{"id":61184,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:56","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61184"},"modified":"2024-03-29T11:53:47","modified_gmt":"2024-03-29T02:53:47","slug":"unfair-competition-prevention-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/unfair-competition-prevention-law","title":{"rendered":"Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee: Po\u017eadavky a precedenty pro n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody za \u010diny po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Akty, kter\u00e9 po\u0161kozuj\u00ed obchodn\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru, mohou v trestn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u011b spadat pod trestn\u00e9 \u010diny po\u0161kozen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry a naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti (japonsk\u00fd trestn\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u00edk, \u010dl\u00e1nek 233).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud dojde k \u010dinu po\u0161kozen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry, je tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 podat \u017e\u00e1dost o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody za &#8220;protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; stanoven\u00e9 v ob\u010dansk\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u00edku (japonsk\u00fd ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk, \u010dl\u00e1nek 709).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, odd\u011blen\u011b od odpov\u011bdnosti za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed podle ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku, podle z\u00e1kona o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee (japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee) m\u016f\u017eete proti nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ei, kter\u00e1 \u0161kod\u00ed obchodn\u00ed d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e t\u00edm, \u017ee oznamuje nebo \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed nepravdiv\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti, po\u017eadovat nejen n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, ale tak\u00e9 zastaven\u00ed nebo prevenci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde vysv\u011btl\u00edme po\u017eadavky na \u017e\u00e1dost o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody na z\u00e1klad\u011b ustanoven\u00ed z\u00e1kona o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee a jak\u00e9 v\u00fdhody existuj\u00ed v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/trust-damage-crime-establishment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/trust-damage-crime-establishment[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/unfair-competition-prevention-law\/#Poskozeni_cti_a_duveryhodnosti\" title=\"Po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti a d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti\">Po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti a d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/unfair-competition-prevention-law\/#Zakon_o_prevenci_nespravedlive_souteze_a_nespravedlive_soutezni_jednani\" title=\"Z\u00e1kon o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee a nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed\">Z\u00e1kon o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee a nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/unfair-competition-prevention-law\/#Pozadavek_1_na_nekalou_soutez_Soutezni_vztah\" title=\"Po\u017eadavek 1 na nekalou sout\u011b\u017e: Sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed vztah\">Po\u017eadavek 1 na nekalou sout\u011b\u017e: Sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed vztah<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/unfair-competition-prevention-law\/#Pozadavky_na_nespravedlivou_soutez_2_Ostatni\" title=\"Po\u017eadavky na nespravedlivou sout\u011b\u017e 2: Ostatn\u00ed\">Po\u017eadavky na nespravedlivou sout\u011b\u017e 2: Ostatn\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/unfair-competition-prevention-law\/#Pozadavky_na_nespravedlivou_soutez_3_Nepravdive_skutecnosti\" title=\"Po\u017eadavky na nespravedlivou sout\u011b\u017e 3: Nepravdiv\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti\">Po\u017eadavky na nespravedlivou sout\u011b\u017e 3: Nepravdiv\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/unfair-competition-prevention-law\/#Pozadavky_na_nespravedlivou_soutez_4_Oznameni_a_sireni\" title=\"Po\u017eadavky na nespravedlivou sout\u011b\u017e 4: Ozn\u00e1men\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed\">Po\u017eadavky na nespravedlivou sout\u011b\u017e 4: Ozn\u00e1men\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/unfair-competition-prevention-law\/#Pripady_soudnich_sporu_tykajicich_se_nespravedlive_souteze\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpady soudn\u00edch spor\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee\">P\u0159\u00edpady soudn\u00edch spor\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/unfair-competition-prevention-law\/#Soudni_rizeni_ohledne_nekale_souteze\" title=\"Soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ohledn\u011b nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee\">Soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ohledn\u011b nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/unfair-competition-prevention-law\/#Poruseni_nekale_souteze\" title=\"Poru\u0161en\u00ed nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee\">Poru\u0161en\u00ed nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/unfair-competition-prevention-law\/#Existence_a_vyse_skody\" title=\"Existence a v\u00fd\u0161e \u0161kody\">Existence a v\u00fd\u0161e \u0161kody<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/unfair-competition-prevention-law\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Poskozeni_cti_a_duveryhodnosti\"><\/span>Po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti a d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 230 odstavec 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona (Japanese Penal Code) je trestn\u00fd \u010din po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti uzn\u00e1n za platn\u00fd pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed &#8220;ve\u0159ejn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed skute\u010dnosti a po\u0161kozuj\u00ed cti n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho&#8221;. Toto &#8220;n\u011bkdo&#8221; je ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed organizace, jako jsou pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 osoby, a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti, kter\u00e9 pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 osoba utrp\u011bla, se stalo preceden\u010dn\u00edm rozhodnut\u00edm, \u017ee lze po\u017eadovat n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody jako &#8220;nehmotnou \u0161kodu&#8221; (rozhodnut\u00ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu ze dne 28. ledna 1964 (1964)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde, v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m soudn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti, uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 \u0161koda je omezena na od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u017ealobce utrp\u011bl v d\u016fsledku \u010dinu po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti, a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nikdy nen\u00ed uzn\u00e1na majetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda, jako je ztr\u00e1ta zisku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak \u0161koda zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 po\u0161kozen\u00edm d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti, kter\u00e9 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti a sni\u017euje soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9ho aspektu podnik\u016f atd., m\u016f\u017ee sahat od nehmotn\u00e9 \u0161kody atd. a\u017e po majetkovou \u0161kodu, jako je zastaven\u00ed obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo pokles tr\u017eeb zp\u016fsoben\u00fd ztr\u00e1tou d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se tedy odvol\u00e1te na z\u00e1kon o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee (Japanese Unfair Competition Prevention Act) a pod\u00e1te \u017ealobu na po\u0161kozen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt &#8220;p\u0159edpisy o odhadu \u0161kody&#8221; (\u010dl\u00e1nek 4 tohoto z\u00e1kona).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e dojde k \u010dinu po\u0161kozen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti, je velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 vypo\u010d\u00edtat a prok\u00e1zat \u0161kodu, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00fd vztah k dan\u00e9mu \u010dinu, na z\u00e1klad\u011b ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku (Japanese Civil Code).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak pokud se odvol\u00e1te na z\u00e1kon o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee, m\u016f\u017eete vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159edpisy, jako je odhad \u0161kody na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010d\u00e1stky zisku, kterou pachatel z\u00edskal d\u00edky dan\u00e9mu \u010dinu, co\u017e sni\u017euje obt\u00ed\u017enost prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kody pro dr\u017eitele pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nav\u00edc, pokud se odvol\u00e1te na ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk, i kdy\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1na \u017e\u00e1dost o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, neznamen\u00e1 to nutn\u011b, \u017ee bude uzn\u00e1na \u017e\u00e1dost o zastaven\u00ed. Av\u0161ak pokud se odvol\u00e1te na z\u00e1kon o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e9 uznat \u017e\u00e1dost o zastaven\u00ed nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed \u010dinnosti (\u010dl\u00e1nek 3 tohoto z\u00e1kona) a \u017e\u00e1dost o opat\u0159en\u00ed pro obnovu d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti (\u010dl\u00e1nek 14 tohoto z\u00e1kona).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/honor-infringement-and-intangible-damage-to-company\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/honor-infringement-and-intangible-damage-to-company[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zakon_o_prevenci_nespravedlive_souteze_a_nespravedlive_soutezni_jednani\"><\/span>Z\u00e1kon o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee a nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/unfair-competition-prevention-law1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-31559\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee definuje nespravedlivou sout\u011b\u017e n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek 2: V tomto z\u00e1kon\u011b se pod &#8220;nespravedlivou sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed&#8221; rozum\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>14: Jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v ozn\u00e1men\u00ed nebo \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nepravdiv\u00fdch skute\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 po\u0161kozuj\u00ed obchodn\u00ed pov\u011bst osoby v sout\u011b\u017en\u00edm vztahu.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u00edvejme se podrobn\u011bji na tyto po\u017eadavky na nespravedlivou sout\u011b\u017e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pozadavek_1_na_nekalou_soutez_Soutezni_vztah\"><\/span>Po\u017eadavek 1 na nekalou sout\u011b\u017e: Sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed vztah<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Prvn\u00edm po\u017eadavkem na nekalou sout\u011b\u017e je existence sout\u011b\u017en\u00edho vztahu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010ciny po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed pov\u011bst, jako je pomluva mezi nesout\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edmi stranami, nejsou probl\u00e9mem Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o prevenci nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee, ale jsou \u0159e\u0161eny jako obecn\u00e9 protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed vztah je zde definov\u00e1n jako &#8220;mo\u017enost, \u017ee ob\u011b strany budou m\u00edt spole\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1kazn\u00edky nebo obchodn\u00ed partnery ve sv\u00e9m podnik\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; (Japonsk\u00e9 ministerstvo hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, obchodu a pr\u016fmyslu: Podrobn\u00fd v\u00fdklad z\u00e1kona o prevenci nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nav\u00edc, z dosavadn\u00edch soudn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed, z hlediska udr\u017een\u00ed spravedliv\u00e9ho sout\u011b\u017en\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du, pokud existuje obchodn\u00ed vztah, kde jsou obchodov\u00e1ny podobn\u00e9 produkty, je to pova\u017eov\u00e1no za sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed vztah, a dokonce i kdy\u017e skute\u010dn\u00fd sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed vztah neexistuje, pokud existuje mo\u017enost sout\u011b\u017ee na trhu nebo potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed sout\u011b\u017en\u00ed vztah, je to pova\u017eov\u00e1no za dostate\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pozadavky_na_nespravedlivou_soutez_2_Ostatni\"><\/span>Po\u017eadavky na nespravedlivou sout\u011b\u017e 2: Ostatn\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Druh\u00fdm po\u017eadavkem na nespravedlivou sout\u011b\u017e je, \u017ee mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ur\u010dena &#8216;osoba&#8217;, kter\u00e1 je po\u0161kozena d\u016fv\u011brou v d\u016fsledku dan\u00e9ho ozn\u00e1men\u00ed nebo podobn\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, i kdy\u017e jm\u00e9no &#8216;osoby&#8217; nen\u00ed explicitn\u011b uvedeno, pokud lze z obsahu ozn\u00e1men\u00ed nebo obecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch informac\u00ed v dan\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed pochopit, kdo je t\u00edmto &#8216;ostatn\u00edm&#8217; v obchodn\u00edm vztahu, je to pova\u017eov\u00e1no za dostate\u010dn\u00e9 (Japonsk\u00fd ministerstvo hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, obchodu a pr\u016fmyslu: Podrobn\u00fd v\u00fdklad z\u00e1kona o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e mluv\u00edme o konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed &#8216;osob\u011b&#8217;, nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 ji jmenovat. Pokud lze ur\u010dit, koho m\u00e1 strana na mysli, spl\u0148uje se po\u017eadavek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato &#8216;osoba&#8217; zahrnuje spole\u010dnosti a dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 osoby, stejn\u011b jako samostatn\u00e9 podnikatele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nav\u00edc, skupiny bez pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 osobnosti, jako jsou akademick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti (spole\u010dnosti bez pr\u00e1vn\u00ed zp\u016fsobilosti), jsou tak\u00e9 pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za &#8216;osoby&#8217;, ale proto\u017ee mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ur\u010dit\u00e1 &#8216;osoba&#8217;, obecn\u011b se nepova\u017euj\u00ed za &#8216;osoby&#8217;, pokud je po\u0161kozena d\u016fv\u011bra cel\u00e9ho odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pozadavky_na_nespravedlivou_soutez_3_Nepravdive_skutecnosti\"><\/span>Po\u017eadavky na nespravedlivou sout\u011b\u017e 3: Nepravdiv\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u0159et\u00edm po\u017eadavkem na nespravedlivou sout\u011b\u017e, &#8220;nepravdiv\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti&#8221;, se rozum\u00ed skute\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 jsou v rozporu s objektivn\u00ed pravdou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Bez ohledu na to, zda je to n\u011bco, co si s\u00e1m pachatel vymyslel, nebo n\u011bco, co vymyslel n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd, i kdy\u017e je vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed zm\u00edrn\u011bno, pokud je podstatn\u00fd obsah vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed v rozporu se skute\u010dnost\u00ed, je to zahrnuto&#8221; (Japonsk\u00e9 ministerstvo hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, obchodu a pr\u016fmyslu: Podrobn\u00fd v\u00fdklad z\u00e1kona o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le, &#8220;bez ohledu na to, zda je to n\u011bco, co si s\u00e1m pachatel vymyslel, nebo n\u011bco, co vymyslel n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd&#8221;, pokud pachatel v\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee obsah ozn\u00e1men\u00ed nebo \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed je nepravdiv\u00fd, je to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nespravedliv\u00e1 sout\u011b\u017e, a to i kdyby byl pod dojmem, \u017ee je pravdiv\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A pokud jde o kritiku v\u00fdkonu nebo kvality ur\u010dit\u00e9ho produktu, pokud to nen\u00ed v rozporu s objektivn\u00ed pravdou, nejedn\u00e1 se o nepravdiv\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti. Av\u0161ak pokud jde o ozn\u00e1men\u00ed nebo \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed skute\u010dnost\u00ed, i kdy\u017e skute\u010dnost nen\u00ed ur\u010dena, i kdy\u017e je to &#8220;zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed&#8221;, jako je &#8220;mo\u017en\u00e1&#8221; nebo &#8220;existuje mo\u017enost&#8221;, pokud je &#8220;podstatn\u00fd obsah vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed v rozporu se skute\u010dnost\u00ed&#8221;, m\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nepravdivou skute\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pozadavky_na_nespravedlivou_soutez_4_Oznameni_a_sireni\"><\/span>Po\u017eadavky na nespravedlivou sout\u011b\u017e 4: Ozn\u00e1men\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/unfair-competition-prevention-law2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-31560\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010ctvrt\u00fdm po\u017eadavkem na nespravedlivou sout\u011b\u017e, &#8220;ozn\u00e1men\u00ed&#8221;, se rozum\u00ed \u010din p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nepravdiv\u00fdch skute\u010dnost\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed osob\u011b individu\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad, toto zahrnuje \u010diny jako informov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li do obchodu, o nedostatc\u00edch v\u00fdrobk\u016f konkuren\u010dn\u00edch podnik\u016f, nebo ozn\u00e1men\u00ed obchodn\u00edm partner\u016fm konkuren\u010dn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;\u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed&#8221; znamen\u00e1 \u010din p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nepravdiv\u00fdch skute\u010dnost\u00ed nespecifick\u00e9 osob\u011b nebo velk\u00e9mu po\u010dtu lid\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, toto zahrnuje \u010diny jako publikov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f na internetu, nebo um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed reklamy na novinov\u00fd pap\u00edr, kter\u00e1 pomlouv\u00e1 v\u00fdrobky konkuren\u010dn\u00edch podnik\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripady_soudnich_sporu_tykajicich_se_nespravedlive_souteze\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpady soudn\u00edch spor\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u00edvejme se na p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy byla po\u017eadov\u00e1na n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010dl\u00e1nku 2 odstavec 1 bod 14 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee (Unfair Competition Prevention Act), a jak byly tyto po\u017eadavky posuzov\u00e1ny v re\u00e1ln\u00fdch soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soudni_rizeni_ohledne_nekale_souteze\"><\/span>Soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ohledn\u011b nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee vlastn\u00ed patent na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 bracket, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ipev\u0148uje na zuby p\u0159i ortodontick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010db\u011b, upozornila e-mailem spole\u010dnost A, obchodn\u00edho partnera \u017ealobce, \u017ee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Poru\u0161uj\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 patent,&#8221; v\u00fdrobky \u017ealobce, kter\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u00ed americk\u00e1 pobo\u010dka \u017ealobce a kter\u00e9 spole\u010dnost A dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a prod\u00e1v\u00e1. V d\u016fsledku toho se spole\u010dnost A musela zastavit dovoz a prodej v\u00fdrobk\u016f \u017ealobce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/unfair-competition-prevention-law3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-31561\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle ob\u017ealovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti spole\u010dn\u011b vynalezli v\u00fdrobek B a C, v\u00fdkonn\u00ed \u0159editel\u00e9 ob\u017ealovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, a podali patent s ob\u011bma jako spole\u010dn\u00fdmi vyn\u00e1lezci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak ob\u017ealovan\u00e1 spole\u010dnost neobdr\u017eela p\u0159evod pr\u00e1va na patent od B a tato patentov\u00e1 p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ka byla pod\u00e1na osobou, kter\u00e1 nem\u011bla pr\u00e1vo na patent (osoba, kter\u00e1 nem\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na patent, pod\u00e1v\u00e1 patentovou p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ku).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159\u00edlet\u00e9m p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed prodeje se \u017ealobce, kter\u00fd se o tom dozv\u011bd\u011bl, rozhodl obnovit prodej a tvrdil, \u017ee ob\u017ealovan\u00e1 spole\u010dnost byla neplatn\u00e1, a proto upozorn\u011bn\u00ed ob\u017ealovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti na spole\u010dnost A bylo ozn\u00e1men\u00ed nepravdiv\u00fdch skute\u010dnost\u00ed a bylo v rozporu s \u010dl\u00e1nkem 2 odstavec 1 bod 14 z\u00e1kona o prevenci nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee (Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o prevenci nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee) a po\u017eadoval n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Poruseni_nekale_souteze\"><\/span>Poru\u0161en\u00ed nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud rozhodl, \u017ee varov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dnosti A ze strany ob\u017ealovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti je ozn\u00e1men\u00edm, \u017ee produkty ob\u017ealovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 spole\u010dnost A dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a prod\u00e1v\u00e1, jsou poru\u0161en\u00edm patentu, a tedy ozn\u00e1men\u00edm skute\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 po\u0161kozuje obchodn\u00ed pov\u011bst ob\u017ealovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le, patent t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se vyn\u00e1lezu v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byl pod\u00e1n pod fale\u0161n\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem, a proto se pova\u017euje, \u017ee tento patent nikdy neexistoval (Japonsk\u00fd patentov\u00fd z\u00e1kon \u010dl\u00e1nek 125), a dovoz a prodej produkt\u016f ob\u017ealovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti spole\u010dnost\u00ed A neporu\u0161uje patentov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va ob\u017ealovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, a ob\u017ealovan\u00e1 spole\u010dnost nem\u016f\u017ee uplat\u0148ovat sv\u00e1 pr\u00e1va na z\u00e1klad\u011b patentov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Tedy, ozn\u00e1men\u00ed ob\u017ealovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti spole\u010dnosti A, \u017ee dovoz a prodej produkt\u016f ob\u017ealovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti poru\u0161uje jej\u00ed patentov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, p\u0159esto\u017ee patent t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se vyn\u00e1lezu v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b neexistuje, je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za ozn\u00e1men\u00ed nepravdiv\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti a je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 to tak uznat.<\/p>\n<cite>Soud v Tokiu, rozhodnut\u00ed ze dne 17. \u00fanora 2017 (2017)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto rozhodl soud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u017ealovan\u00e1 spole\u010dnost tak\u00e9 tvrdila, \u017ee &#8220;ozn\u00e1men\u00ed skute\u010dnosti o poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v osob\u011b, kter\u00e1 se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee poru\u0161uje pr\u00e1va, nen\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00edm nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 2 odstavec 1 bod 14&#8221;, ale soud rozhodl,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Spole\u010dnost A je sice osobou, kter\u00e1 se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee poru\u0161uje pr\u00e1va, ale ozn\u00e1men\u00edm skute\u010dnosti spole\u010dnosti A je po\u0161kozena obchodn\u00ed pov\u011bst ob\u017ealovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 je v\u00fdrobcem produkt\u016f ob\u017ealovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, a ne spole\u010dnosti A, tak\u017ee toto ozn\u00e1men\u00ed by m\u011blo b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za &#8220;ozn\u00e1men\u00ed nepravdiv\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 po\u0161kozuje obchodn\u00ed pov\u011bst jin\u00e9 osoby&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto rozhodl soud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee ob\u017ealovan\u00e1 spole\u010dnost a spole\u010dnost A, kter\u00e1 prod\u00e1v\u00e1 brakety pro ortodontickou l\u00e9\u010dbu, jsou v konkuren\u010dn\u00edm vztahu, tak\u017ee \u010dinnost ob\u017ealovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti je &#8220;ozn\u00e1men\u00ed nebo \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nepravdiv\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 po\u0161kozuje obchodn\u00ed pov\u011bst jin\u00e9 osoby v konkuren\u010dn\u00edm vztahu&#8221;, a bylo uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee je to poru\u0161en\u00ed nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 2 odstavec 1 bod 14 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o prevenci nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Existence_a_vyse_skody\"><\/span>Existence a v\u00fd\u0161e \u0161kody<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/unfair-competition-prevention-law4.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-31562\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee (Japonsk\u00fd Z\u00e1kon o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee) definuje n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek 4: Osoba, kter\u00e1 \u00famysln\u011b nebo z nedbalosti prov\u00e1d\u00ed nespravedlivou sout\u011b\u017e a po\u0161kozuje obchodn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy jin\u00fdch, je povinna nahradit \u0161kodu zp\u016fsobenou t\u00edmto jedn\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b tohoto, soud vypo\u010d\u00edtal ztracen\u00fd zisk za p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159i roky, kdy byl prodej zastaven, jako \u0161kodu. Ro\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd po\u010det prodej\u016f byl vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n z po\u010dtu prodej\u016f v roce p\u0159ed zastaven\u00edm prodeje a v roce po n\u011bm. Bylo odhadnuto mno\u017estv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 prodat za t\u0159i roky, a toto mno\u017estv\u00ed bylo vyn\u00e1sobeno prodejn\u00ed cenou za jednotku a ode\u010dteny n\u00e1klady na suroviny a subdodavatelsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto byla uzn\u00e1na \u0161koda ve v\u00fd\u0161i 127,174.5 americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f za ztracen\u00fd zisk, 13,000 americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f za pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1klady, celkem 141,174.5 americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto, pokud pod\u00e1te \u017ealobu na po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti na z\u00e1klad\u011b Z\u00e1kona o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee, bude odhadnuta v\u00fd\u0161e \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u0161lo pouze o e-mail prodejn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti a nebyl &#8220;\u0161\u00ed\u0159en&#8221; \u0161iroce, tak\u017ee \u017ealobce nepo\u017eadoval omluvnou reklamu atd. Pokud by v\u0161ak bylo ozn\u00e1meno a \u0161\u00ed\u0159eno na \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu na internetu, mohlo by b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e9 po\u017eadovat tak\u00e9 omluvnou reklamu atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/credit-damage-litigation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/credit-damage-litigation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je po\u0161kozena pov\u011bst nebo d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost va\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 hodnotit \u0161kodu pen\u011bzi a \u010dasto je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ji dok\u00e1zat. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, pokud po\u017eadujete n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody na z\u00e1klad\u011b Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee, soud m\u016f\u017ee \u0161kodu vy\u010d\u00edslit podle sv\u00e9ho uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je po\u0161kozena pov\u011bst nebo d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost va\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, m\u016f\u017eete m\u00edt mo\u017enost po\u017eadovat n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody na z\u00e1klad\u011b Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee. Poradte se s zku\u0161en\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Akty, kter\u00e9 po\u0161kozuj\u00ed obchodn\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru, mohou v trestn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u011b spadat pod trestn\u00e9 \u010diny po\u0161kozen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry a naru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti (japonsk\u00fd trestn\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u00edk, \u010dl\u00e1nek 233). Pokud dojde k \u010dinu po\u0161kozen [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63848,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[25,24],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61184"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61184"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61184\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63849,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61184\/revisions\/63849"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63848"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61184"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61184"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}