{"id":61170,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:56","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61170"},"modified":"2024-03-30T17:30:06","modified_gmt":"2024-03-30T08:30:06","slug":"nft-smartcontract","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract","title":{"rendered":"Co je nezbytn\u00e9 pro obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s NFT, tzv. chytr\u00e9 kontrakty? Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed 4 charakteristik a nev\u00fdhod"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V posledn\u00edch letech se NFT (nezastupiteln\u00e9 tokeny) st\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u00e1le popul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed obchodov\u00e1n\u00edm s NFT, roste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mnoho lid\u00ed u\u017e sly\u0161elo o term\u00ednu NFT, ale nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b rozum\u011bt mechanismu tzv. chytr\u00fdch kontrakt\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou pro NFT nezbytn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku proto vysv\u011btl\u00edme mechanismus chytr\u00fdch kontrakt\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s NFT pro podnikatele a investory, kte\u0159\u00ed zva\u017euj\u00ed obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s NFT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#Co_je_NFT\" title=\"Co je NFT\">Co je NFT<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#Co_je_jedinecnost\" title=\"Co je jedine\u010dnost\">Co je jedine\u010dnost<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#Co_je_obchodovatelnost\" title=\"Co je obchodovatelnost\">Co je obchodovatelnost<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#Co_je_interoperabilita\" title=\"Co je interoperabilita\">Co je interoperabilita<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#Pridavani_dalsich_funkci\" title=\"P\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch funkc\u00ed\">P\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch funkc\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#Co_je_to_Smart_Contract\" title=\"Co je to Smart Contract\">Co je to Smart Contract<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#Vyhody_Smart_Contract\" title=\"V\u00fdhody Smart Contract\">V\u00fdhody Smart Contract<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#O_ukladani_historie_transakci\" title=\"O ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed historie transakc\u00ed\">O ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed historie transakc\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#O_zkraceni_casu_potrebneho_pro_transakci\" title=\"O zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dasu pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho pro transakci\">O zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dasu pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho pro transakci<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#O_snizeni_nakladu_na_transakci\" title=\"O sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na transakci\">O sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na transakci<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#Nevyhody_Smart_Contract\" title=\"Nev\u00fdhody Smart Contract\">Nev\u00fdhody Smart Contract<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#O_obtiznosti_flexibilniho_pristupu\" title=\"O obt\u00ed\u017enosti flexibiln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu\">O obt\u00ed\u017enosti flexibiln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#O_nejistote_bezpecnosti_programu\" title=\"O nejistot\u011b bezpe\u010dnosti programu\">O nejistot\u011b bezpe\u010dnosti programu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#O_problemech_s_ochranou_soukromi\" title=\"O probl\u00e9mech s ochranou soukrom\u00ed\">O probl\u00e9mech s ochranou soukrom\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#O_problemech_s_pravni_upravou\" title=\"O probl\u00e9mech s pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravou\">O probl\u00e9mech s pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravou<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#Rozdily_mezi_smart_kontrakty_a_tradicnimi_smlouvami_a_pravni_upozorneni\" title=\"Rozd\u00edly mezi smart kontrakty a tradi\u010dn\u00edmi smlouvami a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed upozorn\u011bn\u00ed\">Rozd\u00edly mezi smart kontrakty a tradi\u010dn\u00edmi smlouvami a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed upozorn\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#Pravni_problemy_v_Japonsku\" title=\"Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my v Japonsku\">Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my v Japonsku<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#Shrnuti_Pri_obchodovani_s_NFT_se_poradte_s_pravnikem\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed: P\u0159i obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s NFT se pora\u010fte s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem\">Shrnut\u00ed: P\u0159i obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s NFT se pora\u010fte s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/nft-smartcontract\/#Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_NFT\"><\/span>Co je NFT<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Shutterstock_2104491302.jpg\" alt=\"Co je NFT\" class=\"wp-image-49753\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>NFT je zkratka pro Non-Fungible Token, co\u017e v p\u0159ekladu znamen\u00e1 nezam\u011bniteln\u00fd token.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Slovo token m\u00e1 mnoho v\u00fdznam\u016f a jeho p\u0159eklad do \u010de\u0161tiny je pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fd. M\u016f\u017ee znamenat n\u00e1hradn\u00ed m\u011bnu, v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00fd l\u00edstek, d\u00e1rkov\u00fd poukaz, suven\u00fdr, d\u016fkaz atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, NFT je nezam\u011bniteln\u00e1 n\u00e1hradn\u00ed m\u011bna, v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00fd l\u00edstek, d\u00e1rkov\u00fd poukaz, suven\u00fdr, d\u016fkaz atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obecn\u011b lze u NFT uv\u00e9st n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i charakteristiky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Jedine\u010dnost<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obchodovatelnost<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interoperabilita<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch funkc\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/nft-regulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jak\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed regulace se vztahuj\u00ed na NFT? Vysv\u011btluje pr\u00e1vn\u00edk[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_jedinecnost\"><\/span>Co je jedine\u010dnost<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jeliko\u017e je NFT nezam\u011bniteln\u00fd token, m\u00e1 jedine\u010dnou hodnotu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato jedine\u010dnost je jednou z charakteristik NFT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_obchodovatelnost\"><\/span>Co je obchodovatelnost<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e m\u00e1 NFT jedine\u010dnou hodnotu, pokud nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 ho obchodovat, je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 tuto hodnotu pln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto je obchodovatelnost tak\u00e9 jednou z charakteristik NFT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_interoperabilita\"><\/span>Co je interoperabilita<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Interoperabilita je tak\u00e9 jednou z charakteristik NFT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kryptom\u011bn se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 standard ERC-20, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje interoperabilitu mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi kryptom\u011bnami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>U NFT se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 standard ERC-721, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje interoperabilitu mezi NFT se stejn\u00fdm standardem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pridavani_dalsich_funkci\"><\/span>P\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch funkc\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Do NFT je mo\u017en\u00e9 naprogramovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 funkce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato schopnost p\u0159id\u00e1vat dal\u0161\u00ed funkce je tak\u00e9 jednou z charakteristik NFT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_to_Smart_Contract\"><\/span>Co je to Smart Contract<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Term\u00edn Smart Contract je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v mnoha v\u00fdznamech a neexistuje pro n\u011bj \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pevn\u011b stanoven\u00e1 definice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V \u0161irok\u00e9m smyslu se Smart Contract pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k ozna\u010den\u00ed mechanismu, kter\u00fd automaticky prov\u00e1d\u00ed ur\u010den\u00e9 operace v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee jsou spln\u011bny ur\u010dit\u00e9 podm\u00ednky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se smlouvy nebo transakce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mechanismus Smart Contract se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s NFT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NFT se obecn\u011b obchoduj\u00ed na tr\u017ei\u0161t\u00edch, ale p\u0159i obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s NFT se v d\u016fsledku funkce Smart Contract automaticky m\u011bn\u00ed vlastn\u00edk NFT na blockchainu sou\u010dasn\u011b s p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00edm NFT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyhody_Smart_Contract\"><\/span>V\u00fdhody Smart Contract<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jako v\u00fdhody Smart Contract lze uv\u00e9st n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159i body:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed historie transakc\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dasu pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho pro transakci<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na transakci<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_ukladani_historie_transakci\"><\/span>O ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed historie transakc\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00edm mechanismu Smart Contract se historie transakc\u00ed automaticky zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 jako data na blockchainu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00edky zaznamen\u00e1n\u00ed historie transakc\u00ed jako dat je mo\u017en\u00e9 pozd\u011bji zkontrolovat historii transakc\u00ed a zabr\u00e1nit tak neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9mu zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00ed obsahu transakce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_zkraceni_casu_potrebneho_pro_transakci\"><\/span>O zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dasu pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho pro transakci<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00edm mechanismu Smart Contract se transakce automaticky prov\u00e1d\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje zkr\u00e1tit \u010das pot\u0159ebn\u00fd pro transakci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy se do transakce zapojuje t\u0159et\u00ed strana, nen\u00ed t\u0159eba zapojen\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed strany a transakce se automaticky uzav\u00edr\u00e1, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje zkr\u00e1tit \u010das pot\u0159ebn\u00fd pro transakci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_snizeni_nakladu_na_transakci\"><\/span>O sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na transakci<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00edm mechanismu Smart Contract se eliminuje pot\u0159eba zapojen\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed strany, co\u017e eliminuje pot\u0159ebu platit poplatky t\u0159et\u00ed stran\u011b, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na transakci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nevyhody_Smart_Contract\"><\/span>Nev\u00fdhody Smart Contract<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jako nev\u00fdhody Smart Contract lze uv\u00e9st n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159i body:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Obt\u00ed\u017enost flexibiln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nejistota bezpe\u010dnosti programu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Probl\u00e9my s ochranou soukrom\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Probl\u00e9my s pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravou<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_obtiznosti_flexibilniho_pristupu\"><\/span>O obt\u00ed\u017enosti flexibiln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Smart Contract se transakce prov\u00e1d\u00ed podle p\u0159edem vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho programu, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zt\u00ed\u017eit flexibiln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup. To je jednou z nev\u00fdhod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_nejistote_bezpecnosti_programu\"><\/span>O nejistot\u011b bezpe\u010dnosti programu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud existuj\u00ed probl\u00e9my nebo zranitelnosti v programu Smart Contract, mohou tyto probl\u00e9my nebo zranitelnosti v\u00e9st k neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdm \u010dinnostem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto je nejistota bezpe\u010dnosti vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho programu jednou z nev\u00fdhod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_problemech_s_ochranou_soukromi\"><\/span>O probl\u00e9mech s ochranou soukrom\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, jednou z v\u00fdhod Smart Contract je automatick\u00e9 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed historie transakc\u00ed na blockchainu, ale na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, skute\u010dnost, \u017ee je ukl\u00e1d\u00e1na cel\u00e1 historie transakc\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee usnadnit identifikaci jednotlivc\u016f z t\u00e9to historie transakc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V d\u016fsledku toho m\u016f\u017ee vztah mezi ochranou soukrom\u00ed jednotlivc\u016f a t\u00edmto probl\u00e9mem p\u0159edstavovat jednu z nev\u00fdhod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_problemech_s_pravni_upravou\"><\/span>O probl\u00e9mech s pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravou<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Smart Contract je mechanismus, kter\u00fd se v posledn\u00edch letech rychle rozv\u00edj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto, jak se jeho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rozv\u00edj\u00ed, mohou vzniknout r\u016fzn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak v na\u0161\u00ed zemi je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se Smart Contract st\u00e1le nedostate\u010dn\u00e1. V budoucnu mohou vzniknout pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my v d\u016fsledku nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozdily_mezi_smart_kontrakty_a_tradicnimi_smlouvami_a_pravni_upozorneni\"><\/span>Rozd\u00edly mezi smart kontrakty a tradi\u010dn\u00edmi smlouvami a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed upozorn\u011bn\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Smart kontrakty, jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, jsou syst\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd automatizuje transakce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 smlouvy je mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st opravy atd., pokud se pozd\u011bji zjist\u00ed, \u017ee v obsahu smlouvy je chyba. U smart kontrakt\u016f je v\u0161ak t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 prov\u00e9st pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed opravy atd., proto\u017ee historie transakc\u00ed je automaticky ukl\u00e1d\u00e1na.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud pou\u017eijete smart kontrakt pro obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s NFT, funkce smart kontraktu automaticky p\u0159ep\u00ed\u0161e vlastn\u00edka NFT na blockchainu sou\u010dasn\u011b s p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00edm NFT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de smart kontrakt\u016f, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy nejsou dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipraveny, tak\u017ee i kdy\u017e je v obsahu smlouvy n\u011bco nevhodn\u00e9ho, je nejasn\u00e9, jak bude pr\u00e1vn\u011b \u0159e\u0161ena situace, kdy obchod s NFT ji\u017e byl dokon\u010den pomoc\u00ed smart kontraktu, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00edmi smlouvami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravni_problemy_v_Japonsku\"><\/span>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my v Japonsku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/shutterstock_1789666325-1.png\" alt=\"Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my v Japonsku\" class=\"wp-image-49761\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jako pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my v Japonsku lze nejprve uv\u00e9st vztah s ob\u010dansk\u00fdm z\u00e1kon\u00edkem (japonsk\u00fd Ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 95 ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku, pokud do\u0161lo k omylu v projevu v\u016fle, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tento omyl zru\u0161en, pokud je vzhledem k \u00fa\u010delu pr\u00e1vn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a obecn\u00fdm obchodn\u00edm zvyklostem d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b probl\u00e9m\u016f s omyly p\u0159i obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s NFT m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 jednodu\u0161e zru\u0161it transakci pomoc\u00ed mechanismu chytr\u00fdch kontrakt\u016f a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e9 p\u0159idat pozn\u00e1mku, \u017ee transakce byla zru\u0161ena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le lze uv\u00e9st vztah s z\u00e1konem o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f (japonsk\u00fd Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad podle odstavce 1 \u010dl\u00e1nku 34 z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, pokud obsah osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed identifikaci jednotlivce, nen\u00ed pravdiv\u00fd, m\u016f\u017ee jednotlivec po\u017e\u00e1dat spr\u00e1vce osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f o smaz\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je pou\u017eit mechanismus chytr\u00fdch kontrakt\u016f, m\u016f\u017ee nastat probl\u00e9m, \u017ee nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 smazat obsah osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nav\u00edc, v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy jsou osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje na blockchainu probl\u00e9mem, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 identifikovat spr\u00e1vce osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f a i p\u0159es skute\u010dnost, \u017ee do\u0161lo k poskytnut\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m (odstavec 1 \u010dl\u00e1nku 37 z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f), m\u016f\u017ee nastat probl\u00e9m, \u017ee regulace z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f se neuplat\u0148uje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chytr\u00e9 kontrakty maj\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, a proto byla 20. \u0159\u00edjna 2020 (rok 2020 podle gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e) zalo\u017eena <a href=\"https:\/\/smartcontract.bz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Asociace pro podporu chytr\u00fdch kontrakt\u016f[ja]<\/a>, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 reviz\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm standard\u016f pro chytr\u00e9 kontrakty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Referen\u010dn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/cryptoassets-regulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Co je regulace kryptom\u011bn? Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed vztahu se z\u00e1konem o platebn\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch a z\u00e1konem o obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s finan\u010dn\u00edmi produkty[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti_Pri_obchodovani_s_NFT_se_poradte_s_pravnikem\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed: P\u0159i obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s NFT se pora\u010fte s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e jsme vysv\u011btlili mechanismus chytr\u00fdch kontrakt\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se NFT pro podnikatele a investory, kte\u0159\u00ed zva\u017euj\u00ed obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s NFT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>U chytr\u00fdch kontrakt\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s NFT mohou vzniknout pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed od tradi\u010dn\u00edch obchod\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Doporu\u010dujeme proto podnikatel\u016fm a investor\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed zva\u017euj\u00ed obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s NFT, aby se poradili s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem s odborn\u00fdmi znalostmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolis je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed s vysokou odbornost\u00ed v oblasti IT, zejm\u00e9na internetu a pr\u00e1va. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 poskytuje komplexn\u00ed podporu pro podnik\u00e1n\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s kryptom\u011bnami a blockchainem. Podrobnosti naleznete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/blockchain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/blockchain[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V posledn\u00edch letech se NFT (nezastupiteln\u00e9 tokeny) st\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u00e1le popul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed obchodov\u00e1n\u00edm s NFT, roste. Mnoho lid\u00ed u\u017e sly\u0161elo o term\u00ednu NFT, ale nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b rozum\u011bt [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":64127,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[20,19],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61170"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61170"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64128,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61170\/revisions\/64128"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}