{"id":61296,"date":"2023-12-08T20:24:59","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:24:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61296"},"modified":"2024-03-25T18:43:25","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T09:43:25","slug":"calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages","title":{"rendered":"Jak\u00fd je standard a metoda v\u00fdpo\u010dtu pro n\u00e1roky na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody proti pachateli pomluvy a ur\u00e1\u017eky?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pomluv na internetu, pokud pachatel provede neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek, jako je po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti, m\u016f\u017ee ob\u011b\u0165 po\u017eadovat od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed od pachatele. Jak\u00e9 &#8220;\u0161kody&#8221; lze v takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech po\u017eadovat jako od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Abyste to shrnuli, z\u00e1kladem je sou\u010det n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stek:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za bolest a utrpen\u00ed (od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za du\u0161evn\u00ed \u0161kodu)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00e1klady na vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed (n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k identifikaci pachatele)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1klady (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10% od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za bolest a utrpen\u00ed)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btl\u00edme mo\u017enost po\u017eadov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto polo\u017eek a dal\u0161\u00ed detaily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Postup_od_identifikace_pachatele_po_zadost_o_nahradu_skody\" title=\"Postup od identifikace pachatele po \u017e\u00e1dost o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody\">Postup od identifikace pachatele po \u017e\u00e1dost o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Jak_pozadovat_nahradu_skody_od_pachatele\" title=\"Jak po\u017eadovat n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody od pachatele\">Jak po\u017eadovat n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody od pachatele<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Soudy_uznavaji_%E2%80%9Cskodu%E2%80%9D_a_jeji_podrobnosti\" title=\"Soudy uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed &#8220;\u0161kodu&#8221; a jej\u00ed podrobnosti\">Soudy uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed &#8220;\u0161kodu&#8221; a jej\u00ed podrobnosti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Nahrada_skody_1_Odskodneni_za_dusevni_ujmu\" title=\"N\u00e1hrada \u0161kody 1: Od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za du\u0161evn\u00ed \u00fajmu\">N\u00e1hrada \u0161kody 1: Od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za du\u0161evn\u00ed \u00fajmu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Pripad_1_Pripad_kdy_nekdo_predstiral_ze_je_nekdo_jiny_a_pomlouval_treti_osobu\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad 1: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy n\u011bkdo p\u0159edst\u00edral, \u017ee je n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd, a pomlouval t\u0159et\u00ed osobu\">P\u0159\u00edpad 1: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy n\u011bkdo p\u0159edst\u00edral, \u017ee je n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd, a pomlouval t\u0159et\u00ed osobu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Pripad_2_Pripad_kdy_bylo_opakovane_tvrzeno_ze_zalobce_fotografoval_v_damskem_zachode\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad 2: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy bylo opakovan\u011b tvrzeno, \u017ee \u017ealobce fotografoval v d\u00e1msk\u00e9m z\u00e1chod\u011b\">P\u0159\u00edpad 2: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy bylo opakovan\u011b tvrzeno, \u017ee \u017ealobce fotografoval v d\u00e1msk\u00e9m z\u00e1chod\u011b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Pripad_3_Pripad_kdy_byl_vedecky_spisovatel_opakovane_pomlouvan\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad 3: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy byl v\u011bdeck\u00fd spisovatel opakovan\u011b pomlouv\u00e1n\">P\u0159\u00edpad 3: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy byl v\u011bdeck\u00fd spisovatel opakovan\u011b pomlouv\u00e1n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Skoda_2_Naklady_na_pravni_sluzby_spojene_s_identifikaci_pachatele\" title=\"\u0160koda 2: N\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby spojen\u00e9 s identifikac\u00ed pachatele\">\u0160koda 2: N\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby spojen\u00e9 s identifikac\u00ed pachatele<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Pripad_1_Pripad_kdy_se_nekdo_vydaval_za_nekoho_jineho_a_pomlouval_treti_osobu\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad 1: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy se n\u011bkdo vyd\u00e1val za n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho a pomlouval t\u0159et\u00ed osobu\">P\u0159\u00edpad 1: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy se n\u011bkdo vyd\u00e1val za n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho a pomlouval t\u0159et\u00ed osobu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Pripad_2_Pripad_kdy_zalobce_opakovane_tvrdil_ze_foti_v_damskych_toaletach\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad 2: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy \u017ealobce opakovan\u011b tvrdil, \u017ee fot\u00ed v d\u00e1msk\u00fdch toalet\u00e1ch\">P\u0159\u00edpad 2: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy \u017ealobce opakovan\u011b tvrdil, \u017ee fot\u00ed v d\u00e1msk\u00fdch toalet\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Pripad_3_Pripad_kdy_byl_vedecky_spisovatel_opakovane_pomlouvan-2\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad 3: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy byl v\u011bdeck\u00fd spisovatel opakovan\u011b pomlouv\u00e1n\">P\u0159\u00edpad 3: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy byl v\u011bdeck\u00fd spisovatel opakovan\u011b pomlouv\u00e1n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Skoda_3_Naklady_na_pravni_sluzby_pro_nahradu_skody\" title=\"\u0160koda 3: N\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby pro n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody\">\u0160koda 3: N\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby pro n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Co_je_to_odmena_pravnika_v_pripade_naroku_na_nahradu_skody\" title=\"Co je to odm\u011bna pr\u00e1vn\u00edka v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1roku na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody\">Co je to odm\u011bna pr\u00e1vn\u00edka v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1roku na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Co_jsou_naklady_na_pravnika_uznavane_soudem\" title=\"Co jsou n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00edka uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 soudem\">Co jsou n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00edka uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 soudem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Pripadova_studie_o_pomluve_a_nakladech_na_pravni_sluzby\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e1 studie o pomluv\u011b a n\u00e1kladech na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby\">P\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e1 studie o pomluv\u011b a n\u00e1kladech na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Pripad_1_Pripad_kdy_nekdo_vystupoval_jako_nekdo_jiny_a_pomlouval_treti_osobu\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad 1: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy n\u011bkdo vystupoval jako n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd a pomlouval t\u0159et\u00ed osobu\">P\u0159\u00edpad 1: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy n\u011bkdo vystupoval jako n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd a pomlouval t\u0159et\u00ed osobu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Pripad_2_Pripad_opakovanych_prispevku_tvrdicich_ze_zalobce_fotil_v_damskych_toaletach\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad 2: P\u0159\u00edpad opakovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f tvrd\u00edc\u00edch, \u017ee \u017ealobce fotil v d\u00e1msk\u00fdch toalet\u00e1ch\">P\u0159\u00edpad 2: P\u0159\u00edpad opakovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f tvrd\u00edc\u00edch, \u017ee \u017ealobce fotil v d\u00e1msk\u00fdch toalet\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Pripad_3_Pripad_opakovane_pomluvy_vedeckeho_spisovatele\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad 3: P\u0159\u00edpad opakovan\u00e9 pomluvy v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho spisovatele\">P\u0159\u00edpad 3: P\u0159\u00edpad opakovan\u00e9 pomluvy v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho spisovatele<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Postup_od_identifikace_pachatele_po_zadost_o_nahradu_skody\"><\/span>Postup od identifikace pachatele po \u017e\u00e1dost o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve mus\u00ed ob\u011b\u0165, kter\u00e1 utrp\u011bla reputa\u010dn\u00ed \u0161kodu v d\u016fsledku neleg\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku, identifikovat pachatele (\u00fato\u010dn\u00edka). Bez toho nem\u016f\u017ee po\u017eadovat n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b anonymn\u00edch diskusn\u00edch f\u00f3r, jako je 5chan (d\u0159\u00edve 2chan), nelze zjistit, kdo je pachatelem pomluvy na anonymn\u00edm diskusn\u00edm f\u00f3ru, pouze t\u00edm, \u017ee se na f\u00f3rum pod\u00edv\u00e1te. Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed pro anonymn\u011b provozovan\u00e9 blogy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ed pod\u00e1n\u00edm \u017e\u00e1dosti o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody v\u016f\u010di pachateli je nutn\u00e9 pachatele identifikovat. Postup identifikace pachatele lze hrub\u011b rozd\u011blit na \u017e\u00e1dost o zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed IP adresy v\u016f\u010di takzvan\u00e9mu poskytovateli obsahu a slu\u017eeb (nap\u0159\u00edklad spr\u00e1vci 5chan) a na \u017e\u00e1dost o zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed jm\u00e9na a adresy v\u016f\u010di poskytovateli, kter\u00fd pachatel vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 (nap\u0159\u00edklad docomo v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mobiln\u00edch linek nebo Nifty v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pevn\u00fdch linek). Tento postup je podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btlen v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/provider-liability-limitation-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/provider-liability-limitation-law[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/disclosure-of-the-senders-information\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/disclosure-of-the-senders-information[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, toto plat\u00ed pouze pro anonymn\u00ed diskusn\u00ed f\u00f3ra a blogy, kde nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, kdo je pachatelem. Pokud pachatel provozuje webovou str\u00e1nku pod sv\u00fdm skute\u010dn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem, identifikace nen\u00ed nutn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jak_pozadovat_nahradu_skody_od_pachatele\"><\/span>Jak po\u017eadovat n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody od pachatele<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Po identifikaci pachatele je mo\u017en\u00e9 po\u017eadovat od n\u011bj n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento po\u017eadavek na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pod\u00e1n stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b po\u017eadavku na splacen\u00ed p\u016fj\u010den\u00fdch pen\u011bz, a to bu\u010f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mimosoudn\u00edho vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo, pokud se vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nesetk\u00e1 s \u00fasp\u011bchem, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u00e1 soud ur\u010dit\u00e1 pravidla t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se ot\u00e1zky, &#8220;do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry uzn\u00e1 n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy do\u0161lo k po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti a podobn\u00fdch \u0161kod zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch pomlouva\u010dn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky&#8221;. Je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee rozhodnut\u00ed budou vyd\u00e1v\u00e1na na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto pravidel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mimosoudn\u00edho vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed budou ob\u011b\u0165 (a jej\u00ed z\u00e1stupce) a pachatel (a jeho z\u00e1stupce) vyjedn\u00e1vat s ohledem na ot\u00e1zku, &#8220;do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry by soud uznal n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, pokud by se vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nesetkalo s \u00fasp\u011bchem a do\u0161lo by k soudn\u00edmu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed&#8221;. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy by soud uznal pouze n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody v \u0159\u00e1du des\u00edtek tis\u00edc korun, pokud by se v mimosoudn\u00edm vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed po\u017eadovalo 10 milion\u016f korun, pachatel (a jeho z\u00e1stupce) by pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b usoudil, \u017ee &#8220;nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 na tuto \u010d\u00e1stku reagovat&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem, i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mimosoudn\u00edho vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je ot\u00e1zka &#8220;jak\u00e1 pravidla by byla uplatn\u011bna v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a jak\u00e1 je pravd\u011bpodobnost uzn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody&#8221; d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soudy_uznavaji_%E2%80%9Cskodu%E2%80%9D_a_jeji_podrobnosti\"><\/span>Soudy uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed &#8220;\u0161kodu&#8221; a jej\u00ed podrobnosti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/pixta_42303065_M-1024x790.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4109\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Vysv\u011btl\u00edme obsah n\u00e1roku na &#8220;n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody&#8221;.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak jsme uvedli na za\u010d\u00e1tku, &#8220;\u0161koda&#8221;, kterou soudy uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed, je sou\u010det n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stek:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za bolest a utrpen\u00ed (n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody za du\u0161evn\u00ed \u00fajmu)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00e1klady na vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed (n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k identifikaci pachatele)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10% z celkov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za bolest a utrpen\u00ed a n\u00e1klad\u016f na vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt trochu matouc\u00ed, ale &#8220;n\u00e1klady na vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; v bod\u011b 2 se vztahuj\u00ed na n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 byly ji\u017e zaplaceny p\u0159i identifikaci pachatele. To znamen\u00e1 &#8220;n\u00e1klady na vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo provedeno na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u017e\u00e1dosti pr\u00e1vn\u00edka k identifikaci pachatele&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, &#8220;n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby&#8221; v bod\u011b 3 znamenaj\u00ed &#8220;n\u00e1klady na \u017e\u00e1dost pr\u00e1vn\u00edka o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody od pachatele&#8221;. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, jak budeme diskutovat pozd\u011bji, tato \u010d\u00e1stka nen\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stkou n\u00e1klad\u016f na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 byly skute\u010dn\u011b zaplaceny za n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, ale je to p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10% od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za bolest a utrpen\u00ed. D\u016fvod pro toto bude vysv\u011btlen pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nahrada_skody_1_Odskodneni_za_dusevni_ujmu\"><\/span>N\u00e1hrada \u0161kody 1: Od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za du\u0161evn\u00ed \u00fajmu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed, jak je obvykle ch\u00e1p\u00e1no v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di, je n\u00e1hrada za du\u0161evn\u00ed \u00fajmu, kterou ob\u011b\u0165 utrp\u011bla v d\u016fsledku pomluvy, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti nebo naru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed. Na internetu se m\u016f\u017eete setkat s tvrzen\u00edmi jako &#8220;standardn\u00ed od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti se pohybuje od n\u011bkolika set tis\u00edc do n\u011bkolika milion\u016f jen\u016f&#8221;, ale obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee soudy neuzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stky od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by ob\u011b\u0165 pova\u017eovala za &#8220;dostate\u010dn\u00e9&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/compensation-for-defamation-damages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/compensation-for-defamation-damages[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_1_Pripad_kdy_nekdo_predstiral_ze_je_nekdo_jiny_a_pomlouval_treti_osobu\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad 1: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy n\u011bkdo p\u0159edst\u00edral, \u017ee je n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd, a pomlouval t\u0159et\u00ed osobu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Osack\u00fd okresn\u00ed soud dne 30. srpna 2017 (Heisei 29) uznal, \u017ee ob\u017ealovan\u00fd, kter\u00fd na internetov\u00e9m diskusn\u00edm f\u00f3ru opakovan\u011b pou\u017e\u00edval fotografie a jm\u00e9na jin\u00fdch lid\u00ed, aby se vyd\u00e1val za n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho, a psal v\u00fdroky jako &#8220;V\u0161ichni jsme \u0161\u00edlenci, tak se m\u011bjme r\u00e1di&#8221;, &#8220;Va\u0161e babi\u010dka je naprosto mimo&#8221;, &#8220;V\u0161ichni u\u017e v\u011bd\u00ed, jak o\u0161kliv\u00e1 je tvoje povaha&#8221;, co\u017e jsou ur\u00e1\u017eky a nad\u00e1vky na adresu ostatn\u00edch. Soud uznal, \u017ee &#8220;toto v\u0161echno vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dojem, \u017ee \u017ealobce je \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd bezd\u016fvodn\u011b ur\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a nad\u00e1v\u00e1 ostatn\u00ed, co\u017e sni\u017euje jeho soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed a poru\u0161uje jeho pr\u00e1vo na cti&#8221;, a p\u0159iznal mu od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 600 000 jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed toho, jak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt &#8220;p\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; pova\u017eov\u00e1no za &#8220;nez\u00e1konn\u00e9&#8221;, najdete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/spoofing-dentityright\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/spoofing-dentityright[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_2_Pripad_kdy_bylo_opakovane_tvrzeno_ze_zalobce_fotografoval_v_damskem_zachode\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad 2: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy bylo opakovan\u011b tvrzeno, \u017ee \u017ealobce fotografoval v d\u00e1msk\u00e9m z\u00e1chod\u011b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Na f\u00f3ru 2channeru bylo opakovan\u011b tvrzeno, \u017ee \u017ealobce fotografoval v d\u00e1msk\u00e9m z\u00e1chod\u011b. \u017dalobce tvrdil, \u017ee &#8220;pro od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed du\u0161evn\u00edho utrpen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9ho t\u011bmito p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky je nutn\u00e9 nejm\u00e9n\u011b 4 miliony jen\u016f&#8221; a po\u017eadoval od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 4 milion\u016f jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tokijsk\u00fd okresn\u00ed soud dne 31. ledna 2012 (Heisei 24) uznal po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti a p\u0159iznal od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 1 milion jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto je p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy byla ob\u011b\u0165 sn\u00ed\u017eena ve sv\u00e9m soci\u00e1ln\u00edm hodnocen\u00ed v d\u016fsledku vlo\u017een\u00ed nepravdiv\u00fdch skute\u010dnost\u00ed, co\u017e je typick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_3_Pripad_kdy_byl_vedecky_spisovatel_opakovane_pomlouvan\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad 3: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy byl v\u011bdeck\u00fd spisovatel opakovan\u011b pomlouv\u00e1n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dena, kter\u00e1 je v\u011bdeckou spisovatelkou, napsala na Twitteru o podez\u0159en\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edm se vl\u00e1dy a premi\u00e9ra Abeho v souvislosti se \u0161kolami Moritomo a Kake: &#8220;N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee bychom nikdy nem\u011bli p\u0159ipustit logiku, \u017ee &#8216;ti, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou podez\u0159el\u00ed, by m\u011bli prok\u00e1zat svou nevinu&#8217;, ale vl\u00e1da a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 instituce by m\u011bly samoz\u0159ejm\u011b b\u00fdt odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di ob\u010dan\u016fm (accountability)&#8221;. Na toto byla opakovan\u011b napadena v\u00fdroky jako &#8220;Kdy\u017e byla mlad\u00e1, prod\u00e1vala se a z\u00edskala titul&#8221;, &#8220;St\u00e1le kradne v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 fondy&#8221;, &#8220;U\u010d\u00ed sv\u00e9 d\u011bti, jak se prod\u00e1vat, a nut\u00ed je to d\u011blat&#8221;, &#8220;Prod\u00e1v\u00e1 se, aby jej\u00ed man\u017eel nebyl obvin\u011bn ze zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b jej\u00ed dcery&#8221;, a to v\u00edce ne\u017e 50kr\u00e1t. Saitamsk\u00fd okresn\u00ed soud dne 17. \u010dervence 2019 (Reiwa 1) uznal po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto soudn\u00edm procesu ob\u017ealovan\u00fd nep\u0159edstoupil k \u00fastn\u00edmu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a nepodal \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravn\u00e9 dokumenty, tak\u017ee bylo p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1no, \u017ee nesporuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159edlo\u017eeny jako d\u016fvody pro \u017ealobu, a bylo p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1no, \u017ee p\u0159iznal v\u0161echny skute\u010dnosti (toto se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 &#8220;p\u0159edst\u00edran\u00e9 p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;), a soud uznal plnou \u010d\u00e1stku od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 2 milion\u016f jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud tak\u00e9 uvedl, \u017ee &#8220;soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed a d\u016fv\u011bra, kter\u00e9 \u017ealobkyn\u011b ztratila v d\u016fsledku \u010din\u016f ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho, se nevr\u00e1t\u00ed jen t\u00edm, \u017ee obdr\u017e\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1hradu. Proto je nutn\u00e9, aby bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee obsah, kter\u00fd byl zve\u0159ejn\u011bn, je v rozporu s pravdou, a to prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm omluvy, aby byla obnovena \u010dest \u017ealobkyn\u011b&#8221;, a na\u0159\u00eddil tak\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed omluvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Skoda_2_Naklady_na_pravni_sluzby_spojene_s_identifikaci_pachatele\"><\/span>\u0160koda 2: N\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby spojen\u00e9 s identifikac\u00ed pachatele<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak jsme ji\u017e zm\u00ednili, proces identifikace pachatele je pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fd a vy\u017eaduje odborn\u00e9 znalosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed nebo soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Obecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st i bez pr\u00e1vn\u00edka, tedy samostatn\u011b. Jedn\u00e1 se o takzvan\u00e9 &#8220;soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na vlastn\u00ed p\u011bst&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, toto je mo\u017en\u00e9 pouze v teoretick\u00e9m smyslu. Ve skute\u010dnosti je obsah takov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed velmi citliv\u00fd a slo\u017eit\u00fd, a proto nen\u00ed praktick\u00e9 ho prov\u00e1d\u011bt samostatn\u011b. Je vhodn\u00e9 sv\u011b\u0159it tento \u00fakol zku\u0161en\u00e9mu pr\u00e1vn\u00edkovi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1klady na vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k identifikaci pachatele pomluvy mohou b\u00fdt zna\u010dn\u00e9. Je samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee ob\u011b\u0165 by cht\u011bla tyto n\u00e1klady po\u017eadovat od pachatele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017d\u00e1dost o n\u00e1hradu pr\u00e1vn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f spojen\u00fdch s identifikac\u00ed pachatele je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 soudn\u00ed praxi uzn\u00e1v\u00e1na, pokud pr\u00e1vn\u00edk \u00fa\u010dtuje p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00e9 povinnosti a p\u0159esn\u011b zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad, v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd soudn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad rozhodl o n\u00e1kladech na vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_1_Pripad_kdy_se_nekdo_vydaval_za_nekoho_jineho_a_pomlouval_treti_osobu\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad 1: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy se n\u011bkdo vyd\u00e1val za n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho a pomlouval t\u0159et\u00ed osobu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud uznal n\u00e1klady na z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli ve v\u00fd\u0161i 586 000 jen\u016f. Celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby, kter\u00e9 byly skute\u010dn\u011b zaplaceny pro identifikaci pachatele, byly uzn\u00e1ny jako n\u00e1klady na vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_2_Pripad_kdy_zalobce_opakovane_tvrdil_ze_foti_v_damskych_toaletach\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad 2: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy \u017ealobce opakovan\u011b tvrdil, \u017ee fot\u00ed v d\u00e1msk\u00fdch toalet\u00e1ch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dalobce si najal pr\u00e1vn\u00edka, aby identifikoval autora p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f, a byl nucen po\u017e\u00e1dat &#8220;2channel&#8221; o zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch informac\u00ed. \u017dalobce po\u017eadoval 630 000 jen\u016f jako n\u00e1klady na vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Soud rozhodl, \u017ee &#8220;vzhledem k okolnostem, kdy \u017ealobce musel najmout pr\u00e1vn\u00edka a nakonec se dostal k \u017ealovan\u00e9mu, m\u011bl by \u017ealovan\u00fd n\u00e9st n\u00e1klady na vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 630 000 jen\u016f jako \u0161kodu zp\u016fsobenou nez\u00e1konn\u00fdm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm \u017ealovan\u00e9ho&#8221;. Soud tedy uznal n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu n\u00e1klad\u016f na vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 630 000 jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_3_Pripad_kdy_byl_vedecky_spisovatel_opakovane_pomlouvan-2\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad 3: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy byl v\u011bdeck\u00fd spisovatel opakovan\u011b pomlouv\u00e1n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o p\u0159\u00edpad, kde bylo dosa\u017eeno dohody o p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed viny, bylo uzn\u00e1no 438 000 jen\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly po\u017eadov\u00e1ny jako n\u00e1klady na vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Skoda_3_Naklady_na_pravni_sluzby_pro_nahradu_skody\"><\/span>\u0160koda 3: N\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby pro n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/pixta_48356108_M-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4107\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Co p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed &#8220;n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby&#8221;, kter\u00e9 uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 soud?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, tyto &#8220;n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby&#8221; nejsou n\u00e1klady vynalo\u017een\u00e9 na identifikaci pachatele (vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed n\u00e1klady), ale n\u00e1klady na \u017e\u00e1dost o pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby pro n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody v\u016f\u010di identifikovan\u00e9mu pachateli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je to v\u0161ak velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 pochopit, ale soud nespo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 tyto n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho, jakou smlouvu uzav\u0159ela ob\u011b\u0165 se sv\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm z\u00e1stupcem a kolik odm\u011bny zaplatila tomuto pr\u00e1vn\u00edkovi. Soud pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pravidlo, kter\u00e9 uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 &#8220;10% z \u010d\u00e1stky po\u017eadovan\u00e9 v n\u00e1roku na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody&#8221; jako &#8220;n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby&#8221;, bez ohledu na skute\u010dnou v\u00fd\u0161i platby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_to_odmena_pravnika_v_pripade_naroku_na_nahradu_skody\"><\/span>Co je to odm\u011bna pr\u00e1vn\u00edka v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1roku na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve vysv\u011btl\u00edme, jak\u00e1 odm\u011bna pr\u00e1vn\u00edka je skute\u010dn\u011b pot\u0159ebn\u00e1, pokud po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1te pr\u00e1vn\u00edka o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>U odm\u011bny pr\u00e1vn\u00edka existoval p\u016fvodn\u011b standard naz\u00fdvan\u00fd &#8220;Standardn\u00ed odm\u011bna pr\u00e1vn\u00edka&#8221; stanoven\u00fd Japonskou advok\u00e1tn\u00ed komorou (Japanese Bar Association), a pr\u00e1vn\u00edci nemohli svou odm\u011bnu voln\u011b stanovit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato odm\u011bna pr\u00e1vn\u00edka byla liberalizov\u00e1na od dubna roku Heisei 16 (2004) a jednotliv\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edci mohou nyn\u00ed voln\u011b stanovit sv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky, a je stanoveno, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 kancel\u00e1\u0159 stanov\u00ed sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed standard pro odm\u011bnu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161ina pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f a pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tradi\u010dn\u00ed standardy odm\u011bn stanoven\u00e9 advok\u00e1tn\u00ed komorou i po liberalizaci. Star\u00fd standard pro odm\u011bnu pr\u00e1vn\u00edka je referen\u010dn\u00edm standardem, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl b\u00fdt pou\u017eit, proto\u017ee je \u010dasto &#8220;spr\u00e1vn\u00fd&#8221; v d\u016fsledku dlouhodob\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jako standard v praxi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/basis-for-calculating-lawyer-fees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/basis-for-calculating-lawyer-fees[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A podle tohoto star\u00e9ho standardu pro odm\u011bnu pr\u00e1vn\u00edka je v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1roku na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody stanoveno, \u017ee pro \u010d\u00e1st &#8220;ekonomick\u00e9ho zisku&#8221; do 3 milion\u016f jen\u016f je po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed poplatek 8% a poplatek za \u00fasp\u011bch 16%. Tento &#8220;ekonomick\u00fd zisk&#8221; je v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pen\u011b\u017en\u00edho n\u00e1roku po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed poplatek z \u010d\u00e1stky n\u00e1roku a poplatek za \u00fasp\u011bch z uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky n\u00e1roku. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud po\u017eadujete n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody ve v\u00fd\u0161i 3 miliony jen\u016f a soud uzn\u00e1 2 miliony jen\u016f, po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed poplatek je 8% z 3 milion\u016f jen\u016f, co\u017e je 240 000 jen\u016f, a poplatek za \u00fasp\u011bch je 16% z 2 milion\u016f jen\u016f, co\u017e je 320 000 jen\u016f, celkem 560 000 jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, tento standard ji\u017e byl liberalizov\u00e1n, tak\u017ee p\u0159i skute\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159ijet\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadu uprav\u00edme \u010d\u00e1stku a v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed vzorec podle povahy a obt\u00ed\u017enosti p\u0159\u00edpadu, ale tato \u010d\u00edsla st\u00e1le funguj\u00ed jako jeden &#8220;standard&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_jsou_naklady_na_pravnika_uznavane_soudem\"><\/span>Co jsou n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00edka uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 soudem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u011b\u0165 plat\u00ed tuto \u010d\u00e1stku pr\u00e1vn\u00edkovi, tak\u017ee by se mohlo zd\u00e1t, \u017ee &#8220;n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00edka&#8221; jsou vlastn\u011b 560 tis\u00edc jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale soud nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 term\u00edn &#8220;p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fd kauz\u00e1ln\u00ed vztah&#8221; a uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 10% uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 \u0161kody jako &#8220;n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00edka&#8221; jako &#8220;n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00edka uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 soudem, pokud existuje p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fd kauz\u00e1ln\u00ed vztah&#8221;. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pokud nap\u0159\u00edklad po\u017eadujete od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 3 milion\u016f jen\u016f a soud uzn\u00e1 2 miliony jen\u016f, n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00edka uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 soudem jsou 10% z 2 milion\u016f jen\u016f, tedy 200 tis\u00edc jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto je diskuse o &#8220;protipr\u00e1vn\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;, pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na detaily. Protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed je situace, kdy ob\u011b\u0165 utrp\u00ed \u0161kodu kv\u016fli &#8220;nez\u00e1konn\u00e9&#8221; \u010dinnosti pachatele, ani\u017e by to bylo zalo\u017eeno na smlouv\u011b atd. Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je dopravn\u00ed nehoda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dopravn\u00edch nehod neexistuje mezi pachatelem a ob\u011bt\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd smluvn\u00ed vztah, a probl\u00e9m n\u00e1roku na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody vznik\u00e1 jednodu\u0161e t\u00edm, \u017ee pachatel &#8220;nez\u00e1konn\u011b&#8221; po\u0161kodil t\u011blo ob\u011bti atd. Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edpady pomluvy, kde neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd smluvn\u00ed vztah mezi pachatelem a ob\u011bt\u00ed, a probl\u00e9m n\u00e1roku na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody vznik\u00e1 jednodu\u0161e t\u00edm, \u017ee pachatel &#8220;nez\u00e1konn\u011b&#8221; poru\u0161il pr\u00e1vo ob\u011bti na cti, atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, pokud nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u016fj\u010d\u00edte pen\u00edze a nevr\u00e1t\u00ed se v\u00e1m, mezi \u017ealobcem a \u017ealovan\u00fdm existuje smlouva o spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9m \u00fav\u011bru, a budete po\u017eadovat vr\u00e1cen\u00ed p\u016fj\u010den\u00fdch pen\u011bz a \u00farok\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u00e9to smlouvy. Toto nen\u00ed &#8220;protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;, tak\u017ee v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 pravidlo se neuplat\u0148uje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b protipr\u00e1vn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, ne v\u017edy, ale v\u011bt\u0161inou je to 10% uzn\u00e1van\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f. Jak je z\u0159ejm\u00e9 z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edkladu, nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee to nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripadova_studie_o_pomluve_a_nakladech_na_pravni_sluzby\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e1 studie o pomluv\u011b a n\u00e1kladech na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e do\u0161lo k zpravodajstv\u00ed o podez\u0159en\u00ed z ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1pas\u016f v t\u00fdden\u00edku Gendai, Japonsk\u00e1 sumo asociace a b\u00fdval\u00fd p\u0159edseda Kita no Miho po\u017eadovali od vydavatele \u010dasopisu Kodansha a autora \u010dl\u00e1nku od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za po\u0161kozen\u00ed jejich cti. Tokijsk\u00fd okresn\u00ed soud dne 5. b\u0159ezna 2009 (Heisei 21) na\u0159\u00eddil Kodansha a autorovi zaplatit ka\u017ed\u00e9mu 7,7 milionu jen\u016f (7 milion\u016f jen\u016f jako od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed a 700 tis\u00edc jen\u016f na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1klady) a na\u0159\u00eddil zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed reklamy na odvol\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tokijsk\u00fd okresn\u00ed soud uvedl, \u017ee &#8220;\u010dl\u00e1nek byl naps\u00e1n bez proveden\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed fakt\u016f uveden\u00fdch v \u010dl\u00e1nku, a to i p\u0159esto, \u017ee bylo snadn\u00e9 se obr\u00e1tit na \u017ealobce Kita no Miho&#8221;. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bylo uzn\u00e1no vysok\u00e9 od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 7 milion\u016f jen\u016f, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee i &#8220;10%&#8221; \u010din\u00ed asi 700 tis\u00edc jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed je n\u00edzk\u00e9, na rozd\u00edl od v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edpadu, nap\u0159\u00edklad pokud je uzn\u00e1no od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed pouze 300 tis\u00edc jen\u016f, pak &#8220;10%&#8221; \u010din\u00ed pouze 30 tis\u00edc jen\u016f. To by mohlo b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad podez\u0159en\u00ed z ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1pas\u016f je pomluva ze strany t\u00fdden\u00edku, ale to sam\u00e9 plat\u00ed i pro internet. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e9 studie o n\u00e1kladech na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby dosp\u011bly k n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmu z\u00e1v\u011bru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_1_Pripad_kdy_nekdo_vystupoval_jako_nekdo_jiny_a_pomlouval_treti_osobu\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad 1: P\u0159\u00edpad, kdy n\u011bkdo vystupoval jako n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd a pomlouval t\u0159et\u00ed osobu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o p\u0159\u00edpad pomluvy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se za n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho. Bylo uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee od\u0161kodn\u00e9 ve v\u00fd\u0161i 600 000 jen\u016f zahrnuje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1klady ve v\u00fd\u0161i 120 000 jen\u016f. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tvo\u0159ily pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1klady 20% od\u0161kodn\u00e9ho. A\u010dkoli to nen\u00ed v\u017edy obecn\u00e9 pravidlo, zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy je od\u0161kodn\u00e9 n\u00edzk\u00e9, mohou b\u00fdt pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1klady vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1ny jako 20% od\u0161kodn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_2_Pripad_opakovanych_prispevku_tvrdicich_ze_zalobce_fotil_v_damskych_toaletach\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad 2: P\u0159\u00edpad opakovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f tvrd\u00edc\u00edch, \u017ee \u017ealobce fotil v d\u00e1msk\u00fdch toalet\u00e1ch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy byly publikov\u00e1ny nepravdiv\u00e9 informace o tom, \u017ee \u017ealobce fotil v d\u00e1msk\u00fdch toalet\u00e1ch. Byla uzn\u00e1na n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody ve v\u00fd\u0161i 1 milion jen\u016f a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1klady ve v\u00fd\u0161i 100 tis\u00edc jen\u016f. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1klady \u010dinily 10% n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_3_Pripad_opakovane_pomluvy_vedeckeho_spisovatele\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad 3: P\u0159\u00edpad opakovan\u00e9 pomluvy v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho spisovatele<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy byla na Twitteru opakovan\u011b pomlouv\u00e1na v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 pracovnice. Byla uzn\u00e1na n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody ve v\u00fd\u0161i 2 milion\u016f jen\u016f a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1klady ve v\u00fd\u0161i 200 tis\u00edc jen\u016f. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1klady \u010dinily 10% n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010c\u00e1stka, kterou lze po pachateli po\u017eadovat jako n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, se sice za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 zvy\u0161ovat, ale st\u00e1le je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzk\u00e1. I kdy\u017e je uzn\u00e1na pomluva a je p\u0159izn\u00e1na n\u00e1hrada \u0161kody, pen\u00edze, kter\u00e9 z\u016fstanou ob\u011bti, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebudou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9. To je nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 jako &#8220;n\u00e1hrada za vnit\u0159n\u00ed bolest&#8221;, kterou ob\u011b\u0165 utrp\u011bla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak pokud se poda\u0159\u00ed identifikovat pachatele a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b po\u017eadovat n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, ob\u011b\u0165 obecn\u011b nebude muset n\u00e9st n\u00e1klady. Detailn\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed o b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch n\u00e1kladech na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby pro identifikaci pachatele a o tom, kolik pen\u011bz nakonec z\u016fstane ob\u011bti, najdete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/reputation-lawyers-fee\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/reputation-lawyers-fee[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A u n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody po\u017eadovan\u00e9 od pachatele existuje takzvan\u00e1 &#8220;proml\u010dec\u00ed lh\u016fta&#8221;. Detailn\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed tohoto bodu najdete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/prescription-of-defamation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/prescription-of-defamation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud chcete st\u00edhat pachatele, kte\u0159\u00ed opakovan\u011b pomlouvaj\u00ed, nechcete to nechat jen tak a chcete, aby se pachatel zamyslel nad sv\u00fdmi \u010diny, obra\u0165te se na zku\u0161en\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edka. M\u016f\u017eete z\u00edskat podrobn\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed o pr\u016fb\u011bhu soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a postupu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pomluv na internetu, pokud pachatel provede neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek, jako je po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti, m\u016f\u017ee ob\u011b\u0165 po\u017eadovat od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed od pachatele. Jak\u00e9 &#8220;\u0161kody&#8221; lze v takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech po\u017eadov [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63109,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61296"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61296"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63110,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61296\/revisions\/63110"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63109"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}