V preceden\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech, a\u010dkoli se jedn\u00e1 o rozhodnut\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se trestu za poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnosti ml\u010denlivosti l\u00e9ka\u0159em, bylo uvedeno, \u017ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n“Tajemstv\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka” by m\u011blo zahrnovat nejen tajemstv\u00ed osoby, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159edm\u011btem posouzen\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 tajemstv\u00ed jin\u00fdch osob, kter\u00e9 byly z\u00edsk\u00e1ny b\u011bhem procesu posouzen\u00ed.<\/p>\nNejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud, 13. \u00fanora 2012 (Sb\u00edrka rozhodnut\u00ed, svazek 66, \u010d\u00edslo 4, strana 405)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\nJe dojem, \u017ee v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u00ed k neomezen\u00e9 teorii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Av\u0161ak jasn\u00e1 diskuse o tomto t\u00e9matu dosud nebyla provedena a je t\u0159eba sledovat budouc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Pr\u00e1vo advok\u00e1t\u016f odm\u00edtnout sv\u011bdectv\u00ed a podobn\u011b<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nAdvok\u00e1ti mohou v civiln\u00edm soudn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed odm\u00edtnout sv\u011bdectv\u00ed, pokud jsou vysl\u00fdch\u00e1ni o faktech, kter\u00e9 se dozv\u011bd\u011bli p\u0159i v\u00fdkonu sv\u00e9 profese a o kter\u00fdch by m\u011bli ml\u010det (\u010dl\u00e1nek 197 odstavec 1 bod 2 Japonsk\u00e9ho ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du), a mohou odm\u00edtnout p\u0159edlo\u017eit dokumenty, u kter\u00fdch nebyla povinnost ml\u010den\u00ed zru\u0161ena (\u010dl\u00e1nek 220 odstavec 4 bod Ha Japonsk\u00e9ho ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V trestn\u00edm soudn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mohou advok\u00e1ti odm\u00edtnout zabaven\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou v jejich dr\u017een\u00ed nebo kter\u00e9 jsou udr\u017eov\u00e1ny kv\u016fli pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v r\u00e1mci jejich profese a kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed ciz\u00edch tajemstv\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nky 105 a 222 odstavec 1 prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du), a mohou odm\u00edtnout sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o faktech, kter\u00e9 se dozv\u011bd\u011bli kv\u016fli pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v r\u00e1mci jejich profese a kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed ciz\u00edch tajemstv\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 149 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Co se t\u00fd\u010de telefonn\u00edch hovor\u016f mezi klientem a advok\u00e1tem, i kdy\u017e existuje soudn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz k odposlechu (\u010dl\u00e1nek 3 odstavec 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odposlechu komunikace), vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed org\u00e1ny nemohou prov\u00e1d\u011bt odposlech, pokud je uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee se t\u00fdk\u00e1 jejich profese (\u010dl\u00e1nek 15 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odposlechu komunikace).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Advok\u00e1ti mohou odm\u00edtnout p\u0159\u00edsahu, sv\u011bdectv\u00ed nebo p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00ed dokument\u016f o faktech, kter\u00e9 se dozv\u011bd\u011bli kv\u016fli pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v r\u00e1mci jejich profese a kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed ciz\u00edch tajemstv\u00ed, i kdy\u017e jsou po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1ni o v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f jako sv\u011bdci pro p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1vrh\u016f nebo jin\u00fdch vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se st\u00e1tn\u00ed politiky od ka\u017ed\u00e9 komory parlamentu (viz \u010dl\u00e1nek 62 Japonsk\u00e9 \u00fastavy) (\u010dl\u00e1nek 4 odstavec 2 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o sv\u011bdectv\u00ed v parlamentu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jak je uvedeno v \u010dl\u00e1nku 23 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o advok\u00e1tech, advok\u00e1ti maj\u00ed siln\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo udr\u017eovat tajemstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se dozv\u011bd\u011bli p\u0159i v\u00fdkonu sv\u00e9 profese.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Rozsah v\u00fdjimek z povinnosti ml\u010denlivosti<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/span>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee z\u00e1kon stanov\u00ed jinak<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nPodle \u010dl\u00e1nku 23 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o advok\u00e1tech (Japanese Attorney Act) \u201ePokud z\u00e1kon stanov\u00ed jinak, toto se nevztahuje\u201c, co\u017e se t\u00fdk\u00e1 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nV civiln\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy je povinnost ml\u010denlivosti zru\u0161ena (\u010dl\u00e1nek 197 odstavec 2 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o civiln\u00edm soudn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (Japanese Civil Procedure Law)). Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud m\u00e1 advok\u00e1t souhlas klienta.<\/li>\n\n\n\n V trestn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech, pokud souhlas\u00ed doty\u010dn\u00fd nebo pokud je odm\u00edtnut\u00ed sv\u011bdectv\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za zneu\u017eit\u00ed pr\u00e1va pouze ve prosp\u011bch ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho (\u010dl\u00e1nek 149 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o trestn\u00edm soudn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (Japanese Criminal Procedure Law)).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee existuje opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd d\u016fvod<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nPodle \u010dl\u00e1nku 23 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pravidel pro advok\u00e1tskou praxi (Japanese Attorney’s Basic Duties Regulations) \u201ebez opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu\u201c, podle druh\u00e9ho vyd\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eKoment\u00e1\u0159e k z\u00e1kladn\u00edm pravidl\u016fm pro advok\u00e1tskou praxi\u201c Japonsk\u00e9 advok\u00e1tn\u00ed komory (Japanese Bar Association) z b\u0159ezna 2012 (Heisei 24), \u201eopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd d\u016fvod\u201c znamen\u00e1 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nPokud m\u00e1 advok\u00e1t souhlas klienta.<\/li>\n\n\n\n Pokud je nutn\u00e1 sebeobrana advok\u00e1ta. Pokud je nutn\u00e9 chr\u00e1nit pov\u011bst advok\u00e1ta a odstranit z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed, nebo pokud je advok\u00e1t podez\u0159el\u00fd z p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu exekuce, skr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f, pad\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed dokument\u016f atd., mus\u00ed s\u00e1m odstranit toto podez\u0159en\u00ed. V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je nutnost sv\u011bdectv\u00ed a souhlasu s exekuc\u00ed nad\u0159azena povinnosti odm\u00edtnut\u00ed a je povoleno odhalit tajemstv\u00ed klienta pro sebeobranu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad poru\u0161en\u00ed d\u016fv\u011brnosti pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nP\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 sankce za poru\u0161en\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku 23 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o advokacii (Japanese Attorney Act) nejsou stanoveny.
<\/span>Ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed pokuty<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nPr\u00e1vn\u00edk m\u00e1 povinnost v\u016f\u010di klientovi “postupovat podle povahy pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, s p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vce, p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed” (\u010dl\u00e1nek 644 japonsk\u00e9ho ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku (Japanese Civil Code)), a z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed povinnost zachov\u00e1vat tajemstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Proto, pokud poru\u0161en\u00ed d\u016fv\u011brnosti pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem zp\u016fsob\u00ed naru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1jm\u016f klienta, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bly b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bny z\u00e1konem, m\u00e1 dan\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00edk povinnost zaplatit od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pokud byl mezi pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem a klientem p\u0159edem uzav\u0159en zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed dohoda o zachov\u00e1n\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed, pr\u00e1vn\u00edk nese pokuty na z\u00e1klad\u011b ustanoven\u00ed t\u00e9to smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Trestn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed sankce<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nPodle odstavce 1 \u010dl\u00e1nku 134 japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku (Japanese Penal Code) “l\u00e9ka\u0159, l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00edk, prodejce l\u00e9k\u016f, porodn\u00ed asistentka, pr\u00e1vn\u00edk, obh\u00e1jce, not\u00e1\u0159 nebo osoba v t\u011bchto profes\u00edch, kter\u00e1 bez opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu prozrad\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se dozv\u011bd\u011bla v r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, bude potrest\u00e1na trestem odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody na dobu do \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f nebo pokutou do 100 000 jen\u016f”, a pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016fm se tedy vztahuje trest za prozrazen\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span> Disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed advok\u00e1tn\u00ed komory <\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nPodle odstavce 1 \u010dl\u00e1nku 56 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o advokacii (Japanese Attorney Act) “pr\u00e1vn\u00edk a pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 osoba advok\u00e1ta, kter\u00fd poru\u0161il tento z\u00e1kon nebo stanovy p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 advok\u00e1tn\u00ed komory nebo Japonsk\u00e9 federace advok\u00e1t\u016f, po\u0161kodil \u0159\u00e1d nebo d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 advok\u00e1tn\u00ed komory, nebo se dopustil nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by m\u011blo v\u00e9st ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b jeho d\u016fstojnosti, a\u0165 u\u017e v r\u00e1mci jeho povol\u00e1n\u00ed nebo mimo n\u011bj, bude potrest\u00e1n”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Poru\u0161en\u00ed d\u016fv\u011brnosti pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1no za takov\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, a pr\u00e1vn\u00edk tedy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt potrest\u00e1n disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi ze strany p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 advok\u00e1tn\u00ed komory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 57 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o advokacii (Japanese Attorney Act) existuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i typy disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed: “napomenut\u00ed”, “zastaven\u00ed \u010dinnosti na dobu do dvou let”, “na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed k vystoupen\u00ed” a “vylou\u010den\u00ed”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pokud obdr\u017e\u00edte na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed k vystoupen\u00ed, nem\u016f\u017eete ji\u017e p\u016fsobit jako pr\u00e1vn\u00edk. Stejn\u011b tak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vylou\u010den\u00ed, ale nav\u00edc v\u00e1m nebude dovoleno z\u00edskat pr\u00e1vnickou kvalifikaci po dobu t\u0159\u00ed let.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>Shrnut\u00ed: D\u016fv\u011brnost pr\u00e1vn\u00edka<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTakto, pokud pr\u00e1vn\u00edk poru\u0161\u00ed povinnost ml\u010denlivosti, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt t\u011b\u017ece potrest\u00e1n. D\u016fv\u011brnost je z\u00e1kladem d\u016fv\u011bry mezi pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem a klientem a je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mnoho pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f pe\u010dliv\u011b dodr\u017euje p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b stanovenou povinnost ml\u010denlivosti p\u0159i v\u00fdkonu sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. M\u016f\u017eete se s d\u016fv\u011brou obr\u00e1tit na pr\u00e1vn\u00edka.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Na advok\u00e1ty je kladena povinnost “ml\u010denlivosti”. Klienti mohou b\u00fdt nuceni sd\u011blit sv\u00e1 tajemstv\u00ed nebo soukrom\u00e9 informace p\u0159i konzultaci s advok\u00e1tem, ale d\u00edky t\u00e9to povinnosti ml\u010denlivosti se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":66952,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,28],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61128"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61128"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66960,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61128\/revisions\/66960"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66952"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}