{"id":61214,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:57","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61214"},"modified":"2024-03-28T18:42:57","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T09:42:57","slug":"non-indictment-after-arrest-correspond-defamation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/non-indictment-after-arrest-correspond-defamation","title":{"rendered":"Je pomluva po zat\u010den\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m neobvin\u011bn\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1na za po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>&#8220;Pomluva a ur\u00e1\u017eka&#8221; je \u010din, kdy se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed neopodstatn\u011bn\u00e9 pomluvy o druh\u00fdch a po\u0161kozuje jejich \u010dest. Pokud spl\u0148uje ur\u010dit\u00e9 po\u017eadavky, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pod\u00e1na \u017e\u00e1dost o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody za po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti nebo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ulo\u017een trest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se st\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00fdm soci\u00e1ln\u00edm probl\u00e9mem, \u017ee se na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, kde lze snadno p\u0159isp\u00edvat, \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed pomluvy a ur\u00e1\u017eky bez ohledu na druh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na na\u0161em webu jsme se zab\u00fdvali pomluvami a ur\u00e1\u017ekami z r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fahl\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b po\u017eadavk\u016f na zalo\u017een\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti pomluvami a ur\u00e1\u017ekami, pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi proti pomluv\u00e1m a ur\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m, jak napsat ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o \u0161kod\u011b, jak identifikovat autora p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku, jak odstranit koment\u00e1\u0159e pomlouvaj\u00edc\u00ed a ur\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tentokr\u00e1t vysv\u011btl\u00edme na z\u00e1klad\u011b precedensu, zda se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy obvin\u011bn\u00fd v \u010dl\u00e1nku o zat\u010den\u00ed nebyl ob\u017ealov\u00e1n, jedn\u00e1 o &#8220;po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti&#8221; stanoven\u00e9 v trestn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/non-indictment-after-arrest-correspond-defamation\/#Co_znamena_neobzalovani\" title=\"Co znamen\u00e1 neob\u017ealov\u00e1n\u00ed\">Co znamen\u00e1 neob\u017ealov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/non-indictment-after-arrest-correspond-defamation\/#Zadne_podezreni\" title=\"\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed\">\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/non-indictment-after-arrest-correspond-defamation\/#Nedostatecne_podezreni\" title=\"Nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed\">Nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/non-indictment-after-arrest-correspond-defamation\/#Odlozeni_obzaloby\" title=\"Odlo\u017een\u00ed ob\u017ealoby\">Odlo\u017een\u00ed ob\u017ealoby<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/non-indictment-after-arrest-correspond-defamation\/#Rozdil_mezi_nepodanim_obzaloby_a_nevinou\" title=\"Rozd\u00edl mezi nepod\u00e1n\u00edm ob\u017ealoby a nevinou\">Rozd\u00edl mezi nepod\u00e1n\u00edm ob\u017ealoby a nevinou<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/non-indictment-after-arrest-correspond-defamation\/#Pripadova_studie_o_pomluve\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e1 studie o pomluv\u011b\">P\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e1 studie o pomluv\u011b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/non-indictment-after-arrest-correspond-defamation\/#Urazeni_cti_v_pripade_kdy_byl_podezrely_osvobozen_od_obvineni\" title=\"Ura\u017een\u00ed cti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy byl podez\u0159el\u00fd osvobozen od obvin\u011bn\u00ed\">Ura\u017een\u00ed cti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy byl podez\u0159el\u00fd osvobozen od obvin\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/non-indictment-after-arrest-correspond-defamation\/#Existence_of_illegality_in_this_case\" title=\"Existence of illegality in this case\">Existence of illegality in this case<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/non-indictment-after-arrest-correspond-defamation\/#Urazka_na_cti_v_pripade_kdy_je_podezrely_nevinny\" title=\"Ur\u00e1\u017eka na cti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy je podez\u0159el\u00fd nevinn\u00fd\">Ur\u00e1\u017eka na cti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy je podez\u0159el\u00fd nevinn\u00fd<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/non-indictment-after-arrest-correspond-defamation\/#Existence_of_illegality_in_this_case-2\" title=\"Existence of illegality in this case\">Existence of illegality in this case<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/non-indictment-after-arrest-correspond-defamation\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_znamena_neobzalovani\"><\/span>Co znamen\u00e1 neob\u017ealov\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve bych cht\u011bl vysv\u011btlit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u011bci o neob\u017ealov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee mnoho lid\u00ed m\u00e1 dojem, \u017ee neob\u017ealov\u00e1n\u00ed = nevina, tedy \u017ee nejsou ob\u017ealov\u00e1ni, proto\u017ee jsou nevinn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neob\u017ealov\u00e1n\u00ed znamen\u00e1, \u017ee st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupce se po zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu rozhodl, \u017ee nen\u00ed t\u0159eba po\u017eadovat soudn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed a nepod\u00e1v\u00e1 ob\u017ealobu. D\u016fvody pro neob\u017ealov\u00e1n\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed &#8220;\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed&#8221;, &#8220;nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed&#8221; a &#8220;odlo\u017een\u00ed ob\u017ealoby&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zadne_podezreni\"><\/span>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fdsledkem vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed je, \u017ee neexistuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy, kter\u00e9 by potvrdily, \u017ee podez\u0159el\u00fd je pachatel, tedy \u017ee neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nedostatecne_podezreni\"><\/span>Nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed znamen\u00e1, \u017ee existuje podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee podez\u0159el\u00fd je pachatel, ale neexistuj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy k prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Odlozeni_obzaloby\"><\/span>Odlo\u017een\u00ed ob\u017ealoby<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Odlo\u017een\u00ed ob\u017ealoby znamen\u00e1, \u017ee existuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy k prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu, ale vzhledem k r\u016fzn\u00fdm okolnostem, jako je lehkost trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu, hlubok\u00e1 l\u00edtost a mo\u017enost n\u00e1pravy, dohoda s ob\u011bt\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edtomnost nebo nep\u0159\u00edtomnost soci\u00e1ln\u00edch sankc\u00ed, se rozhodne ob\u017ealobu odlo\u017eit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozdil_mezi_nepodanim_obzaloby_a_nevinou\"><\/span>Rozd\u00edl mezi nepod\u00e1n\u00edm ob\u017ealoby a nevinou<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Nepod\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u017ealoby&#8221; znamen\u00e1, \u017ee podez\u0159el\u00fd nebude souzen, zat\u00edmco &#8220;nevinost&#8221; je term\u00edn, kter\u00fd se potvrzuje rozhodnut\u00edm soudu po proveden\u00ed soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, a jsou to zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 pojmy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le, i v r\u00e1mci nepod\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u017ealoby existuj\u00ed term\u00edny jako &#8220;bez podez\u0159en\u00ed&#8221; a &#8220;nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed&#8221;, kter\u00e9 jsou bl\u00edzk\u00e9 k nevin\u011b, proto\u017ee je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat rozsudek viny na soudu, ale &#8220;odklad ob\u017ealoby&#8221; m\u00e1 d\u016fkazy, kter\u00e9 mohou dok\u00e1zat trestn\u00fd \u010din, a pokud se kon\u00e1 soud, existuje tak\u00e9 mo\u017enost viny, tak\u017ee i v r\u00e1mci nepod\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u017ealoby m\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdznamy v z\u00e1vislosti na d\u016fvodech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripadova_studie_o_pomluve\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e1 studie o pomluv\u011b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/non-indictment-after-arrest-correspond-defamation2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27307\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nyn\u00ed se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na to, zda \u010dl\u00e1nky o zat\u010den\u00ed v m\u00e9di\u00edch mohou b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za pomluvu, pokud osoba zat\u010den\u00e1 nebyla obvin\u011bna. Vysv\u011btl\u00edme to na z\u00e1klad\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed soudu v minul\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech pomluvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy byl podnikatel obvin\u011bn a p\u0159ed\u00e1n k vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b podez\u0159en\u00ed z podvodu a poru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona v souvislosti s ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u017ealobou. Kdy\u017e nebyl obvin\u011bn a jeho reputace byla po\u0161kozena novinov\u00fdmi zpr\u00e1vami, po\u017eadoval od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za \u0161kodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Urazeni_cti_v_pripade_kdy_byl_podezrely_osvobozen_od_obvineni\"><\/span>Ura\u017een\u00ed cti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy byl podez\u0159el\u00fd osvobozen od obvin\u011bn\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Obchodn\u00edk X byl v \u00fanoru roku 1993 (Heisei 5) obvin\u011bn kupuj\u00edc\u00edm A z podvodu a poru\u0161en\u00ed Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s nemovitostmi v souvislosti s prodejem nemocnice a byl p\u0159ed\u00e1n k vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Noviny Y uve\u0159ejnily \u010dl\u00e1nek 20. \u0159\u00edjna t\u00e9ho\u017e roku, ve kter\u00e9m uvedly, \u017ee obchodn\u00edk X byl p\u0159ed\u00e1n k vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed za podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee podvodn\u011b z\u00edskal z\u00e1lohu ve v\u00fd\u0161i 3 milion\u016f jen\u016f bez upozorn\u011bn\u00ed na to, \u017ee na nemocnici byla stanovena vysok\u00e1 z\u00e1stava. Pozd\u011bji byl obchodn\u00edk X osvobozen od obvin\u011bn\u00ed a vyhr\u00e1l i ob\u010dansk\u00fd soud, kter\u00fd proti n\u011bmu podal A. V roce 1997 (Heisei 9) podal obchodn\u00edk X \u017ealobu na noviny Y, ve kter\u00e9 po\u017eadoval n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozsudek prvn\u00ed instance byl:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek novin Y je anonymn\u00ed, ale je mo\u017en\u00e9 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jednozna\u010dn\u011b identifikovat obchodn\u00edka X, podrobnosti o podez\u0159el\u00fdch skute\u010dnostech jsou podrobn\u011b a konkr\u00e9tn\u011b pops\u00e1ny, v nadpisu je zd\u016frazn\u011bno &#8220;v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b prodeje nemocnice s vysokou z\u00e1stavou&#8221; a &#8220;z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1lohy 3 milion\u016f jen\u016f&#8221;, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dojem, \u017ee podez\u0159en\u00ed z podvodu a poru\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona je siln\u00e9, co\u017e sni\u017euje soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed obchodn\u00edka X a po\u0161kozuje jeho \u010dest. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, nebyl prok\u00e1z\u00e1n pravdiv\u00fd charakter a neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd zna\u010dn\u00fd d\u016fvod pro omyl o pravd\u011b.<\/p>\n<cite>Okresn\u00ed soud v Sendai, rozsudek ze dne 22. \u010dervence 1997 (Heisei 9)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>A na\u0159\u00eddil novin\u00e1m Y zaplatit 600 000 jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozhodnut\u00ed soudu, kter\u00fd se odvolal proti rozsudku prvn\u00ed instance, kter\u00fd noviny Y nesouhlasily, bylo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek po\u0161kozuje \u010dest obchodn\u00edka X, jak je uvedeno v rozsudku prvn\u00ed instance. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zpravodajstv\u00ed o p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed dokument\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se obvin\u011bn\u00ed je t\u0159eba pe\u010dliv\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit v\u00fdraz, proto\u017ee zahrnuje i p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy dojde k osvobozen\u00ed od obvin\u011bn\u00ed. Obsah \u010dl\u00e1nku siln\u011b nazna\u010duje, \u017ee skute\u010dnosti t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se podez\u0159en\u00ed jsou podlo\u017eeny vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm a v\u00fdzkumem vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f a \u017ee podez\u0159en\u00ed je siln\u00e9. Proto je c\u00edlem prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed pravdivosti to, \u017ee podez\u0159en\u00ed je podlo\u017eeno vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm a v\u00fdzkumem a je siln\u00e9, ale toto prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed nebylo provedeno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nav\u00edc, noviny Y nez\u00edskaly dojem, \u017ee podez\u0159en\u00ed je siln\u00e9 od m\u00edstn\u00ed policejn\u00ed stanice, a tak\u00e9 nesly\u0161ely \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 informace od z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran, a proto nelze uznat, \u017ee existuje zna\u010dn\u00fd d\u016fvod pro omyl o pravd\u011b.<\/p>\n<cite>Sendai High Court, rozsudek ze dne 26. \u010dervna 1998 (Heisei 10)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>A bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee \u0161koda obchodn\u00edka X je p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 ve v\u00fd\u0161i 600 000 jen\u016f a odvol\u00e1n\u00ed novin Y je bezd\u016fvodn\u00e9 a je zam\u00edtnuto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Existence_of_illegality_in_this_case\"><\/span>Existence of illegality in this case<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background\">Japanese Penal Code Article 230 (Defamation) <br> \u2488    Anyone who publicly states a fact and damages a person&#8217;s reputation, regardless of whether the fact is true or not, shall be punished by imprisonment for up to 3 years or a fine of up to 500,000 yen.<br> \u2489    Anyone who defames the honor of the deceased, unless it is done by stating a false fact, shall not be punished.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Article 230 of the Penal Code, the requirements for defamation are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Publicly \u21e8 In a way that an unspecified number of people can know<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stating a fact \u21e8 Citing a specific fact (\u203b The truth or falsehood of the fact is not an issue)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Defaming a person&#8217;s honor \u21e8 Creating a situation where a person&#8217;s social evaluation may be harmed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>For more details on the requirements for defamation, please refer to the following article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this case, the article by Y Newspaper easily identifies the trader X and gives a specific indication of the suspected fact, giving the impression that the suspicion is strong, and it can be said that it meets the requirements of defamation by lowering the social evaluation of trader X and damaging his reputation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, defamation is not illegal if there is a &#8220;justifiable reason&#8221; as defined in Article 230-2 of the Penal Code, but even if the purpose of Y Newspaper&#8217;s report was &#8220;to serve the public interest&#8221;, it is not applicable because no proof of truth has been made.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, when the media reports on the indictment of a suspect, it is likely to be accused of defamation if it gives the impression of guilt without proving the truth, regardless of whether the case is not prosecuted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Urazka_na_cti_v_pripade_kdy_je_podezrely_nevinny\"><\/span>Ur\u00e1\u017eka na cti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy je podez\u0159el\u00fd nevinn\u00fd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/non-indictment-after-arrest-correspond-defamation1-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27306\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Druh\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem je situace, kdy byl podez\u0159el\u00fd uzn\u00e1n vinn\u00fdm v prvn\u00edm stupni soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ale v odvolac\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed byl uzn\u00e1n nevinn\u00fdm. Osoba, kter\u00e1 u\u010dinila prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o trestn\u00e9m \u010dinu, byla pot\u00e9 \u017ealov\u00e1na za ur\u00e1\u017eku na cti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prezident spole\u010dnosti H Telefon, pan B, byl obvin\u011bn z trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu zpronev\u011bry firemn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f a zpronev\u011bry um\u011bleck\u00fdch d\u011bl vlastn\u011bn\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 si odnesl dom\u016f. Dne 26. dubna 1985 (Showa 60) byl v prvn\u00edm stupni soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed uzn\u00e1n \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vinn\u00fdm a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nevinn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Profesor A z pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 fakulty H University ve sv\u00e9 knize &#8220;P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o \u00faplatc\u00edch&#8221;, vydan\u00e9 25. \u00fanora 1986 (Showa 61), konkr\u00e9tn\u011b popsal zpronev\u011bru firemn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f prezidentem B na z\u00e1klad\u011b rozsudku prvn\u00edho stupn\u011b a komentoval, \u017ee do\u0161lo k \u00fapln\u00e9mu sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch a soukrom\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 se zm\u00ednil o \u010dinnostech, kter\u00e9 byly uzn\u00e1ny za nevinn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V odvolac\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dne 12. b\u0159ezna 1991 (Heisei 3) byl prezident B, kter\u00fd byl v prvn\u00edm stupni soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed uzn\u00e1n \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vinn\u00fdm z zpronev\u011bry firemn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, uzn\u00e1n zcela nevinn\u00fdm. Pouze \u010d\u00e1st obvin\u011bn\u00ed z zpronev\u011bry um\u011bleck\u00fdch d\u011bl vlastn\u011bn\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 si odnesl dom\u016f, byla uzn\u00e1na za vinu a rozsudek odvolac\u00edho soudu byl potvrzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prezident B \u017ealoval profesora A za ur\u00e1\u017eku na cti kv\u016fli \u010dl\u00e1nku &#8220;P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o \u00faplatc\u00edch&#8221;. V prvn\u00edm stupni soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed byla uzn\u00e1na odpov\u011bdnost profesora A za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed kv\u016fli ur\u00e1\u017ece na cti prezidenta B a profesor A byl odsouzen k od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 500 000 jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soudn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed v\u016f\u010di profesoru A, kter\u00fd se odvolal proti tomuto rozhodnut\u00ed, bylo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Ur\u00e1\u017eka na cti nen\u00ed nez\u00e1konn\u00e1, pokud se t\u00fdk\u00e1 skute\u010dnost\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm z\u00e1jmem a jej\u00edm hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem je prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho dobra, pokud je prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee uveden\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti jsou pravdiv\u00e9 v jejich d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech. Dokonce i kdy\u017e nen\u00ed d\u016fkaz o pravdivosti, nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed zalo\u017eeno, pokud nen\u00ed \u00famysl nebo nedbalost a existuje dostate\u010dn\u00fd d\u016fvod pro to, aby jednaj\u00edc\u00ed osoba v\u011b\u0159ila, \u017ee je to pravda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud profesor A uv\u00e1d\u00ed skute\u010dnosti uveden\u00e9 v rozsudku prvn\u00edho stupn\u011b soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed prezidenta B a skute\u010dnosti uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 v d\u016fvodech rozsudku jako pravdiv\u00e9, m\u011blo by se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee existuje dostate\u010dn\u00fd d\u016fvod pro to, aby v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee jsou pravdiv\u00e9, pokud neexistuj\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed okolnosti, i kdy\u017e bylo v odvolac\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed u\u010din\u011bno odli\u0161n\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Skute\u010dnosti uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 v rozsudku prvn\u00edho stupn\u011b soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed prezidenta B a skute\u010dnosti uveden\u00e9 profesorem A v &#8220;P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o \u00faplatc\u00edch&#8221; jsou shodn\u00e9, tak\u017ee profesor A nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1n za \u00famysln\u00e9ho nebo nedbal\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<cite>Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud, rozsudek ze dne 26. \u0159\u00edjna 1999 (Heisei 11)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>A tak bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee nebylo zalo\u017eeno nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed profesora A kv\u016fli ur\u00e1\u017ece na cti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Existence_of_illegality_in_this_case-2\"><\/span>Existence of illegality in this case<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background\">Japanese Penal Code Article 230-2 (Special case concerning public interests)<br> \u2488 If the act in the preceding paragraph pertains to a fact concerning public interests, and its purpose is solely to serve the public interest, it will not be punished if it is judged to be true and there is proof of its truth.<br> \u2489 For the application of the provisions of the preceding paragraph, facts concerning the criminal acts of persons who have not been prosecuted are considered facts concerning public interests.<br> \u248a If the act in the preceding paragraph pertains to a fact concerning a public official or a candidate for public office by election, it will not be punished if it is judged to be true and there is proof of its truth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This case was judged to fall under the factors obstructing illegality when the act of defamation was carried out with the purpose of &#8220;serving the public interest&#8221; and there was &#8220;proof of its truth&#8221;. Even if the suspect received a not guilty verdict for the part pointed out after the act of defamation, it was deemed not illegal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The judgment of the first instance in the criminal case considered &#8220;reasonable grounds for believing the facts to be true&#8221; as equivalent to &#8220;proof of the facts&#8221; in Article 230-2, Paragraph 1 of the Penal Code.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For more details on the rejection of the illegality of defamation, please refer to the article below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/libel-law-utility\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/libel-law-utility[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b, kdy jsou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b jako Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LINE atd. hluboko zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9 v na\u0161em \u017eivot\u011b, nikdy nev\u00edme, kdy n\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee postihnout probl\u00e9m s po\u0161kozen\u00edm pov\u011bsti kv\u016fli pomluv\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, jakmile se stanete stranou v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, je nutn\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eit r\u016fzn\u00e9 faktory, jako jsou podm\u00ednky pro zalo\u017een\u00ed pomluvy, faktory br\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed nez\u00e1konnosti a situace v dob\u011b jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Doporu\u010dujeme, abyste takov\u00e9 citliv\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti ne\u0159e\u0161ili sami, ale co nejd\u0159\u00edve se obr\u00e1tili na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 s odborn\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi znalostmi a bohat\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi a z\u00edskali vhodn\u00e9 rady.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Pomluva a ur\u00e1\u017eka&#8221; je \u010din, kdy se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed neopodstatn\u011bn\u00e9 pomluvy o druh\u00fdch a po\u0161kozuje jejich \u010dest. Pokud spl\u0148uje ur\u010dit\u00e9 po\u017eadavky, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pod\u00e1na \u017e\u00e1dost o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody za po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti neb [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63773,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61214"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61214"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63774,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61214\/revisions\/63774"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63773"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}