{"id":61220,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:57","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61220"},"modified":"2024-03-27T16:28:25","modified_gmt":"2024-03-27T07:28:25","slug":"various-linguistic-expressions-and-copyrights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/various-linguistic-expressions-and-copyrights","title":{"rendered":"Je p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed slogan\u016f, titulk\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch v\u00fdraz\u016f poru\u0161en\u00edm autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Na texty a fotografie, kter\u00e9 n\u011bkdo vytvo\u0159il, se vztahuje &#8220;autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo&#8221;. Pokud n\u011bkdo bez povolen\u00ed kop\u00edruje text nebo fotografii, na kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pokud n\u011bkdo n\u011bco nap\u00ed\u0161e jako prvn\u00ed, na tomto textu vznikaj\u00ed autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a st\u00e1v\u00e1 se to &#8220;jen&#8221; jeho v\u011bc\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 nen\u00ed probl\u00e9m, \u017ee v\u011bta &#8220;Kdy\u017e jsem pro\u0161el dlouh\u00fdm tunelem na hranici, byla tam zimn\u00ed zem\u011b&#8221; se st\u00e1v\u00e1 &#8220;vlastnictv\u00edm Kawabata Yasunariho&#8221;, ale nap\u0159\u00edklad pokud by byla v\u011bta &#8220;Dnes je hezky&#8221; chr\u00e1n\u011bna autorsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy, nikdo jin\u00fd by nemohl napsat &#8220;Dnes je hezky&#8221;, co\u017e je z\u0159ejm\u011b nepraktick\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u011b se toto pova\u017euje za ot\u00e1zku &#8220;rozsahu d\u00edla&#8221; a &#8220;povahy d\u00edla&#8221;. Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech (\u010dl\u00e1nek 2, odstavec 1, bod 1) definuje d\u00edlo jako &#8220;n\u011bco, co kreativn\u011b vyjad\u0159uje my\u0161lenky nebo pocity a pat\u0159\u00ed do oblasti literatury, v\u011bdy, um\u011bn\u00ed nebo hudby&#8221;. To, co odpov\u00edd\u00e1 t\u00e9to definici, je uzn\u00e1no jako &#8220;m\u00e1 povahu d\u00edla&#8221; a je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za &#8220;d\u00edlo&#8221;, na kter\u00e9m vznikaj\u00ed autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, a ten, kdo to vytvo\u0159il, je uzn\u00e1n jako &#8220;autor&#8221; (tamt\u00e9\u017e, bod 2), kter\u00fd m\u00e1 tato autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak\u017ee kde za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch v\u00fdraz\u016f, jako jsou slogany nebo titulky, jako &#8220;d\u00edla&#8221;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/various-linguistic-expressions-and-copyrights\/#Rozsah_autorskych_del\" title=\"Rozsah autorsk\u00fdch d\u011bl\">Rozsah autorsk\u00fdch d\u011bl<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/various-linguistic-expressions-and-copyrights\/#Pripad_popisu_hedvabnych_tkanin\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad popisu hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdch tkanin\">P\u0159\u00edpad popisu hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdch tkanin<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/various-linguistic-expressions-and-copyrights\/#Pripad_sestavovacich_navodu_modelovych_letadel\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad sestavovac\u00edch n\u00e1vod\u016f modelov\u00fdch letadel\">P\u0159\u00edpad sestavovac\u00edch n\u00e1vod\u016f modelov\u00fdch letadel<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/various-linguistic-expressions-and-copyrights\/#Pripad_reklamnich_sloganu_produktu\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad reklamn\u00edch slogan\u016f produkt\u016f\">P\u0159\u00edpad reklamn\u00edch slogan\u016f produkt\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/various-linguistic-expressions-and-copyrights\/#Pripad_titulku_zpravodajskych_clanku\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad titulk\u016f zpravodajsk\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f\">P\u0159\u00edpad titulk\u016f zpravodajsk\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/various-linguistic-expressions-and-copyrights\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozsah_autorskych_del\"><\/span>Rozsah autorsk\u00fdch d\u011bl<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve, a\u010dkoli to nen\u00ed soudn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se textu, existuje zaj\u00edmav\u00fd soudn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se &#8220;autorsk\u00fdch d\u011bl&#8221;. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existoval soudn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad, kter\u00fd se t\u00fdkal fotografie bromidu, na kter\u00e9 byl mlad\u00fd herec Hiroyuki Sanada, kter\u00fd se proslavil ve filmech jako &#8220;Posledn\u00ed samuraj&#8221;, jako subjekt. Soud uznal, \u017ee fotografie bromidu je autorsk\u00fdm d\u00edlem, ale v rozhodnut\u00ed uvedl:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Tato fotografie byla vytvo\u0159ena s \u00famyslem prodat ji jako sou\u010d\u00e1st obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti \u017ealovan\u00e9ho, ale je mo\u017en\u00e9 vid\u011bt individualitu a kreativitu fotografa, co\u017e se li\u0161\u00ed od toho, co je vyj\u00e1d\u0159eno pouze mechanick\u00fdm p\u016fsoben\u00edm kamery, jako je portr\u00e9t pro certifik\u00e1t. A autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va k tomuto d\u00edlu by m\u011bla pat\u0159it \u017ealovan\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd je u\u017eivatelem.<br><\/p>\n<cite> Rozhodnut\u00ed Tokijsk\u00e9ho okresn\u00edho soudu ze dne 10. \u010dervence 1987 (1987)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee i kdy\u017e to nen\u00ed &#8220;portr\u00e9t pro certifik\u00e1t&#8221;, autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va jsou uzn\u00e1v\u00e1na. Ned\u00e1vno byl p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy \u017eena po\u017eadovala zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli na z\u00e1klad\u011b autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a pr\u00e1v autora, kdy\u017e byly dv\u011b jej\u00ed selfie fotky jej\u00edch nohou bez povolen\u00ed p\u0159evedeny na internetov\u00e9 diskusn\u00ed f\u00f3rum, a bylo to uzn\u00e1no (Rozhodnut\u00ed Tokijsk\u00e9ho okresn\u00edho soudu ze dne 28. \u00fanora 2019 (2019)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/disclosure-of-the-senders-information\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/disclosure-of-the-senders-information[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/provider-liability-limitation-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/provider-liability-limitation-law[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de jazykov\u00e9ho vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, rom\u00e1ny, hry, b\u00e1sn\u011b, tanka, haiku, kritiky, v\u011bdeck\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce atd. byly samoz\u0159ejm\u011b uzn\u00e1ny jako autorsk\u00e1 d\u00edla, ale jak je to s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi jin\u00fdmi jazykov\u00fdmi vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edmi, zejm\u00e9na kr\u00e1tk\u00fdmi jazykov\u00fdmi vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edmi? Do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry je rozsah autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v jazykov\u00e9m vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed? Abychom se nev\u011bdomky nedopustili poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a mohli rychle reagovat, pokud dojde k poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, m\u011bli bychom zn\u00e1t rozsah autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v jazykov\u00e9m vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_popisu_hedvabnych_tkanin\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad popisu hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdch tkanin<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_1656546199-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9419\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy \u017ealobce, kter\u00fd vyr\u00e1b\u011bl a prod\u00e1val luxusn\u00ed tkaniny z p\u0159edem barven\u00e9ho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, v\u011brn\u011b obnovil starov\u011bk\u00e9 tkaniny p\u0159edan\u00e9 skladem Sh\u014ds\u014din a slavn\u00e9 tkaniny p\u0159edan\u00e9 rodinou Maeda, a \u017ealovan\u00fd vyr\u00e1b\u011bl a prod\u00e1val produkty, kter\u00e9 se velmi podobaly t\u011bm \u017ealobce, co\u017e vedlo k z\u00e1m\u011bn\u011b a zmaten\u00ed s produkty \u017ealobce. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho \u017ealobce podal \u017e\u00e1dost o z\u00e1kaz na z\u00e1klad\u011b japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato \u017e\u00e1dost byla uzn\u00e1na a \u017ealovan\u00e9mu bylo na\u0159\u00edzeno zastavit prodej a zaplatit od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed, ale \u017ealobce p\u0159ilo\u017eil popis uveden\u00fd v katalogu k \u010dtvrt\u00e9mu v\u00fdrobku. \u017dalovan\u00fd p\u0159ilo\u017eil n\u00e1vod s vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdm popisem p\u0159i prodeji podobn\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku, ale \u017ealobce to tak\u00e9 \u017ealoval jako poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, proto\u017ee tento popis byl velmi podobn\u00fd tomu \u017ealobce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na to soud odpov\u011bd\u011bl,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Je nesporn\u00e9, \u017ee \u017ealobce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 popis \u017ealobce k popisu \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku \u017ealobce. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, popis \u017ealobce je pouze objektivn\u00ed v\u00fdklad vzoru a designu dan\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku a nelze ho pova\u017eovat za kreativn\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed my\u0161lenek a z\u00e1m\u011br\u016f \u017ealobce v souvislosti s t\u00edmto v\u00fdrobkem (jin\u00fdmi slovy, nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee popis \u017ealobce m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed kreativitu krom\u011b kreativity jako v\u00fdrobku tkaniny), a je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ho nazvat d\u00edlem, kter\u00e9 je chr\u00e1n\u011bno autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem, tak\u017ee hlavn\u00ed \u017ealoba \u017ealobce na poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v je neopodstatn\u011bn\u00e1.<br><\/p>\n<cite>Soud v Kj\u00f3tu, rozhodnut\u00ed ze dne 18. \u00fanora 1993 (Gregorian calendar year)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>a nep\u0159iznal autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va na popis a nep\u0159iznal poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle \u017ealobce je popis hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 tkaniny pouze objektivn\u00ed v\u00fdklad v\u00fdrobku a nelze ho pova\u017eovat za kreativn\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed my\u0161lenek a z\u00e1m\u011br\u016f v souvislosti s t\u00edmto v\u00fdrobkem, tak\u017ee nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed kreativitu. Japonsk\u00fd autorsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon definuje d\u00edlo jako &#8220;n\u011bco, co kreativn\u011b vyjad\u0159uje my\u0161lenky nebo emoce a pat\u0159\u00ed do oblasti literatury, v\u011bdy, um\u011bn\u00ed nebo hudby.&#8221; (\u010dl\u00e1nek 2, odstavec 1, bod 1 japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona).<br> Podle tohoto ustanoven\u00ed mus\u00ed pro uzn\u00e1n\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v spl\u0148ovat \u010dty\u0159i po\u017eadavky: \u2460 my\u0161lenky nebo emoce, \u2461 kreativita, \u2462 vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, \u2463 pat\u0159\u00ed do oblasti literatury, v\u011bdy, um\u011bn\u00ed nebo hudby, ale soud rozhodl, \u017ee popis hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 tkaniny \u017ealobce nespl\u0148uje tyto po\u017eadavky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_sestavovacich_navodu_modelovych_letadel\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad sestavovac\u00edch n\u00e1vod\u016f modelov\u00fdch letadel<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_478264207-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9420\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br> Existuje p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy spole\u010dnost vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed a prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed modelov\u00e1 letadla a podobn\u00e9 produkty, \u017e\u00e1dala o zastaven\u00ed prodeje v\u00fdrobk\u016f konkuren\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 byly identick\u00e9 nebo podobn\u00e9 jej\u00edm vlastn\u00edm v\u00fdrobk\u016fm a mohly by v\u00e9st k z\u00e1m\u011bn\u011b s produkty \u017ealobce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/penalty-for-trademark-infringement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/penalty-for-trademark-infringement[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal, \u017ee tvar t\u011bchto v\u00fdrobk\u016f m\u00e1 funkci ozna\u010den\u00ed p\u016fvodu a na z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u00e1kona o prevenci nespravedliv\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee (japonsk\u00fd Unfair Competition Prevention Act) uznal \u017e\u00e1dost o zastaven\u00ed prodeje podobn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f a o zni\u010den\u00ed z\u00e1sob. Soud tak\u00e9 uznal n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody za finan\u010dn\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty a \u0161kodu zp\u016fsobenou po\u0161kozen\u00edm dobr\u00e9 pov\u011bsti \u017ealobce, kterou zp\u016fsobila ob\u017ealovan\u00e1 spole\u010dnost prodejem nekvalitn\u00edch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. V tomto procesu v\u0161ak \u017ealobce tak\u00e9 obvinil ob\u017ealovanou spole\u010dnost z poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, proto\u017ee tvrdil, \u017ee n\u00e1vod k sestaven\u00ed letadla, kter\u00fd byl sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jeho produkt\u016f, byl ob\u017ealovanou spole\u010dnost\u00ed kop\u00edrov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud k tomu uvedl:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;Je uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee \u017ealobce vynalo\u017eil \u010das a \u00fasil\u00ed na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed tohoto n\u00e1vodu, pl\u00e1noval vytvo\u0159it detailn\u00ed a srozumiteln\u00fd n\u00e1vod, v\u011bnoval pozornost r\u016fzn\u00fdm aspekt\u016fm, jako je zp\u016fsob fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed pro ilustrace, po\u010det str\u00e1nek, zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed a z\u0159etelnost textu, a tak\u00e9 poskytl vhodn\u00e9 koment\u00e1\u0159e k souvisej\u00edc\u00edm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m, jako je nastaven\u00ed sm\u011brovky a dal\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f letu. D\u00e1le, n\u00e1vod \u017ealobce m\u00e1 originalitu ve form\u011b a zp\u016fsobu vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed a je tvo\u0159iv\u00fdm vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edm my\u0161lenek autora, pat\u0159\u00ed do oblasti v\u011bdy a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1n za d\u00edlo v souladu s \u010dl\u00e1nkem 2 odstavcem 1 bodem 10 z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech (japonsk\u00fd Copyright Act), a \u017ealobce je jeho autorem a z\u00e1rove\u0148 dr\u017eitelem autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.&#8221;<br><\/p>\n<cite>Rozsudek Okresn\u00edho soudu v \u00d3sace ze dne 23. \u010dervence 1992 (rok 1992 podle gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud uznal, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o autorsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo a na tomto z\u00e1klad\u011b uvedl:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;Reprodukce d\u00edla znamen\u00e1 fyzick\u00e9 znovuvytvo\u0159en\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edho d\u00edla tiskem nebo jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. I kdy\u017e jsou provedeny n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u00fapravy nebo p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed, pokud nezm\u011bn\u00ed identitu p\u016fvodn\u00edho d\u00edla, je to pova\u017eov\u00e1no za reprodukci tohoto d\u00edla. N\u00e1vod ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho je pouze s m\u00edrn\u00fdmi \u00fapravami a p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edmi k p\u016fvodn\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00e9mu n\u00e1vodu \u017ealobce a je uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee neztratil identitu s p\u016fvodn\u00edm d\u00edlem, tak\u017ee je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o reprodukci.&#8221;<br><\/p>\n<cite>Tamt\u00e9\u017e<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud tedy uznal, \u017ee n\u00e1vod ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho je kopie n\u00e1vodu \u017ealobce a uznal poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Rozhodnut\u00ed tedy zn\u00ed, \u017ee i kdy\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o n\u00e1vod k sestaven\u00ed produktu, pokud m\u00e1 &#8220;originalitu ve form\u011b a zp\u016fsobu vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed&#8221; a je &#8220;tvo\u0159iv\u00fdm vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edm my\u0161lenek autora&#8221;, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1n jako autorsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/copyright-infringement-on-instagram\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/copyright-infringement-on-instagram[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_reklamnich_sloganu_produktu\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad reklamn\u00edch slogan\u016f produkt\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_362287652-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9422\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy bylo sporn\u00e9, zda reklamn\u00ed slogan pou\u017eit\u00fd u produktu spad\u00e1 pod autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V odvolac\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed po prohran\u00e9m procesu v prvn\u00edm stupni, odvolatel tvrdil, \u017ee reklamn\u00ed slogany pou\u017eit\u00e9 u jeho produktu &#8220;Speed Learning&#8221; (Rychl\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed) poru\u0161uj\u00ed autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va nebo tvo\u0159\u00ed nekalou sout\u011b\u017e. Proto po\u017eadoval, aby bylo \u017ealovan\u00e9mu zak\u00e1z\u00e1no kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed, ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 sd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed a distribuce kopie t\u011bchto slogan\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Odvolatel p\u0159ipustil, \u017ee obecn\u011b se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina jednoduch\u00fdch a kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch fr\u00e1z\u00ed, jako jsou slogany, nen\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bna jako autorsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, tvrdil, \u017ee existence kreativity z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, zda je to kreativn\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed my\u0161lenek a emoc\u00ed, a \u017ee jeho podstata nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v d\u00e9lce. Jak je z\u0159ejm\u00e9 z p\u0159\u00edkladu haiku (17 znak\u016f), nelze jednozna\u010dn\u011b pop\u0159\u00edt kreativitu v kategorii slogan\u016f jen proto, \u017ee jsou kr\u00e1tk\u00e9. Existence kreativity by m\u011bla b\u00fdt posuzov\u00e1na na p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e9 b\u00e1zi podle konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho obsahu vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy je slogan \u017ealovan\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edslo 3 p\u0159esnou kopi\u00ed sloganu odvolatele \u010d\u00edslo 2, je to argument s ur\u010ditou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010divost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na to soud odpov\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee reklamn\u00ed slogany jsou v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b ur\u010deny k p\u0159esn\u00e9mu propagov\u00e1n\u00ed produkt\u016f nebo slu\u017eeb, a proto je vy\u017eadov\u00e1no stru\u010dn\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed kv\u016fli omezen\u00edm tisku nebo obrazovky, co\u017e nevyhnuteln\u011b zahrnuje omezen\u00ed po\u010dtu znak\u016f. V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy neexistuj\u00ed takov\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady a omezen\u00ed, je obecn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b prostoru pro projev individuality a rozsah vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed je nutn\u011b omezen. Nav\u00edc, pokud je konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed omezen\u00ed po\u010dtu znak\u016f, jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sloganu odvolatele \u010d\u00edslo 2, kolem 20 znak\u016f, rozsah vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed je velmi omezen. A vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee nen\u00ed t\u0159eba chr\u00e1nit n\u00e1pady nebo fakta, ne v\u017edy by m\u011bla b\u00fdt kreativita potvrzena jen proto, \u017ee existuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, p\u0159i posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed, zda reklamn\u00ed slogany maj\u00ed charakter autorsk\u00e9ho d\u00edla, i kdy\u017e se zab\u00fdv\u00e1me ot\u00e1zkou existence individuality, pokud neexistuje mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed a je m\u00e1lo prostoru pro projev individuality, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt kreativita pop\u0159ena. <\/p>\n<cite>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud pro du\u0161evn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed, rozsudek ze dne 10. listopadu 2015 (Gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>A tak soud nerozpoznal autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V rozsudku je uvedeno,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de pou\u017eit\u00ed kombinace slov &#8220;n\u00e1hle jednoho dne&#8221; k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dojmu dramatick\u00e9ho u\u010debn\u00edho efektu a pou\u017eit\u00ed slova &#8220;vysko\u010dilo&#8221; k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dynamick\u00e9ho dojmu, je nezbytn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt ur\u010dit\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslovce a slovesa k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bchto n\u00e1pad\u016f, tak\u017ee neexistuje mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed. <\/p>\n<cite>Tamt\u00e9\u017e<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak slogan odvolatele \u010d\u00edslo 2 a odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed slogan \u017ealovan\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edslo 3 jsou,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li> Odvolatel &#8211; Slogan \u010d\u00edslo 2: Jednoho dne mi z \u00fast vysko\u010dila angli\u010dtina!<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> \u017dalovan\u00fd &#8211; Slogan \u010d\u00edslo 2: Jednoho dne mi z \u00fast vysko\u010dila angli\u010dtina!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak\u017ee je pochopiteln\u00e9, \u017ee strana &#8220;Speed Learning&#8221; byla nespokojen\u00e1. Mimochodem, slogan odvolatele \u010d\u00edslo 1 a odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed slogan \u017ealovan\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edslo 1 byly tak\u00e9,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li> Odvolatel &#8211; Slogan \u010d\u00edslo 1: Poslouchejte angli\u010dtinu jako hudbu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> \u017dalovan\u00fd &#8211; Slogan \u010d\u00edslo 1: Pouze poslouchejte angli\u010dtinu jako hudbu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p> Tak to bylo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_titulku_zpravodajskych_clanku\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad titulk\u016f zpravodajsk\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_726843034-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9423\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy bylo diskutov\u00e1no, zda titulky zpravodajsk\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f spadaj\u00ed pod autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spole\u010dnost Yomiuri Shimbun publikovala na sv\u00e9 webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce &#8216;Yomiuri On-Line&#8217; zpravodajsk\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky a jejich titulky (d\u00e1le jen &#8216;YOL titulky&#8217;) a uzav\u0159ela smlouvu s Yahoo!, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148ovala Yahoo! za poplatek vyu\u017e\u00edvat hlavn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy z &#8216;Yomiuri On-Line&#8217;. Na &#8216;Yahoo! News&#8217; byly zobrazov\u00e1ny titulky \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f identick\u00e9 s YOL titulky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd na sv\u00e9 webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce nazvan\u00e9 &#8216;Line Topics&#8217; um\u00edstil odkazy na zpravodajsk\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky na &#8216;Yahoo! Japan&#8217; a mnoho t\u011bchto odkazov\u00fdch tla\u010d\u00edtek pou\u017e\u00edvalo fr\u00e1ze identick\u00e9 s titulky zpravodajsk\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto\u017ee ob\u017ealovan\u00fd zobrazoval na sv\u00e9 webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce &#8216;ob\u017ealovan\u00e9 odkazov\u00e9 titulky&#8217;, \u017ealobce tvrdil, \u017ee toto je poru\u0161en\u00ed jeho pr\u00e1va na kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch d\u011bl a \u017ee ob\u017ealovan\u00fd odes\u00edl\u00e1 &#8216;ob\u017ealovan\u00e9 odkazov\u00e9 titulky&#8217; u\u017eivatel\u016fm, co\u017e je poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 p\u0159enos autorsk\u00fdch d\u011bl. \u017dalobce se proto obr\u00e1til na Tokijsk\u00fd okresn\u00ed soud s \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o zastaven\u00ed t\u011bchto \u010dinnost\u00ed a o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, ale byl zam\u00edtnut a podal odvol\u00e1n\u00ed. V odvolac\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed soud rozhodl:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee titulky zpravodajsk\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f jsou omezeny povahou p\u0159esn\u00e9ho a stru\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem zpravodajstv\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 omezen\u00edm po\u010dtu znak\u016f, kter\u00e9 lze pou\u017e\u00edt, co\u017e omezuje mo\u017enosti v\u00fdb\u011bru vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed a m\u00e1lo prostoru pro kreativitu. Proto nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9 uznat titulky jako autorsk\u00e1 d\u011bla.<br> Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, nem\u011bli bychom p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee v\u0161echny titulky zpravodajsk\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f jsou automaticky vylou\u010deny z ochrany autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 10 odst. 2 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech, v z\u00e1vislosti na zp\u016fsobu vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e9 uznat kreativitu. Nakonec bychom m\u011bli posoudit, zda je konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho titulku kreativn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<cite>Verdict of the Intellectual Property High Court, 6. \u0159\u00edjna 2005 (roku 2005)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud n\u00e1sledn\u011b posoudil 365 titulk\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159edm\u011btem sporu, a rozhodl, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z nich nem\u00e1 kreativitu pot\u0159ebnou k ochran\u011b jako autorsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo. Mimochodem, \u010dl\u00e1nek 10 odst. 2 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech stanov\u00ed, \u017ee &#8220;zpr\u00e1vy a zpravodajstv\u00ed o aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch ud\u00e1lostech, kter\u00e9 jsou pouze p\u0159enosem fakt\u016f, nespadaj\u00ed pod autorsk\u00e1 d\u00edla uveden\u00e1 v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm odstavci.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, soud rozhodl, \u017ee &#8220;pro zalo\u017een\u00ed nez\u00e1konn\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 709 japonsk\u00e9ho ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku) nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9, aby byla poru\u0161ena pr\u00e1va v p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9m smyslu stanoven\u00e9m z\u00e1konem, jako je autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, pokud je z\u00e1konem chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd z\u00e1jem nez\u00e1konn\u011b poru\u0161en, m\u011blo by b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1no nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;, a uvedl:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>YOL titulky jsou v\u00fdsledkem mnoha \u00fasil\u00ed a n\u00e1klad\u016f vynalo\u017een\u00fdch \u017ealobcem jako zpravodajskou agenturou. I kdy\u017e nejsou chr\u00e1n\u011bny autorsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem, jsou vytvo\u0159eny s dostate\u010dn\u00fdm \u00fasil\u00edm a n\u00e1paditost\u00ed a stru\u010dn\u00fdm vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edm, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje alespo\u0148 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pochopen\u00ed obsahu zpravodajstv\u00ed z titulk\u016f samotn\u00fdch. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee YOL titulky maj\u00ed samostatnou hodnotu a jsou prod\u00e1v\u00e1ny za poplatek, m\u011bly by b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za z\u00e1jem hodn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrany.<\/p>\n<cite>Tamt\u00e9\u017e<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud tedy uznal existenci nez\u00e1konn\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a uznal odpov\u011bdnost ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho za n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je to ot\u00e1zka, jak hodnotit situaci, kdy t\u0159et\u00ed strana bez povolen\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 informace, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed ekonomickou hodnotu, i kdy\u017e nejsou uzn\u00e1ny jako autorsk\u00e1 d\u00edla, ale byly vytvo\u0159eny s velk\u00fdm \u00fasil\u00edm a n\u00e1klady a jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem placen\u00fdch transakc\u00ed. V tomto ohledu tento p\u0159\u00edpad uznal existenci nez\u00e1konn\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, i kdy\u017e nebyla uzn\u00e1na autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Tento p\u0159\u00edpad je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm precedentem pro zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed ot\u00e1zky pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrany informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed ekonomickou hodnotu, i kdy\u017e nejsou uzn\u00e1ny jako autorsk\u00e1 d\u00edla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud m\u00e1 forma nebo zp\u016fsob vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed svou originalitu a kreativn\u011b vyjad\u0159uje my\u0161lenky sv\u00e9ho autora, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za d\u00edlo. Pokud jsou spln\u011bny v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1na autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va i na n\u00e1vodu k sestaven\u00ed modelu letadla, ale uzn\u00e1n\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v na kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy snadn\u00e9. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, i kdy\u017e nejsou uzn\u00e1na autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrana poskytnuta informac\u00edm, kter\u00fdm je p\u0159izn\u00e1na ekonomick\u00e1 hodnota. Ot\u00e1zka, zda je mo\u017en\u00e9 pova\u017eovat n\u011bco za d\u00edlo, a pokud ne, zda je mo\u017en\u00e9 uplatnit n\u011bjak\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi slo\u017eit\u00e1 a m\u016f\u017ee vy\u017eadovat odborn\u00e9 znalosti. Mohli byste nev\u011bdomky poru\u0161ovat autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed, nebo by mohla b\u00fdt poru\u0161ena va\u0161e pr\u00e1va. Pokud m\u00e1te pochybnosti, pora\u010fte se s advok\u00e1tem s bohat\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na texty a fotografie, kter\u00e9 n\u011bkdo vytvo\u0159il, se vztahuje &#8220;autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo&#8221;. Pokud n\u011bkdo bez povolen\u00ed kop\u00edruje text nebo fotografii, na kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k poru\u0161en\u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63503,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61220"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61220"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61220\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63504,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61220\/revisions\/63504"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63503"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61220"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61220"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61220"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}