{"id":61130,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:23","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61130"},"modified":"2024-03-26T05:56:53","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T20:56:53","slug":"difference-contract-dispatch-loan-labor-supply","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/difference-contract-dispatch-loan-labor-supply","title":{"rendered":"Rozd\u00edly a rozli\u0161en\u00ed mezi vysl\u00e1n\u00edm, do\u010dasn\u00fdm p\u0159id\u011blen\u00edm, kvazidelegac\u00ed, zak\u00e1zkou, fale\u0161nou zak\u00e1zkou a dod\u00e1vkou pracovn\u00edk\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Nejen v IT spole\u010dnostech a projektech, ale i v ostatn\u00edch podnic\u00edch, jsou person\u00e1ln\u00ed a pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti \u010dasto oblast\u00ed, kde se mohou vyskytnout komplikovan\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Zejm\u00e9na ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pracovn\u00edch vztah\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo souvis\u00ed s ochranou postaven\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f, mohou \u010dasto v\u00e9st k velmi v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm spor\u016fm. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k probl\u00e9m\u016fm jsou situace, kdy se pracovn\u00edci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm t\u0159et\u00edch stran, jako jsou vysl\u00e1n\u00ed nebo do\u010dasn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed smlouvy. To zahrnuje tak\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci na z\u00e1klad\u011b smluv o d\u00edlo nebo kvazimand\u00e1tn\u00edch smluv. Pokud dojde k sporu mezi t\u0159emi stranami s prost\u0159edn\u00edkem, m\u016f\u017ee se ob\u00e1vat, \u017ee se to stane neleg\u00e1ln\u00edm obchodem s lidsk\u00fdmi zdroji, jako je fale\u0161n\u00e1 smlouva o d\u00edlo nebo dod\u00e1vka pracovn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se zab\u00fdv\u00e1me rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby vyu\u017eit\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, jako je vysl\u00e1n\u00ed, do\u010dasn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce, kvazimand\u00e1tn\u00ed smlouvy a smlouvy o d\u00edlo, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt v praxi person\u00e1ln\u00edch odd\u011blen\u00ed \u010dasto nejasn\u00e9. Tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btlujeme, na co si d\u00e1t pozor, aby se tyto metody nestaly neleg\u00e1ln\u00edmi praktikami, jako je fale\u0161n\u00e1 smlouva o d\u00edlo nebo dod\u00e1vka pracovn\u00edk\u016f.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/difference-contract-dispatch-loan-labor-supply\/#IT_spolecnosti_a_IT_obchod_jsou_plne_pravnich_problemu_tykajicich_se_lidskych_zdroju_a_pracovnich_vztahu\" title=\"IT spole\u010dnosti a IT obchod jsou pln\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se lidsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a pracovn\u00edch vztah\u016f\">IT spole\u010dnosti a IT obchod jsou pln\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se lidsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a pracovn\u00edch vztah\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/difference-contract-dispatch-loan-labor-supply\/#Druhy_vyuziti_lidskych_zdroju_prostrednictvim_zprostredkovatelu_a_jejich_rozdily\" title=\"Druhy vyu\u017eit\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zprost\u0159edkovatel\u016f a jejich rozd\u00edly\">Druhy vyu\u017eit\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zprost\u0159edkovatel\u016f a jejich rozd\u00edly<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/difference-contract-dispatch-loan-labor-supply\/#Co_je_to_vyslani\" title=\"Co je to vysl\u00e1n\u00ed?\">Co je to vysl\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/difference-contract-dispatch-loan-labor-supply\/#Co_je_to_docasne_nasazeni_vyslani_pracovnika\" title=\"Co je to do\u010dasn\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed (vysl\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edka)\">Co je to do\u010dasn\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed (vysl\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edka)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/difference-contract-dispatch-loan-labor-supply\/#Co_je_to_kvazimandat_a_smlouva_o_dilo\" title=\"Co je to kvazimand\u00e1t a smlouva o d\u00edlo?\">Co je to kvazimand\u00e1t a smlouva o d\u00edlo?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/difference-contract-dispatch-loan-labor-supply\/#Definice_fiktivniho_subdodavatelstvi_a_dodavky_pracovniku_a_duvody_proc_jsou_nelegalni\" title=\"Definice fiktivn\u00edho subdodavatelstv\u00ed a dod\u00e1vky pracovn\u00edk\u016f a d\u016fvody, pro\u010d jsou neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed\">Definice fiktivn\u00edho subdodavatelstv\u00ed a dod\u00e1vky pracovn\u00edk\u016f a d\u016fvody, pro\u010d jsou neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/difference-contract-dispatch-loan-labor-supply\/#Co_je_fiktivni_subdodavatelstvi\" title=\"Co je fiktivn\u00ed subdodavatelstv\u00ed?\">Co je fiktivn\u00ed subdodavatelstv\u00ed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/difference-contract-dispatch-loan-labor-supply\/#Co_je_dodavka_pracovniku\" title=\"Co je dod\u00e1vka pracovn\u00edk\u016f?\">Co je dod\u00e1vka pracovn\u00edk\u016f?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/difference-contract-dispatch-loan-labor-supply\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IT_spolecnosti_a_IT_obchod_jsou_plne_pravnich_problemu_tykajicich_se_lidskych_zdroju_a_pracovnich_vztahu\"><\/span>IT spole\u010dnosti a IT obchod jsou pln\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se lidsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a pracovn\u00edch vztah\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/shutterstock_796346002-1024x676.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5389\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">V oblasti, kter\u00e1 se op\u00edr\u00e1 o dva pil\u00ed\u0159e &#8211; &#8220;IT&#8221; a &#8220;pr\u00e1vo&#8221;, jsou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my spojen\u00e9 s vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00edm pracovn\u00edk\u016f nebo poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm pracovn\u00edch sil velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9.<br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Na\u0161e advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith nab\u00edz\u00ed dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed oblasti IT pr\u00e1vn\u00edch slu\u017eeb pro firmy. Jednou z nich je poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed podpory pro pokro\u010dil\u00e9 IT spole\u010dnosti a IT obchod, kde pr\u00e1vn\u00ed &#8220;ochrana&#8221; \u010dasto chyb\u00ed. Druhou oblast\u00ed je poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed detailn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed podpory v oblasti &#8220;IT&#8221;, kter\u00e1 byla \u010dasto opom\u00edjena v tradi\u010dn\u00edch korpor\u00e1tn\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch. Tato druh\u00e1 oblast je ur\u010dena pro v\u0161echny obecn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, bez ohledu na to, zda jsou IT spole\u010dnostmi, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b u\u017e nelze b\u00fdt bez IT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V oblasti, kter\u00e1 se op\u00edr\u00e1 o dva pil\u00ed\u0159e &#8211; &#8220;IT&#8221; a &#8220;pr\u00e1vo&#8221;, jsou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my spojen\u00e9 s vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00edm pracovn\u00edk\u016f nebo poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm pracovn\u00edch sil velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Na prvn\u00ed pohled se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t, \u017ee tyto probl\u00e9my nemaj\u00ed nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s IT, ale vzhledem k sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu stavu IT pr\u016fmyslu jsou to oblasti, kde se \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00ed probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d se v IT pr\u016fmyslu jako celku, nebo p\u0159i vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed IT specialist\u016f, \u010dasto vyskytuje komplikovan\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed pracovn\u00edch sil prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zprost\u0159edkovatel\u016f, jako je vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed nebo poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edch sil, je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina pr\u00e1ce je zalo\u017eena na projektech. IT projekty, kter\u00e9 \u010dasto zahrnuj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 rozpo\u010dty a velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f po ur\u010ditou dobu, mohou b\u00fdt pro spole\u010dnosti poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed slu\u017eby zalo\u017een\u00e9 na vyu\u017eit\u00ed pracovn\u00edch sil velmi atraktivn\u00ed trhem. N\u00ed\u017ee je \u010dl\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd popisuje komplexn\u00ed povinnosti spojen\u00e9 s \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm t\u011bchto IT projekt\u016f, s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k jejich specifick\u00fdm vlastnostem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/project-management-duties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/project-management-duties[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spole\u010dn\u00fdm rysem v\u011bt\u0161iny projektov\u011b orientovan\u00fdch prac\u00ed je pot\u0159eba zapojit velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f a dos\u00e1hnout spole\u010dn\u00e9ho c\u00edle projektu v r\u00e1mci omezen\u00e9ho \u010dasov\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce a rozpo\u010dtu. V IT spole\u010dnostech a IT obchod\u011b je \u010dasto kl\u00ed\u010dovou ot\u00e1zkou, jak zajistit, aby vyu\u017eit\u00ed pracovn\u00edch sil bylo v souladu se z\u00e1konem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Druhy_vyuziti_lidskych_zdroju_prostrednictvim_zprostredkovatelu_a_jejich_rozdily\"><\/span>Druhy vyu\u017eit\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zprost\u0159edkovatel\u016f a jejich rozd\u00edly<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed IT odborn\u00edk\u016f jako lidsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro podnikatele v oblasti lidsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, jako je do\u010dasn\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f nebo zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f, slibn\u00fdm trhem. Je tak\u00e9 dob\u0159e zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee mnoho IT spole\u010dnost\u00ed rozv\u00edj\u00ed sv\u00e9 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee jsou st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edtomni u klient\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm SES smluv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby vyu\u017eit\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zprost\u0159edkovatel\u016f jsou metody jako vysl\u00e1n\u00ed, do\u010dasn\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed, kvazipov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a subdod\u00e1vky.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_to_vyslani\"><\/span>Co je to vysl\u00e1n\u00ed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vysl\u00e1n\u00ed je definov\u00e1no jako situace, kdy je n\u011bkdo zam\u011bstn\u00e1n u jedn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v jej\u00edm zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, ale st\u00e1v\u00e1 se zam\u011bstnancem jin\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a pracuje pro ni. Rozd\u00edl oproti b\u011b\u017en\u00e9mu p\u0159e\u0159azen\u00ed nebo p\u0159elo\u017een\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 nejen v zm\u011bn\u011b m\u00edsta a obsahu pr\u00e1ce, ale tak\u00e9 v tom, kdo d\u00e1v\u00e1 pokyny a p\u0159\u00edkazy. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b vysl\u00e1n\u00ed neznamen\u00e1 ztr\u00e1tu p\u016fvodn\u00edho pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru, proto\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dvoj\u00ed pracovn\u00ed vztah mezi p\u016fvodn\u00ed a c\u00edlovou spole\u010dnost\u00ed. T\u00edm se li\u0161\u00ed od takzvan\u00e9ho &#8220;zm\u011bny zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejen v IT spole\u010dnostech nebo v oblasti IT podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, vysl\u00e1n\u00ed je \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no jako prost\u0159edek pro v\u00fdm\u011bnu pracovn\u00edk\u016f mezi skupinov\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi, \u00fapravu zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch a tr\u00e9ninkov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed atd.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_to_docasne_nasazeni_vyslani_pracovnika\"><\/span>Co je to do\u010dasn\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed (vysl\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edka)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z v\u00e1s se mo\u017en\u00e1 ptaj\u00ed, jak se definice vysl\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edka, kterou jsme pr\u00e1v\u011b probrali, li\u0161\u00ed od do\u010dasn\u00e9ho nasazen\u00ed. Definice do\u010dasn\u00e9ho nasazen\u00ed je stanovena v z\u00e1kon\u011b (podtr\u017een\u00e9 a tu\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti jsou dopln\u011bn\u00e9 autorem).<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o do\u010dasn\u00e9m nasazen\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f, \u010dl\u00e1nek 2 (V\u00fdznam term\u00edn\u016f)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto z\u00e1kon\u011b maj\u00ed term\u00edny uveden\u00e9 v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch odstavc\u00edch v\u00fdznam stanoven\u00fd v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch odstavc\u00edch.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. <u>Do\u010dasn\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f<\/u> znamen\u00e1, \u017ee <u>zam\u011bstnavatel<\/u> umo\u017e\u0148uje sv\u00fdm <u>zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm<\/u> pracovat pod <u>veden\u00edm a pokyny jin\u00e9 osoby<\/u>, ani\u017e by tato osoba zam\u011bstnala dan\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka. Toto nezahrnuje p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy zam\u011bstnavatel uzav\u0159e smlouvu s jinou osobou o zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed dan\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka.<br><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, jak vysl\u00e1n\u00ed, tak do\u010dasn\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed existenci p\u016fvodn\u00edho pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru a na jeho z\u00e1klad\u011b se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nov\u00fd vztah \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a pokyn\u016f, v r\u00e1mci kter\u00e9ho je poskytov\u00e1na pracovn\u00ed s\u00edla. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b do\u010dasn\u00e9ho nasazen\u00ed, z\u00e1kon stanov\u00ed, \u017ee &#8220;nezahrnuje p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy zam\u011bstnavatel uzav\u0159e smlouvu s jinou osobou o zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed dan\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka&#8221;. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br nevztahuje mezi pracovn\u00edkem a m\u00edstem do\u010dasn\u00e9ho nasazen\u00ed, co\u017e je hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edl oproti vysl\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edka. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vysl\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edka je mezi m\u00edstem vysl\u00e1n\u00ed a pracovn\u00edkem uzav\u0159ena pracovn\u00ed smlouva, co\u017e vede k dvojit\u00e9mu uzav\u0159en\u00ed pracovn\u00ed smlouvy. Tento aspekt je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pro rozli\u0161en\u00ed mezi do\u010dasn\u00fdm nasazen\u00edm a vysl\u00e1n\u00edm pracovn\u00edka.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_to_kvazimandat_a_smlouva_o_dilo\"><\/span>Co je to kvazimand\u00e1t a smlouva o d\u00edlo?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kvazimand\u00e1t a smlouva o d\u00edlo se li\u0161\u00ed od p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, jako je do\u010dasn\u00e1 p\u0159eveden\u00ed nebo vysl\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f, a nezahrnuje nutn\u011b zam\u011bstnance spole\u010dnosti. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, kdy\u017e samostatn\u00fd podnikatel, jako je freelancer, pracuje na m\u00edst\u011b u klienta, obvykle se uzav\u00edr\u00e1 smlouva v podob\u011b kvazimand\u00e1tu nebo smlouvy o d\u00edlo. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, pokud spole\u010dnost zam\u011bstn\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed IT specialisty uzav\u0159e smlouvu o kvazimand\u00e1tu nebo smlouvu o d\u00edlo s jinou spole\u010dnost\u00ed a um\u00edst\u00ed sv\u00e9 zam\u011bstnance na pracovi\u0161t\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 rozli\u0161it mezi do\u010dasn\u00fdm p\u0159eveden\u00edm a vysl\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi kvazimand\u00e1tem a smlouvou o d\u00edlo a jejich obsahu naleznete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/contract-and-timeandmaterialcontract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/contract-and-timeandmaterialcontract[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly mezi kvazimand\u00e1tem, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje n\u00e1le\u017eitou p\u00e9\u010di p\u0159i pln\u011bn\u00ed mand\u00e1tn\u00edch povinnost\u00ed, a smlouvou o d\u00edlo, kter\u00e1 klade d\u016fraz na &#8220;dokon\u010den\u00ed pr\u00e1ce&#8221;. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, pokud mluv\u00edme o rozd\u00edlech mezi do\u010dasn\u00fdm p\u0159eveden\u00edm a vysl\u00e1n\u00edm, je spole\u010dn\u00fdm prvkem to, \u017ee mezi klientem (obvykle u\u017eivatelem v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f atd.) a pracovn\u00edkem nevznik\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed vztah a ani vztah \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f. Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno, klient nen\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatelem technika ani jeho nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdm, ale m\u00e1 pouze vztah k podniku, kter\u00e9mu zad\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i umis\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f na pracovi\u0161t\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b kvazimand\u00e1tu nebo smlouvy o d\u00edlo je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby technici na m\u00edst\u011b pracovali v r\u00e1mci &#8220;pr\u00e1ce, kterou jejich spole\u010dnost p\u0159ijala&#8221;. Bez ohledu na to, jak t\u011bsn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce je pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 s vedouc\u00edmi pracovn\u00edky na m\u00edst\u011b, pokud se vytvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vztah \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f, vznikne z\u00e1konn\u00e1 povinnost zam\u011bstnat je. Tento bod je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd tak\u00e9 pro zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00edmu vyu\u017eit\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f, jako je fale\u0161n\u00e1 smlouva o d\u00edlo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de takzvan\u00e9 &#8220;SES smlouvy&#8221;, je to druh kvazimand\u00e1tu. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pochopit podstatu SES smlouvy, jako je:<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Nejsou kladeny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 povinnosti t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se &#8220;dokon\u010den\u00ed pr\u00e1ce&#8221; (rozli\u0161en\u00ed od smlouvy o d\u00edlo)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mezi vedouc\u00edm pracovn\u00edkem na m\u00edst\u011b a pracovn\u00edkem nevznik\u00e1 vztah \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f (rozli\u0161en\u00ed od vysl\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>To jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 z hlavn\u00edch bod\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed konceptu &#8220;dokon\u010den\u00ed pr\u00e1ce&#8221;, kter\u00fd charakterizuje smlouvu o d\u00edlo, naleznete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/completion-of-work-in-system-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/completion-of-work-in-system-development[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definice_fiktivniho_subdodavatelstvi_a_dodavky_pracovniku_a_duvody_proc_jsou_nelegalni\"><\/span>Definice fiktivn\u00edho subdodavatelstv\u00ed a dod\u00e1vky pracovn\u00edk\u016f a d\u016fvody, pro\u010d jsou neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/shutterstock_1089698336-1024x661.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5391\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Vysv\u011btl\u00edme definice &#8220;fiktivn\u00edho subdodavatelstv\u00ed&#8221; a &#8220;dod\u00e1vky pracovn\u00edk\u016f&#8221;.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9mu obsahu o vysl\u00e1n\u00ed, delegaci, kvazipov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a subdodavatelstv\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme sou\u010dasn\u011b pochopit, co je fiktivn\u00ed subdodavatelstv\u00ed. Je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt o &#8220;dod\u00e1vce pracovn\u00edk\u016f&#8221;, co\u017e je t\u00e9ma \u00fazce spojen\u00e9 s fiktivn\u00edm subdodavatelstv\u00edm. Dod\u00e1vka pracovn\u00edk\u016f je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b zak\u00e1z\u00e1na s trestem a pochopen\u00ed tohoto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nejen pro prevenci fiktivn\u00edho subdodavatelstv\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed leg\u00e1ln\u00edch smluv o vysl\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_fiktivni_subdodavatelstvi\"><\/span>Co je fiktivn\u00ed subdodavatelstv\u00ed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Fiktivn\u00ed subdodavatelstv\u00ed je v podstat\u011b situace, kdy se na povrchu, nap\u0159\u00edklad v smlouv\u011b, uzav\u00edr\u00e1 smlouva o subdodavatelstv\u00ed, ale skute\u010dnost pr\u00e1ce se st\u00e1v\u00e1 delegac\u00ed. Rozd\u00edl mezi delegac\u00ed a subdodavatelstv\u00edm spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, zda je mezi spole\u010dnost\u00ed a m\u00edstem trval\u00e9ho pobytu vytvo\u0159en vztah \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, z pohledu spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 pos\u00edl\u00e1 pracovn\u00edky na pracovi\u0161t\u011b, je nez\u00e1konn\u00e9, \u017ee neprov\u00e1d\u00ed leg\u00e1ln\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed v oblasti dod\u00e1vky lidsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f po z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed povolen\u00ed pro podnik\u00e1n\u00ed v oblasti dod\u00e1vky lidsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. Z pohledu spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 pracovn\u00edky na pracovi\u0161ti, je nez\u00e1konn\u00e9, \u017ee pokud chce p\u0159\u00edmo \u0159\u00eddit a p\u0159ikazovat pracovn\u00edk\u016fm, m\u011bla by je zam\u011bstnat, ale to ned\u011bl\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed definice fiktivn\u00edho subdodavatelstv\u00ed, jeho opat\u0159en\u00ed a zlep\u0161en\u00ed v souladu se z\u00e1konem lze nal\u00e9zt v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/criteria-for-disguised-contract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/criteria-for-disguised-contract[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_dodavka_pracovniku\"><\/span>Co je dod\u00e1vka pracovn\u00edk\u016f?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek tak\u00e9 podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btluje, co je dod\u00e1vka pracovn\u00edk\u016f, spolu s vysv\u011btlen\u00edm fiktivn\u00edho subdodavatelstv\u00ed. Dod\u00e1vka pracovn\u00edk\u016f znamen\u00e1, \u017ee krom\u011b toho, co odpov\u00edd\u00e1 delegaci, nech\u00e1v\u00e1te n\u011bkoho pracovat pod veden\u00edm jin\u00e9 osoby, co\u017e je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b zak\u00e1z\u00e1no s trestem. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee dod\u00e1vka pracovn\u00edk\u016f je zak\u00e1z\u00e1na z\u00e1konem, je tak\u00e9 z\u00e1kladem pro to, aby se fiktivn\u00ed subdodavatelstv\u00ed stalo neleg\u00e1ln\u00edm. Je dobr\u00e9 pochopit, co je dod\u00e1vka pracovn\u00edk\u016f, p\u0159i uv\u011bdomov\u00e1n\u00ed si celkov\u00e9ho pr\u016fb\u011bhu diskuse o tom, pro\u010d je fiktivn\u00ed subdodavatelstv\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Probl\u00e9mem v souvislosti s dod\u00e1vkou pracovn\u00edk\u016f je, jak se li\u0161\u00ed leg\u00e1ln\u00ed vysl\u00e1n\u00ed a neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed dod\u00e1vka pracovn\u00edk\u016f. Tento bod se t\u00fdk\u00e1 &#8220;podnik\u00e1n\u00ed v dod\u00e1vce pracovn\u00edk\u016f&#8221;, jak nazna\u010duje slovo, zda bylo podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, tj. p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee je prov\u00e1d\u011bno opakovan\u011b a kontinu\u00e1ln\u011b, podnikem. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud je c\u00edlem vysl\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee nebude hodnoceno jako podnik\u00e1n\u00ed v dod\u00e1vce pracovn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem je sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00fdm\u011bna lidsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, rozvoj lidsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a rozvoj kari\u00e9ry pracovn\u00edk\u016f ne\u017e jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed jako pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00edlem je koordinace pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly mezi skupinov\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi a p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi, a je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee se li\u0161\u00ed od &#8220;odstran\u011bn\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f&#8221;, kdy je c\u00edlem propustit je.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje mnoho zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak vyu\u017e\u00edt pracovn\u00edky, od p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e po jin\u00e9 formy. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pochopit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed my\u0161lenku japonsk\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 stanovuje, \u017ee by nem\u011bl b\u00fdt \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd zprost\u0159edkovatel mezi t\u011bmi, kdo pracuj\u00ed (pracovn\u00edci, zam\u011bstnanci) a t\u011bmi, kdo je zam\u011bstn\u00e1vaj\u00ed (firmy, zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9). Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pokud zam\u011bstnavatel \u0159\u00edd\u00ed a d\u00e1v\u00e1 pokyny pracovn\u00edk\u016fm, m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 povinnost chr\u00e1nit pr\u00e1va pracovn\u00edk\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee je zam\u011bstn\u00e1. Neleg\u00e1lnost fale\u0161n\u00fdch subdodavatelsk\u00fdch smluv a dod\u00e1vky pracovn\u00edk\u016f je podlo\u017eena t\u00edmto pohledem. Stejn\u011b tak je to d\u016fvod, pro\u010d nen\u00ed t\u0159eba dodr\u017eovat pracovn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo v smlouv\u00e1ch jako jsou kvazimand\u00e1tn\u00ed smlouvy a subdodavatelsk\u00e9 smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u016fvod, pro\u010d je nezbytn\u00e9 v\u011bnovat dostate\u010dnou pozornost pr\u00e1vn\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm p\u0159i leg\u00e1ln\u00edm prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed vysl\u00e1n\u00ed nebo do\u010dasn\u00e9ho p\u0159id\u011blen\u00ed, lze tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btlit jednotn\u011b. Term\u00edny jako vysl\u00e1n\u00ed, do\u010dasn\u00e9 p\u0159id\u011blen\u00ed, kvazimand\u00e1tn\u00ed smlouvy, fale\u0161n\u00e9 subdodavatelsk\u00e9 smlouvy a dod\u00e1vka pracovn\u00edk\u016f by m\u011bly b\u00fdt ch\u00e1p\u00e1ny v souvislosti s z\u00e1klady pracovn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, nikoli izolovan\u011b. Pokud se v praxi tyto rozd\u00edly st\u00e1vaj\u00ed nejasn\u00fdmi, m\u011bli byste se poradit s odborn\u00edkem na pr\u00e1vo, jako je pr\u00e1vn\u00edk.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nejen v IT spole\u010dnostech a projektech, ale i v ostatn\u00edch podnic\u00edch, jsou person\u00e1ln\u00ed a pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti \u010dasto oblast\u00ed, kde se mohou vyskytnout komplikovan\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Zejm\u00e9na ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdk [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63159,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[25,24],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61130"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61130"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63160,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61130\/revisions\/63160"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63159"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}