{"id":61289,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:59","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61289"},"modified":"2025-12-16T13:15:58","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T04:15:58","slug":"system-development-contract","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/system-development-contract","title":{"rendered":"Dohoda o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu: Je mo\u017en\u00e9 ji uzav\u0159\u00edt i bez smlouvy?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V oblasti v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f nen\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i pokra\u010duj\u00ed v pr\u00e1ci je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed vytvo\u0159en\u00edm smlouvy. Tento postup je v\u0161ak v praxi &#8220;rizikov\u00fd&#8221;. Pokud nebyla smlouva vytvo\u0159ena, existuje riziko, \u017ee pokud dojde pozd\u011bji k probl\u00e9m\u016fm, zadavatel m\u016f\u017ee tvrdit, \u017ee smlouva je\u0161t\u011b nebyla uzav\u0159ena a proto nen\u00ed t\u0159eba platit odm\u011bnu. Ve skute\u010dn\u00fdch sporech t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f se \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee se diskutuje o uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy a v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i jsou \u010dasto posuzov\u00e1ni nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b. Pro v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e existuje riziko, \u017ee pokud zadavatel zastav\u00ed projekt nebo p\u0159ejde k jin\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 dostat zaplaceno. Nav\u00edc, jak bude pops\u00e1no n\u00ed\u017ee, i kdy\u017e byla smlouva vytvo\u0159ena, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy pop\u0159eno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde vysv\u011btl\u00edme, zda byla smlouva o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu uzav\u0159ena a jak\u00fd je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro po\u017eadov\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bz, pokud nebylo uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy uzn\u00e1no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/system-development-contract\/#Uzavreni_smlouvy\" title=\"Uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy\">Uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/system-development-contract\/#Uzavreni_smlouvy_o_vyvoji_systemu\" title=\"Uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu\">Uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/system-development-contract\/#Pozadavek_na_penize_v_pripade_zruseni_po_uzavreni_smlouvy_o_vyvoji_systemu\" title=\"Po\u017eadavek na pen\u00edze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zru\u0161en\u00ed po uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu\">Po\u017eadavek na pen\u00edze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zru\u0161en\u00ed po uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/system-development-contract\/#Uspech_nebo_neuspech_smlouvy_o_vyvoji_systemu\" title=\"\u00dasp\u011bch nebo ne\u00fasp\u011bch smlouvy o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu\">\u00dasp\u011bch nebo ne\u00fasp\u011bch smlouvy o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/system-development-contract\/#Specificnost_obsahu_systemu\" title=\"Specifi\u010dnost obsahu syst\u00e9mu\">Specifi\u010dnost obsahu syst\u00e9mu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/system-development-contract\/#Dodavatel_predklada_nabidku_a_specifikace_uzivatel_schvaluje_a_objednava\" title=\"Dodavatel p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 nab\u00eddku a specifikace, u\u017eivatel schvaluje a objedn\u00e1v\u00e1\">Dodavatel p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 nab\u00eddku a specifikace, u\u017eivatel schvaluje a objedn\u00e1v\u00e1<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/system-development-contract\/#Po_jednani_o_specifikacich_atd_mezi_dodavatelem_a_uzivatelem\" title=\"Po jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o specifikac\u00edch atd. mezi dodavatelem a u\u017eivatelem\">Po jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o specifikac\u00edch atd. mezi dodavatelem a u\u017eivatelem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/system-development-contract\/#Dodavatel_predklada_specifikace_a_nabidku_uzivatel_je_schvaluje_a_objednava\" title=\"Dodavatel p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 specifikace a nab\u00eddku, u\u017eivatel je schvaluje a objedn\u00e1v\u00e1\">Dodavatel p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 specifikace a nab\u00eddku, u\u017eivatel je schvaluje a objedn\u00e1v\u00e1<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/system-development-contract\/#Uctovani_dohody\" title=\"\u00da\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed dohody\">\u00da\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed dohody<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/system-development-contract\/#Pravni_struktura_pro_naroky_na_penize_v_pripade_ze_nebyla_uzavrena_smlouva\" title=\"Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed struktura pro n\u00e1roky na pen\u00edze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee nebyla uzav\u0159ena smlouva\">Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed struktura pro n\u00e1roky na pen\u00edze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee nebyla uzav\u0159ena smlouva<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/system-development-contract\/#Chyba_pri_uzavirani_smlouvy\" title=\"Chyba p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy\">Chyba p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/system-development-contract\/#Clanek_512_Japonskeho_obchodniho_zakoniku\" title=\"\u010cl\u00e1nek 512 Japonsk\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku\">\u010cl\u00e1nek 512 Japonsk\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/system-development-contract\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uzavreni_smlouvy\"><\/span>Uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Smlouva je uzav\u0159ena, pokud ob\u011b strany souhlas\u00ed se v\u0161emi jej\u00edmi prvky (shoda mezi projevem v\u016fle k nab\u00eddce a projevem v\u016fle k p\u0159ijet\u00ed). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy jsou ob\u011b strany v\u00e1z\u00e1ny jej\u00edm obsahem a pokud jedna strana nespln\u00ed sv\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky, druh\u00e1 strana m\u016f\u017ee vynutit pln\u011bn\u00ed smlouvy soudem nebo po\u017eadovat od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za nepln\u011bn\u00ed. &#8220;Prvky smlouvy&#8221; mus\u00ed b\u00fdt specifick\u00e9 nebo konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed, aby mohly b\u00fdt vynuceny a aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010dit nepln\u011bn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"735\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/12\/system-development-contract-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-67100\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5;width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/12\/system-development-contract-2.jpg 735w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/12\/system-development-contract-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/12\/system-development-contract-2-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy je velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou ot\u00e1zkou<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uzavreni_smlouvy_o_vyvoji_systemu\"><\/span>Uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Povaha smlouvy o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v kontraktn\u00ed a kvazimand\u00e1tn\u00ed smlouv\u011b. Kontraktn\u00ed smlouva slibuje dokon\u010den\u00ed pr\u00e1ce a zaplacen\u00ed odm\u011bny za ni. Kvazimand\u00e1tn\u00ed smlouva za odm\u011bnu slibuje vykon\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1ce a zaplacen\u00ed odm\u011bny za ni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/contract-and-timeandmaterialcontract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/contract-and-timeandmaterialcontract[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto, pokud existuje dohoda mezi stranami o &#8220;obsahu pr\u00e1ce nebo \u00fakolu&#8221; a &#8220;v\u00fd\u0161i odm\u011bny&#8221;, kter\u00e9 jsou prvky smlouvy, smlouva je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za uzav\u0159enou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee smlouva m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzav\u0159ena i pouh\u00fdm \u00fastn\u00edm slibem a nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 m\u00edt p\u00edsemnou smlouvu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pozadavek_na_penize_v_pripade_zruseni_po_uzavreni_smlouvy_o_vyvoji_systemu\"><\/span>Po\u017eadavek na pen\u00edze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zru\u0161en\u00ed po uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je smlouva o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu uzav\u0159ena a u\u017eivatel ji jednostrann\u011b zru\u0161\u00ed, pr\u00e1vn\u011b se to pova\u017euje za ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o ukon\u010den\u00ed smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je uzav\u0159ena kontraktn\u00ed smlouva, dodavatel m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt kdykoli b\u011bhem dokon\u010den\u00ed pr\u00e1ce odstoupen od smlouvy u\u017eivatelem, ale je stanoveno, \u017ee m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed (japonsk\u00fd ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk \u010dl\u00e1nek 641). Proto, pokud u\u017eivatel nezaplat\u00ed od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed, dodavatel m\u016f\u017ee po\u017eadovat &#8220;od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed&#8221; ve v\u00fd\u0161i n\u00e1klad\u016f, kter\u00e9 dodavatel vynalo\u017eil do t\u00e9 doby, a odm\u011bny, kterou by mohl z\u00edskat, ode\u010dten\u00e9 o n\u00e1klady, kter\u00e9 byly u\u0161et\u0159eny t\u00edm, \u017ee nebylo nutn\u00e9 dokon\u010dit syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je uzav\u0159ena kvazimand\u00e1tn\u00ed smlouva, pokud mand\u00e1t skon\u010d\u00ed b\u011bhem pln\u011bn\u00ed, mandat\u00e1\u0159 m\u016f\u017ee po\u017eadovat odm\u011bnu podle m\u00edry pln\u011bn\u00ed (novelizovan\u00fd japonsk\u00fd ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk \u010dl\u00e1nek 648 odstavec 3). Proto dodavatel m\u016f\u017ee po\u017eadovat zaplacen\u00ed ceny za ji\u017e provedenou pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uspech_nebo_neuspech_smlouvy_o_vyvoji_systemu\"><\/span>\u00dasp\u011bch nebo ne\u00fasp\u011bch smlouvy o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Specificnost_obsahu_systemu\"><\/span>Specifi\u010dnost obsahu syst\u00e9mu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Obvykle jsou pro obchodn\u00ed transakce mezi spole\u010dnostmi, zejm\u00e9na pro smlouvy s vysok\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1stkami, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny p\u00edsemn\u00e9 dokumenty, tak\u017ee pokud je smlouva vytvo\u0159ena, jej\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00ed je snadno uzn\u00e1v\u00e1no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd je p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u00fdvoje, se postupn\u011b konkretizuje prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch proces\u016f, tak\u017ee specifi\u010dnost obsahu syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd odpov\u00edd\u00e1 &#8220;obsahu pr\u00e1ce&#8221; v r\u00e1mci smlouvy o d\u00edlo, je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za dostate\u010dnou, pokud je zn\u00e1m rozsah a p\u0159ehled syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd se m\u00e1 syst\u00e9mizovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V soudn\u00ed praxi nebyl spor o uzav\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed smlouvy a smlouvy o zachov\u00e1n\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed, v z\u00e1kladn\u00ed smlouv\u011b bylo uvedeno, \u017ee &#8220;podpora technologi\u00ed pro e-commerce, podpora v\u00fdstavby webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dinnosti&#8221; budou sv\u011b\u0159eny, ale konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed obsah e-commerce a rozsah sv\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed, rozsah v\u00fdvoje a n\u00e1vrhu syst\u00e9mu nebyly explicitn\u011b uvedeny, a uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy bylo pop\u0159eno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dokonce i kdy\u017e vytvo\u0159\u00edte z\u00e1kladn\u00ed smlouvu o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu, obsah pr\u00e1ce nebo \u010dinnosti je abstraktn\u00ed a nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee byl specifikov\u00e1n, a uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy je t\u011b\u017eko uzn\u00e1no. Uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1no, pokud jsou obsah pr\u00e1ce nebo \u010dinnosti a v\u00fd\u0161e odm\u011bny uvedeny konkr\u00e9tn\u011b tak, \u017ee mohou b\u00fdt vynuceny a nepln\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed bod\u016f, na kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba d\u00e1t pozor p\u0159i smlouv\u00e1ch mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi in\u017een\u00fdry a pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdmi osobami, naleznete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/engineer-joint-enterprise-contract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/engineer-joint-enterprise-contract[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dodavatel_predklada_nabidku_a_specifikace_uzivatel_schvaluje_a_objednava\"><\/span>Dodavatel p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 nab\u00eddku a specifikace, u\u017eivatel schvaluje a objedn\u00e1v\u00e1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Obvykle se v obchodn\u00edch transakc\u00edch mezi spole\u010dnostmi pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e9 dokumenty, tak\u017ee pokud nebyla vytvo\u0159ena smlouva, je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 uznat uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy. V syst\u00e9mov\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji se \u010dasto za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 pracovat p\u0159ed vytvo\u0159en\u00edm smlouvy, ale jak se v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pova\u017euje uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soudn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad (rozhodnut\u00ed soudn\u00edho dvora v Nagoye ze dne 28. ledna 2004 (rok Heisei 16)) uv\u00e1d\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed o uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li> Po jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o specifikac\u00edch atd. mezi dodavatelem a u\u017eivatelem, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Dodavatel p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 specifikace a nab\u00eddku, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> U\u017eivatel je schvaluje a objedn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u010d\u00edm\u017e je smlouva uzav\u0159ena. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto soudn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dodavatel obdr\u017eel od u\u017eivatele, kter\u00fdm byla m\u00edstn\u00ed samospr\u00e1va, zak\u00e1zku na zaveden\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edho \u00fa\u010detn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu atd. Byla p\u0159edlo\u017eena RFP s n\u00e1zvem &#8220;\u017d\u00e1dost o p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu na zaveden\u00ed komplexn\u00edho administrativn\u00edho informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu&#8221; a dodavatel na to reagoval p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00edm n\u00e1vrhu a nab\u00eddky. U\u017eivatel p\u0159edlo\u017eil &#8220;ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o p\u0159ijet\u00ed&#8221;. Dodavatel nezv\u00e1\u017eil dostate\u010dn\u011b podrobnosti o \u010dinnosti u\u017eivatele atd. prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm konzultac\u00ed s u\u017eivatelem, nebylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee by byl proveden konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum obsahu a n\u00e1klad\u016f na p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed uvnit\u0159 u\u017eivatele, obsah n\u00e1vrhu dodavatele nebyl konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed, nebylo jasn\u00e9, co u\u017eivatel schv\u00e1lil, a uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy nebylo uzn\u00e1no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dopl\u0148uji vysv\u011btlen\u00ed o uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy uveden\u00e9 v soudn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, zohled\u0148uji i dal\u0161\u00ed soudn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Po_jednani_o_specifikacich_atd_mezi_dodavatelem_a_uzivatelem\"><\/span>Po jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o specifikac\u00edch atd. mezi dodavatelem a u\u017eivatelem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Z toho, \u017ee &#8220;po jedn\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;, pokud jsou &#8220;ve vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; o prvc\u00edch smlouvy, jako je obsah syst\u00e9mu a v\u00fd\u0161e odm\u011bny, je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 uznat uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy, proto\u017ee nedo\u0161lo k dohod\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b smlouvy o d\u00edlo je mo\u017en\u00e9 stanovit cenu jako tr\u017en\u00ed cenu, tak\u017ee existuj\u00ed soudn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, kde bylo uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee byla uzav\u0159ena smlouva o d\u00edlo za tr\u017en\u00ed cenu, pokud u\u017eivatel schv\u00e1lil obsah syst\u00e9mu a &#8220;p\u0159ibli\u017enou&#8221; v\u00fd\u0161i odm\u011bny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby dodavatel mohl prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee &#8220;pro\u0161el jedn\u00e1n\u00edm&#8221;, m\u011bl by dostate\u010dn\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit obsah pr\u00e1ce u\u017eivatele, obsah syst\u00e9mu atd. prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm konzultac\u00ed s u\u017eivatelem a zaznamenat to v e-mailech nebo z\u00e1pisech z jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dodavatel_predklada_specifikace_a_nabidku_uzivatel_je_schvaluje_a_objednava\"><\/span>Dodavatel p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 specifikace a nab\u00eddku, u\u017eivatel je schvaluje a objedn\u00e1v\u00e1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li> Pokud u\u017eivatel vyd\u00e1 objedn\u00e1vku nebo objedn\u00e1vkov\u00fd formul\u00e1\u0159, je uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy snadno uznateln\u00e9. Pokud dodavatel p\u0159edlo\u017e\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dost nebo provede pr\u00e1ci na z\u00e1klad\u011b objedn\u00e1vky atd., je snaz\u0161\u00ed uznat uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy, proto\u017ee existuje &#8220;dohoda&#8221;. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Intern\u00ed dokumenty u\u017eivatele \u010dasto uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee se pl\u00e1nuje uzav\u0159\u00edt smlouva, co\u017e \u010din\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b uznateln\u00fdm. Av\u0161ak pokud nen\u00ed uvedeno nic takov\u00e9ho a pokud je mo\u017en\u00e9 co nejkonkr\u00e9tn\u011bji uv\u00e9st prvky smlouvy, jako je obsah v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9mu a v\u00fd\u0161e odm\u011bny, m\u016f\u017ee to p\u0159isp\u011bt k uzn\u00e1n\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Memoranda, dohody a potvrzovac\u00ed dokumenty jsou obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b uznateln\u00e9 jako uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy, pokud jsou p\u0159edpokladem pro uzav\u0159en\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed smlouvy nebo pokud jsou jejich obsahy abstraktn\u00ed. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Pokud na n\u00e1vrhu smlouvy nen\u00ed raz\u00edtko, je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 uznat uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy, proto\u017ee raz\u00edtko znamen\u00e1 uzav\u0159en\u00ed. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Nab\u00eddka slou\u017e\u00ed jako d\u016fkaz o v\u00fd\u0161i odm\u011bny dohodnut\u00e9 mezi stranami. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9mu dostanete do ur\u010dit\u00e9 f\u00e1ze a budete po\u017eadovat zm\u011bnu specifikac\u00ed nebo p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed funkc\u00ed, podrobnosti o tom, zda je mo\u017en\u00e9 po\u017eadovat nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00ed odhadovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky atd., jsou podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btleny v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/increase-of-estimate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/increase-of-estimate[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uctovani_dohody\"><\/span>\u00da\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed dohody<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud byla pr\u00e1ce provedena na pokyn u\u017eivatele s p\u0159edpokladem uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159i zastaven\u00ed pr\u00e1ce uzn\u00e1na &#8220;\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed dohoda&#8221;, kter\u00e1 vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1klady na dosavadn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. Aby byla tato dohoda sn\u00e1ze uzn\u00e1na, je vhodn\u00e9 z\u00edskat souhlas od opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 osoby u\u017eivatele na dokumentu vytvo\u0159en\u00e9m dodavatelem, nebo nechat u\u017eivatele zapsat metodu vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed odm\u011bny v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee nedo\u0161lo k uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy, do intern\u00edho dokumentu atd. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravni_struktura_pro_naroky_na_penize_v_pripade_ze_nebyla_uzavrena_smlouva\"><\/span>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed struktura pro n\u00e1roky na pen\u00edze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee nebyla uzav\u0159ena smlouva<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"735\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/12\/system-development-contract-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-67101\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5;width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/12\/system-development-contract-3.jpg 735w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/12\/system-development-contract-3-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/34\/2025\/12\/system-development-contract-3-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Co se stane, pokud nen\u00ed uzav\u0159ena smlouva?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chyba_pri_uzavirani_smlouvy\"><\/span>Chyba p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e za\u010dnete vyjedn\u00e1vat o uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy, ob\u011b strany maj\u00ed povinnost se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b sna\u017eit nezasahovat do majetku druh\u00e9 strany podle z\u00e1sady dobr\u00e9 v\u00edry (\u010dl\u00e1nek 1 odstavec 2 Japonsk\u00e9ho ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku). Pokud nedojde k uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy, m\u016f\u017eete po\u017eadovat n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, pokud existuj\u00ed objektivn\u00ed okolnosti, kter\u00e9 vedly druhou stranu k o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee smlouva bude uzav\u0159ena, a pokud jste byli zodpov\u011bdn\u00ed za tyto okolnosti. Toto se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 chyba p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159edstav\u00edme v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edklady p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kdy byla uzn\u00e1na chyba p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li> Dodavatel dokon\u010dil definici po\u017eadavk\u016f na \u017e\u00e1dost u\u017eivatele a provedl \u010d\u00e1st z\u00e1kladn\u00edho a podrobn\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu. U\u017eivatel vysv\u011btlil, \u017ee jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi firmami je pouze form\u00e1ln\u00ed proces pro schv\u00e1len\u00ed prezidentem, ale t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed uzav\u0159en\u00edm smlouvy byla vybr\u00e1na jin\u00e1 firma a smlouva nebyla uzav\u0159ena.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Dodavatel pokra\u010doval v pr\u00e1ci na \u017e\u00e1dost u\u017eivatele, aby dodr\u017eel term\u00edn, a datum uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy bylo ji\u017e bl\u00edzko. Uvnit\u0159 firmy u\u017eivatele se p\u0159ipravovalo na vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj, ale to bylo utajeno a smlouva nebyla uzav\u0159ena.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> Dodavatel byl informov\u00e1n u\u017eivatelem, \u017ee byl vybr\u00e1n jako dodavatel syst\u00e9mu, a nebyly vzneseny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 n\u00e1mitky proti nab\u00eddce. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s u\u017eivatelem provedl dodavatel pr\u00e1ce na potvrzen\u00ed specifikac\u00ed a u\u017eivatel byl informov\u00e1n o n\u00e1kladech. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, smlouva byla odm\u00edtnuta s od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm, \u017ee se nedohodli na nab\u00eddkov\u00e9 cen\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Naopak, p\u0159\u00edklady p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kdy nebyla uzn\u00e1na chyba p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy, zahrnuj\u00ed ty, kde byla jasn\u011b uvedena mo\u017enost v\u00fdb\u011bru jin\u00e9 firmy nebo podm\u00ednky pro uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud jste pokra\u010dovali v pr\u00e1ci na \u017e\u00e1dost u\u017eivatele a bez jasn\u00e9ho uveden\u00ed mo\u017enosti v\u00fdb\u011bru jin\u00e9 firmy nebo podm\u00ednek dohody, a pokud byla smlouva n\u00e1hle zru\u0161ena z t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1n n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd spor o tom, \u017ee rozsah &#8220;\u0161kody&#8221; zahrnuje n\u00e1klady, kter\u00e9 byly dosud vynalo\u017eeny. K tomu je p\u0159id\u00e1n zisk z pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e1 byla skute\u010dn\u011b provedena, jak bylo uzn\u00e1no v n\u011bkter\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00edch soudu. Krom\u011b toho, pokud m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159edlo\u017eit d\u016fkazy, \u017ee jste utrp\u011bli \u0161kodu ve v\u00fd\u0161i zisku, kter\u00fd byste mohli z\u00edskat, pokud byste odm\u00edtli nab\u00eddku od jin\u00e9 firmy a pokra\u010dovali v pr\u00e1ci, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 zahrnuta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Clanek_512_Japonskeho_obchodniho_zakoniku\"><\/span>\u010cl\u00e1nek 512 Japonsk\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud dodavatel provedl \u010dinnosti souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s v\u00fdvojem syst\u00e9mu pro u\u017eivatele, m\u016f\u017ee na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010dl\u00e1nku 512 Japonsk\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku po\u017eadovat p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enou odm\u011bnu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e za\u010dnete vyjedn\u00e1vat o v\u00fdvoji syst\u00e9mu, je dobr\u00e9 si vz\u00e1jemn\u011b uv\u011bdomit obsah syst\u00e9mu a \u010d\u00e1stku odm\u011bny pomoc\u00ed e-mail\u016f nebo z\u00e1pis\u016f z jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a nechat si d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee jste uznali okolnosti, kter\u00e9 vedly k o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee smlouva bude uzav\u0159ena, a \u017ee byly konkretizov\u00e1ny prvky smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dokonce i kdy\u017e v\u00e1m je odm\u00edtnuta platba s od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm, \u017ee nebyla uzav\u0159ena smlouva, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1n n\u00e1rok na pen\u00edze, jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak jsme vid\u011bli, soudy maj\u00ed tendenci posuzovat vztahy bez smlouvy negativn\u011b, zejm\u00e9na ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s t\u00edm, jak je vn\u00edmaj\u00ed spole\u010dnosti na stran\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemce. Z pohledu p\u0159\u00edjemce by se mohlo zd\u00e1t, \u017ee &#8220;sta\u010d\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt pracovat a smlouvu uzav\u0159eme pozd\u011bji, tak\u017ee smlouva je ji\u017e v platnosti&#8221;. Toto tvrzen\u00ed v\u0161ak nen\u00ed v\u017edy uzn\u00e1v\u00e1no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy pop\u0159eno, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e9 po\u017eadovat pen\u00edze na z\u00e1klad\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00edch ustanoven\u00ed, jako je nedbalost p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy nebo \u010dl\u00e1nek 512 Japonsk\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku (Japanese Commercial Code). Av\u0161ak ani toto nen\u00ed &#8220;jist\u00e9&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je nutn\u00e9 za\u010d\u00edt pracovat p\u0159ed uzav\u0159en\u00edm smlouvy, je t\u0159eba:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Uv\u011bdomit si, \u017ee je to rizikov\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a rozhodnout se, zda je st\u00e1le vhodn\u00e9 v\u011bnovat \u010das tomuto projektu, i p\u0159es toto riziko (zejm\u00e9na pro mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky nebo start-upy, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed zak\u00e1zky od velk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e9 &#8220;za\u010d\u00edt d\u0159\u00edve&#8221; pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed obchodn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed s t\u011bmito velk\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi. Pokud je toto riziko zohledn\u011bno, m\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zv\u00e1\u017eit mo\u017enost uzav\u0159en\u00ed dohody o likvidaci pro p\u0159\u00edpad, \u017ee smlouva nebude uzav\u0159ena<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Je t\u0159eba prov\u00e9st takov\u00e9 \u00favahy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V oblasti v\u00fdvoje syst\u00e9m\u016f nen\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i pokra\u010duj\u00ed v pr\u00e1ci je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed vytvo\u0159en\u00edm smlouvy. Tento postup je v\u0161ak v praxi &#8220;rizikov\u00fd&#8221;. Pokud nebyla smlouva vytvo\u0159ena, existuje rizi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":67099,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[19,31],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61289"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61289"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61289\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67102,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61289\/revisions\/67102"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/67099"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}