{"id":61413,"date":"2023-12-08T20:25:33","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:25:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61413"},"modified":"2024-03-26T07:34:21","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T22:34:21","slug":"discretionary-labor-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/discretionary-labor-system","title":{"rendered":"Co je to syst\u00e9m pr\u00e1ce na z\u00e1klad\u011b uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed? Je to vhodn\u00e9 pro program\u00e1tory?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V posledn\u00edch letech se hlasit\u011b vol\u00e1 po reform\u011b pracovn\u00edch metod a r\u016fzn\u00e9 formy pr\u00e1ce, jako je telepr\u00e1ce nebo pr\u00e1ce z domova, se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed rostouc\u00ed pozornosti. Mezi t\u011bmito r\u016fzn\u00fdmi pracovn\u00edmi metodami existuje syst\u00e9m naz\u00fdvan\u00fd &#8220;discre\u010dn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m&#8221; (japonsk\u00fd ~\u88c1\u91cf\u52b4\u50cd\u5236~). Mnoho lid\u00ed u\u017e sly\u0161elo o tomto term\u00ednu, ale nemus\u00ed ho nutn\u011b pln\u011b rozum\u011bt. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku nejprve vysv\u011btl\u00edme, co znamen\u00e1 discre\u010dn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Pot\u00e9 se budeme v\u011bnovat ot\u00e1zce, zda je tento syst\u00e9m vhodn\u00fd pro program\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/discretionary-labor-system\/#Co_je_to_pracovni_doba_na_zaklade_uvazeni\" title=\"Co je to pracovn\u00ed doba na z\u00e1klad\u011b uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed\">Co je to pracovn\u00ed doba na z\u00e1klad\u011b uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/discretionary-labor-system\/#Co_je_cilovou_praci_pro_system_diskrecni_prace\" title=\"Co je c\u00edlovou prac\u00ed pro syst\u00e9m diskre\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce\">Co je c\u00edlovou prac\u00ed pro syst\u00e9m diskre\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/discretionary-labor-system\/#Je_mozne_uplatnit_system_pruzne_pracovni_doby_na_programatory\" title=\"Je mo\u017en\u00e9 uplatnit syst\u00e9m pru\u017en\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed doby na program\u00e1tory?\">Je mo\u017en\u00e9 uplatnit syst\u00e9m pru\u017en\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed doby na program\u00e1tory?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/discretionary-labor-system\/#Sporne_pracovni_pozice\" title=\"Sporn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed pozice\">Sporn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed pozice<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/discretionary-labor-system\/#Vyznam_prace_na_analyze_nebo_navrhu_informacniho_zpracovani_systemu\" title=\"V\u00fdznam pr\u00e1ce na anal\u00fdze nebo n\u00e1vrhu informa\u010dn\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu\">V\u00fdznam pr\u00e1ce na anal\u00fdze nebo n\u00e1vrhu informa\u010dn\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/discretionary-labor-system\/#Co_je_%E2%80%9Cinformacni_zpracovani_systemu%E2%80%9D\" title=\"Co je &#8220;informa\u010dn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu&#8221;\">Co je &#8220;informa\u010dn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/discretionary-labor-system\/#Co_je_%E2%80%9Cprace_na_analyze_nebo_navrhu_informacniho_zpracovani_systemu%E2%80%9D\" title=\"Co je &#8220;pr\u00e1ce na anal\u00fdze nebo n\u00e1vrhu informa\u010dn\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu&#8221;\">Co je &#8220;pr\u00e1ce na anal\u00fdze nebo n\u00e1vrhu informa\u010dn\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu&#8221;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/discretionary-labor-system\/#Rozsudek_ktery_rozhodl_o_tom_zda_se_na_programatory_vztahuje_system_diskrecni_prace\" title=\"Rozsudek, kter\u00fd rozhodl o tom, zda se na program\u00e1tory vztahuje syst\u00e9m diskre\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce\">Rozsudek, kter\u00fd rozhodl o tom, zda se na program\u00e1tory vztahuje syst\u00e9m diskre\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/discretionary-labor-system\/#Prehled_pripadu\" title=\"P\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edpadu\">P\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edpadu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/discretionary-labor-system\/#Sporne_body_souvisejici_s_timto_clankem\" title=\"Sporn\u00e9 body souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s t\u00edmto \u010dl\u00e1nkem\">Sporn\u00e9 body souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s t\u00edmto \u010dl\u00e1nkem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/discretionary-labor-system\/#Rozhodnuti_soudu\" title=\"Rozhodnut\u00ed soudu\">Rozhodnut\u00ed soudu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/discretionary-labor-system\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_to_pracovni_doba_na_zaklade_uvazeni\"><\/span>Co je to pracovn\u00ed doba na z\u00e1klad\u011b uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pracovn\u00ed doba na z\u00e1klad\u011b uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed se d\u011bl\u00ed na syst\u00e9m uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed pro odborn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce a syst\u00e9m uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed pro pl\u00e1novac\u00ed pr\u00e1ce. Syst\u00e9m uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed pro odborn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce je &#8220;syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd pova\u017euje za pracovn\u00ed dobu p\u0159edem stanovenou dobu, pokud zam\u011bstnavatel skute\u010dn\u011b zam\u011bstn\u00e1 zam\u011bstnance v pr\u00e1ci, kter\u00e1 je stanovena zam\u011bstnavatelem a zam\u011bstnancem z pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e1 je stanovena na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed a ozn\u00e1men\u00edm ministra zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed jako pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje, aby byly zna\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky a metody prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u010dasu atd. ponech\u00e1ny na uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed zam\u011bstnance kv\u016fli povaze pr\u00e1ce&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, syst\u00e9m uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed pro pl\u00e1novac\u00ed pr\u00e1ce je &#8220;syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd se sna\u017e\u00ed zlep\u0161it efektivitu pr\u00e1ce a produktivitu t\u00edm, \u017ee se zam\u011b\u0159uje v\u00edce na v\u00fdsledky t\u00edm, \u017ee ponech\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed o prost\u0159edc\u00edch a rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u010dasu prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdm rozsahem pr\u00e1ce v r\u016fzn\u00fdch odd\u011blen\u00edch spole\u010dnosti&#8221;. Pro program\u00e1tory je probl\u00e9mem uplatn\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9mu uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed pro odborn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, tak\u017ee n\u00ed\u017ee vysv\u011btl\u00edme syst\u00e9m uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed pro odborn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Syst\u00e9m uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed pro odborn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce je stanoven v \u010dl\u00e1nku 38, odstavec 3, bod 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch standardech (z\u00e1kon o pracovn\u00edch standardech), kter\u00fd stanovuje, \u017ee &#8220;je to syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd pova\u017euje za pracovn\u00ed dobu p\u0159edem stanovenou dobu, pokud zam\u011bstnavatel skute\u010dn\u011b zam\u011bstn\u00e1 zam\u011bstnance v pr\u00e1ci, kter\u00e1 je stanovena zam\u011bstnavatelem a zam\u011bstnancem z pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e1 je stanovena na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed a ozn\u00e1men\u00edm ministra zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed jako pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje, aby byly zna\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky a metody prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u010dasu atd. ponech\u00e1ny na uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed zam\u011bstnance kv\u016fli povaze pr\u00e1ce&#8221;.<br>\u203bOdkaz (webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed) https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/general\/seido\/roudou\/senmon\/index.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/checkpoints-of-employment-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/checkpoints-of-employment-agreement[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_cilovou_praci_pro_system_diskrecni_prace\"><\/span>Co je c\u00edlovou prac\u00ed pro syst\u00e9m diskre\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1349532245-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6164\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed stanovilo c\u00edlov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce pro syst\u00e9m diskre\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce pro odborn\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Syst\u00e9m diskre\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce pro odborn\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky mus\u00ed b\u00fdt, jak je uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, prac\u00ed stanovenou v na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed (na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch standardech) a ozn\u00e1men\u00ed ministra zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed.<br>V na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed a ozn\u00e1men\u00ed ministra zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed jsou uvedeny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed 19 prac\u00ed jako c\u00edlov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>(1) V\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch produkt\u016f nebo nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed nebo v\u00fdzkum v oblasti humanitn\u00edch nebo p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd<br> (2) Anal\u00fdza nebo n\u00e1vrh informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd kombinuje n\u011bkolik prvk\u016f za \u00fa\u010delem zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed pomoc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a kter\u00fd je z\u00e1kladem pro n\u00e1vrh programu.)<br> (3) Pr\u00e1ce na shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo \u00faprav\u011b \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f v novin\u00e1ch nebo vydavatelstv\u00ed nebo pr\u00e1ce na shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo \u00faprav\u011b pro v\u00fdrobu vys\u00edlac\u00edch program\u016f podle z\u00e1kona o vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed (z\u00e1kon \u010d. 132 z roku 1950 (Showa 25)) \u010dl\u00e1nek 2 odstavec 4 nebo z\u00e1kona o regulaci provozu kabelov\u00e9ho rozhlasov\u00e9ho vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed (z\u00e1kon \u010d. 135 z roku 1951 (Showa 26)) \u010dl\u00e1nek 2 nebo z\u00e1kona o kabelov\u00e9m televizn\u00edm vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed (z\u00e1kon \u010d. 114 z roku 1972 (Showa 47)) \u010dl\u00e1nek 2 odstavec 1 (d\u00e1le jen &#8220;vys\u00edlac\u00ed programy&#8221;).<br> (4) Pr\u00e1ce na vym\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed nov\u00fdch design\u016f pro oble\u010den\u00ed, interi\u00e9rovou v\u00fdzdobu, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, reklamy atd.<br> (5) Pr\u00e1ce producenta nebo re\u017eis\u00e9ra v oblasti v\u00fdroby vys\u00edlac\u00edch program\u016f, film\u016f atd.<br> (6) Pr\u00e1ce na vym\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed text\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se obsahu, vlastnost\u00ed atd. produkt\u016f v reklam\u011b, propagaci atd. (tzv. pr\u00e1ce copywritera)<br> (7) Pr\u00e1ce na identifikaci probl\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159i vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu v provozu podniku nebo na vym\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed nebo poradenstv\u00ed ohledn\u011b zp\u016fsob\u016f jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed (tzv. pr\u00e1ce syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho konzultanta)<br> (8) Pr\u00e1ce na vym\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed, vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed nebo poradenstv\u00ed ohledn\u011b um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed sv\u011btel, n\u00e1bytku atd. v budov\u00e1ch (tzv. pr\u00e1ce interi\u00e9rov\u00e9ho koordin\u00e1tora)<br> (9) Pr\u00e1ce na tvorb\u011b softwaru pro hry<br> (10) Pr\u00e1ce na anal\u00fdze, hodnocen\u00ed trend\u016f na trhu cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f nebo hodnoty cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f nebo poradenstv\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se investic na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho (tzv. pr\u00e1ce analytika cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f)<br> (11) Pr\u00e1ce na v\u00fdvoji finan\u010dn\u00edch produkt\u016f pomoc\u00ed znalost\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed atd.<br> (12) Pr\u00e1ce na v\u00fdzkumu profesor\u016f na univerzit\u00e1ch podle z\u00e1kona o \u0161kolsk\u00e9m vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed (z\u00e1kon \u010d. 26 z roku 1947 (Showa 22)) (omezeno na ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se hlavn\u011b v\u011bnuj\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu.)<br> (13) Pr\u00e1ce certifikovan\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010detn\u00edho<br> (14) Pr\u00e1ce advok\u00e1ta<br> (15) Pr\u00e1ce architekta (prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda architekt, druh\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda architekt a d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd architekt)<br> (16) Pr\u00e1ce realitn\u00edho hodnotitele<br> (17) Pr\u00e1ce patentov\u00e9ho z\u00e1stupce<br> (18) Pr\u00e1ce da\u0148ov\u00e9ho poradce<br> (19) Pr\u00e1ce diagnostika mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch podnik\u016f<\/p>\n<cite>(Ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/general\/seido\/roudou\/senmon\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/general\/seido\/roudou\/senmon\/index.html[ja]<\/a>)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 19 c\u00edlov\u00fdch prac\u00ed vy\u017eaduje vysokou odbornost a je nutn\u00e9 \u0161iroce uznat diskreci pracovn\u00edk\u016f, a proto jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b stanoveny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Je_mozne_uplatnit_system_pruzne_pracovni_doby_na_programatory\"><\/span>Je mo\u017en\u00e9 uplatnit syst\u00e9m pru\u017en\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed doby na program\u00e1tory?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e jsme vysv\u011btlili, na jak\u00e9 typy pracovn\u00edch pozic se m\u016f\u017ee uplatnit syst\u00e9m pru\u017en\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed doby pro odborn\u00e9 pozice. Ale je mezi tyto pozice zahrnut\u00fd i program\u00e1tor? N\u00ed\u017ee vysv\u011btl\u00edme, zda se na pozici program\u00e1tora m\u016f\u017ee uplatnit syst\u00e9m pru\u017en\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed doby pro odborn\u00e9 pozice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sporne_pracovni_pozice\"><\/span>Sporn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed pozice<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Program\u00e1tor je osoba nebo profese, kter\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed programy. Hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1pln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce program\u00e1tora je vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du v programovac\u00edm jazyce na z\u00e1klad\u011b specifikac\u00ed softwaru. Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na tuto n\u00e1pl\u0148 pr\u00e1ce program\u00e1tora, ot\u00e1zkou je, zda se na program\u00e1tora m\u016f\u017ee uplatnit syst\u00e9m pru\u017en\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed doby pro odborn\u00e9 pozice, a to z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, zda lze pr\u00e1ci program\u00e1tora pova\u017eovat za &#8220;anal\u00fdzu nebo n\u00e1vrh informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd kombinuje n\u011bkolik prvk\u016f s c\u00edlem zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed pomoc\u00ed elektronick\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a kter\u00fd je z\u00e1kladem pro n\u00e1vrh programu).&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyznam_prace_na_analyze_nebo_navrhu_informacniho_zpracovani_systemu\"><\/span>V\u00fdznam pr\u00e1ce na anal\u00fdze nebo n\u00e1vrhu informa\u010dn\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e se mluv\u00ed o &#8220;pr\u00e1ci na anal\u00fdze nebo n\u00e1vrhu informa\u010dn\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu&#8221;, nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 z textu z\u00e1kona p\u0159esn\u011b pochopit, co toto konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed znamen\u00e1. Proto Tokijsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad pr\u00e1ce a inspekce pracovn\u00edch norem zve\u0159ejnil dokument s n\u00e1zvem &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/nagoyajinji.com\/img\/pdf\/roudou02-07.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu pracovn\u00ed doby na z\u00e1klad\u011b odborn\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f[ja]<\/a>&#8220;, kter\u00fd vysv\u011btluje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed obsah c\u00edlov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_%E2%80%9Cinformacni_zpracovani_systemu%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>Co je &#8220;informa\u010dn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V dokumentu &#8220;Pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu pracovn\u00ed doby na z\u00e1klad\u011b odborn\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f&#8221; je &#8220;informa\u010dn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu&#8221; definov\u00e1no jako &#8220;syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd kombinuje hardware po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, software, komunika\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a programy pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat jako sv\u00e9 slo\u017eky za \u00fa\u010delem organizace, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 mluvit o informa\u010dn\u00edm zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu, je t\u0159eba, aby byl \u2460 &#8220;zam\u011b\u0159en na organizaci, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed&#8221;.<br>D\u00e1le je t\u0159eba, aby byl &#8220;kombinov\u00e1n hardware po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, software, komunika\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a programy pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat jako jeho slo\u017eky&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_%E2%80%9Cprace_na_analyze_nebo_navrhu_informacniho_zpracovani_systemu%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>Co je &#8220;pr\u00e1ce na anal\u00fdze nebo n\u00e1vrhu informa\u010dn\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le je &#8220;pr\u00e1ce na anal\u00fdze nebo n\u00e1vrhu informa\u010dn\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu&#8221; definov\u00e1na jako &#8220;\uff08\u2170\uff09ur\u010den\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00ed metody zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b pochopen\u00ed pot\u0159eb a anal\u00fdzy \u00fakol\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f a v\u00fdb\u011br modelu, kter\u00fd odpov\u00edd\u00e1 t\u00e9to metod\u011b, \uff08\u2171\uff09n\u00e1vrh vstupu a v\u00fdstupu, n\u00e1vrh postupu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, n\u00e1vrh aplikace syst\u00e9mu, rozhodnut\u00ed o detailn\u00edch aspektech konfigurace stroje, rozhodnut\u00ed o softwaru atd., \uff08\u2172\uff09hodnocen\u00ed syst\u00e9mu po jeho spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, identifikace probl\u00e9m\u016f, zlep\u0161en\u00ed pro jejich \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed atd.&#8221;. A je uvedeno, \u017ee &#8220;pr\u00e1ce na anal\u00fdze nebo n\u00e1vrhu informa\u010dn\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu&#8221; nezahrnuje &#8220;program\u00e1tory, kte\u0159\u00ed navrhuj\u00ed nebo vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed programy&#8221;. Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee obecn\u00ed program\u00e1to\u0159i pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejsou zahrnuti do c\u00edlov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f syst\u00e9mu pracovn\u00ed doby na z\u00e1klad\u011b odborn\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozsudek_ktery_rozhodl_o_tom_zda_se_na_programatory_vztahuje_system_diskrecni_prace\"><\/span>Rozsudek, kter\u00fd rozhodl o tom, zda se na program\u00e1tory vztahuje syst\u00e9m diskre\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_635532602-1024x614.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6166\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jak\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad zahrnoval obecn\u00e9ho program\u00e1tora jako v\u00fdjimku z c\u00edlov\u00e9 skupiny pro syst\u00e9m diskre\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z rozsudk\u016f, kter\u00fd rozhodl o tom, zda se na program\u00e1tory vztahuje syst\u00e9m diskre\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, je p\u0159\u00edpad ADD (Rozsudek Okresn\u00edho soudu v Kj\u00f3tu ze dne 31. \u0159\u00edjna 2011 (rok 23 Heisei), Pracovn\u00ed rozsudek \u010d. 1041, strana 49). P\u0159edstav\u00edme, o jak\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad se jedn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prehled_pripadu\"><\/span>P\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edpadu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve, X pracoval pro po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou spole\u010dnost Y od doby jej\u00edho zalo\u017een\u00ed v kv\u011btnu 2001 (rok 13 Heisei) jako syst\u00e9mov\u00fd in\u017een\u00fdr pod syst\u00e9mem diskre\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce s p\u0159edpokl\u00e1danou pracovn\u00ed dobou 8 hodin denn\u011b. Pozd\u011bji, od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2008 (rok 20 Heisei), se v d\u016fsledku chyb X a \u010dlen\u016f jeho t\u00fdmu v \u00faprav\u00e1ch za\u010daly vyskytovat \u010detn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, co\u017e vedlo k tomu, \u017ee byl X v \u00fanoru 2009 (rok 21 Heisei) diagnostikov\u00e1n s depres\u00ed a v b\u0159eznu t\u00e9ho\u017e roku opustil spole\u010dnost Y. Spole\u010dnost Y podala \u017ealobu na X, aby mu na\u00fa\u010dtovala \u0161kodu ve v\u00fd\u0161i 20,34 milionu jen\u016f, kterou utrp\u011bla kv\u016fli tomu, \u017ee X nevykon\u00e1val svou pr\u00e1ci \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b nebo nedodr\u017eoval pravidla s obchodn\u00edmi partnery. Na to X podal proti\u017ealobu na spole\u010dnost Y, aby mu zaplatila nevyplacen\u00fd p\u0159\u00edplatek za p\u0159es\u010dasy, pen\u00e1le za zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edplatek a od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnosti zajistit bezpe\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sporne_body_souvisejici_s_timto_clankem\"><\/span>Sporn\u00e9 body souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s t\u00edmto \u010dl\u00e1nkem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edpadu existuje n\u011bkolik sporn\u00fdch bod\u016f, ale v souvislosti s t\u00edmto \u010dl\u00e1nkem je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm sporn\u00fdm bodem &#8220;aplikace syst\u00e9mu diskre\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce pro odborn\u00e9 povol\u00e1n\u00ed (sporn\u00fd bod 2)&#8221;. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, bylo sporn\u00e9, zda pr\u00e1ce, kterou X vykon\u00e1val, pat\u0159\u00ed do c\u00edlov\u00e9 skupiny pro syst\u00e9m diskre\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce pro odborn\u00e9 povol\u00e1n\u00ed, tj. &#8220;anal\u00fdza nebo n\u00e1vrh informa\u010dn\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozhodnuti_soudu\"><\/span>Rozhodnut\u00ed soudu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ADD soud rozhodl, \u017ee &#8220;nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee pr\u00e1ce, kterou X vykon\u00e1val, byla &#8216;anal\u00fdza nebo n\u00e1vrh informa\u010dn\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu&#8217; uveden\u00e1 v \u010dl\u00e1nku 38 odst. 3 z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch standardech a v \u010dl\u00e1nku 24 odst. 2 z\u00e1kona o prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed tohoto z\u00e1kona, a nelze uznat, \u017ee jsou spln\u011bny podm\u00ednky pro aplikaci syst\u00e9mu diskre\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce pro odborn\u00e9 povol\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve, zda pr\u00e1ce spad\u00e1 do v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 c\u00edlov\u00e9 skupiny, nen\u00ed rozhodov\u00e1no form\u00e1ln\u011b, ale objektivn\u011b, a mus\u00ed to b\u00fdt pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e1 je podle sv\u00e9 povahy takov\u00e1, \u017ee &#8220;je nutn\u00e9 zna\u010dn\u011b sv\u011b\u0159it zp\u016fsob jej\u00edho vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edkovi, kter\u00fd ji vykon\u00e1v\u00e1, proto\u017ee je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 pro zam\u011bstnavatele d\u00e1t konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pokyny t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o prost\u0159edc\u00edch a rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u010dasu pro vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dan\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce&#8221; (\u010dl\u00e1nek 38 odst. 3 odst. 1 z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch standardech).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ADD soud rozhodl, \u017ee &#8220;jak uvedl vedouc\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed A spole\u010dnosti F [spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 zadala pr\u00e1ci spole\u010dnosti Y], pr\u00e1ce, kterou vykon\u00e1vali zam\u011bstnanci spole\u010dnosti Y v\u010detn\u011b X, byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed syst\u00e9mu softwaru G na z\u00e1klad\u011b pokyn\u016f spole\u010dnosti F a m\u011bla b\u00fdt dokon\u010dena do lh\u016fty 1 a\u017e 2 t\u00fddny (v nal\u00e9hav\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed den nebo 2 a\u017e 3 dny), a <u>nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pop\u0159\u00edt, \u017ee pr\u00e1ce m\u011bla m\u00e1lo diskre\u010dn\u00edho charakteru<\/u>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ADD soud rozhodl, \u017ee pr\u00e1ce, kterou X vykon\u00e1val, m\u011bla m\u00e1lo diskre\u010dn\u00edho charakteru, a proto na X nelze aplikovat syst\u00e9m diskre\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce pro odborn\u00e9 povol\u00e1n\u00ed. V d\u016fsledku toho bylo uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee existuje nevyplacen\u00fd p\u0159\u00edplatek za p\u0159es\u010dasy ve v\u00fd\u0161i p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 6 milion\u016f jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e jsme vysv\u011btlili z\u00e1klady syst\u00e9mu pracovn\u00ed doby zalo\u017een\u00e9 na odborn\u00fdch \u00fakolech (japonsk\u00fd &#8216;Senmon-gy\u014dmu-gata sairy\u014d r\u014dd\u014d-sei&#8217;) a zda se tento syst\u00e9m m\u016f\u017ee vztahovat na program\u00e1tory. Jak jsme vysv\u011btlili v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku, pro uplatn\u011bn\u00ed tohoto syst\u00e9mu na program\u00e1tory je t\u0159eba splnit p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky. Program\u00e1to\u0159i, na kter\u00e9 se tento syst\u00e9m vztahuje, by m\u011bli pe\u010dliv\u011b zkontrolovat, zda skute\u010dn\u011b spl\u0148uj\u00ed po\u017eadavky pro jeho uplatn\u011bn\u00ed. Rovn\u011b\u017e mana\u017ee\u0159i spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 tento syst\u00e9m na program\u00e1tory uplat\u0148uj\u00ed nebo se o to pokou\u0161ej\u00ed, by m\u011bli pe\u010dliv\u011b ov\u011b\u0159it, zda je mo\u017en\u00e9 tento syst\u00e9m skute\u010dn\u011b uplatnit. Pro tyto rozhodnut\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed, proto se doporu\u010duje konzultovat s odborn\u00edkem, nap\u0159\u00edklad s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V posledn\u00edch letech se hlasit\u011b vol\u00e1 po reform\u011b pracovn\u00edch metod a r\u016fzn\u00e9 formy pr\u00e1ce, jako je telepr\u00e1ce nebo pr\u00e1ce z domova, se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed rostouc\u00ed pozornosti. Mezi t\u011bmito r\u016fzn\u00fdmi pracovn\u00edmi metodami existuj [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63220,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[19,31],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61413"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61413"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61413\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63221,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61413\/revisions\/63221"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}