{"id":61275,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:59","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61275"},"modified":"2024-03-26T06:56:44","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T21:56:44","slug":"effectiveness-of-the-prohibition-on-changing-jobs-of-other-companies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/effectiveness-of-the-prohibition-on-changing-jobs-of-other-companies","title":{"rendered":"Je mo\u017en\u00e9 zak\u00e1zat p\u0159echod k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firm\u011b v r\u00e1mci povinnosti nekonkurence ve smlouv\u011b o zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Jako riziko pro firmy, kter\u00e9 vznik\u00e1, kdy\u017e zam\u011bstnanec zm\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, lze uva\u017eovat o tom, \u017ee informace a know-how firmy budou odneseny a vyu\u017eity mimo firmu. Jako zp\u016fsob, jak se vyhnout tomuto riziku, lze zv\u00e1\u017eit zahrnut\u00ed klauzule o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firm\u011b do pracovn\u00ed smlouvy a ulo\u017een\u00ed povinnosti zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm se vyhnout konkurenci. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit platnost klauzule o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firm\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b povinnosti se vyhnout konkurenci, proto\u017ee omezuje svobodu zam\u011bstnanc\u016f volit si sv\u00e9 povol\u00e1n\u00ed v souvislosti se svobodou volby povol\u00e1n\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 22 odstavec 1 Japonsk\u00e9 \u00fastavy). V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku vysv\u011btl\u00edme platnost klauzule o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firm\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b povinnosti se vyhnout konkurenci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/difference-contract-dispatch-loan-labor-supply\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/difference-contract-dispatch-loan-labor-supply[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/effectiveness-of-the-prohibition-on-changing-jobs-of-other-companies\/#Co_je_to_klauzule_o_zakazu_prechodu_k_konkurencni_spolecnosti\" title=\"Co je to klauzule o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti\">Co je to klauzule o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/effectiveness-of-the-prohibition-on-changing-jobs-of-other-companies\/#Platnost_klauzule_zakazujici_prechod_k_konkurencni_spolecnosti_vztah_k_svobode_volby_povolani\" title=\"Platnost klauzule zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159echod k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti (vztah k svobod\u011b volby povol\u00e1n\u00ed)\">Platnost klauzule zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159echod k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti (vztah k svobod\u011b volby povol\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/effectiveness-of-the-prohibition-on-changing-jobs-of-other-companies\/#Kriteria_pro_posouzeni_platnosti_klauzule_zakazujici_prechod_k_konkurencni_firme_na_zaklade_povinnosti_nekonkurovat\" title=\"Krit\u00e9ria pro posouzen\u00ed platnosti klauzule zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159echod k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firm\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b povinnosti nekonkurovat\">Krit\u00e9ria pro posouzen\u00ed platnosti klauzule zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159echod k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firm\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b povinnosti nekonkurovat<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/effectiveness-of-the-prohibition-on-changing-jobs-of-other-companies\/#Doba_konkurencniho_zakazu\" title=\"Doba konkuren\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1kazu\">Doba konkuren\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1kazu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/effectiveness-of-the-prohibition-on-changing-jobs-of-other-companies\/#Oblasti_s_omezenim_konkurence\" title=\"Oblasti s omezen\u00edm konkurence\">Oblasti s omezen\u00edm konkurence<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/effectiveness-of-the-prohibition-on-changing-jobs-of-other-companies\/#Rozsah_zakazanych_cinnosti\" title=\"Rozsah zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed\">Rozsah zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/effectiveness-of-the-prohibition-on-changing-jobs-of-other-companies\/#Status_a_pozice_zakazanych_subjektu\" title=\"Status a pozice zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch subjekt\u016f\">Status a pozice zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch subjekt\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/effectiveness-of-the-prohibition-on-changing-jobs-of-other-companies\/#Dostatecnost_kompenzacnich_opatreni\" title=\"Dostate\u010dnost kompenza\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed\">Dostate\u010dnost kompenza\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/effectiveness-of-the-prohibition-on-changing-jobs-of-other-companies\/#Odpovednost_pracovnika_v_pripade_poruseni_klauzule_o_zakazu_prechodu_k_konkurencnimu_podniku_kvuli_povinnosti_nekonkurovat\" title=\"Odpov\u011bdnost pracovn\u00edka v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed klauzule o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu k konkuren\u010dn\u00edmu podniku kv\u016fli povinnosti nekonkurovat\">Odpov\u011bdnost pracovn\u00edka v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed klauzule o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu k konkuren\u010dn\u00edmu podniku kv\u016fli povinnosti nekonkurovat<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/effectiveness-of-the-prohibition-on-changing-jobs-of-other-companies\/#O_dobu_trvani_klauzule_zakazujici_prechod_k_konkurencni_firme_na_zaklade_povinnosti_nekonkurovat\" title=\"O dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed klauzule zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159echod k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firm\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b povinnosti nekonkurovat\">O dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed klauzule zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159echod k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firm\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b povinnosti nekonkurovat<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/effectiveness-of-the-prohibition-on-changing-jobs-of-other-companies\/#Priklad_ustanoveni_o_zakazu_prechodu_do_konkurencni_firmy_v_dusledku_povinnosti_zamezit_konkurenci\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edklad ustanoven\u00ed o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu do konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firmy v d\u016fsledku povinnosti zamezit konkurenci\">P\u0159\u00edklad ustanoven\u00ed o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu do konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firmy v d\u016fsledku povinnosti zamezit konkurenci<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/effectiveness-of-the-prohibition-on-changing-jobs-of-other-companies\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_to_klauzule_o_zakazu_prechodu_k_konkurencni_spolecnosti\"><\/span>Co je to klauzule o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/shutterstock_540406294-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5684\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">N\u011bkdy je klauzule o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti p\u0159edem stanovena v pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Klauzule o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti na z\u00e1klad\u011b povinnosti nekonkurovat je ustanoven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 stanovuje povinnost zam\u011bstnance nepracovat pro konkuren\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti nebo nezakl\u00e1dat vlastn\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. Pokud jde o povinnost nekonkurovat, pokud je zam\u011bstnanec st\u00e1le zam\u011bstn\u00e1n, je tato povinnost uzn\u00e1na na z\u00e1klad\u011b principu dobr\u00e9 v\u00edry, i kdy\u017e nen\u00ed v pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 stanovena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, pokud zam\u011bstnanec odejde, nelze povinnost nekonkurovat uznat na z\u00e1klad\u011b principu dobr\u00e9 v\u00edry, proto\u017ee pracovn\u00ed smlouva ji\u017e skon\u010dila. Proto, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 uvalit na zam\u011bstnance povinnost nekonkurovat, je t\u0159eba klauzuli o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti p\u0159edem stanovit v pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b, nebo kdy\u017e zam\u011bstnanec odch\u00e1z\u00ed, uzav\u0159\u00edt dohodu nebo po\u017e\u00e1dat o pod\u00e1n\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed pod p\u0159\u00edsahou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/conclusion-of-retirement-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/conclusion-of-retirement-agreement[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Platnost_klauzule_zakazujici_prechod_k_konkurencni_spolecnosti_vztah_k_svobode_volby_povolani\"><\/span>Platnost klauzule zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159echod k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti (vztah k svobod\u011b volby povol\u00e1n\u00ed)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 po skon\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru uvalit povinnost zamezit konkurenci, lze zv\u00e1\u017eit metodu stanoven\u00ed klauzule zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159echod k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti v pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b, jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e. Av\u0161ak i kdy\u017e je v pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b stanovena klauzule zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159echod k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, jej\u00ed platnost nen\u00ed v\u017edy uzn\u00e1na vzhledem k svobod\u011b volby povol\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edka. Klauzule zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159echod k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti m\u016f\u017ee omezit svobodu volby povol\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edka (\u010dl\u00e1nek 22 odstavec 1 Japonsk\u00e9 \u00fastavy) a pokud je toto omezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 siln\u00e9, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za poru\u0161en\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho po\u0159\u00e1dku a dobr\u00fdch mrav\u016f a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt shled\u00e1no neplatn\u00fdm. Proto je t\u0159eba p\u0159i stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed klauzule zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159echod k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti v pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b uv\u011bdomit si, jak\u00fd obsah bude pova\u017eov\u00e1n za platn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kriteria_pro_posouzeni_platnosti_klauzule_zakazujici_prechod_k_konkurencni_firme_na_zaklade_povinnosti_nekonkurovat\"><\/span>Krit\u00e9ria pro posouzen\u00ed platnosti klauzule zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159echod k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firm\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b povinnosti nekonkurovat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik soudn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se platnosti klauzule zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159echod k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firm\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b povinnosti nekonkurovat, kter\u00e9 bychom v\u00e1m r\u00e1di p\u0159edstavili. Ve v\u011bci Foseco Japan Limited (rozhodnut\u00ed nara\u0161sk\u00e9ho soudu ze dne 23. \u0159\u00edjna 1970 (Showa 45), rozhodnut\u00ed \u010d. 624, strana 78) bylo o platnosti takov\u00e9 klauzule uvedeno n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Pokud omezen\u00ed konkurence p\u0159esahuje rozumn\u00e9 hranice a nespravedliv\u011b omezuje svobodu volby povol\u00e1n\u00ed dlu\u017en\u00edk\u016f a ohro\u017euje jejich existenci, je takov\u00e9 omezen\u00ed v rozporu s ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm po\u0159\u00e1dkem a dobr\u00fdmi mravy a je neplatn\u00e9. P\u0159i ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto rozumn\u00fdch hranic je t\u0159eba pe\u010dliv\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit <u>doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed omezen\u00ed<\/u>, <u>geografick\u00fd rozsah<\/u>, <u>rozsah omezen\u00fdch povol\u00e1n\u00ed<\/u>, <u>p\u0159\u00edtomnost nebo nep\u0159\u00edtomnost kompenzace<\/u> z hlediska <u>zaj\u00edm\u016f v\u011b\u0159itele (ochrana obchodn\u00edch tajemstv\u00ed)<\/u>, <u>nev\u00fdhody dlu\u017en\u00edka (omezen\u00ed p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/u> a <u>spole\u010densk\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy (riziko monopolizace a s t\u00edm spojen\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy spot\u0159ebitel\u016f)<\/u> (podtr\u017een\u00ed od autora).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve v\u011bci Tokyo Legal Mind (rozhodnut\u00ed tokijsk\u00e9ho soudu ze dne 16. \u0159\u00edjna 1995 (Heisei 7), rozhodnut\u00ed \u010d. 690, strana 75) bylo o platnosti takov\u00e9 klauzule uvedeno n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Je t\u0159eba posoudit, jak\u00e9 postaven\u00ed m\u011bl zam\u011bstnanec u zam\u011bstnavatele, jak\u00e9 povinnosti vykon\u00e1val, jak byla v dan\u00e9 smlouv\u011b stanovena doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kazu konkurence, geografick\u00fd rozsah a c\u00edlov\u00e9 povol\u00e1n\u00ed, jak\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed omezen\u00ed budou m\u00edt na zam\u011bstnance nebo \u0159editele po odchodu z firmy, zda je nutn\u00e9 zam\u011bstnanci po odchodu z firmy ulo\u017eit povinnost nekonkurovat a sn\u00e1\u0161et s t\u00edm spojen\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody pro ochranu obchodn\u00edch tajemstv\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatele a zda tyto nev\u00fdhody nep\u0159esahuj\u00ed nezbytnou m\u00edru. A\u010dkoli pro uzn\u00e1n\u00ed platnosti takov\u00e9 smlouvy nen\u00ed nezbytn\u011b nutn\u00e9, \u017ee zam\u011bstnavatel p\u0159ijal <u>opat\u0159en\u00ed kompenzace<\/u> za ulo\u017een\u00ed povinnosti nekonkurovat, m\u011blo by se to pova\u017eovat za dopl\u0148kov\u00fd d\u016fvod k zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed (podtr\u017een\u00ed od autora).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Platnost klauzule zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159echod k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firm\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b povinnosti nekonkurovat se posuzuje ne podle standardn\u00edch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed, ale individu\u00e1ln\u011b v souvislosti s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi okolnostmi, jak je uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e. Soudn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed se zdaj\u00ed posuzovat platnost na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch prvk\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Doba_konkurencniho_zakazu\"><\/span>Doba konkuren\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1kazu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dlouh\u00e1 doba konkuren\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1kazu m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit platnost klauzule o z\u00e1kazu zm\u011bny zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed ve sm\u011bru jej\u00edho pop\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Doba je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem p\u0159i posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed platnosti povinnosti zdr\u017eet se konkurence. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, soudy nerozhoduj\u00ed o platnosti klauzule o z\u00e1kazu zm\u011bny zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b doby konkuren\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1kazu, tedy \u017ee kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 doba znamen\u00e1 platnost a dlouh\u00e1 doba neplatnost. Rozhoduj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho, zda je doba konkuren\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1kazu vhodn\u00e1 v kontextu ostatn\u00edch okolnost\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Shin-Osaka Trade (rozsudek soudu v \u00d3sace ze dne 15. \u0159\u00edjna 1991 (rozsudek 596\/1991)) bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee doba konkuren\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1kazu t\u0159i roky nen\u00ed nerozumn\u00e1, p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnuv\u0161e k n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm okolnostem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u0158editel obchodn\u00edho odd\u011blen\u00ed po sv\u00e9m odchodu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nevyu\u017eil informace o z\u00e1kazn\u00edc\u00edch a p\u0159ebral klienty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u0159i odchodu z firmy p\u0159et\u00e1hl dva zam\u011bstnance a s\u00e1m prov\u00e1d\u011bl aktivity, kter\u00e9 sni\u017eovaly konkurenceschopnost firmy, ve kter\u00e9 byl p\u0159ed odchodem zam\u011bstn\u00e1n, nap\u0159\u00edklad t\u00edm, \u017ee ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee firma toleruje konkuren\u010dn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Tokyo Freight Company (rozsudek soudu v Urawa ze dne 27. ledna 1997 (rozsudek 1618\/1997, strana 115)) byla klauzule o z\u00e1kazu zm\u011bny zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed bez omezen\u00ed doby (t\u0159i roky), oblasti a typu pr\u00e1ce a bez kompenza\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed shled\u00e1na neplatnou, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e byly zohledn\u011bny i okolnosti vzniku klauzule o z\u00e1kazu zm\u011bny zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Oblasti_s_omezenim_konkurence\"><\/span>Oblasti s omezen\u00edm konkurence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160irok\u00fd rozsah oblasti s omezen\u00edm konkurence m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit ve prosp\u011bch zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed platnosti klauzule o z\u00e1kazu zm\u011bny zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de oblasti s omezen\u00edm konkurence, neplat\u00ed, \u017ee by klauzule o z\u00e1kazu zm\u011bny zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed byla automaticky neplatn\u00e1, pokud je oblast neomezen\u00e1, nebo platn\u00e1, pokud je oblast omezen\u00e1. M\u00edsto toho se posuzuje, zda je oblast s omezen\u00edm konkurence vhodn\u00e1 v kontextu ostatn\u00edch okolnost\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b spole\u010dnosti Foseco Japan Limited (rozhodnut\u00ed soudu v Nara, 23. \u0159\u00edjna 1970 (Showa 45), rozhodnut\u00ed \u010d. 624, strana 78) bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee klauzule o z\u00e1kazu zm\u011bny zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed je platn\u00e1, i kdy\u017e je oblast s omezen\u00edm konkurence neomezen\u00e1, proto\u017ee obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnost spole\u010dnosti, ve kter\u00e9 byl zam\u011bstnanec p\u0159ed odchodem do d\u016fchodu, byla v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b specializovan\u00e1 a doba omezen\u00ed konkurence byla relativn\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, toti\u017e dva roky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozsah_zakazanych_cinnosti\"><\/span>Rozsah zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160irok\u00fd rozsah zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit platnost klauzule o z\u00e1kazu zm\u011bny zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed ve sm\u011bru jej\u00edho pop\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpadu Asahi Pretec (rozsudek Fukuoka District Court, Heisei 19.10.5, tj. 5. \u0159\u00edjna 2007) byla klauzule o z\u00e1kazu zm\u011bny zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla definov\u00e1na jako &#8220;v\u0161ichni obchodn\u00ed partne\u0159i firmy, u kter\u00e9 je osoba zam\u011bstn\u00e1na&#8221;, ozna\u010dena za neplatnou, proto\u017ee bylo pouk\u00e1z\u00e1no na to, \u017ee &#8220;rozsah (typ a oblast) obchod\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem z\u00e1kazu konkurence, je \u0161irok\u00fd&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Status_a_pozice_zakazanych_subjektu\"><\/span>Status a pozice zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch subjekt\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Je-li c\u00edlem osoba s vysok\u00fdm postaven\u00edm nebo pozic\u00ed, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee se setk\u00e1v\u00e1 s d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi informacemi nebo informacemi s vysokou m\u00edrou d\u016fv\u011brnosti, co\u017e podporuje platnost klauzule o z\u00e1kazu zm\u011bny zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b spole\u010dnosti Foseco Japan Limited (Nara District Court, Showa 45 (1970), 23. \u0159\u00edjna, rozhodnut\u00ed \u010d. 624, strana 78) byla klauzule o z\u00e1kazu zm\u011bny zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed platn\u00e1 pro zam\u011bstnance, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli p\u0159\u00edstup k technick\u00fdm tajemstv\u00edm spole\u010dnosti, ve kter\u00e9 byli zam\u011bstn\u00e1ni p\u0159ed odchodem do d\u016fchodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed nezach\u00e1zej\u00ed s d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi informacemi spole\u010dnosti, je \u010dasto klauzule o z\u00e1kazu zm\u011bny zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1na za neplatnou. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b spole\u010dnosti Kiyoshi System (Osaka District Court, Heisei 12 (2000), 19. \u010dervna, rozhodnut\u00ed \u010d. 791, strana 8), byla klauzule o z\u00e1kazu zm\u011bny zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed pro d\u011bln\u00edky pova\u017eov\u00e1na za neplatnou, proto\u017ee jejich pr\u00e1ce byla jednoduch\u00e1 a d\u011bln\u00edci nem\u011bli p\u0159\u00edstup k know-how spole\u010dnosti. Bylo tak\u00e9 zohledn\u011bno, \u017ee nebyla provedena \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 kompenza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, a platnost klauzule o z\u00e1kazu zm\u011bny zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed na dobu \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f byla pop\u0159ena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dostatecnost_kompenzacnich_opatreni\"><\/span>Dostate\u010dnost kompenza\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud jsou p\u0159ijata dostate\u010dn\u00e1 kompenza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, p\u016fsob\u00ed to ve prosp\u011bch potvrzen\u00ed platnosti klauzule o z\u00e1kazu zm\u011bny zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpadu Aflac (rozhodnut\u00ed Tokijsk\u00e9ho soudu, 30.9.2010 (2010), pracovn\u00ed soud 1024, strana 86) bylo pro v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 \u0159editele zv\u00e1\u017eeno, \u017ee na z\u00e1klad\u011b postaven\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho \u0159editele dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed vysok\u00fd ro\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem, jsou jim p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1ny akcie a dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 odstupn\u00e9. Vzhledem k t\u011bmto okolnostem bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee klauzule o z\u00e1kazu zm\u011bny zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla stanovena na dva roky, je platn\u00e1 po dobu jednoho roku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, v p\u0159\u00edpadu Tokio Freight Company (rozhodnut\u00ed Urawa District Court, 27.1.1997 (1997), soudn\u00ed \u010das 1618, strana 115) bylo zohledn\u011bno, \u017ee bylo vyplaceno m\u00e9n\u011b odstupn\u00e9ho ne\u017e obvykle, a bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee to nejsou dostate\u010dn\u00e1 kompenza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kazu konkuren\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnosti. Tak\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpadu New Japan Science (rozhodnut\u00ed Osaka District Court, 22.1.2003 (2003), pracovn\u00ed soud 846, strana 39) nebylo vyplaceno \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 odstupn\u00e9 jako kompenza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed a bylo zohledn\u011bno, \u017ee b\u011bhem zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed byla vyplacena pouze m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed platba 4000 jen\u016f za udr\u017een\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed, a bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee to nejsou dostate\u010dn\u00e1 kompenza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kazu konkuren\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Odpovednost_pracovnika_v_pripade_poruseni_klauzule_o_zakazu_prechodu_k_konkurencnimu_podniku_kvuli_povinnosti_nekonkurovat\"><\/span>Odpov\u011bdnost pracovn\u00edka v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed klauzule o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu k konkuren\u010dn\u00edmu podniku kv\u016fli povinnosti nekonkurovat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/shutterstock_304560263-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5685\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jak\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159ijata v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed platn\u00e9 klauzule o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu k jin\u00e9mu zam\u011bstnavateli?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je klauzule o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu k konkuren\u010dn\u00edmu podniku platn\u00e1 a zam\u011bstnanec ji poru\u0161\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee firma m\u016f\u017ee po\u017eadovat n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody za nespln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1vazk\u016f nebo \u017e\u00e1dost o zastaven\u00ed konkuren\u010dn\u00edch aktivit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, \u017e\u00e1dost o zastaven\u00ed konkuren\u010dn\u00edch aktivit, na rozd\u00edl od n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody, siln\u011b omezuje svobodu zam\u011bstnance ve v\u00fdb\u011bru povol\u00e1n\u00ed. Aby byla uzn\u00e1na, je t\u0159eba prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee krom\u011b toho, \u017ee v pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b je ustanoven\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed zastaven\u00ed konkuren\u010dn\u00edch aktivit, by byla spole\u010dnosti zp\u016fsobena nevratn\u00e1 \u0161koda, pokud by se na to nereagovalo (viz p\u0159edchoz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad Foseco Japan Limited).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_dobu_trvani_klauzule_zakazujici_prechod_k_konkurencni_firme_na_zaklade_povinnosti_nekonkurovat\"><\/span>O dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed klauzule zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159echod k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firm\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b povinnosti nekonkurovat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed klauzule zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159echod k konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firm\u011b mus\u00ed b\u00fdt stanovena s ohledem na ve\u0159ejn\u00fd po\u0159\u00e1dek a dobr\u00e9 mravy. Pokud je tato doba p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1na za neplatnou. V praxi se \u010dasto setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s p\u0159\u00edpady, kde je tato doba stanovena na dva roky, nej\u010dast\u011bji v\u0161ak na t\u0159i roky. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, zp\u016fsob stanoven\u00ed t\u00e9to doby z\u00e1vis\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadu, a je tedy nutn\u00e9 stanovit vhodnou dobu v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch okolnostech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Priklad_ustanoveni_o_zakazu_prechodu_do_konkurencni_firmy_v_dusledku_povinnosti_zamezit_konkurenci\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edklad ustanoven\u00ed o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu do konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firmy v d\u016fsledku povinnosti zamezit konkurenci<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jako p\u0159\u00edklad ustanoven\u00ed o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu do konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firmy v d\u016fsledku povinnosti zamezit konkurenci lze uv\u00e9st nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-very-light-gray-background-color has-background\">\u010cl\u00e1nek \u25cb (Z\u00e1kaz konkurence)<br>Zam\u011bstnanci je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no provozovat podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 konkuruje s firmou, nebo b\u00fdt zam\u011bstn\u00e1n u konkuren\u010dn\u00ed firmy, a to nejen b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 po dobu 2 let po ukon\u010den\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, a to bez povolen\u00ed firmy.<br>\u010cl\u00e1nek \u25cb (\u017d\u00e1dost o zastaven\u00ed)<br>1. Firma m\u016f\u017ee po\u017eadovat, aby zam\u011bstnanec okam\u017eit\u011b zastavil konkurenci, pokud poru\u0161uje ustanoven\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00edho odstavce.<br>2. Tato \u017e\u00e1dost mus\u00ed b\u00fdt provedena prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm doporu\u010den\u00e9 po\u0161ty s potvrzen\u00edm o doru\u010den\u00ed a mus\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u011bt term\u00edn, do kter\u00e9ho mus\u00ed zam\u011bstnanec odpov\u011bd\u011bt firm\u011b.<br>3. Pokud do stanoven\u00e9ho term\u00ednu nedojde k odpov\u011bdi, pova\u017euje se to za neochotu zastavit konkurenci.<br>\u010cl\u00e1nek \u25cb (\u017d\u00e1dost o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody)<br>Firma m\u016f\u017ee po\u017eadovat n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody od zam\u011bstnance, pokud firma utrp\u00ed \u0161kodu v d\u016fsledku konkurence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e jsme vysv\u011btlili platnost klauzule o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu k konkuren\u010dn\u00edm spole\u010dnostem na z\u00e1klad\u011b povinnosti nekonkurovat v pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b. Existuje riziko, \u017ee d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 know-how spole\u010dnosti m\u016f\u017ee uniknout ven kv\u016fli konkuren\u010dn\u00edm aktivit\u00e1m zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, tak\u017ee je nezbytn\u00e9 pe\u010dliv\u011b stanovit klauzuli o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu k konkuren\u010dn\u00edm spole\u010dnostem na z\u00e1klad\u011b povinnosti nekonkurovat v pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b. Ob\u010das dost\u00e1v\u00e1me ot\u00e1zky od pr\u00e1vn\u00edch z\u00e1stupc\u016f spole\u010dnost\u00ed, zda je mo\u017en\u00e9 stanovit dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed povinnosti nekonkurovat na neur\u010dito, ale je t\u0159eba b\u00fdt opatrn\u00fd, proto\u017ee pokud je doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed povinnosti nekonkurovat stanovena na neur\u010dito, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u010d\u00e1st, kter\u00e1 je v rozporu s ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm po\u0159\u00e1dkem a dobr\u00fdmi mravy, pova\u017eov\u00e1na za neplatnou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de klauzule o z\u00e1kazu p\u0159echodu k konkuren\u010dn\u00edm spole\u010dnostem na z\u00e1klad\u011b povinnosti nekonkurovat v pracovn\u00ed smlouv\u011b, je t\u0159eba ji posuzovat individu\u00e1ln\u011b v souvislosti s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi okolnostmi, jak je uvedeno v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku, tak\u017ee je vhodn\u00e9 z\u00edskat radu od pr\u00e1vn\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/non-competition-effectiveness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/non-competition-effectiveness[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jako riziko pro firmy, kter\u00e9 vznik\u00e1, kdy\u017e zam\u011bstnanec zm\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, lze uva\u017eovat o tom, \u017ee informace a know-how firmy budou odneseny a vyu\u017eity mimo firmu. Jako zp\u016fsob, jak se vyhnout tomuto riziku, lze [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63192,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[25,24],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61275"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61275"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61275\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63193,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61275\/revisions\/63193"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63192"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}