{"id":61339,"date":"2023-12-08T20:25:30","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:25:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61339"},"modified":"2024-03-26T17:51:06","modified_gmt":"2024-03-26T08:51:06","slug":"act-on-the-protection-of-personal-information-privacy-issues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/act-on-the-protection-of-personal-information-privacy-issues","title":{"rendered":"Co je z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f a osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje? Vysv\u011btluje pr\u00e1vn\u00edk"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, kter\u00fd byl revidov\u00e1n v roce 2015 (a vstoupil v platnost od roku 2017), je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm p\u0159edpisem p\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f s osobn\u00edmi \u00fadaji v podnikatelsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti a jasn\u011b vymezuje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed povinnosti subjekt\u016f zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje. Do roku 2015 (roku 27 \u00e9ry Heisei) byli subjekty zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje omezeny na ty, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly v\u00edce ne\u017e 5000 osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, tak\u017ee existovalo mnoho firem, kter\u00e9 nebyly subjekty zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje, jako jsou mal\u00e9 podniky. Av\u0161ak po revizi v roce 2015 tato podm\u00ednka zmizela, tak\u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny firmy se staly subjekty zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje, co\u017e se stalo nevyhnuteln\u00fdm z\u00e1konem i pro majitele mal\u00fdch podnik\u016f. Pro pot\u0159eby jako je internetov\u00fd obchod, e-mailov\u00e9 zpravodaje, vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 po\u0161ty nebo karty s body pro fyzick\u00e9 obchody, je nutn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1vat osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f, jako jsou jm\u00e9na a e-mailov\u00e9 adresy, tak\u017ee je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edt z\u00e1kladn\u00ed znalosti o z\u00e1kon\u011b o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/act-on-the-protection-of-personal-information-privacy-issues\/#Ucel_a_definice_zakona_o_ochrane_osobnich_udaju_Japonsky_zakon_o_ochrane_osobnich_udaju\" title=\"\u00da\u010del a definice z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f (Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f)\">\u00da\u010del a definice z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f (Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/act-on-the-protection-of-personal-information-privacy-issues\/#Pravidla_pro_zachazeni_s_osobnimi_udaji\" title=\"Pravidla pro zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s osobn\u00edmi \u00fadaji\">Pravidla pro zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s osobn\u00edmi \u00fadaji<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/act-on-the-protection-of-personal-information-privacy-issues\/#Pravidla_pro_spravu_a_dohled\" title=\"Pravidla pro spr\u00e1vu a dohled\">Pravidla pro spr\u00e1vu a dohled<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/act-on-the-protection-of-personal-information-privacy-issues\/#Poruseni_povinnosti_bezpecne_spravy\" title=\"Poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnosti bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy\">Poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnosti bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/act-on-the-protection-of-personal-information-privacy-issues\/#%E2%80%9CPoskytovani_tretim_stranam%E2%80%9D_a_%E2%80%9Cpovereni%E2%80%9D\" title=\"&#8220;Poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m&#8221; a &#8220;pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed&#8221;\">&#8220;Poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m&#8221; a &#8220;pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed&#8221;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/act-on-the-protection-of-personal-information-privacy-issues\/#Zajisteni_spravneho_zachazeni_s_osobnimi_udaji_prostrednictvim_zapojeni_subjektu_udaju\" title=\"Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s osobn\u00edmi \u00fadaji prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zapojen\u00ed subjektu \u00fadaj\u016f\">Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s osobn\u00edmi \u00fadaji prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zapojen\u00ed subjektu \u00fadaj\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/act-on-the-protection-of-personal-information-privacy-issues\/#Tresty_za_unik_osobnich_udaju\" title=\"Tresty za \u00fanik osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f\">Tresty za \u00fanik osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/act-on-the-protection-of-personal-information-privacy-issues\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ucel_a_definice_zakona_o_ochrane_osobnich_udaju_Japonsky_zakon_o_ochrane_osobnich_udaju\"><\/span>\u00da\u010del a definice z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f (Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shutterstock_295256567-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7493\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Vysv\u011btl\u00edme obecn\u00fd p\u0159ehled a definice z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak\u00fd je konkr\u00e9tn\u011b z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f? Pod\u00edvejme se na jeho p\u0159ehled. Nejprve \u010dl\u00e1nek 1 jasn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u00fa\u010del tohoto z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek 1 z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f<br>Tento z\u00e1kon m\u00e1 za c\u00edl chr\u00e1nit pr\u00e1va a z\u00e1jmy jednotlivc\u016f, zat\u00edmco bere v \u00favahu u\u017eite\u010dnost osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, stanovuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy a vl\u00e1dn\u00ed politiku t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s osobn\u00edmi \u00fadaji a jasn\u011b definuje povinnosti st\u00e1tu a m\u00edstn\u00edch ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch subjekt\u016f, stejn\u011b jako povinnosti podnikatel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje, s c\u00edlem p\u0159isp\u011bt k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed a dynamick\u00e9 ekonomiky a bohat\u00e9ho \u017eivota ob\u010dan\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho a efektivn\u00edho vyu\u017eit\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f v d\u016fsledku v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f v d\u016fsledku pokroku v informa\u010dn\u00ed a komunika\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<br><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>To je uvedeno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek 2 definuje osobn\u00ed informace, osobn\u00ed data a dr\u017een\u00e1 osobn\u00ed data (odstavce 1, 4 a 5 \u010dl\u00e1nku 2).<br> &#8220;Osobn\u00ed informace&#8221; podle z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f jsou &#8220;informace o existuj\u00edc\u00edch jednotlivc\u00edch&#8221;, kter\u00e9 &#8220;mohou identifikovat konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed jednotlivce&#8221; &#8220;podle jm\u00e9na, data narozen\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch popis\u016f obsa\u017een\u00fdch v t\u011bchto informac\u00edch (v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt identifikov\u00e1ny porovn\u00e1n\u00edm s jin\u00fdmi informacemi). &#8220;Osobn\u00ed data&#8221; jsou datab\u00e1zov\u00e9 informace o jednotlivc\u00edch vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem, a z nich\u017e ty, kter\u00e9 podnikatel dr\u017e\u00ed d\u00e9le ne\u017e \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, jsou &#8220;dr\u017een\u00e1 osobn\u00ed data&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pot\u0159eba ochrany osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na tom, zda jsou datab\u00e1zov\u00e1ny. Osobn\u00ed data jsou datab\u00e1zov\u00e9 a systematicky strukturovan\u00e9 osobn\u00ed informace, kter\u00e9 lze snadno vyhled\u00e1vat atd., a proto\u017ee je pravd\u011bpodobnost poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, je jim poskytnuta siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ochrana ne\u017e obecn\u00fdm osobn\u00edm informac\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je\u0161t\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ochrana je poskytnuta dr\u017een\u00fdm osobn\u00edm dat\u016fm, kter\u00e1 jsou osobn\u00ed data, na kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 subjekt zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f pr\u00e1vo na zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed, opravu, p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed nebo odstran\u011bn\u00ed obsahu, zastaven\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed, vymaz\u00e1n\u00ed a zastaven\u00ed poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m (odstavec 7 \u010dl\u00e1nku 2), a pro dr\u017een\u00e1 osobn\u00ed data je uzn\u00e1na \u017e\u00e1dost o zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed, opravu, zastaven\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed atd., s ohledem na po\u017eadavek, aby subjekt mohl \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zapojit sv\u00e9 informace (bude pops\u00e1no n\u00ed\u017ee).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravidla_pro_zachazeni_s_osobnimi_udaji\"><\/span>Pravidla pro zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s osobn\u00edmi \u00fadaji<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby se zabr\u00e1nilo nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu vyu\u017eit\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, je nutn\u00e9 stanovit pravidla pro jejich spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed. Mus\u00edme jasn\u011b specifikovat \u00fa\u010del, pro kter\u00fd budou osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje vyu\u017eity, a omezit jejich zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pouze na rozsah nezbytn\u00fd pro dosa\u017een\u00ed tohoto \u00fa\u010delu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto, subjekty zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje mus\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f co nejv\u00edce specifikovat \u00fa\u010del jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 15 odstavec 1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nezpracov\u00e1vat osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje nad r\u00e1mec nezbytn\u00fd pro dosa\u017een\u00ed stanoven\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010delu (\u010dl\u00e1nek 16 odstavec 1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nez\u00edsk\u00e1vat osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje podvodem nebo jin\u00fdmi nekal\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky (\u010dl\u00e1nek 17 odstavec 1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud byly osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje z\u00edsk\u00e1ny, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u00fa\u010del jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed ozn\u00e1men nebo zve\u0159ejn\u011bn (\u010dl\u00e1nek 18)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto jsou po\u017eadavky z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. Vy\u017eaduje, aby podniky vyu\u017e\u00edvaly osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed k dispozici, v souladu s p\u0159edem specifikovan\u00fdm a zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, je nutn\u00e9 &#8220;specifikovat a zve\u0159ejnit \u00fa\u010del, pro kter\u00fd mohou b\u00fdt osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje vyu\u017eity&#8221;. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, nen\u00ed nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 &#8220;vyu\u017e\u00edvat osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje pro zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed reklam odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch profilu u\u017eivatele&#8221;, ale je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159edem zve\u0159ejnit tento \u00fa\u010del. Zp\u016fsob zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed nen\u00ed specificky stanoven, ale obvykle se to d\u011bje formou &#8220;Z\u00e1sad ochrany soukrom\u00ed&#8221; nebo &#8220;Politiky ochrany osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, takzvan\u00e9 citliv\u00e9 informace, neboli osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed z\u0159etel, jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bny p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi pravidly ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje. Z\u00e1sadn\u011b je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no je z\u00edsk\u00e1vat bez souhlasu dot\u010den\u00e9 osoby (\u010dl\u00e1nek 17 odstavec 2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed z\u0159etel jsou definov\u00e1ny jako:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek 2 odstavec 3<br>V tomto z\u00e1kon\u011b se pod &#8220;osobn\u00edmi \u00fadaji vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edmi zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed z\u0159etel&#8221; rozum\u00ed informace, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed \u00fadaje o rase, v\u00ed\u0159e, soci\u00e1ln\u00edm postaven\u00ed, zdravotn\u00ed anamn\u00e9ze, trestn\u00ed minulosti, skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee osoba byla po\u0161kozena trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem, a dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fadaje, jejich\u017e zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u017eaduje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed z\u0159etel, aby nedo\u0161lo k nespravedliv\u00e9 diskriminaci, p\u0159edsudk\u016fm nebo jin\u00fdm nev\u00fdhod\u00e1m pro dot\u010denou osobu, jak je stanoveno vl\u00e1dn\u00edm na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto zahrnuje tak\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky zdravotn\u00edch prohl\u00eddek, l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 rady, l\u00e9\u010dbu, l\u00e9kovou terapii, skute\u010dnost, \u017ee bylo zah\u00e1jeno trestn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nebo \u017ee bylo zah\u00e1jeno \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se ochrany ml\u00e1de\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Striktn\u00ed regulace, kter\u00e1 zakazuje &#8220;z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed z\u0159etel bez souhlasu dot\u010den\u00e9 osoby, pokud neexistuje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u00fdjimka, je zavedena proto, \u017ee se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee tyto informace mohou v\u00e9st k diskriminaci nebo p\u0159edsudk\u016fm, pokud jsou z\u00edsk\u00e1ny a zpracov\u00e1ny i v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy se nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee by bylo jejich z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravidla_pro_spravu_a_dohled\"><\/span>Pravidla pro spr\u00e1vu a dohled<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shutterstock_98405249-1024x770.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7494\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> <br>Je stanoveno, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt nezbytn\u00fd a vhodn\u00fd dohled nad zam\u011bstnanci, aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Mnoho lid\u00ed se ob\u00e1v\u00e1 a c\u00edt\u00ed se nepohodln\u011b, kdy\u017e dojde k \u00faniku nebo pozm\u011bn\u011bn\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u datab\u00e1zov\u00fdch osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k mnoha situac\u00edm, kter\u00e9 vedou k soci\u00e1ln\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm, jako je hromadn\u00fd \u00fanik informac\u00ed o z\u00e1kazn\u00edc\u00edch. Proto jsou subjekty zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje povinny p\u0159ijmout nezbytn\u00e1 a vhodn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed (bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed) pro bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f (\u010dl\u00e1nek 20).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Poruseni_povinnosti_bezpecne_spravy\"><\/span>Poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnosti bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve skute\u010dnosti, v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy do\u0161lo k \u00faniku nebo odtoku osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f na internetu atd., je \u010dasto uzn\u00e1v\u00e1no poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnosti bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy, a obsah bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00fd bere v \u00favahu charakteristiky mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch podnik\u016f, je jasn\u011b uveden v &#8220;Pokynu k z\u00e1konu o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f (obecn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st)&#8221; (Komise pro ochranu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f), tak\u017ee je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat tento pokyn, nejen pro dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku 20 z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 pro p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed situac\u00edm, kdy je zodpov\u011bdnost za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e1 na poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u00fanikem informac\u00ed na internetu atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, bez ohledu na to, jak dob\u0159e jsou syst\u00e9my a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nastaveny, jejich spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 provozov\u00e1n\u00ed je nakonec sv\u011b\u0159eno lidem, tak\u017ee &#8220;subjekty zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje jsou povinny prov\u00e1d\u011bt nezbytn\u00fd a vhodn\u00fd dohled nad sv\u00fdmi zam\u011bstnanci, aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, kdy\u017e je sv\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed se zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f&#8221; (\u010dl\u00e1nek 21).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/trends-in-personal-information-leakage-and-loss-accidents-in-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/trends-in-personal-information-leakage-and-loss-accidents-in-2019[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee prodej nebo odn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kaznick\u00fdch dat zam\u011bstnancem m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st nejen k tomu, \u017ee zam\u011bstnanec s\u00e1m nese odpov\u011bdnost za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 709 ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku), ale tak\u00e9 k tomu, \u017ee subjekt zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e9st odpov\u011bdnost za u\u017eivatele (\u010dl\u00e1nek 715 ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku), tak\u017ee je t\u0159eba b\u00fdt opatrn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CPoskytovani_tretim_stranam%E2%80%9D_a_%E2%80%9Cpovereni%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8220;Poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m&#8221; a &#8220;pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f zakazuje poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f &#8220;t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m&#8221;, i kdy\u017e je to pro \u00fa\u010dely, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159edem ozn\u00e1meny, pokud neexistuje souhlas. Av\u0161ak, pokud tento pravidlo d\u00e1le rozv\u00edj\u00edme, &#8220;um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze s informacemi o z\u00e1kazn\u00edc\u00edch na pronajat\u00e9m serveru by tak\u00e9 bylo nez\u00e1konn\u00e9&#8221;. To proto, \u017ee pronajat\u00fd server je pro podnikatele &#8220;t\u0159et\u00ed strana&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, &#8220;poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m&#8221; je v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b povoleno v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b &#8220;pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed&#8221;, a je povoleno, pokud je &#8220;pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed&#8221; poskytnuto osob\u011b, kter\u00e1 informace nevyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pronajat\u00fd server pouze uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 informace a nevyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 je. Takov\u00e9 pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed strany k zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f je \u010dasto prov\u00e1d\u011bno, ale aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo situac\u00edm, kdy pov\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 strana zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 informace nevhodn\u011b, nebo kdy\u017e se odpov\u011bdnost st\u00e1v\u00e1 nejasnou v d\u016fsledku opakovan\u00e9ho hierarchick\u00e9ho pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, &#8220;subjekty zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje jsou povinny prov\u00e1d\u011bt nezbytn\u00fd a vhodn\u00fd dohled nad osobou, kter\u00e9 bylo pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ijato, aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly pov\u011b\u0159eny k zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; (\u010dl\u00e1nek 22).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zajisteni_spravneho_zachazeni_s_osobnimi_udaji_prostrednictvim_zapojeni_subjektu_udaju\"><\/span>Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s osobn\u00edmi \u00fadaji prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zapojen\u00ed subjektu \u00fadaj\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/shutterstock_1117015901-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7495\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> <br>Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f je jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ot\u00e1zek t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f a soukrom\u00ed.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f (japonsk\u00fd Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f) umo\u017e\u0148uje subjektu \u00fadaj\u016f, za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, po\u017eadovat od spr\u00e1vce osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 28), opravu, dopln\u011bn\u00ed nebo vymaz\u00e1n\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 29) a zastaven\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 30) jeho osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. Je jasn\u011b stanoveno, \u017ee tato zapojen\u00ed subjektu \u00fadaj\u016f jsou pr\u00e1va na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody v ob\u010dansk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu, a pokud spr\u00e1vce osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f na tuto \u017e\u00e1dost nereaguje, m\u016f\u017ee subjekt \u00fadaj\u016f uplatnit sv\u00e1 pr\u00e1va prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud subjekt \u00fadaj\u016f po\u017eaduje, spr\u00e1vce osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f mus\u00ed zve\u0159ejnit jeho osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje, pokud jsou tyto \u00fadaje nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9, mus\u00ed je opravit, a pokud je zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s \u00fadaji v rozporu s pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi povinnostmi, jako je pou\u017eit\u00ed mimo stanoven\u00fd \u00fa\u010del, nevhodn\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f nebo poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m bez souhlasu subjektu \u00fadaj\u016f, mus\u00ed zastavit pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto \u00fadaj\u016f. Jak ji\u017e bylo uvedeno, Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f je z\u00e1konem, kter\u00fd se sna\u017e\u00ed chr\u00e1nit pr\u00e1va ob\u010dan\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 povinnosti spr\u00e1vc\u016fm osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tresty_za_unik_osobnich_udaju\"><\/span>Tresty za \u00fanik osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve &#8220;japonsk\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f&#8221; jsou stanoveny tresty pro p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy podnikatel neopatrn\u011b umo\u017en\u00ed \u00fanik osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud podnikatel poru\u0161\u00ed &#8220;japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f&#8221; a dojde k \u00faniku informac\u00ed, nejprve dostane od st\u00e1tu &#8220;doporu\u010den\u00ed k p\u0159ijet\u00ed nezbytn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed k n\u00e1prav\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed a zastaven\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; (\u010dl\u00e1nek 42). Pokud dojde k poru\u0161en\u00ed tohoto doporu\u010den\u00ed, zam\u011bstnanec, kter\u00fd poru\u0161en\u00ed sp\u00e1chal, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt potrest\u00e1n &#8220;v\u011bzen\u00edm na dobu nejv\u00fd\u0161e \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f nebo pokutou do v\u00fd\u0161e 300 000 jen\u016f&#8221; (\u010dl\u00e1nek 84), a tak\u00e9 spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 tohoto zam\u011bstnance zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt potrest\u00e1na &#8220;pokutou do v\u00fd\u0161e 300 000 jen\u016f&#8221; (\u010dl\u00e1nek 85). Pokud byly informace poskytnuty nebo ukradeny za \u00fa\u010delem z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho zisku, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ulo\u017een trest &#8220;v\u011bzen\u00ed na dobu nejv\u00fd\u0161e jednoho roku nebo pokuta do v\u00fd\u0161e 500 000 jen\u016f&#8221; (\u010dl\u00e1nek 83), a to i bez p\u0159edchoz\u00edho doporu\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/risk-of-company-personal-information-leak-compensation-for-damages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/risk-of-company-personal-information-leak-compensation-for-damages[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f (Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f) je z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd po\u017eaduje od subjekt\u016f zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje, aby tyto \u00fadaje spr\u00e1vn\u011b zpracov\u00e1vali a p\u0159ij\u00edmali nezbytn\u00e1 a vhodn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro jejich bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Tento z\u00e1kon je nezbytn\u00fd a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny podniky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, kter\u00fd byl revidov\u00e1n v roce 2015 (a vstoupil v platnost od roku 2017), je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm p\u0159edpisem p\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f s osobn\u00edmi \u00fadaji v podnikatelsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti a  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63391,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,29],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61339"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61339"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61339\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63392,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61339\/revisions\/63392"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63391"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}