{"id":61120,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:23","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61120"},"modified":"2024-03-25T17:58:19","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T08:58:19","slug":"penalty-for-trademark-infringement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/penalty-for-trademark-infringement","title":{"rendered":"Studium 'Poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch zn\u00e1mek' na p\u0159\u00edkladech: Krit\u00e9ria a tresty (v\u011bzen\u00ed, pokuty)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Po registraci n\u00e1zvu va\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, n\u00e1zvu produktu atd. jako &#8220;obchodn\u00ed zna\u010dky&#8221;, m\u016f\u017eete tvrdit poru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed zna\u010dky, pokud ji n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 bez povolen\u00ed. Nav\u00edc, poru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed zna\u010dky je trestn\u00fd \u010din, tak\u017ee poru\u0161itel m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt trestn\u011b st\u00edh\u00e1n a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt potrest\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak jsou tresty za poru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed zna\u010dky stanoveny a jak jsou posuzov\u00e1ny?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/penalty-for-trademark-infringement\/#Tresty_za_poruseni_prav_k_ochrannym_znamkam\" title=\"Tresty za poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v k ochrann\u00fdm zn\u00e1mk\u00e1m\">Tresty za poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v k ochrann\u00fdm zn\u00e1mk\u00e1m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/penalty-for-trademark-infringement\/#Prava_k_ochrannym_znamkam_se_vztahuji_i_na_%E2%80%9Cpodobne%E2%80%9D_pripady\" title=\"Pr\u00e1va k ochrann\u00fdm zn\u00e1mk\u00e1m se vztahuj\u00ed i na &#8220;podobn\u00e9&#8221; p\u0159\u00edpady\">Pr\u00e1va k ochrann\u00fdm zn\u00e1mk\u00e1m se vztahuj\u00ed i na &#8220;podobn\u00e9&#8221; p\u0159\u00edpady<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/penalty-for-trademark-infringement\/#Poruseni_ochranne_znamky_je_%E2%80%9Ctrestny_cin_ktery_neni_treba_oznamit%E2%80%9D\" title=\"Poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky je &#8220;trestn\u00fd \u010din, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed t\u0159eba ozn\u00e1mit&#8221;\">Poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky je &#8220;trestn\u00fd \u010din, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed t\u0159eba ozn\u00e1mit&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/penalty-for-trademark-infringement\/#Potreba_umyslu_pri_poruseni_ochranne_znamky\" title=\"Pot\u0159eba \u00famyslu p\u0159i poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky\">Pot\u0159eba \u00famyslu p\u0159i poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/penalty-for-trademark-infringement\/#Priklady_padelku_znamych_vyrobku\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edklady pad\u011blk\u016f zn\u00e1m\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f\">P\u0159\u00edklady pad\u011blk\u016f zn\u00e1m\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/penalty-for-trademark-infringement\/#Priklady_nelegalniho_pouziti_softwaru\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edklady neleg\u00e1ln\u00edho pou\u017eit\u00ed softwaru\">P\u0159\u00edklady neleg\u00e1ln\u00edho pou\u017eit\u00ed softwaru<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/penalty-for-trademark-infringement\/#Muze_se_stejne_premyslet_o_zavadnych_reklamach_v_seznamu\" title=\"M\u016f\u017ee se stejn\u011b p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o z\u00e1vadn\u00fdch reklam\u00e1ch v seznamu?\">M\u016f\u017ee se stejn\u011b p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o z\u00e1vadn\u00fdch reklam\u00e1ch v seznamu?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/penalty-for-trademark-infringement\/#Umyslne_poruseni_ochranne_znamky_a_varovny_dopis\" title=\"\u00damysln\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky a varovn\u00fd dopis\">\u00damysln\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky a varovn\u00fd dopis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/penalty-for-trademark-infringement\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tresty_za_poruseni_prav_k_ochrannym_znamkam\"><\/span>Tresty za poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v k ochrann\u00fdm zn\u00e1mk\u00e1m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1va k ochrann\u00fdm zn\u00e1mk\u00e1m jsou stanovena v Japonsk\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b o ochrann\u00fdch zn\u00e1mk\u00e1ch (Z\u00e1kon o ochrann\u00fdch zn\u00e1mk\u00e1ch), jeho\u017e \u010dl\u00e1nek 78 obsahuje ustanoven\u00ed o trestech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Kapitola dev\u00e1t\u00e1 &#8211; Tresty<br> (Trest za poru\u0161en\u00ed)<br> \u010cl\u00e1nek 78 &#8211; Kdo poru\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1va k ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mce nebo pr\u00e1vo na v\u00fdhradn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed (s v\u00fdjimkou t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed se dopust\u00ed \u010dinu pova\u017eovan\u00e9ho za poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v k ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mce nebo pr\u00e1va na v\u00fdhradn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed podle ustanoven\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku 37 nebo 67), bude potrest\u00e1n trestem odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody na dobu do deseti let nebo pokutou do deseti milion\u016f jen\u016f, nebo ob\u011bma t\u011bmito tresty.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le je zde n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je trochu obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na pochopen\u00ed,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek 37 &#8211; N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010diny jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za poru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch pr\u00e1v k ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mce nebo pr\u00e1va na v\u00fdhradn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed.<br> 1. Pou\u017eit\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky podobn\u00e9 registrovan\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mce pro ur\u010den\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed nebo slu\u017eby, nebo pou\u017eit\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky podobn\u00e9 registrovan\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mce pro zbo\u017e\u00ed nebo slu\u017eby podobn\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00e9mu zbo\u017e\u00ed nebo slu\u017eb\u00e1m.<br> 2. P\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed nebo dr\u017een\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00e9ho registrovanou ochrannou zn\u00e1mkou nebo podobnou ochrannou zn\u00e1mkou na ur\u010den\u00e9m zbo\u017e\u00ed nebo zbo\u017e\u00ed podobn\u00e9mu ur\u010den\u00e9mu zbo\u017e\u00ed nebo slu\u017eb\u00e1m pro \u00fa\u010dely exportu.<br> (vynech\u00e1no)<br> \u010cl\u00e1nek 78-2 &#8211; Kdo se dopust\u00ed \u010dinu pova\u017eovan\u00e9ho za poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v k ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mce nebo pr\u00e1va na v\u00fdhradn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed podle ustanoven\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku 37 nebo 67, bude potrest\u00e1n trestem odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody na dobu do p\u011bti let nebo pokutou do p\u011bti milion\u016f jen\u016f, nebo ob\u011bma t\u011bmito tresty.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak\u00e9 existuj\u00ed tyto tresty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prava_k_ochrannym_znamkam_se_vztahuji_i_na_%E2%80%9Cpodobne%E2%80%9D_pripady\"><\/span>Pr\u00e1va k ochrann\u00fdm zn\u00e1mk\u00e1m se vztahuj\u00ed i na &#8220;podobn\u00e9&#8221; p\u0159\u00edpady<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Pou\u017eit\u00ed stejn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky pro stejn\u00fd (v\u00fdrobek nebo slu\u017ebu) \u2192 trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a\u017e na 10 let nebo pokuta a\u017e 10 milion\u016f jen\u016f, nebo oboj\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pou\u017eit\u00ed podobn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky pro stejn\u00fd (v\u00fdrobek nebo slu\u017ebu) \u2192 trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a\u017e na 5 let nebo pokuta a\u017e 5 milion\u016f jen\u016f, nebo oboj\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pou\u017eit\u00ed stejn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky pro podobn\u00fd (v\u00fdrobek nebo slu\u017ebu) \u2192 trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a\u017e na 5 let nebo pokuta a\u017e 5 milion\u016f jen\u016f, nebo oboj\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>je to struktura. Kdy\u017e je ochrann\u00e1 zn\u00e1mka zaregistrov\u00e1na pro ur\u010dit\u00fd (v\u00fdrobek nebo slu\u017ebu),<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>je mo\u017en\u00e9 zak\u00e1zat pou\u017eit\u00ed stejn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky pro stejn\u00fd (v\u00fdrobek nebo slu\u017ebu)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>je mo\u017en\u00e9 zak\u00e1zat pou\u017eit\u00ed podobn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky pro stejn\u00fd (v\u00fdrobek nebo slu\u017ebu)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>je mo\u017en\u00e9 zak\u00e1zat pou\u017eit\u00ed stejn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky pro podobn\u00fd (v\u00fdrobek nebo slu\u017ebu)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>je mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat pr\u00e1va v tomto rozsahu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, v tomto kontextu, nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st, jin\u00fdmi slovy \u010d\u00e1st, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla b\u00fdt trest\u00e1na nejp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bji za poru\u0161en\u00ed, je \u010d\u00edslo 1. Proto je s\u00edla trestu rozd\u011blena mezi \u010d\u00edsly 1, 2 a 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, koncept &#8220;pou\u017eit\u00ed&#8221; zde m\u00e1 trochu speci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdznam. Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno, pr\u00e1va k ochrann\u00fdm zn\u00e1mk\u00e1m jsou pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 mohou zak\u00e1zat pou\u017eit\u00ed pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy je mo\u017en\u00e9 to interpretovat jako ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed. Podrobn\u011bji o tomto bodu diskutujeme v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/trademark-infringement-cases-illegalityjudgment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/trademark-infringement-cases-illegalityjudgment[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Poruseni_ochranne_znamky_je_%E2%80%9Ctrestny_cin_ktery_neni_treba_oznamit%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>Poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky je &#8220;trestn\u00fd \u010din, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed t\u0159eba ozn\u00e1mit&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak ji\u017e bylo uvedeno, poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky je trestn\u00fd \u010din, na kter\u00fd je stanoven trest. Proto, pokud dojde k poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky, je mo\u017en\u00e9 se obr\u00e1tit na policii a po\u017eadovat zat\u010den\u00ed. Je to trochu slo\u017eit\u00e9, ale poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky je trestn\u00fd \u010din, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed t\u0159eba ozn\u00e1mit. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 podat trestn\u00ed ozn\u00e1men\u00ed policii, sta\u010d\u00ed podat ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o \u0161kod\u011b a po\u017eadovat vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed nebo zat\u010den\u00ed polici\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Potreba_umyslu_pri_poruseni_ochranne_znamky\"><\/span>Pot\u0159eba \u00famyslu p\u0159i poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/shutterstock_379080088-1024x702.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3771\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jak\u00e9 jsou podm\u00ednky pro &#8220;\u00famysl&#8221; p\u0159i poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee pro v\u0161echny trestn\u00e9 \u010diny plat\u00ed, \u017ee bez \u00famyslu (s v\u00fdjimkou takzvan\u00fdch trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f z nedbalosti) nejsou platn\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pokud ukradnete ciz\u00ed majetek, jedn\u00e1 se o kr\u00e1de\u017e. Ale pokud si p\u016fj\u010d\u00edte propisku u p\u0159\u00edtele a omylem ji vezmete dom\u016f, nejedn\u00e1 se o kr\u00e1de\u017e. D\u016fvodem je, \u017ee nebyl \u00famysl ukr\u00e1st propisku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stejn\u011b tak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ochrann\u00fdch zn\u00e1mek, pokud nen\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky rozpozn\u00e1no, trestn\u00fd \u010din poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky nen\u00ed platn\u00fd a nevznik\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka trestu. Co tedy konkr\u00e9tn\u011b znamen\u00e1 rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky? Jin\u00fdmi slovy,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Pokud bylo provedeno vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, zda je pro dan\u00fd produkt registrov\u00e1na ochrann\u00e1 zn\u00e1mka, a p\u0159esto bylo poru\u0161en\u00ed sp\u00e1ch\u00e1no<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Pokud bylo poru\u0161en\u00ed sp\u00e1ch\u00e1no bez vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, i kdy\u017e bylo mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee pro dan\u00fd produkt je registrov\u00e1na ochrann\u00e1 zn\u00e1mka<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Pokud bylo poru\u0161en\u00ed sp\u00e1ch\u00e1no bez vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, proto\u017ee nebylo zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zva\u017eov\u00e1no, zda je pro dan\u00fd produkt registrov\u00e1na ochrann\u00e1 zn\u00e1mka<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V jak\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee &#8220;existoval \u00famysl poru\u0161it ochrannou zn\u00e1mku&#8221;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Priklady_padelku_znamych_vyrobku\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edklady pad\u011blk\u016f zn\u00e1m\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Prodej pad\u011blk\u016f zn\u00e1m\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f je obecn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b problematick\u00fd. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v p\u0159\u00edpadech prodeje pad\u011blk\u016f jako jsou dresy Adidas nebo klobouky Burberry, soudy rozhoduj\u00ed n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>(Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd) odeslal t\u0159i sady dres\u016f s obchodn\u00ed zna\u010dkou podobnou t\u00e9, kterou m\u00e1 n\u011bmeck\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Adidas AG registrovanou pro od\u011bvy (obchodn\u00ed zna\u010dka \u010d. 1893741), na dv\u011b m\u00edsta v Kochi City, Asakura Nishi-cho, byt Z606 a dal\u0161\u00ed, pomoc\u00ed slu\u017eby Yu-Pack atd., a mezi 8. \u010dervencem 2010 (Heisei 22) a 25. b\u0159eznem 2011 (Heisei 23) je doru\u010dil nev\u011bdom\u00fdm doru\u010dovatel\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed je p\u0159edali Saburo Heikawa a dal\u0161\u00edm, a prodal je za celkovou cenu 28 500 jen\u016f (v\u010detn\u011b po\u0161tovn\u00e9ho).<br> (vynech\u00e1no)<br> Stupe\u0148 poru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed zna\u010dky je vysok\u00fd a je t\u0159eba p\u0159istupovat k n\u011bmu s p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm postojem, vzhledem k siln\u00e9 imitativnosti \u010dinu. Nav\u00edc, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z vlastn\u00edk\u016f obchodn\u00edch zna\u010dek neobdr\u017eel n\u00e1hradu za utrpen\u00ed a jejich pocit trestu je p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd.<br> Ob\u017ealovan\u00ed se pokusili snadno vyd\u011blat pen\u00edze t\u00edm, \u017ee se dopustili t\u011bchto \u010din\u016f, ale pro jejich lehkov\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 motivy nen\u00ed m\u00edsto pro shov\u00edvavost.<br><\/p>\n<cite> Rozsudek Matsuyama District Court, 13. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2011 (Heisei 23) <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento rozsudek pouze uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee je &#8220;podobn\u00fd&#8221;, ani\u017e by se konkr\u00e9tn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159il k \u00famyslu. V jist\u00e9m smyslu lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee pokud n\u011bkdo vyr\u00e1b\u00ed pad\u011blky zn\u00e1m\u00fdch zna\u010dek, \u00famysl je samoz\u0159ejm\u00fd. Matsuyama District Court na z\u00e1klad\u011b tohoto rozhodnut\u00ed uznal sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu poru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed zna\u010dky a ulo\u017eil trest 1,5 roku v\u011bzen\u00ed (s odkladem na 4 roky) a pokutu 1 milion jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee pokud n\u011bkdo s\u00e1m vyr\u00e1b\u00ed takzvan\u00e9 pad\u011blky nebo falzifik\u00e1ty a prod\u00e1v\u00e1 je bez svolen\u00ed dr\u017eitele pr\u00e1v, \u00famysl je samoz\u0159ejm\u00fd a \u010dasto se pova\u017euje za trestn\u00fd \u010din.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Priklady_nelegalniho_pouziti_softwaru\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edklady neleg\u00e1ln\u00edho pou\u017eit\u00ed softwaru<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/shutterstock_1455901160-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3772\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Prodej program\u016f pro neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bn i p\u0159esto, \u017ee je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee mohou b\u00fdt registrov\u00e1ny jako ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky.<br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Stejn\u011b tak v oblasti IT a internetu, nap\u0159\u00edklad na internetov\u00fdch auk\u010dn\u00edch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch, byl p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy ob\u017ealovan\u00fd prod\u00e1val programy pro neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho softwaru a uvedl n\u00e1zev &#8220;zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho softwaru&#8221; pro prodej t\u011bchto program\u016f. V tomto ohledu, tokijsk\u00fd vrchn\u00ed soud u\u010dinil n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>M\u016f\u017ee se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee skute\u010dnost, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o v\u00fdrobek softwarov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 rozv\u00edj\u00ed prodejn\u00ed kan\u00e1ly po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, je okolnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat nezbytn\u00e9 uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed o existenci ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky. Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd ve sv\u00e9 reklam\u011b neposkytl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd popis obsahu softwaru, kter\u00fd nab\u00edzel, a m\u016f\u017ee se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee to nebylo nutn\u00e9, proto\u017ee ob\u017ealovan\u00fd si byl v\u011bdom, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o velmi zn\u00e1m\u00fd software, kter\u00fd mohou z\u00e1kazn\u00edci pochopit pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b jeho n\u00e1zvu. Pokud jde o takov\u00fd software, ob\u017ealovan\u00fd by m\u011bl b\u00fdt v\u011bdom vysok\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobnosti, \u017ee je registrov\u00e1n jako ochrann\u00e1 zn\u00e1mka. P\u0159esto\u017ee ob\u017ealovan\u00fd m\u011bl zku\u0161enosti s odsouzen\u00edm za poru\u0161en\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o ochrann\u00fdch zn\u00e1mk\u00e1ch v souvislosti se softwarem, neprovedl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pr\u016fzkum registrace ochrann\u00fdch zn\u00e1mek ani nev\u011bnoval pozornost existenci registrace ochrann\u00fdch zn\u00e1mek a p\u0159esto uvedl zna\u010dky podobn\u00e9 registrovan\u00fdm ochrann\u00fdm zn\u00e1mk\u00e1m v reklam\u011b na sv\u016fj produkt. Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee alespo\u0148 m\u011bl nezbytn\u00fd \u00famysl, \u017ee by mohla existovat registrace ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky, ale to by nevadilo.<br> (vynech\u00e1no)<br> Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd byl odsouzen k trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody na jeden rok a pokut\u011b 1 milion jen\u016f. <\/p>\n<cite> Rozsudek tokijsk\u00e9ho vrchn\u00edho soudu ze dne 10. b\u0159ezna 2017 (Heisei 29) <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, jak\u00fd konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed software ob\u017ealovan\u00fd v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b prod\u00e1val, ale v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd rozsudek d\u011bl\u00e1 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd na auk\u010dn\u00edm webu poskytl pouze popis jako &#8220;program pro neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed \u25cf\u25cf\u25cf&#8221;, a je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 si myslet, \u017ee by si kupuj\u00edc\u00ed mohl uv\u011bdomit, co program m\u016f\u017ee d\u011blat, pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b tohoto popisu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u016fvodem, pro\u010d ob\u017ealovan\u00fd myslel na 1, bylo, \u017ee \u25cf\u25cf\u25cf je zn\u00e1m\u00fd software.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud jde o 2, m\u011bl by b\u00fdt samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u011bdom mo\u017enosti, \u017ee tak zn\u00e1m\u00fd software je registrov\u00e1n jako ochrann\u00e1 zn\u00e1mka.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Z 3 vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee existuje &#8220;nezbytn\u00fd \u00famysl&#8221; a trestn\u00fd \u010din je spln\u011bn.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Nezbytn\u00fd \u00famysl&#8221; je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed term\u00edn, kter\u00fd jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno znamen\u00e1, \u017ee i kdy\u017e &#8220;nebylo definitivn\u011b uzn\u00e1no existenci registrace ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky&#8221;, pokud &#8220;bylo uzn\u00e1no mo\u017enost registrace ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky a bylo to pova\u017eov\u00e1no za p\u0159ijateln\u00e9&#8221;, lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee existuje \u00famysl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd rozsudek uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 spln\u011bn\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u00e9to argumentace a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody na jeden rok a pokutu 1 milion jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Muze_se_stejne_premyslet_o_zavadnych_reklamach_v_seznamu\"><\/span>M\u016f\u017ee se stejn\u011b p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o z\u00e1vadn\u00fdch reklam\u00e1ch v seznamu?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto je t\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nediskutuje, ale zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let stejn\u011b i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy n\u011bkdo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ciz\u00ed proslulou ochrannou zn\u00e1mku, ani\u017e by \u0161lo o &#8220;pad\u011blek&#8221; nebo &#8220;neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd program&#8221;, a to i kdy\u017e si je v\u011bdom jej\u00ed proslulosti. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, jednou z forem &#8220;poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky&#8221; na internetu, kter\u00e9 se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed probl\u00e9mem, je poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky v reklam\u00e1ch v seznamu. Pokud je spole\u010dnost A proslul\u00e1 firmou nebo produktem, existuje p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy jin\u00e1 spole\u010dnost B c\u00edl\u00ed na u\u017eivatele internetu, kte\u0159\u00ed hledaj\u00ed spole\u010dnost A, s c\u00edlem zv\u00fd\u0161it p\u0159\u00edstup na web spole\u010dnosti B pomoc\u00ed reklamy v seznamu, nap\u0159\u00edklad,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background\">Doporu\u010dujeme lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee kosmetika je od spole\u010dnosti A!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se zd\u00e1, \u017ee spole\u010dnost B vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 takovou reklamu s \u00famyslem zneu\u017e\u00edt proslulost spole\u010dnosti A, kterou ch\u00e1pe. Pokud je tomu tak, pak se zd\u00e1, \u017ee i v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b existuje prostor pro p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee spole\u010dnost B m\u00e1 &#8220;\u00famysl bez nutnosti&#8221;, stejn\u011b jako v\u00fd\u0161e, a \u017ee je spln\u011bn trestn\u00fd \u010din.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/listing-ads\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/listing-ads[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed o tom, jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s takov\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpady, najdete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Umyslne_poruseni_ochranne_znamky_a_varovny_dopis\"><\/span>\u00damysln\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky a varovn\u00fd dopis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, krom\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kdy se \u00famysln\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed n\u00e1zvy v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch produkt\u016f jin\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, jako jsou napodobeniny nebo neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed programy, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt &#8220;\u00famysl&#8221; d\u016fle\u017eitou ot\u00e1zkou. Jde o p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy jedna spole\u010dnost zaregistrovala ochrannou zn\u00e1mku pro produkt a jin\u00e1 spole\u010dnost vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 podobn\u00fd produkt pod podobn\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem. Stav registrace ochrann\u00fdch zn\u00e1mek je ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00fd, ale je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 tvrdit, \u017ee &#8220;v\u017edy existuje \u00famysl, proto\u017ee kdy\u017e se d\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1zev produktu, m\u011blo by se nejprve vyhledat ochrann\u00e1 zn\u00e1mka a pokud by se vyhled\u00e1valo, mohlo by se to objevit&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto, pokud se chcete obr\u00e1tit na policii s po\u017eadavkem na trest, je t\u0159eba vytvo\u0159it d\u016fkazy a fakta, jako je &#8220;i p\u0159es dostate\u010dn\u00e9 odesl\u00e1n\u00ed varov\u00e1n\u00ed o poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky, druh\u00e1 strana nezm\u011bnila sv\u016fj postoj&#8221;. Jin\u00fdmi slovy,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>jestli\u017ee byl n\u00e1zev produktu d\u00e1n nev\u011bdomky, je ot\u00e1zka, zda existuje &#8220;\u00famysl&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ale pokud byl produkt i p\u0159es dostate\u010dn\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1le prod\u00e1v\u00e1n bez zm\u011bny postoje,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>potom v tomto okam\u017eiku existuje \u00famysln\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za trestn\u00fd \u010din<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto je logika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/warning-of-trademark-infringement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/warning-of-trademark-infringement[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto, pokud v takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech po\u017eadujete trest pro poru\u0161itele, &#8220;odesl\u00e1n\u00ed varovn\u00e9ho dopisu&#8221; m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm d\u016fkazem pro prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed \u00famyslu poru\u0161itele. Je tedy d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edt d\u016fkaz, \u017ee &#8220;jako dr\u017eitel pr\u00e1v jsem nepochybn\u011b odeslal varovn\u00fd dopis poru\u0161iteli&#8221;. Takzvan\u00e9 potvrzen\u00ed obsahu je syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v t\u011bchto situac\u00edch. Potvrzen\u00ed obsahu znamen\u00e1 &#8220;po\u0161tovn\u00ed&#8221; potvrzen\u00ed &#8220;obsahu&#8221;,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background\">Kdo komu, kdy a jak\u00fd obsah dopisu odeslal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je to po\u0161ta, kter\u00e1 poskytuje ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed potvrzen\u00ed o t\u011bchto bodech. Proto, pokud odes\u00edl\u00e1te varovn\u00fd dopis s potvrzen\u00edm obsahu, stane se to siln\u00fdm d\u016fkazem, \u017ee &#8220;bylo varov\u00e1no p\u0159ed poru\u0161en\u00edm ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky je trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem, na kter\u00fd jsou stanoveny tresty. Alespo\u0148 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, jako jsou pad\u011blky nebo neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed program\u016f, jsou skute\u010dn\u011b ukl\u00e1d\u00e1ny tresty, jako je zat\u010den\u00ed, trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody na jeden rok nebo pokuta 1 milion jen\u016f (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 200 000 K\u010d). V budoucnu se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee se objev\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy budou ukl\u00e1d\u00e1ny podobn\u00e9 tresty nejen pro klasick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady poru\u0161en\u00ed, jako jsou pad\u011blky, ale tak\u00e9 pro nov\u00e9 formy poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch zn\u00e1mek. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, zejm\u00e9na co se t\u00fd\u010de &#8220;\u00famyslu&#8221;, pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu a pro trest je ot\u00e1zkou, jak &#8220;d\u016fkazy&#8221; zajistit. Pokud se stanete ob\u011bt\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 konzultovat se s odborn\u00edkem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Po registraci n\u00e1zvu va\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, n\u00e1zvu produktu atd. jako &#8220;obchodn\u00ed zna\u010dky&#8221;, m\u016f\u017eete tvrdit poru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed zna\u010dky, pokud ji n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 bez povolen\u00ed. Nav\u00edc, poru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63089,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,28],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61120"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61120"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61120\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63090,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61120\/revisions\/63090"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63089"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61120"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61120"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61120"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}