0159\u00edmo setkal s druhou stranou, kter\u00e1 tyto informace zve\u0159ej\u0148uje. M\u00edsto toho to ud\u011bl\u00e1 advok\u00e1t, tak\u017ee klient nemus\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd kontakt a advok\u00e1t provede slo\u017eit\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed postupy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud m\u00e1te probl\u00e9my s poru\u0161en\u00edm soukrom\u00ed na internetu, zkuste se poradit s advok\u00e1tem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 bohat\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm rizik spojen\u00fdch s reputac\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Co kdyby byly odhaleny va\u0161e osobn\u00ed informace, jako je adresa, telefonn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo, zdravotn\u00ed anamn\u00e9za nebo trestn\u00ed rejst\u0159\u00edk&#8230;? V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b, s rozvojem soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":66976,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61119"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61119"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61119\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66980,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61119\/revisions\/66980"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}