{"id":61167,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:56","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61167"},"modified":"2024-08-27T11:07:48","modified_gmt":"2024-08-27T02:07:48","slug":"laborer-judgment-criteria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/laborer-judgment-criteria","title":{"rendered":"Je freelancer &#8220;pracovn\u00edkem&#8221;? Krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00edka, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bl zn\u00e1t zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za pracovn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Vzhledem k n\u00e1r\u016fstu cloudov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00edch pr\u00e1ci na internetu se zp\u016fsoby pr\u00e1ce st\u00e1vaj\u00ed r\u016fznorod\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. Zda lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed pracuj\u00ed t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem, jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za pracovn\u00edky, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm bodem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za &#8220;pracovn\u00edky&#8221;, budou chr\u00e1n\u011bni r\u016fzn\u00fdmi z\u00e1kony, jako je Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o pracovn\u00edch standardech (Rodo Kijun Ho), Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o pracovn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch a Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o odborech. Osoby odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za pracovn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti v podnic\u00edch mus\u00ed pochopit, kdo z lid\u00ed zapojen\u00fdch do pr\u00e1ce je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za &#8220;pracovn\u00edka&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btl\u00edme krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed, zda je n\u011bkdo pracovn\u00edkem, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bli zn\u00e1t osoby odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za pracovn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti v podnic\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/laborer-judgment-criteria\/#Definice_a_vyznam_pracovnika\" title=\"Definice a v\u00fdznam pracovn\u00edka\">Definice a v\u00fdznam pracovn\u00edka<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/laborer-judgment-criteria\/#Definice_pracovnika_a_kriteria_pro_urceni_pracovnika\" title=\"Definice pracovn\u00edka a krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00edka\">Definice pracovn\u00edka a krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00edka<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/laborer-judgment-criteria\/#Definice_pracovnika_a_kriteria_pro_urceni_pracovnika_podle_Zakona_o_pracovnich_normach_a_Zakona_o_pracovni_smlouve_Japonsky_Zakon_o_pracovnich_normach_a_Japonsky_Zakon_o_pracovni_smlouve\" title=\"Definice pracovn\u00edka a krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00edka podle Z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch a Z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b (Japonsk\u00fd Z\u00e1kon o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch a Japonsk\u00fd Z\u00e1kon o pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b)\">Definice pracovn\u00edka a krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00edka podle Z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch a Z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b (Japonsk\u00fd Z\u00e1kon o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch a Japonsk\u00fd Z\u00e1kon o pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/laborer-judgment-criteria\/#Definice_pracovnika_a_kriteria_pro_urceni_pracovnika_podle_japonskeho_zakona_o_odborech_Japanese_Trade_Union_Act\" title=\"Definice pracovn\u00edka a krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00edka podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odborech (Japanese Trade Union Act)\">Definice pracovn\u00edka a krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00edka podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odborech (Japanese Trade Union Act)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/laborer-judgment-criteria\/#Dva_pripady_tykajici_se_statusu_pracovnika\" title=\"Dva p\u0159\u00edpady t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se statusu pracovn\u00edka\">Dva p\u0159\u00edpady t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se statusu pracovn\u00edka<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/laborer-judgment-criteria\/#Pripad_tykajici_se_kriterii_pro_urceni_statusu_pracovnika_podle_Japonskeho_zakona_o_pracovnich_normach_a_Japonskeho_zakona_o_pojisteni_pracovnich_urazu\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pro ur\u010den\u00ed statusu pracovn\u00edka podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch a Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pracovn\u00edch \u00faraz\u016f\">P\u0159\u00edpad t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pro ur\u010den\u00ed statusu pracovn\u00edka podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch a Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pracovn\u00edch \u00faraz\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/laborer-judgment-criteria\/#Pripad_tykajici_se_kriterii_pro_urceni_statusu_pracovnika_podle_Japonskeho_zakona_o_odborech\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pro ur\u010den\u00ed statusu pracovn\u00edka podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odborech\">P\u0159\u00edpad t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pro ur\u010den\u00ed statusu pracovn\u00edka podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odborech<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/laborer-judgment-criteria\/#Dulezite_body_pri_posuzovani_statusu_pracovnika\" title=\"D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 body p\u0159i posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed statusu pracovn\u00edka\">D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 body p\u0159i posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed statusu pracovn\u00edka<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/laborer-judgment-criteria\/#Rozdil_mezi_zamestnanim_a_smlouvou_o_provedeni_prace\" title=\"Rozd\u00edl mezi zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00edm a smlouvou o proveden\u00ed pr\u00e1ce\">Rozd\u00edl mezi zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00edm a smlouvou o proveden\u00ed pr\u00e1ce<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/laborer-judgment-criteria\/#Pracovni_povaha_freelanceru\" title=\"Pracovn\u00ed povaha freelancer\u016f\">Pracovn\u00ed povaha freelancer\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/laborer-judgment-criteria\/#Zachazeni_s_pracovniky_na_castecny_uvazek\" title=\"Zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s pracovn\u00edky na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd \u00favazek\">Zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s pracovn\u00edky na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd \u00favazek<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/laborer-judgment-criteria\/#Pracovni_povaha_osob_zapojenych_do_rizeni_spolecnosti_reditelu_atd\" title=\"Pracovn\u00ed povaha osob zapojen\u00fdch do \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti (\u0159editel\u016f atd.)\">Pracovn\u00ed povaha osob zapojen\u00fdch do \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti (\u0159editel\u016f atd.)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/laborer-judgment-criteria\/#Shrnuti_Poradenstvi_ohledne_statusu_zamestnance_by_melo_byt_smerovano_k_pravnikovi\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed: Poradenstv\u00ed ohledn\u011b statusu zam\u011bstnance by m\u011blo b\u00fdt sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1no k pr\u00e1vn\u00edkovi\">Shrnut\u00ed: Poradenstv\u00ed ohledn\u011b statusu zam\u011bstnance by m\u011blo b\u00fdt sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1no k pr\u00e1vn\u00edkovi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/laborer-judgment-criteria\/#Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definice_a_vyznam_pracovnika\"><\/span>Definice a v\u00fdznam pracovn\u00edka<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pracovn\u00edk je obecn\u011b osoba, kter\u00e1 je zam\u011bstn\u00e1na na z\u00e1klad\u011b pracovn\u00ed smlouvy s zam\u011bstnavatelem, ale podrobn\u011bji je definov\u00e1n n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm z\u00e1konem o pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je n\u011bkdo pova\u017eov\u00e1n za pracovn\u00edka, je chr\u00e1n\u011bn r\u016fzn\u00fdmi pracovn\u00edmi z\u00e1kony, kter\u00e9 reguluj\u00ed vztahy mezi zam\u011bstnavateli a zam\u011bstnanci. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zn\u00e1t krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kony chr\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va pracovn\u00edk\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch (Roudou Kijun Hou): stanovuje z\u00e1sady pro platbu mezd, pracovn\u00ed dobu a p\u0159\u00edplatky za p\u0159es\u010dasy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzd\u011b (Saitei Chingin Hou): stanovuje minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdu pro pracovn\u00edky<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o bezpe\u010dnosti a ochran\u011b zdrav\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci (Roudou Anzen Eisei Hou): zaji\u0161\u0165uje bezpe\u010dnost a zdrav\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f proti \u00faraz\u016fm (Rousai Hoken Hou): kompenzuje pracovn\u00edky za zran\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 prac\u00ed nebo doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o pracovn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch (Roudou Keiyaku Hou): stanovuje pravidla pro pracovn\u00ed smlouvy za \u00fa\u010delem ochrany pracovn\u00edk\u016f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o odborov\u00fdch svazech (Roudou Kumiai Hou): stanovuje pravidla pro odborov\u00e9 svazy a zlep\u0161en\u00ed postaven\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud n\u011bkdo nen\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1n za pracovn\u00edka, nem\u016f\u017ee se t\u011bchto ochran dovol\u00e1vat, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro n\u011bkoho, kdo pracuje, nev\u00fdhodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definice_pracovnika_a_kriteria_pro_urceni_pracovnika\"><\/span>Definice pracovn\u00edka a krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00edka<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Shutterstock_1365906401.jpg\" alt=\"Definice pracovn\u00edka a krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00edka\" class=\"wp-image-61121\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Definice pracovn\u00edka je stanovena v r\u016fzn\u00fdch z\u00e1konech, jako je Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch, Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o pracovn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch, Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o odborov\u00fdch svazech atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definice_pracovnika_a_kriteria_pro_urceni_pracovnika_podle_Zakona_o_pracovnich_normach_a_Zakona_o_pracovni_smlouve_Japonsky_Zakon_o_pracovnich_normach_a_Japonsky_Zakon_o_pracovni_smlouve\"><\/span>Definice pracovn\u00edka a krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00edka podle Z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch a Z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b (Japonsk\u00fd Z\u00e1kon o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch a Japonsk\u00fd Z\u00e1kon o pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 9 Japonsk\u00e9ho Z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch je pracovn\u00edk definov\u00e1n jako &#8220;osoba, kter\u00e1 je zam\u011bstn\u00e1na v jak\u00e9mkoli povol\u00e1n\u00ed, v podniku nebo kancel\u00e1\u0159i a kter\u00e9 je vypl\u00e1cena mzda&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle odstavce 1 \u010dl\u00e1nku 2 Japonsk\u00e9ho Z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b je pracovn\u00edk definov\u00e1n jako &#8220;osoba, kter\u00e1 pracuje pro zam\u011bstnavatele a je j\u00ed vypl\u00e1cena mzda&#8221;, co\u017e je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 toto\u017en\u00e9 s definic\u00ed podle Japonsk\u00e9ho Z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pracovnick\u00fd status podle Japonsk\u00e9ho Z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch a Japonsk\u00e9ho Z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b je ur\u010dov\u00e1n na z\u00e1klad\u011b celkov\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee i kdy\u017e jsou spln\u011bna v\u0161echna krit\u00e9ria, pracovnick\u00fd status nen\u00ed automaticky uzn\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 odm\u00edtnout po\u017eadavky na pr\u00e1ci nebo pokyny k pr\u00e1ci<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Existuj\u00ed pokyny a p\u0159\u00edkazy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahu a zp\u016fsobu prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Existuj\u00ed specifikace a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pracovn\u00edho m\u00edsta a \u010dasu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 nahradit poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1ce (nap\u0159\u00edklad nelze pou\u017e\u00edt asistenta podle vlastn\u00edho uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed nebo nechat n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho vykon\u00e1vat pr\u00e1ci m\u00edsto sebe)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Existuje kompenzace za pr\u00e1ci (mzda nen\u00ed stanovena na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdsledk\u016f, ale na z\u00e1klad\u011b pracovn\u00ed doby)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nen\u00ed podnikatelem (stroje a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro pr\u00e1ci vlastn\u00ed zadavatel)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nese ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 dan\u011b a poplatky (nap\u0159\u00edklad prov\u00e1d\u00ed zdrojov\u00e9 zdan\u011bn\u00ed a sr\u00e1\u017eky pojistn\u00e9ho)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definice_pracovnika_a_kriteria_pro_urceni_pracovnika_podle_japonskeho_zakona_o_odborech_Japanese_Trade_Union_Act\"><\/span>Definice pracovn\u00edka a krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00edka podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odborech (Japanese Trade Union Act)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 3 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odborech (Japanese Trade Union Act) je pracovn\u00edkem &#8220;ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo se \u017eiv\u00ed z p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f z jak\u00e9hokoli druhu zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e jsou to mzdy, platy nebo jin\u00e9 podobn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy&#8221;. Toto je \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed pojet\u00ed ne\u017e definice pracovn\u00edka podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch (Japanese Labor Standards Act) nebo japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch (Japanese Labor Contract Act).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00edka podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odborech (Japanese Trade Union Act) jsou podrobn\u011b shrnuta v <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/web\/t_doc?dataId=00tb8307&amp;dataType=1&amp;pageNo=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zpr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 skupiny pro pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed vztahy (Krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00edka podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odborech)[ja]<\/a>, kter\u00e1 byla vytvo\u0159ena v \u010dervenci 2011 (Heisei 23).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle t\u00e9to zpr\u00e1vy jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi krit\u00e9rii n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159i body:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed do podnikov\u00e9 organizace: Pracovn\u00ed s\u00edla pracuj\u00edc\u00edch lid\u00ed je zaji\u0161t\u011bna jako nezbytn\u00e1 a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edla pro pln\u011bn\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f druh\u00e9 strany a probl\u00e9my by m\u011bly b\u00fdt \u0159e\u0161eny kolektivn\u00edm vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jednostrann\u00e9 a standardizovan\u00e9 rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o obsahu smlouvy: Existuje nerovnov\u00e1ha vyjedn\u00e1vac\u00ed s\u00edly mezi pracuj\u00edc\u00edmi a druhou stranou, a je t\u0159eba chr\u00e1nit pracuj\u00edc\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm syst\u00e9mu kolektivn\u00edho vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Odplata za pr\u00e1ci: Pracuj\u00edc\u00ed lid\u00e9 dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed odm\u011bnu v\u00fdm\u011bnou za svou pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le jsou jako dopl\u0148kov\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria uvedeny:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Vztah k po\u017eadavku na pr\u00e1ci: Mezi pracuj\u00edc\u00edmi a druhou stranou existuje dohoda, \u017ee pracuj\u00edc\u00ed by m\u011bli pracovat pro druhou stranu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1ce pod \u0161irok\u00fdm dohledem a \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 a m\u00edstn\u00ed omezen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Naopak, jako negativn\u00ed krit\u00e9rium je uvedena &#8220;v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 podnikatelsk\u00e1 povaha&#8221;. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud je &#8220;mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt obchodn\u00ed aktivity nejen na z\u00e1klad\u011b smlouvy, ale tak\u00e9 ve skute\u010dnosti, a existuje \u0161irok\u00fd prostor pro zm\u011bnu zisku a ztr\u00e1ty na z\u00e1klad\u011b vlastn\u00edho rozhodnut\u00ed&#8221; nebo &#8220;poskytovatel pr\u00e1ce vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jin\u00e9 osoby&#8221;, je obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed uznat pracovn\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dva_pripady_tykajici_se_statusu_pracovnika\"><\/span>Dva p\u0159\u00edpady t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se statusu pracovn\u00edka<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_tykajici_se_kriterii_pro_urceni_statusu_pracovnika_podle_Japonskeho_zakona_o_pracovnich_normach_a_Japonskeho_zakona_o_pojisteni_pracovnich_urazu\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pro ur\u010den\u00ed statusu pracovn\u00edka podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch a Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pracovn\u00edch \u00faraz\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Shutterstock_1584196582.jpg\" alt=\"P\u0159\u00edpad t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pro ur\u010den\u00ed statusu pracovn\u00edka podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch a Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pracovn\u00edch \u00faraz\u016f\" class=\"wp-image-61122\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pro ur\u010den\u00ed statusu pracovn\u00edka podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch a Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pracovn\u00edch \u00faraz\u016f je p\u0159\u00edpad \u0159editele jihoyokohamsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu pro pracovn\u00ed normy (Asahi Paper Industry) (rozsudek Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu z 28. listopadu 1996 (rok Heisei 8)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stru\u010dn\u00fd popis tohoto p\u0159\u00edpadu je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u0158idi\u010d A p\u0159ivezl sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u016fz do spole\u010dnosti X a v\u00fdhradn\u011b se v\u011bnoval p\u0159eprav\u011b produkt\u016f spole\u010dnosti X.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A byl zran\u011bn b\u011bhem pr\u00e1ce a po\u017e\u00e1dal o n\u00e1hradu za l\u00e9\u010dbu a ztr\u00e1tu p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pracovn\u00edch \u00faraz\u016f, ale bylo mu to zam\u00edtnuto s od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm, \u017ee nen\u00ed pracovn\u00edkem. Proto podal \u017ealobu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto je stru\u010dn\u00fd popis p\u0159\u00edpadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nebyl A uzn\u00e1n jako pracovn\u00edk a prohr\u00e1l soudn\u00ed spor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u016fvody pro toto rozhodnut\u00ed byly:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>A vlastnil n\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u016fz a provozoval p\u0159epravn\u00ed slu\u017eby podle sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>X nevykon\u00e1val \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed dohled nebo \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nad prac\u00ed A.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zp\u016fsob platby odm\u011bny (byla zalo\u017eena na v\u00fdkonnosti a nebyly uplatn\u011bny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky na zdroji pro da\u0148 z p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f nebo pojistn\u00e9).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 z d\u016fvod\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e byl A v\u00fdhradn\u011b zam\u011bstn\u00e1n v p\u0159epravn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch X a nem\u011bl svobodu odm\u00edtnout pokyny, a pracovn\u00ed doba byla v podstat\u011b ur\u010dena podle pokyn\u016f X, A nebyl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za pracovn\u00edka podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch a Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pracovn\u00edch \u00faraz\u016f, a jeho status pracovn\u00edka byl zam\u00edtnut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_tykajici_se_kriterii_pro_urceni_statusu_pracovnika_podle_Japonskeho_zakona_o_odborech\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pro ur\u010den\u00ed statusu pracovn\u00edka podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odborech<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pro ur\u010den\u00ed statusu pracovn\u00edka podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odborech je p\u0159\u00edpad INAX Maintenance (rozsudek Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu ze dne 12. dubna 2011 (rok Heisei 23)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stru\u010dn\u00fd popis tohoto p\u0159\u00edpadu je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Odbor X, do kter\u00e9ho se p\u0159ipojili z\u00e1kazni\u010dt\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed opravy a \u00fadr\u017ebu dom\u00e1c\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, po\u017e\u00e1dal spole\u010dnost Y, kter\u00e9 odbor X sv\u011b\u0159il pr\u00e1ci, o kolektivn\u00ed vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spole\u010dnost Y odm\u00edtla s od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm, \u017ee z\u00e1kazni\u010dt\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i jsou samostatn\u00fdmi podnikateli a nepova\u017euj\u00ed se za pracovn\u00edky podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odborech.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>X podal \u017ealobu s tvrzen\u00edm, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o nespravedliv\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed postupy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto je stru\u010dn\u00fd popis p\u0159\u00edpadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud rozhodl, \u017ee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Je p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 pova\u017eovat z\u00e1kaznick\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdry za nezbytnou pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu integrovanou do organizace Y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Podle memoranda o smlouv\u011b o pr\u00e1ci stanoven\u00e9ho Y, Y jednostrann\u011b ur\u010doval obsah smlouvy se z\u00e1kaznick\u00fdmi in\u017een\u00fdry.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zp\u016fsob platby odm\u011bny m\u00e1 charakter odm\u011bny za poskytnut\u00ed pr\u00e1ce.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Z t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud dosp\u011bl k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee z\u00e1kazni\u010dt\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i jsou pracovn\u00edky ve vztahu k Y podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odborech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Status pracovn\u00edka podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odborech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1n i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy je m\u00edra dohledu a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo omezen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se \u010dasu a m\u00edsta poskytnut\u00ed pr\u00e1ce takov\u00e1, \u017ee by nebyl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za pracovn\u00edka podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dulezite_body_pri_posuzovani_statusu_pracovnika\"><\/span>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 body p\u0159i posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed statusu pracovn\u00edka<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Je snadn\u00e9 pochopit, \u017ee pln\u011b zam\u011bstnan\u00ed nebo do\u010dasn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za pracovn\u00edky. Av\u0161ak jak je posuzov\u00e1n status pracovn\u00edka u freelancer\u016f, pracovn\u00edk\u016f na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd \u00favazek nebo t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed podniku, je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu n\u011bkolik d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch bod\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozdil_mezi_zamestnanim_a_smlouvou_o_provedeni_prace\"><\/span>Rozd\u00edl mezi zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00edm a smlouvou o proveden\u00ed pr\u00e1ce<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e1 smlouva je smlouva, podle kter\u00e9 se zam\u011bstnanec zavazuje k pr\u00e1ci a zam\u011bstnavatel se zavazuje platit mu za tuto pr\u00e1ci. Pokud je uzav\u0159ena zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e1 smlouva, zam\u011bstnanec m\u00e1 n\u00e1rok na r\u016fzn\u00e9 formy ochrany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, smlouva o proveden\u00ed pr\u00e1ce je smlouva, podle kter\u00e9 zadavatel sv\u011b\u0159uje pln\u011bn\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce dodavateli a plat\u00ed mu za tuto pr\u00e1ci. Zadavatel a dodavatel jsou v rovnocenn\u00e9m vztahu a dodavatel nem\u00e1 n\u00e1rok na ochranu jako zam\u011bstnanec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak v z\u00e1vislosti na obsahu smlouvy o proveden\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dodavateli uzn\u00e1na status zam\u011bstnance a m\u016f\u017ee tak z\u00edskat n\u00e1rok na ochranu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pracovni_povaha_freelanceru\"><\/span>Pracovn\u00ed povaha freelancer\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Freelancer je osoba, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1na u konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed firmy nebo organizace a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u00e9 dovednosti k z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. Jeliko\u017e freelancer provozuje svou \u010dinnost jako jednotlivec a nen\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n, m\u016f\u017ee se zd\u00e1t, \u017ee nespad\u00e1 do kategorie &#8220;pracovn\u00edk\u016f&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161ak podle sm\u011brnice pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m mohou freelanci pracovat bez obav (d\u00e1le jen &#8220;sm\u011brnice&#8221;), kterou vytvo\u0159ily Kancel\u00e1\u0159 japonsk\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra, Japonsk\u00e1 komise pro spravedliv\u00fd obchod, Agentura pro mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky a Ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed, mohou b\u00fdt freelanci, i kdy\u017e nejsou v pracovn\u00edm vztahu, pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za pracovn\u00edky a mohou b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle sm\u011brnice, pokud existuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed skute\u010dnost, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1na pracovn\u00ed povaha podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch standardech a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1n za pracovn\u00edka. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, toto je posuzov\u00e1no komplexn\u011b, tak\u017ee i kdy\u017e spl\u0148ujete n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed podm\u00ednky, neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee budete automaticky pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za pracovn\u00edka podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch standardech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>V\u0161echny pokyny t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pln\u011bn\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f jsou d\u00e1ny a \u0159\u00edzeny zadavatelem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Odplata je na hodinov\u00e9 b\u00e1zi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zadavatel m\u016f\u017ee po\u017eadovat \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 nejsou uvedeny v smlouv\u011b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 odm\u00edtnout pr\u00e1ci od zadavatele bez zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho d\u016fvodu atd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho, pokud spl\u0148ujete n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1na pracovn\u00ed povaha podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odborov\u00fdch svazech. Stejn\u011b jako pracovn\u00edci podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch standardech, i kdy\u017e spl\u0148ujete n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed polo\u017eky, neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee budete automaticky pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za pracovn\u00edka podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odborov\u00fdch svazech. To je posuzov\u00e1no na z\u00e1klad\u011b celkov\u00e9ho pohledu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Prvky zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed pracovn\u00ed povahu (z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozhodovac\u00ed prvky)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed do podnikov\u00e9 organizace (existuje hodnot\u00edc\u00ed \/ \u0161kol\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m atd.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jednostrann\u00e9 a standardizovan\u00e9 rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o obsahu smlouvy (nen\u00ed prostor pro vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed o obsahu smlouvy atd.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Odplata za pr\u00e1ci (odplata je na hodinov\u00e9 b\u00e1zi atd.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pracovn\u00ed povaha je posuzov\u00e1na na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch rozhodovac\u00edch prvk\u016f, dopln\u011bn\u00fdch dopl\u0148kov\u00fdmi rozhodovac\u00edmi prvky (prvky, kter\u00e9 posiluj\u00ed a dopl\u0148uj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozhodovac\u00ed prvky), a tak\u00e9 se zji\u0161\u0165uje, zda neexistuj\u00ed negativn\u00ed rozhodovac\u00ed prvky (prvky, kter\u00e9 oslabuj\u00ed pracovn\u00ed povahu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zachazeni_s_pracovniky_na_castecny_uvazek\"><\/span>Zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s pracovn\u00edky na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd \u00favazek<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Shutterstock_1684184779.jpg\" alt=\"Zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s pracovn\u00edky na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd \u00favazek\" class=\"wp-image-61123\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Pracovn\u00edci na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd \u00favazek jsou podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pr\u00e1ci na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd \u00favazek (Z\u00e1kon o zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f s kr\u00e1tkou pracovn\u00ed dobou) definov\u00e1ni jako &#8220;pracovn\u00edci, jejich\u017e t\u00fddenn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed doba je krat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e t\u00fddenn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed doba b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f zam\u011bstnan\u00fdch ve stejn\u00e9m podniku&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e jde o pr\u00e1ci na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd \u00favazek, nebo jste-li agenturn\u00edm nebo smluvn\u00edm pracovn\u00edkem, st\u00e1le se jedn\u00e1 o &#8220;pracovn\u00edka&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pracovni_povaha_osob_zapojenych_do_rizeni_spolecnosti_reditelu_atd\"><\/span>Pracovn\u00ed povaha osob zapojen\u00fdch do \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti (\u0159editel\u016f atd.)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u0159editel\u00e9 a podobn\u00e9 pozice jsou ve vztahu k spole\u010dnosti na z\u00e1klad\u011b mand\u00e1tu, prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed provozn\u00ed \u010dinnosti spole\u010dnosti nebo rozhoduj\u00ed o prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto \u010dinnost\u00ed. Proto se obecn\u011b nepova\u017euj\u00ed za pracovn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou pod dohledem a \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak i u \u0159editel\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomnosti nebo absence provozn\u00edch pravomoc\u00ed, jejich obsahu a povahy odm\u011bny uzn\u00e1na pracovn\u00ed povaha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To plat\u00ed i pro osoby zapojen\u00e9 do \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti mimo pozici \u0159editele (nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 \u0159editele), kde m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt na z\u00e1klad\u011b celkov\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed povahy pr\u00e1ce a odm\u011bny uzn\u00e1na pracovn\u00ed povaha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti_Poradenstvi_ohledne_statusu_zamestnance_by_melo_byt_smerovano_k_pravnikovi\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed: Poradenstv\u00ed ohledn\u011b statusu zam\u011bstnance by m\u011blo b\u00fdt sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1no k pr\u00e1vn\u00edkovi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e nebyla uzav\u0159ena pracovn\u00ed smlouva, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt na z\u00e1klad\u011b zp\u016fsobu zad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, syst\u00e9mu odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed atd. uzn\u00e1n status zam\u011bstnance podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch a Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o odborov\u00fdch svazech, a m\u016f\u017ee existovat mo\u017enost, \u017ee budete pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za zam\u011bstnance. Pokud jste pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za zam\u011bstnance, budete chr\u00e1n\u011bni z\u00e1konem, tak\u017ee pracovn\u00edci odpov\u011bdn\u00ed za pracovn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti ve firm\u011b by m\u011bli dob\u0159e zn\u00e1t krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed statusu zam\u011bstnance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, i kdy\u017e existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed statusu zam\u011bstnance, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt rozhodnut\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u00e9, proto\u017ee je t\u0159eba posoudit v\u0161echny prvky komplexn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b p\u0159i d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00edch, jako je akvizice nebo f\u00faze spole\u010dnost\u00ed (M&amp;A), nebo p\u0159ed investic\u00ed, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zjistit, zda existuje status zam\u011bstnance v r\u00e1mci pracovn\u00edho due diligence, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u00ed podrobn\u00fd pr\u016fzkum a anal\u00fdzu pracovn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed dan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti (stav zam\u011bstnanosti, podm\u00ednky pro zam\u011bstnance, dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f atd.). Proto\u017ee rozhodnut\u00ed o statusu zam\u011bstnance m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch okolnostech obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, doporu\u010dujeme konzultovat s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 s vysokou odbornost\u00ed v oblasti IT, zejm\u00e9na internetu a pr\u00e1va. V posledn\u00edch letech se v d\u016fsledku diverzifikace pracovn\u00edch metod zam\u011b\u0159uje na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pracovn\u00edch vztah\u016f. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 poskytuje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro opat\u0159en\u00ed proti &#8220;digit\u00e1ln\u00edm tetov\u00e1n\u00edm&#8221;. Podrobnosti jsou uvedeny v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obory pr\u00e1ce pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e Monolith: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/practices\/corporate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti IT a startupov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vzhledem k n\u00e1r\u016fstu cloudov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00edch pr\u00e1ci na internetu se zp\u016fsoby pr\u00e1ce st\u00e1vaj\u00ed r\u016fznorod\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. Zda lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed pracuj\u00ed t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem, jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za pracovn\u00edky, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":64259,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[25,24],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61167"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61167"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61167\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64676,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61167\/revisions\/64676"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64259"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}