{"id":61268,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:59","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61268"},"modified":"2024-03-27T12:02:15","modified_gmt":"2024-03-27T03:02:15","slug":"default-force-majeure-coronavirus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus","title":{"rendered":"Co je d\u016fsledkem nespln\u011bn\u00ed dluhu zp\u016fsoben\u00e9ho nov\u00fdm koronavirem a co je klauzule o nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ece?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Od roku 2020 (gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159), kdy jsme vstoupili do nov\u00e9ho roku, se nov\u00fd koronavirus (COVID-19) \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<br>S roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm n\u00e1kazy nov\u00fdm koronavirem m\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad v oblasti v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f doj\u00edt k situaci, kdy se v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i nakaz\u00ed a n\u00e1hle mus\u00ed p\u0159estat chodit do pr\u00e1ce.<br>A nejsem si jist\u00fd, \u017ee by nebylo m\u00e1lo podnikatel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed by byli zmateni, co d\u011blat, kdy\u017e se \u010del\u00ed krizi, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdvoje kv\u016fli tomuto a neschopnost dodr\u017eet term\u00edn stanoven\u00fd smlouvou.<br><br>Existuje klauzule o nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 s\u00edle, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 takovou situaci.<br>V smlouv\u011b o zad\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9mu je tato klauzule o nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 s\u00edle \u010dasto stanovena, ale zda se skute\u010dn\u011b vztahuje na nov\u00fd koronavirus, je t\u0159eba posoudit individu\u00e1ln\u011b. Proto se podrobn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na to, zda m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt klauzule o nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 s\u00edle uplatn\u011bna, pokud nem\u016f\u017eete splnit sv\u00e9 smluvn\u00ed z\u00e1vazky kv\u016fli nov\u00e9mu koronaviru, a co je to klauzule o nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 s\u00edle.<br><br>Co se t\u00fd\u010de obecn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9mu, podrobn\u011b to vysv\u011btlujeme v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/performance-delay-in-system-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/performance-delay-in-system-development[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Co_je_klauzule_o_vyssi_moci\" title=\"Co je klauzule o vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moci\">Co je klauzule o vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moci<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Co_je_vyssi_moc\" title=\"Co je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc\">Co je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Priklad_ustanoveni_klauzule_o_vyssi_moci\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edklad ustanoven\u00ed klauzule o vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moci\">P\u0159\u00edklad ustanoven\u00ed klauzule o vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moci<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Body_na_zvazeni_pri_uplatnovani_dolozky_o_nepredvidatelne_udalosti\" title=\"Body na zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed p\u0159i uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed dolo\u017eky o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti\">Body na zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed p\u0159i uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed dolo\u017eky o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Zarazeni_do_kategorie_nepredvidatelne_udalosti\" title=\"Za\u0159azen\u00ed do kategorie nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed do kategorie nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Pricinna_souvislost_mezi_nepredvidatelnou_udalosti_a_zpozdenim_v_plneni\" title=\"P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e1 souvislost mezi nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed a zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm v pln\u011bn\u00ed\">P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e1 souvislost mezi nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed a zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm v pln\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Priklady_soudnich_rozhodnuti_o_neprekonatelne_prekazce\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edklady soudn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed o nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ece\">P\u0159\u00edklady soudn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed o nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ece<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Kolaps_bublinove_ekonomiky\" title=\"Kolaps bublinov\u00e9 ekonomiky\">Kolaps bublinov\u00e9 ekonomiky<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Povodnove_skody_zpusobene_silnym_destem\" title=\"Povod\u0148ov\u00e9 \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 siln\u00fdm de\u0161t\u011bm\">Povod\u0148ov\u00e9 \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 siln\u00fdm de\u0161t\u011bm<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Pohled_soudu_na_neprekonatelnou_prekazku\" title=\"Pohled soud\u016f na nep\u0159ekonatelnou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku\">Pohled soud\u016f na nep\u0159ekonatelnou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Body_na_zvazeni_pri_novem_zavedeni_dolozky_o_nepredvidatelnych_okolnostech\" title=\"Body na zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed p\u0159i nov\u00e9m zaveden\u00ed dolo\u017eky o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch okolnostech\">Body na zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed p\u0159i nov\u00e9m zaveden\u00ed dolo\u017eky o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch okolnostech<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/default-force-majeure-coronavirus\/#Informace_o_tvorbe_a_revizi_smluv_nasi_kancelari\" title=\"Informace o tvorb\u011b a revizi smluv na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\">Informace o tvorb\u011b a revizi smluv na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_klauzule_o_vyssi_moci\"><\/span>Co je klauzule o vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moci<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/shutterstock_560581471-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8732\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Co je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc? A tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btl\u00edme p\u0159\u00edklady tohoto jevu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_vyssi_moc\"><\/span>Co je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc je vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ud\u00e1lost, kterou smluvn\u00ed strany nemohou ovl\u00e1dat.<br>Typick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edklady jsou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy jako tajfuny, zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed, povodn\u011b, tsunami, ale tak\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed jevy jako v\u00e1lky, nepokoje, terorismus.<br>Krom\u011b toho, m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee \u010dasto se do vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moci zahrnuje i vypuknut\u00ed nemoc\u00ed, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho koronaviru.<br>V r\u00e1mci japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, pokud dlu\u017en\u00edk nespln\u00ed sv\u00e9 povinnosti v\u010das, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt po\u017eadov\u00e1na n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody, ale pokud nespln\u011bn\u00ed povinnosti nen\u00ed zp\u016fsobeno dlu\u017en\u00edkovou vinou, je dlu\u017en\u00edk osvobozen od odpov\u011bdnosti.<br>V\u00fdskyt ud\u00e1lost\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moci, kter\u00e9 jsou definov\u00e1ny v klauzuli o vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moci, je p\u0159esn\u011b takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy nespln\u011bn\u00ed povinnosti nen\u00ed zp\u016fsobeno dlu\u017en\u00edkovou vinou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Priklad_ustanoveni_klauzule_o_vyssi_moci\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edklad ustanoven\u00ed klauzule o vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moci<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje mnoho variac\u00ed na to, jak se definuje klauzule o vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moci, ale typicky se jedn\u00e1 o n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background\">\u010cl\u00e1nek \u25cb (Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc)<br>Pokud jedna ze smluvn\u00edch stran zpozd\u00ed nebo nen\u00ed schopna splnit sv\u00e9 povinnosti podle t\u00e9to smlouvy nebo konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed smlouvy kv\u016fli n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm okolnostem, nebude za to nesla odpov\u011bdnost.<br> (1)P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy, po\u017e\u00e1ry a exploze<br> (2)N\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 nemoci<br> (3)V\u00e1lky a ob\u010dansk\u00e9 nepokoje<br> (4)Revoluce a rozpad st\u00e1tu<br> (5)Rozkazy ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 moci<br> (6)V\u00fdtr\u017enosti<br> (7)Jin\u00e9 situace podobn\u00e9 p\u0159edchoz\u00edm bod\u016fm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i stanoven\u00ed klauzule o vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moci v smlouv\u011b je obvykl\u00e9 vymezit konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moci, jak je uvedeno v p\u0159\u00edkladu v\u00fd\u0161e, a zahrnout tak\u00e9 v\u0161eobecnou klauzuli (bod (7)) pro p\u0159\u00edpady, kter\u00e9 nejsou v\u00fdslovn\u011b uvedeny.<br><br>Pokud je stanovena takov\u00e1 v\u0161eobecn\u00e1 klauzule, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b uveden\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady jsou pouze p\u0159\u00edklady a nejsou omezuj\u00edc\u00ed, tak\u017ee pokud nastane neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1 situace, je mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout flexibiln\u00edho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Body_na_zvazeni_pri_uplatnovani_dolozky_o_nepredvidatelne_udalosti\"><\/span>Body na zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed p\u0159i uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed dolo\u017eky o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/shutterstock_1674342475-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8736\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Jak\u00e9 podm\u00ednky mus\u00ed b\u00fdt spln\u011bny pro uplatn\u011bn\u00ed dolo\u017eky o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti v d\u016fsledku \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho koronaviru? <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Je-li nespln\u011bn\u00ed smluvn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f zp\u016fsobeno \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm nov\u00e9ho koronaviru, uplatn\u011bn\u00ed dolo\u017eky o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti se posuzuje individu\u00e1ln\u011b pro ka\u017edou smlouvu. Pro uplatn\u011bn\u00ed dolo\u017eky o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti je t\u0159eba splnit n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed dv\u011b podm\u00ednky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Ud\u00e1lost mus\u00ed spadat do kategorie &#8220;nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mus\u00ed existovat p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e1 souvislost mezi nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed a nespln\u011bn\u00edm z\u00e1vazku<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zarazeni_do_kategorie_nepredvidatelne_udalosti\"><\/span>Za\u0159azen\u00ed do kategorie nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee dolo\u017eka o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti specificky uv\u00e1d\u00ed &#8220;epidemie&#8221; nebo &#8220;naka\u017eliv\u00e1 nemoc&#8221;, m\u016f\u017ee se zd\u00e1t, \u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho viru by m\u011blo b\u00fdt bez debat za\u0159azeno do t\u011bchto kategori\u00ed a dolo\u017eka by m\u011bla b\u00fdt automaticky uplatn\u011bna. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, je t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho viru neznamen\u00e1 automaticky, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o &#8220;nemoc&#8221; nebo &#8220;naka\u017elivou nemoc&#8221; podle dolo\u017eky o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti. Jak jsme ji\u017e uvedli na za\u010d\u00e1tku, nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost mus\u00ed b\u00fdt na \u00farovni, kterou smluvn\u00ed strany nemohou kontrolovat. Pokud tomu tak nen\u00ed, nelze ospravedlnit osvobozen\u00ed od smluvn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f. Proto, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho viru pova\u017eovat za nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnou ud\u00e1lost, mus\u00ed nastat situace, kterou smluvn\u00ed strany nemohou kontrolovat sv\u00fdmi vlastn\u00edmi snahami, nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e jsou tov\u00e1rny nebo kancel\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00e9 jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro pln\u011bn\u00ed smlouvy, \u00fapln\u011b uzav\u0159eny kv\u016fli \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1kazy, nebo kdy\u017e dojde k v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9mu incidentu v telekomunika\u010dn\u00edch link\u00e1ch a pr\u00e1ce nepokra\u010duje podle pl\u00e1nu, nebo kdy\u017e se zbo\u017e\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro pln\u011bn\u00ed smlouvy nem\u016f\u017ee z\u00edskat kv\u016fli zastaven\u00ed dopravy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Naopak, pokud existuj\u00ed alternativn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed ceny pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f kv\u016fli \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho viru, ale materi\u00e1ly lze st\u00e1le z\u00edskat za vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ceny, nebo kdy\u017e je pracovi\u0161t\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro v\u00fdvoj syst\u00e9mu uzav\u0159eno, ale pr\u00e1ce m\u016f\u017ee pokra\u010dovat doma d\u00edky zaveden\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na d\u00e1lku, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee se nepova\u017euje za nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnou ud\u00e1lost, proto\u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 situaci kontrolovat \u00fasil\u00edm smluvn\u00edch stran. Co se t\u00fd\u010de \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho koronaviru, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee se bude pova\u017eovat za nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnou ud\u00e1lost v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy dojde k omezen\u00ed dopravy kv\u016fli vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho stavu ze strany st\u00e1tu a dod\u00e1n\u00ed se zpozd\u00ed, nebo kdy\u017e je n\u00e1hle vyhl\u00e1\u0161en z\u00e1kaz vych\u00e1zen\u00ed a pr\u00e1ce pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 pro pln\u011bn\u00ed smlouvy nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt provedena, proto\u017ee je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 situaci kontrolovat rozhodnut\u00edm nebo \u00fasil\u00edm smluvn\u00edch stran.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pricinna_souvislost_mezi_nepredvidatelnou_udalosti_a_zpozdenim_v_plneni\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e1 souvislost mezi nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed a zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm v pln\u011bn\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 osvobodit se od smluvn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, je nutn\u00e9, aby existovala p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e1 souvislost mezi nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed a nespln\u011bn\u00edm z\u00e1vazku. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud dojde k zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu b\u011bhem \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho koronaviru, ale p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je chyba v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e, osvobozen\u00ed od z\u00e1vazku samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nebude uzn\u00e1no. Je nespravedliv\u00e9, aby se v\u00fdsledkem n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho vzniku nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti stalo osvobozen\u00ed od z\u00e1vazku, kter\u00fd by norm\u00e1ln\u011b nebyl osvobozen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Priklady_soudnich_rozhodnuti_o_neprekonatelne_prekazce\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edklady soudn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed o nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ece<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/shutterstock_243766495-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8740\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">P\u0159edstav\u00edme p\u0159\u00edklady soudn\u00edch spor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se skute\u010dn\u011b odehr\u00e1ly v souvislosti s nep\u0159ekonatelnou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jako p\u0159\u00edklady soudn\u00edch spor\u016f, kde bylo diskutov\u00e1no, zda situace odpov\u00edd\u00e1 nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ece, m\u016f\u017eeme uv\u00e9st n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kolaps_bublinove_ekonomiky\"><\/span>Kolaps bublinov\u00e9 ekonomiky<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V soudn\u00edm sporu, kde bylo diskutov\u00e1no, zda ekonomick\u00e1 situace po kolapsu bublinov\u00e9 ekonomiky odpov\u00edd\u00e1 podm\u00ednce pro prodlou\u017een\u00ed doby udr\u017een\u00ed vkladu na \u010dlenstv\u00ed v golfov\u00e9m klubu, kterou je &#8220;p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofa, v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 ekonomick\u00e1 zm\u011bna nebo jin\u00e9 neodvratn\u00e9 okolnosti t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se provozu spole\u010dnosti a klubu&#8221;, soud rozhodl, \u017ee toto neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 &#8220;v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;V\u00fdrazn\u00e1 ekonomick\u00e1 zm\u011bna&#8221; je ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00e1 zm\u011bna na \u00farovni p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy, ale ekonomick\u00e1 situace po kolapsu bublinov\u00e9 ekonomiky, a\u010dkoli byla nev\u00eddan\u00e1 v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 dob\u011b, nebyla takov\u00e1, \u017ee by byla nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e1, a proto nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1na za spln\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to podm\u00ednky.<\/p>\n<cite>Tokijsk\u00fd okresn\u00ed soud, rozhodnut\u00ed ze dne 27. dubna 2005 (Heisei 17)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Povodnove_skody_zpusobene_silnym_destem\"><\/span>Povod\u0148ov\u00e9 \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 siln\u00fdm de\u0161t\u011bm<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, v soudn\u00edm sporu, kde bylo diskutov\u00e1no, zda oprav\u00e1rensk\u00fd podnik, kter\u00fd byl \u017ealovan\u00fdm, nese odpov\u011bdnost za n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody za nepln\u011bn\u00ed povinnosti p\u0159edat automobil, kter\u00fd byl zcela zni\u010den v d\u016fsledku povod\u0148ov\u00fdch \u0161kod zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch siln\u00fdm de\u0161t\u011bm v oblasti T\u00f3kai, soud rozhodl, \u017ee oprav\u00e1rensk\u00fd podnik nenese odpov\u011bdnost za nepln\u011bn\u00ed povinnosti. Jako d\u016fvod uvedl, \u017ee oprav\u00e1rensk\u00fd podnik nem\u011bl mo\u017enost p\u0159edv\u00eddat v\u00fdskyt siln\u00e9ho de\u0161t\u011b a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 povod\u0148ov\u00e9 \u0161kody, a tak\u00e9 nem\u011bl mo\u017enost zabr\u00e1nit \u0161kod\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u017dalovan\u00fd nemohl p\u0159edv\u00eddat, \u017ee dojde k v\u00fdskytu siln\u00e9ho de\u0161t\u011b, jako byl ten v T\u00f3kai, kter\u00fd byl bezprecedentn\u00ed a zp\u016fsobil velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek, a nemohl z\u0159\u00eddit krizov\u00fd management pro \u010del\u011bn\u00ed povodn\u00edm zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm takov\u00fdm siln\u00fdm de\u0161t\u011bm. Tak\u00e9, pokud vezmeme v \u00favahu, \u017ee siln\u00fd d\u00e9\u0161\u0165 v T\u00f3kai nezas\u00e1hl celou oblast bl\u00edzko m\u011bsta Nagoya stejn\u011b, a nav\u00edc, na rozd\u00edl od tajfunu, za\u010dal padat pomalu a celkov\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek bylo obrovsk\u00e9, nem\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee \u017ealovan\u00fd m\u011bl mo\u017enost v\u010das si v\u0161imnout v\u00fdvoje sr\u00e1\u017eek a p\u0159edv\u00eddat povod\u0148ov\u00e9 \u0161kody nebo potopen\u00ed automobilu. &#8230; \u017dalovan\u00fd nem\u011bl mo\u017enost zabr\u00e1nit potopen\u00ed a tot\u00e1ln\u00ed zni\u010den\u00ed automobilu.<\/p>\n<cite>Nagoya District Court, rozhodnut\u00ed ze dne 22. ledna 2003 (Heisei 15)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pohled_soudu_na_neprekonatelnou_prekazku\"><\/span>Pohled soud\u016f na nep\u0159ekonatelnou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch dvou p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f soudn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee pokud dojde k nepln\u011bn\u00ed povinnosti, soudy rozhoduj\u00ed o tom, zda je mo\u017en\u00e9 osvobodit se od odpov\u011bdnosti na z\u00e1klad\u011b nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e na z\u00e1klad\u011b doslovn\u00e9 interpretace klauzule o nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ece, z hlediska toho, zda bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159edv\u00eddat v\u00fdskyt \u0161kody a zda bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zabr\u00e1nit \u0161kod\u011b. Proto je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee soudy rozhoduj\u00ed o tom, zda je spravedliv\u00e9 uvalit odpov\u011bdnost na smluvn\u00ed strany.<br>Proto, i kdy\u017e, jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed Nagoya District Court ze dne 22. ledna 2003 (Heisei 15), klauzule o nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ece nen\u00ed v\u00fdslovn\u011b stanovena v smlouv\u011b, pokud lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee nepln\u011bn\u00ed povinnosti nen\u00ed zp\u016fsobeno n\u011b\u010d\u00edm, co by m\u011blo b\u00fdt p\u0159i\u010d\u00edt\u00e1no stran\u011b, soud m\u016f\u017ee uznat osvobozen\u00ed od odpov\u011bdnosti.<br>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee by nebylo smyslupln\u00e9 stanovit klauzuli o nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ece v smlouv\u011b.<br>Pokud je klauzule o nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ece v\u00fdslovn\u011b stanovena v smlouv\u011b, je snaz\u0161\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout dohody o osvobozen\u00ed od odpov\u011bdnosti prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi stranami, ani\u017e by bylo nutn\u00e9 se uch\u00fdlit k soudn\u00edmu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, tak\u017ee m\u00e1 smysl stanovit klauzuli o nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ece.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Body_na_zvazeni_pri_novem_zavedeni_dolozky_o_nepredvidatelnych_okolnostech\"><\/span>Body na zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed p\u0159i nov\u00e9m zaveden\u00ed dolo\u017eky o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch okolnostech<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/shutterstock_246833773-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8742\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Co je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit p\u0159i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed dolo\u017eky o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch okolnostech?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Situace jako je sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho koronaviru se nevyskytuje \u010dasto, ale pokud k n\u00ed dojde, m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd dopad na smluvn\u00ed vztahy.<br>Proto je nutn\u00e9 zav\u00e9st dolo\u017eku o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch okolnostech alespo\u0148 do d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch dlouhodob\u00fdch smluv.<br>Obecn\u011b se dolo\u017eka o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch okolnostech tvo\u0159\u00ed tak, \u017ee se v n\u00ed co nejkonkr\u00e9tn\u011bji vymezuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, a nakonec se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 &#8220;catch-all&#8221; dolo\u017eka typu &#8220;jin\u00e9 situace podobn\u00e9 p\u0159edchoz\u00edm bod\u016fm&#8221;. Slovo &#8220;nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 okolnosti&#8221; je samo o sob\u011b abstraktn\u00ed a pokud nastane ud\u00e1lost, kter\u00e1 by mohla b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnou, \u010dasto se mezi stranami vede spor o to, zda se jedn\u00e1 o nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnou okolnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed, aby dolo\u017eka o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch okolnostech co nejkonkr\u00e9tn\u011bji vymezovala p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159edv\u00eddatelnost pro ob\u011b strany.<br> Nap\u0159\u00edklad v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee jste zadavatelem syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje, budete cht\u00edt omezit rozsah nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed. Zadavatel m\u00e1 smluvn\u00ed povinnost platit odm\u011bnu, a pokud jde o povinnost platit pen\u00edze, je obecn\u011b uzn\u00e1v\u00e1no, \u017ee tato povinnost nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zpro\u0161t\u011bna ani v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee hlavn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjemcem v\u00fdhod dolo\u017eky o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch okolnostech v smlouv\u011b o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dodavatel. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je t\u0159eba jako zadavatel zv\u00e1\u017eit omezen\u00ed rozsahu konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din uveden\u00fdch v dolo\u017ece o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch okolnostech. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, &#8220;zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed&#8221;, kter\u00e9 je \u010dasto uvedeno jako p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebude vy\u017eadovat osvobozen\u00ed, pokud jde o zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed o intenzit\u011b 2-3. Proto je jednou z mo\u017enost\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u011b stanovit &#8220;velk\u00e9 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed&#8221; nebo &#8220;zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed o intenzit\u011b 6 a v\u00edce&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, pokud jste dodavatelem syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje, je t\u0159eba uv\u00e9st co nejv\u00edce mo\u017en\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed jako p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny v dolo\u017ece o nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch okolnostech.<br> Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud je v syst\u00e9mov\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji nezbytn\u00e9 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jednou z mo\u017enost\u00ed uv\u00e9st &#8220;poruchu komunika\u010dn\u00ed linky&#8221; jako p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu. Pokud jde o kontroln\u00ed body v smlouv\u011b o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu na z\u00e1klad\u011b smlouvy o d\u00edlo, podrobn\u011b je vysv\u011btlujeme v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/checkpoints-for-contracts-of-system-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/checkpoints-for-contracts-of-system-development[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Infekce zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 nov\u00fdm koronavirem, kter\u00e1 se tentokr\u00e1t roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, vedla k opat\u0159en\u00edm omezuj\u00edc\u00edm ekonomickou aktivitu, v\u010detn\u011b z\u00e1kazu vych\u00e1zen\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u011bstech.<br>Pokud dojde k situaci, kdy st\u00e1t vyhla\u0161uje nouzov\u00fd stav nebo uzav\u00edr\u00e1 m\u011bsta, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy lze uplatnit osvobozen\u00ed od odpov\u011bdnosti kv\u016fli nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 s\u00edle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159esto, pokud se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee dojde k nespln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1vazk\u016f v d\u016fsledku ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 s\u00edle, m\u011blo by se nejprve rozhodnout o opat\u0159en\u00edch, jako je odklad term\u00ednu, po konzultaci mezi smluvn\u00edmi stranami.<br>Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 se co nejd\u0159\u00edve poradit se smluvn\u00edm partnerem, pokud se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 dodr\u017eet term\u00edn.<br>Zda existuje prostor pro osvobozen\u00ed od odpov\u011bdnosti kv\u016fli nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e9 s\u00edle v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z\u00e1vis\u00ed na okolnostech, kter\u00e9 vedly k prodlen\u00ed, tak\u017ee pokud se jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s obchodn\u00edm partnerem nezd\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9, doporu\u010dujeme se poradit s odborn\u00edkem, jako je pr\u00e1vn\u00edk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Informace_o_tvorbe_a_revizi_smluv_nasi_kancelari\"><\/span>Informace o tvorb\u011b a revizi smluv na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolis, kter\u00e1 se specializuje na IT, internet a obchod, nab\u00edz\u00ed sv\u00fdm klient\u016fm a poradensk\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 slu\u017eby souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s tvorbou a reviz\u00ed smluv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud m\u00e1te z\u00e1jem, pod\u00edvejte se pros\u00edm na podrobnosti n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/contractcreation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/contractcreation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Od roku 2020 (gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159), kdy jsme vstoupili do nov\u00e9ho roku, se nov\u00fd koronavirus (COVID-19) \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.S roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm n\u00e1kazy nov\u00fdm koronavirem m\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad v oblasti v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63447,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[25,24],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61268"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61268"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63448,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61268\/revisions\/63448"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}