{"id":61146,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:55","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61146"},"modified":"2024-03-30T15:06:35","modified_gmt":"2024-03-30T06:06:35","slug":"cryptocurrency-custody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/cryptocurrency-custody","title":{"rendered":"Co je to \u010dinnost \u00faschovy? Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed regulac\u00ed pro poskytovatele slu\u017eeb v\u00fdm\u011bny kryptom\u011bn"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>&#8220;Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna&#8221;, nyn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako &#8220;kryptom\u011bna&#8221;, byla p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1na v roce 2020 (Gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159) podle novely Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch. Kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 burzy (sm\u011bn\u00e1rny a obchodn\u00ed platformy) jsou nyn\u00ed povinny se registrovat stejn\u011b jako finan\u010dn\u00ed instituce a podl\u00e9haj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdm regulac\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spolu s rostouc\u00ed popularitou kryptom\u011bn se objevily tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 slu\u017eby pen\u011b\u017eenek prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed &#8220;\u00faschovu&#8221; t\u011bchto kryptom\u011bn. Jak\u00e9 regulace se vztahuj\u00ed na tyto poskytovatele \u00faschov?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btl\u00edme, co znamen\u00e1 poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00faschov kryptom\u011bn a jak\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed regulace se vztahuj\u00ed na burzy kryptom\u011bn, v\u010detn\u011b poskytovatel\u016f \u00faschov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/cryptocurrency-custody\/#Co_jsou_kryptomeny\" title=\"Co jsou kryptom\u011bny\">Co jsou kryptom\u011bny<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/cryptocurrency-custody\/#Co_je_to_sluzba_spravy_kryptomen_virtualnich_men\" title=\"Co je to slu\u017eba spr\u00e1vy kryptom\u011bn (virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn)\">Co je to slu\u017eba spr\u00e1vy kryptom\u011bn (virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/cryptocurrency-custody\/#Tri_regulace_pro_provozovatele_kryptomenovych_burz\" title=\"T\u0159i regulace pro provozovatele kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch burz\">T\u0159i regulace pro provozovatele kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch burz<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/cryptocurrency-custody\/#Regulace_reklamy_a_nabidky_provozovatelu_kryptomenovych_burz\" title=\"Regulace reklamy a nab\u00eddky provozovatel\u016f kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch burz\">Regulace reklamy a nab\u00eddky provozovatel\u016f kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch burz<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/cryptocurrency-custody\/#Opatreni_tykajici_se_ochrany_uzivatelu\" title=\"Opat\u0159en\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se ochrany u\u017eivatel\u016f\">Opat\u0159en\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se ochrany u\u017eivatel\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/cryptocurrency-custody\/#Povinnost_ochrany_majetku_uzivatele\" title=\"Povinnost ochrany majetku u\u017eivatele\">Povinnost ochrany majetku u\u017eivatele<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/cryptocurrency-custody\/#Duvera_v_penize_uzivatele\" title=\"D\u016fv\u011bra v pen\u00edze u\u017eivatele\">D\u016fv\u011bra v pen\u00edze u\u017eivatele<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/cryptocurrency-custody\/#Oddelena_sprava_kryptomeny_uzivatele\" title=\"Odd\u011blen\u00e1 spr\u00e1va kryptom\u011bny u\u017eivatele\">Odd\u011blen\u00e1 spr\u00e1va kryptom\u011bny u\u017eivatele<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/cryptocurrency-custody\/#Drzeni_kryptomeny_zajistujici_plneni\" title=\"Dr\u017een\u00ed kryptom\u011bny zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed\">Dr\u017een\u00ed kryptom\u011bny zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/cryptocurrency-custody\/#Prednostni_pravo_na_splaceni_sverene_kryptomeny_a_kryptomeny_zajistujici_plneni\" title=\"P\u0159ednostn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na splacen\u00ed sv\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 kryptom\u011bny a kryptom\u011bny zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed\">P\u0159ednostn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na splacen\u00ed sv\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 kryptom\u011bny a kryptom\u011bny zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/cryptocurrency-custody\/#Dalsi_regulace_pro_provozovatele_kryptomenovych_burz\" title=\"Dal\u0161\u00ed regulace pro provozovatele kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch burz\">Dal\u0161\u00ed regulace pro provozovatele kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch burz<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/cryptocurrency-custody\/#Je_mozne_vyhnout_se_registraci_kryptomenove_smenarny\" title=\"Je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyhnout se registraci kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 sm\u011bn\u00e1rny?\">Je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyhnout se registraci kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 sm\u011bn\u00e1rny?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/cryptocurrency-custody\/#Shrnuti_Sluzby_uschovy_kryptomen\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed: Slu\u017eby \u00faschovy kryptom\u011bn\">Shrnut\u00ed: Slu\u017eby \u00faschovy kryptom\u011bn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/cryptocurrency-custody\/#Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_jsou_kryptomeny\"><\/span>Co jsou kryptom\u011bny<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Co vlastn\u011b znamen\u00e1 term\u00edn &#8220;kryptom\u011bna&#8221;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kryptom\u011bna je definov\u00e1na v Japonsk\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (Z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch, \u010dl\u00e1nek 2, odstavec 5) n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Hodnota majetku s n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi vlastnostmi:\n<ul>\n<li>M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eita k placen\u00ed neur\u010dit\u00e9 osob\u011b a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vz\u00e1jemn\u011b vym\u011bn\u011bna za z\u00e1konn\u00e9 platidlo s neur\u010ditou osobou<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Je elektronicky zaznamen\u00e1na a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159evedena<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nen\u00ed z\u00e1konn\u00fdm platidlem ani majetkem denominovan\u00fdm v z\u00e1konn\u00e9m platidle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hodnota majetku, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vz\u00e1jemn\u011b vym\u011bn\u011bna s v\u00fd\u0161e uvedenou hodnotou majetku s neur\u010ditou osobou<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nen\u00ed to, co zobrazuje &#8220;elektronick\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo&#8221; definovan\u00e9 v \u010dl\u00e1nku 2, odstavci 3 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s finan\u010dn\u00edmi produkty<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee &#8220;elektronick\u00e9 p\u0159evodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo&#8221; se vztahuje na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed tokeny (tzv. security tokens), kter\u00e9 jsou vyd\u00e1v\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed technologie blockchain a reprezentuj\u00ed pr\u00e1va, jako jsou pr\u00e1va z d\u016fv\u011bry nebo kolektivn\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00ed sch\u00e9ma, mezi jin\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kryptom\u011bny maj\u00ed dva aspekty: jako prost\u0159edek platby a jako investi\u010dn\u00ed c\u00edl. Kryptom\u011bny jako prost\u0159edek platby jsou regulov\u00e1ny Japonsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch, zat\u00edmco kryptom\u011bny jako investi\u010dn\u00ed c\u00edl jsou regulov\u00e1ny Japonsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem o obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s finan\u010dn\u00edmi produkty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_to_sluzba_spravy_kryptomen_virtualnich_men\"><\/span>Co je to slu\u017eba spr\u00e1vy kryptom\u011bn (virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/shutterstock_1967561386.png\" alt=\"Co je to slu\u017eba spr\u00e1vy kryptom\u011bn (virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn)\" class=\"wp-image-47346\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Custody&#8221; je finan\u010dn\u00ed a burzovn\u00ed term\u00edn, kter\u00fd znamen\u00e1 spr\u00e1vu cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f. Slu\u017eba spr\u00e1vy kryptom\u011bn znamen\u00e1 spr\u00e1vu kryptom\u011bn pro ostatn\u00ed jako sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu zvan\u00e9ho &#8220;pen\u011b\u017eenka&#8221;, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u017eivatel\u016fm spravovat jejich kryptom\u011bny, je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za sou\u010d\u00e1st slu\u017eby spr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V roce 2020 (Gregorian calendar year) byl zaveden novelizovan\u00fd Z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (japonsk\u00fd Z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch), kter\u00fd za\u0159adil tuto slu\u017ebu spr\u00e1vy do kategorie &#8220;podnik\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny kryptom\u011bn&#8221;. Z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch definuje podnik\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny kryptom\u011bn jako prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed jako podnik\u00e1n\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 2, odstavec 7, Z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Koup\u011b a prodej kryptom\u011bn nebo jejich v\u00fdm\u011bna za jin\u00e9 kryptom\u011bny<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zastupov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010dinnostech uveden\u00fdch v bod\u011b 1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spr\u00e1va pen\u011bz u\u017eivatel\u016f v souvislosti s \u010dinnostmi uveden\u00fdmi v bodech 1 a 2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spr\u00e1va kryptom\u011bn pro ostatn\u00ed (tj. slu\u017eba spr\u00e1vy)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>V d\u016fsledku toho se podnikatel\u00e9 poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed slu\u017eby spr\u00e1vy mus\u00ed zaregistrovat jako podnikatel\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bny kryptom\u011bn a podl\u00e9haj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdm regulac\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tri_regulace_pro_provozovatele_kryptomenovych_burz\"><\/span>T\u0159i regulace pro provozovatele kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch burz<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/shutterstock_2146033813.png\" alt=\"T\u0159i regulace pro provozovatele kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch burz\" class=\"wp-image-47348\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Provozovatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se omezuj\u00ed pouze na spr\u00e1vu kryptom\u011bn (tzv. custodians), jsou tak\u00e9 pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za &#8220;kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 burzy&#8221; podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (Z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch), a jsou proto povinni se registrovat a dodr\u017eovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 regulace. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku vysv\u011btl\u00edme regulace t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch burz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Regulace_reklamy_a_nabidky_provozovatelu_kryptomenovych_burz\"><\/span>Regulace reklamy a nab\u00eddky provozovatel\u016f kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch burz<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Provozovatel\u00e9 kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch burz mus\u00ed p\u0159i reklam\u011b sv\u00fdch slu\u017eeb uv\u00e1d\u011bt n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed informace (podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 63 odst. 9 odst. 2 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch a \u010dl\u00e1nku 18 Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy o provozovatel\u00edch kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch burz).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Obchodn\u00ed n\u00e1zev provozovatele kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 burzy, skute\u010dnost, \u017ee je provozovatelem kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 burzy, a registra\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee kryptom\u011bna nen\u00ed m\u011bnou Japonska ani ciz\u00ed m\u011bnou<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Skute\u010dnost a d\u016fvody, pro\u010d m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b v d\u016fsledku kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed hodnoty kryptom\u011bny<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee kryptom\u011bnu lze pou\u017e\u00edt k \u00fahrad\u011b pouze se souhlasem p\u0159\u00edjemce<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le jsou p\u0159i reklam\u011b nebo uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy o v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b kryptom\u011bn zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dinnosti (podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 63 odst. 9 odst. 3 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed nepravdiv\u00fdch informac\u00ed nebo uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by mohly v\u00e9st k nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu pochopen\u00ed povahy kryptom\u011bny<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Podpora obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s kryptom\u011bnami nebo jejich v\u00fdm\u011bny za jin\u00e9 kryptom\u011bny za \u00fa\u010delem zisku, nikoli jako platebn\u00edho prost\u0159edku<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010cinnosti, kter\u00e9 by mohly ohrozit ochranu u\u017eivatel\u016f kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch burz nebo spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed slu\u017eeb kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch burz<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Opatreni_tykajici_se_ochrany_uzivatelu\"><\/span>Opat\u0159en\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se ochrany u\u017eivatel\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Poskytovatel\u00e9 slu\u017eeb kryptom\u011bn jsou povinni poskytovat informace o povaze kryptom\u011bn a obsahu smlouvy za \u00fa\u010delem ochrany u\u017eivatel\u016f. D\u00e1le mus\u00ed p\u0159ijmout nezbytn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho a spolehliv\u00e9ho prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed pro ochranu u\u017eivatel\u016f (Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch, \u010dl\u00e1nek 63, odstavec 10).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Povinnost_ochrany_majetku_uzivatele\"><\/span>Povinnost ochrany majetku u\u017eivatele<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro p\u0159\u00edpad \u00faniku kryptom\u011bny u\u017eivatele nebo bankrotu v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00e9ho m\u00edsta kryptom\u011bn jsou na v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00e1 m\u00edsta kryptom\u011bn kladeny hlavn\u011b n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed povinnosti ochrany majetku u\u017eivatele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Duvera_v_penize_uzivatele\"><\/span>D\u016fv\u011bra v pen\u00edze u\u017eivatele<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00e1 m\u00edsta kryptom\u011bn mus\u00ed spravovat pen\u00edze sv\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 od u\u017eivatel\u016f odd\u011blen\u011b od sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch pen\u011bz a mus\u00ed je sv\u011b\u0159it d\u016fv\u011brn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti atd. (Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch, \u010dl\u00e1nek 63, odstavec 11, bod 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Oddelena_sprava_kryptomeny_uzivatele\"><\/span>Odd\u011blen\u00e1 spr\u00e1va kryptom\u011bny u\u017eivatele<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00e1 m\u00edsta kryptom\u011bn mus\u00ed spravovat kryptom\u011bnu sv\u011b\u0159enou od u\u017eivatel\u016f odd\u011blen\u011b od sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed kryptom\u011bny. Krom\u011b toho, kryptom\u011bna u\u017eivatele mus\u00ed b\u00fdt spravov\u00e1na metodou s vysokou \u00farovn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti stanovenou v na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kabinetu (Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch, \u010dl\u00e1nek 63, odstavec 11, bod 2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b, informace pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro p\u0159evod kryptom\u011bny u\u017eivatele (soukrom\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d) mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zaznamen\u00e1ny a spravov\u00e1ny na elektronick\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed neust\u00e1le p\u0159ipojeno k internetu (tzv. &#8220;cold wallet&#8221;), nebo mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zavedena jin\u00e1 technick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou s t\u00edmto srovnateln\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak pro pohodl\u00ed u\u017eivatele je povoleno spravovat mno\u017estv\u00ed kryptom\u011bny odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed 5% celkov\u00e9 kryptom\u011bny u\u017eivatele (v p\u0159epo\u010dtu na japonsk\u00e9 jeny) jin\u00fdmi metodami ne\u017e je metoda s vysokou \u00farovn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti, jako je &#8220;cold wallet&#8221; (spr\u00e1va pomoc\u00ed &#8220;hot wallet&#8221; atd.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Drzeni_kryptomeny_zajistujici_plneni\"><\/span>Dr\u017een\u00ed kryptom\u011bny zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00e1 m\u00edsta kryptom\u011bn mohou spravovat \u010d\u00e1st sv\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 kryptom\u011bny jin\u00fdmi metodami ne\u017e je &#8220;metoda s vysokou \u00farovn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti&#8221;, jako je &#8220;hot wallet&#8221;. Av\u0161ak pokud dojde k \u00faniku t\u011bchto kryptom\u011bn, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k situaci, kdy nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 splnit povinnost vr\u00e1tit je u\u017eivateli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto je na v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00e1 m\u00edsta kryptom\u011bn kladena povinnost dr\u017eet stejn\u00fd druh a mno\u017estv\u00ed kryptom\u011bny (naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 &#8220;kryptom\u011bna zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed&#8221;) jako jejich vlastn\u00ed kryptom\u011bnu a spravovat je odd\u011blen\u011b od sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed kryptom\u011bny (Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch, \u010dl\u00e1nek 63, odstavec 11, bod 2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prednostni_pravo_na_splaceni_sverene_kryptomeny_a_kryptomeny_zajistujici_plneni\"><\/span>P\u0159ednostn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na splacen\u00ed sv\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 kryptom\u011bny a kryptom\u011bny zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>U\u017eivatel\u00e9 maj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo po\u017eadovat vr\u00e1cen\u00ed kryptom\u011bny od v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00fdch m\u00edst kryptom\u011bn. U sv\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 kryptom\u011bny a kryptom\u011bny zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00e1 m\u00edsta kryptom\u011bn spravuj\u00ed odd\u011blen\u011b, maj\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo na splacen\u00ed p\u0159ed ostatn\u00edmi v\u011b\u0159iteli (Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch, \u010dl\u00e1nek 63, odstavec 11, bod 2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dalsi_regulace_pro_provozovatele_kryptomenovych_burz\"><\/span>Dal\u0161\u00ed regulace pro provozovatele kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch burz<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b regulac\u00ed stanoven\u00fdch v Japonsk\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch, provozovatel\u00e9 kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch burz maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 povinnosti stanoven\u00e9 v Japonsk\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b o prevenci p\u0159evodu v\u00fdnos\u016f z trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, aby zabr\u00e1nili pran\u00ed pen\u011bz a dal\u0161\u00edm trestn\u00fdm \u010din\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed a uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1znam\u016f o ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed toto\u017enosti u\u017eivatel\u016f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1znam\u016f o transakc\u00edch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed podez\u0159el\u00fdch transakc\u00ed Japonsk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eb\u011b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Je_mozne_vyhnout_se_registraci_kryptomenove_smenarny\"><\/span>Je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyhnout se registraci kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 sm\u011bn\u00e1rny?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdch regulac\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se kryptom\u011bnov\u00fdch sm\u011bn\u00e1ren je pro registraci kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 sm\u011bn\u00e1rny vy\u017eadov\u00e1n finan\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1klad (nap\u0159\u00edklad kapit\u00e1l ve v\u00fd\u0161i 10 milion\u016f jen\u016f a v\u00edce a \u010dist\u00e1 aktiva nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt z\u00e1porn\u00e1), a je po\u017eadov\u00e1no zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9 provozov\u00e1n\u00ed kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 sm\u011bn\u00e1rny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro oper\u00e1tory, kte\u0159\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed pouze slu\u017eby \u00faschovy a nejsou burzou nebo sm\u011bn\u00e1rnou kryptom\u011bn, jsou tyto regulace velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 a mohou b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku pro nov\u00e9 subjekty na trhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, je tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 manipulovat s kryptom\u011bnami u\u017eivatel\u016f bez nutnosti registrace kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 sm\u011bn\u00e1rny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch ve\u0159ejnosti Japonsk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby (FSA) o po\u017eadavc\u00edch na &#8220;spr\u00e1vu kryptom\u011bn pro ostatn\u00ed&#8221; zahrnut\u00fdch v rozsahu kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 sm\u011bn\u00e1rny je naps\u00e1no n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>A\u010dkoli by m\u011blo b\u00fdt rozhodov\u00e1no podle skute\u010dnosti v ka\u017ed\u00e9m jednotliv\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, pokud oper\u00e1tor uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze \u010d\u00e1st soukrom\u00e9ho kl\u00ed\u010de pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho pro p\u0159evod kryptom\u011bn u\u017eivatele a kryptom\u011bny u\u017eivatele nelze p\u0159ev\u00e9st pouze pomoc\u00ed soukrom\u00e9ho kl\u00ed\u010de, kter\u00fd oper\u00e1tor uchov\u00e1v\u00e1, je z\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159edpokladem, \u017ee tento oper\u00e1tor nen\u00ed v pozici, kdy by mohl aktivn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt kryptom\u011bny u\u017eivatele, a proto se nepova\u017euje za &#8220;spr\u00e1vu kryptom\u011bn pro ostatn\u00ed&#8221; podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 2 odstavec 7 bod 4 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fsa.go.jp\/news\/r1\/sonota\/20200403\/01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">V\u00fdsledky ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f k n\u00e1vrh\u016fm na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kabinetu t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se zm\u011bn z\u00e1kona o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch v roce Reiwa 1 (2019)[ja]<\/a> No.10\uff5e12<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pokud oper\u00e1tor nem\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ev\u00e9st kryptom\u011bnu u\u017eivatele pouze pomoc\u00ed soukrom\u00e9ho kl\u00ed\u010de, kter\u00fd uchov\u00e1v\u00e1, nepova\u017euje se za kryptom\u011bnovou sm\u011bn\u00e1rnu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le, pokud je soukrom\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d, kter\u00fd oper\u00e1tor uchov\u00e1v\u00e1, za\u0161ifrov\u00e1n a oper\u00e1tor neuchov\u00e1v\u00e1 informace pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto soukrom\u00e9ho kl\u00ed\u010de, i kdy\u017e uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0161echny soukrom\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k p\u0159evodu kryptom\u011bny u\u017eivatele, nepova\u017euje se za &#8220;spr\u00e1vu kryptom\u011bn pro ostatn\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto, pokud navrhnete obchodn\u00ed model tak, aby nespadal do kategorie kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 sm\u011bn\u00e1rny, je mo\u017en\u00e9 se vyhnout registraci kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 sm\u011bn\u00e1rny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti_Sluzby_uschovy_kryptomen\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed: Slu\u017eby \u00faschovy kryptom\u011bn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Poskytovatel\u00e9 \u00faschovy, kte\u0159\u00ed nab\u00edzej\u00ed slu\u017eby pen\u011b\u017eenek pro kryptom\u011bny, spadaj\u00ed pod kategorii v\u00fdm\u011bny kryptom\u011bn a jsou podl\u00e9haj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdm regulac\u00edm, v\u010detn\u011b povinnosti registrace a regulace reklamy, stejn\u011b jako opat\u0159en\u00ed pro ochranu u\u017eivatel\u016f. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, pokud nelze p\u0159ev\u00e9st kryptom\u011bnu u\u017eivatele pouze pomoc\u00ed soukrom\u00e9ho kl\u00ed\u010de, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 poskytovatel, nepova\u017euje se to za v\u00fdm\u011bnu kryptom\u011bn a nepodl\u00e9h\u00e1 povinnosti registrace ani regulaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u010dkoli se rozhodnut\u00ed li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadu, je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyhnout se povinnosti registrace a r\u016fzn\u00fdm regulac\u00edm v z\u00e1vislosti na n\u00e1vrhu obchodn\u00edho modelu. Doporu\u010dujeme konzultovat ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se relevanci \u00faschovn\u00fdch slu\u017eeb a pot\u0159eby registrace v\u00fdm\u011bny kryptom\u011bn s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem, kter\u00fd je dob\u0159e obezn\u00e1men s kryptom\u011bnami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jako pr\u00e1vn\u00ed poradci a audito\u0159i pro firmy provozuj\u00edc\u00ed kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 burzy, tv\u016frci b\u00edl\u00fdch knih pro ICO z pr\u00e1vn\u00edho hlediska a prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed recenze na z\u00e1klad\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00edch aspekt\u016f, se zab\u00fdv\u00e1me v\u0161emi pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi slu\u017ebami souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi s kryptom\u011bnami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/practices\/itlaw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/practices\/itlaw[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna&#8221;, nyn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako &#8220;kryptom\u011bna&#8221;, byla p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1na v roce 2020 (Gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159) podle novely Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch. Kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 burzy ( [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":64102,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[20,19],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61146"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61146"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61146\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64103,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61146\/revisions\/64103"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61146"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}