{"id":61479,"date":"2023-12-08T20:25:34","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:25:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61479"},"modified":"2024-03-28T17:58:25","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T08:58:25","slug":"minors-litigation-victim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/minors-litigation-victim","title":{"rendered":"Reakce na kyber\u0161ikanu a podobn\u00e9 jevy: Soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed reputa\u010dn\u00edch rizik, kdy\u017e jsou ob\u011b\u0165mi nezletil\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pomluv na internetu se \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee se &#8220;\u0161ikana&#8221; z re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta p\u0159enese i na internet, a mnohdy se tak nezletil\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00ed ob\u011b\u0165mi. V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je mo\u017en\u00e9 podat \u017ealobu s nezletil\u00fdm jako \u017ealobcem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde se zamysl\u00edme nad t\u00edm, jak jsou p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy je \u017ealobcem nezletil\u00fd, o\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1ny u soudu v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pomluv na internetu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podobn\u011b, ale s odli\u0161n\u00fdm zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm, podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btlujeme p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy je nezletil\u00fd na stran\u011b pachatele, nikoli ob\u011bti, v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/minors-responsibility-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/minors-responsibility-law[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/minors-litigation-victim\/#Pripad_stredoskolaka_ktery_publikoval_clanek_porusujici_pravo_na_cti\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1ka, kter\u00fd publikoval \u010dl\u00e1nek poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na cti\">P\u0159\u00edpad st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1ka, kter\u00fd publikoval \u010dl\u00e1nek poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na cti<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/minors-litigation-victim\/#Prehled_pripadu\" title=\"P\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edpadu\">P\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edpadu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/minors-litigation-victim\/#Vyvoj_soudniho_sporu_z_pohledu_obeti\" title=\"V\u00fdvoj soudn\u00edho sporu z pohledu ob\u011bti\">V\u00fdvoj soudn\u00edho sporu z pohledu ob\u011bti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/minors-litigation-victim\/#Rozsudek_soudu_a_otazka_veku\" title=\"Rozsudek soudu a ot\u00e1zka v\u011bku\">Rozsudek soudu a ot\u00e1zka v\u011bku<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/minors-litigation-victim\/#Pripad_zverejneni_clanku_porusujiciho_pravo_na_soukromi_u_zaka_zakladni_skoly\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed u \u017e\u00e1ka z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly\">P\u0159\u00edpad zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed u \u017e\u00e1ka z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/minors-litigation-victim\/#Prehled_pripadu-2\" title=\"P\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edpadu\">P\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edpadu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/minors-litigation-victim\/#Vyvoj_soudniho_sporu_z_pohledu_obeti-2\" title=\"V\u00fdvoj soudn\u00edho sporu z pohledu ob\u011bti\">V\u00fdvoj soudn\u00edho sporu z pohledu ob\u011bti<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/minors-litigation-victim\/#Pripad_stredoskolaka_jehoz_jmeno_bylo_zverejneno_jako_obeti_sikany\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1ka, jeho\u017e jm\u00e9no bylo zve\u0159ejn\u011bno jako ob\u011bti \u0161ikany\">P\u0159\u00edpad st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1ka, jeho\u017e jm\u00e9no bylo zve\u0159ejn\u011bno jako ob\u011bti \u0161ikany<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/minors-litigation-victim\/#Prehled_pripadu-3\" title=\"P\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edpadu\">P\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edpadu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/minors-litigation-victim\/#Vyvoj_soudniho_sporu_z_pohledu_obeti-3\" title=\"V\u00fdvoj soudn\u00edho sporu z pohledu ob\u011bti\">V\u00fdvoj soudn\u00edho sporu z pohledu ob\u011bti<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/minors-litigation-victim\/#Pripad_dvouleteho_ditete_jehoz_pravo_na_ochranu_obrazu_bylo_poruseno_prostrednictvim_prispevku_na_Twitteru\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad dvoulet\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte, jeho\u017e pr\u00e1vo na ochranu obrazu bylo poru\u0161eno prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku na Twitteru\">P\u0159\u00edpad dvoulet\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte, jeho\u017e pr\u00e1vo na ochranu obrazu bylo poru\u0161eno prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku na Twitteru<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/minors-litigation-victim\/#Vyvoj_soudniho_sporu_z_pohledu_obeti-4\" title=\"V\u00fdvoj soudn\u00edho sporu z pohledu ob\u011bti\">V\u00fdvoj soudn\u00edho sporu z pohledu ob\u011bti<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/minors-litigation-victim\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_stredoskolaka_ktery_publikoval_clanek_porusujici_pravo_na_cti\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1ka, kter\u00fd publikoval \u010dl\u00e1nek poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na cti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/minors-litigation-victim2-1024x678.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26672\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prehled_pripadu\"><\/span>P\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edpadu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o p\u0159\u00edpad, kter\u00fd jsme p\u0159edstavili v uveden\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku. \u017d\u00e1kyn\u011b st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly, kter\u00e1 nav\u0161t\u011bvuje stejn\u00fd jazykov\u00fd kurz jako \u017ealovan\u00fd, kter\u00fd je \u017e\u00e1kem jin\u00e9 st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly, po\u017eadovala n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee jej\u00ed \u010dest byla po\u0161kozena \u010dl\u00e1nkem publikovan\u00fdm na anonymn\u00edm diskusn\u00edm f\u00f3ru \u017ealovan\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyvoj_soudniho_sporu_z_pohledu_obeti\"><\/span>V\u00fdvoj soudn\u00edho sporu z pohledu ob\u011bti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dalovan\u00fd, kter\u00fd nav\u0161t\u011bvuje jinou st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kolu ne\u017e \u017ealobkyn\u011b a nikdy s n\u00ed nemluvil p\u0159\u00edmo, nav\u0161t\u011bvoval stejn\u00fd jazykov\u00fd kurz. V kurzu se mezi studenty, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mezi t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kolu, kam chod\u00ed \u017ealobkyn\u011b, rozhodli, \u017ee budou v\u0161ichni komentovat a publikovat na blogu \u017ealobkyn\u011b. \u010cl\u00e1nek byl publikov\u00e1n s \u00famyslem obt\u011b\u017eovat, ale obsah \u010dl\u00e1nku ukazoval n\u00e1zev st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly a ro\u010dn\u00edk, kter\u00fd \u017ealobkyn\u011b nav\u0161t\u011bvovala, a explicitn\u011b uvedl jej\u00ed jm\u00e9no, tvrdil, \u017ee \u017ealobkyn\u011b je osoba s n\u00edzk\u00fdm sexu\u00e1ln\u00edm mor\u00e1ln\u00edm smyslem, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed styk s k\u00fdmkoli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud rozhodl, \u017ee publikace na internetov\u00e9m diskusn\u00edm f\u00f3ru, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee prohl\u00ed\u017eet neomezen\u00fd po\u010det lid\u00ed, kter\u00e1 specifikovala jm\u00e9no a n\u00e1zev st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly a tvrdila, \u017ee \u017ealobkyn\u011b je osoba s n\u00edzk\u00fdm sexu\u00e1ln\u00edm mor\u00e1ln\u00edm smyslem, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed styk s k\u00fdmkoli, je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee tato publikace sni\u017euje soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed \u017ealobkyn\u011b, a uznal poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na cti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozsudek_soudu_a_otazka_veku\"><\/span>Rozsudek soudu a ot\u00e1zka v\u011bku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de v\u011bku stran, soud konstatoval, \u017ee &#8220;je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b pochopit situaci a pocity v t\u00e9 dob\u011b, proto\u017ee jak \u017ealobkyn\u011b, tak \u017ealovan\u00fd byli v t\u00e9 dob\u011b st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1ci&#8221;, ale nezmi\u0148uje se o \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed nebo sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v d\u016fsledku v\u011bku. Soud na\u0159\u00eddil \u017ealovan\u00e9mu zaplatit n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody ve v\u00fd\u0161i 770 000 jen\u016f, co\u017e zahrnuje 500 000 jen\u016f za bolest a utrpen\u00ed, 200 000 jen\u016f za n\u00e1klady na vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a 70 000 jen\u016f za pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1klady. (Rozsudek Okresn\u00edho soudu v Tokiu ze dne 20. prosince 2012 (rok 2012 podle gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_zverejneni_clanku_porusujiciho_pravo_na_soukromi_u_zaka_zakladni_skoly\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed u \u017e\u00e1ka z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/minors-litigation-victim4-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26673\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mce_33\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prehled_pripadu-2\"><\/span>P\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edpadu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Na vl\u00e1knu &#8220;Rape&#8221; na 2chan, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 u\u010ditele z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly ve m\u011bst\u011b Inagi, kter\u00fd je obvin\u011bn ze zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed d\u00edvky, za\u010daly b\u00fdt zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky o \u017e\u00e1c\u00edch t\u00e9to \u0161koly. V jednom z nich bylo uvedeno jm\u00e9no \u017e\u00e1ka, kter\u00fd chod\u00ed do t\u00e9to \u0161koly a je z\u00e1stupcem kapit\u00e1na v fotbalov\u00e9m klubu mimo \u0161kolu. Byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna jeho adresa s pou\u017eit\u00edm v\u00fdraz\u016f podobn\u00fdch n\u00e1zv\u016fm vlak\u016f, jako je &#8220;P\u0159i\u0161la adresa X? Shinkansen Nozomi b bytov\u00fd d\u016fm \u25cb\u25cb syst\u00e9m&#8221;, co\u017e poru\u0161ilo jeho pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1k, kter\u00fd je ve 5. ro\u010dn\u00edku z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly, po\u017e\u00e1dal poskytovatele internetu o zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli, proto\u017ee bylo poru\u0161eno jeho pr\u00e1vo na cti kv\u016fli v\u00fdrok\u016fm jako &#8220;Spolu s maminkou! Mam\u00e1nek X&#8221;, &#8220;N\u00e1hradn\u00edk, ale kapit\u00e1n&#8221;, &#8220;X je \u0161patn\u00fd&#8221; atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/2ch-harmful-rumor-comment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/2ch-harmful-rumor-comment[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyvoj_soudniho_sporu_z_pohledu_obeti-2\"><\/span>V\u00fdvoj soudn\u00edho sporu z pohledu ob\u011bti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud konstatoval, \u017ee &#8220;z\u00e1jem na tom, aby informace umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed identifikaci jednotlivce, jako je jm\u00e9no a adresa, nebyly bezd\u016fvodn\u011b zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1ny, je osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jem, kter\u00fd je hodn\u00fd ochrany podle z\u00e1kona o nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch \u010dinech&#8221;. Soud d\u00e1le uvedl, \u017ee pro u\u017eivatele internetu, kte\u0159\u00ed si prohl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky, je zcela mo\u017en\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u011b identifikovat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kolu, do kter\u00e9 \u017ealobce chod\u00ed, a jeho bydli\u0161t\u011b, a \u017ee neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd d\u016fvod pro zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto informac\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9m diskusn\u00edm f\u00f3ru. Soud tedy uznal poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na soukrom\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd, poskytovatel internetu, tvrdil, \u017ee &#8220;z celkov\u00e9ho vzhledu a vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku by m\u011bl b\u011b\u017en\u00fd \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 dojem, \u017ee autor \u010dl\u00e1nku, kter\u00fd je nezral\u00fd (z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kol\u00e1k), popisuje sv\u00e9ho spolu\u017e\u00e1ka negativn\u011b bez jak\u00e9hokoli d\u016fvodu, a \u017ee \u010dl\u00e1nek nem\u00e1 takovou nez\u00e1konnost, kter\u00e1 by mohla tvo\u0159it nez\u00e1konn\u00fd \u010din&#8221;. Soud v\u0161ak konstatoval, \u017ee \u010dl\u00e1nek je zjevn\u011b takov\u00fd, \u017ee poru\u0161uje osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jem \u017ealobce t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se jeho soukrom\u00ed, a proto\u017ee \u017ealobce pl\u00e1nuje uplatnit pr\u00e1vo na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody na z\u00e1klad\u011b nez\u00e1konn\u00e9ho \u010dinu v\u016f\u010di autorovi \u010dl\u00e1nku, na\u0159\u00eddil poskytovateli internetu, aby zve\u0159ejnil informace o autorovi. (Rozsudek Okresn\u00edho soudu v Tokiu ze dne 18. prosince 2015 (rok 2015)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud uznal, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek nen\u00ed jen negativn\u00edm popisem nezral\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladn\u00edho \u0161kol\u00e1ka, ale je to nez\u00e1konn\u00fd \u010din.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdrok &#8220;Spolu s maminkou! Mam\u00e1nek X&#8221; obsahuje v\u00fdraz, kter\u00fd vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed negativn\u00ed dojem (&#8220;mam\u00e1nek&#8221;), ale jen se omezuje na posm\u011bch \u017ealobce bez jak\u00e9hokoli konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho d\u016fvodu, a nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee by vedl k nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee je to osoba, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 silnou n\u00e1klonnost k matce a m\u00e1 malou schopnost rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, jak tvrd\u00ed \u017ealobce. Soud tedy neuznal sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed a neuznal pomluvu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_stredoskolaka_jehoz_jmeno_bylo_zverejneno_jako_obeti_sikany\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad st\u0159edo\u0161kol\u00e1ka, jeho\u017e jm\u00e9no bylo zve\u0159ejn\u011bno jako ob\u011bti \u0161ikany<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/minors-litigation-victim3-1024x667.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26675\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mce_33\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prehled_pripadu-3\"><\/span>P\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edpadu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy ob\u011b\u0165 \u0161iroce zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 \u0161ikany byla jmenov\u00e1na v diskuzn\u00edm vl\u00e1knu na 2chan s n\u00e1zvem &#8220;P\u0159\u00edpad \u0161ikany na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kole Kawaguchi City a&#8221;, a byla pops\u00e1na jako ob\u011b\u0165 \u0161ikany, co\u017e poru\u0161ilo jej\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed. Ob\u011b\u0165 po\u017eadovala od poskytovatele internetu informace o odes\u00edlateli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyvoj_soudniho_sporu_z_pohledu_obeti-3\"><\/span>V\u00fdvoj soudn\u00edho sporu z pohledu ob\u011bti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dalobce, kter\u00fd nastoupil na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kolu Kawaguchi City a vstoupil do klubu b, za\u010dal b\u00fdt \u0161ikanov\u00e1n ostatn\u00edmi \u010dleny klubu na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, byl vylou\u010den ze skupiny a za\u010dal dost\u00e1vat t\u011blesn\u00e9 tresty od poradce. To ho p\u0159im\u011blo p\u0159estat chodit do \u0161koly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b m\u011bs\u00edc po tom, co noviny za\u010daly informovat o \u0161ikan\u011b, t\u011blesn\u00fdch trestech a ne\u00fa\u010dasti na v\u00fduce, bylo na 2chan zalo\u017eeno diskuzn\u00ed vl\u00e1kno o tomto p\u0159\u00edpadu. Po citaci textu novinov\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku bylo zve\u0159ejn\u011bno mnoho anonymn\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f a pseudonymn\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, kter\u00e9 se zd\u00e1ly b\u00fdt od z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran. Mezi nimi byl \u010dl\u00e1nek obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdrok: &#8220;Tak\u017ee v\u016fbec nemluv\u00edte o tom, \u017ee p\u016fvodcem rva\u010dky byl pan XX. Mluv\u00edte s klidn\u00fdm v\u00fdrazem o tak zjevn\u00e9 l\u017ei, jste jeho rodi\u010d?&#8221; V \u010dl\u00e1nku bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 snadno identifikovat &#8220;pana XX&#8221; jako \u017ealobce mezi jeho spolu\u017e\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dalobce tvrdil, \u017ee skute\u010dnost, \u017ee je ob\u011bt\u00ed \u0161ikany, nebyla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna a \u017ee by m\u011bla b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bna jako soukrom\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost, proto\u017ee by to nebylo \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed zve\u0159ejnit z pohledu obecn\u00e9 citlivosti a st\u00e1le to nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo ve\u0159ejnosti. Skute\u010dn\u011b, informace o tom, \u017ee je ob\u011bt\u00ed \u0161ikany, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1na za citliv\u00e9 osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje, i kdy\u017e to nen\u00ed tak citliv\u00e9 jako informace o nemoci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud rozhodl, \u017ee skute\u010dnost, \u017ee jedinec byl \u0161ikanov\u00e1n, by m\u011bla b\u00fdt pr\u00e1vn\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bna jako soukrom\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost, proto\u017ee pokud se tato skute\u010dnost \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed neomezen\u011b, snadno vede k p\u0159edsudk\u016fm a pomluv\u00e1m. Soud d\u00e1le rozhodl, \u017ee \u010din odes\u00edlatele, kter\u00fd zve\u0159ejnil skute\u010dnost, \u017ee \u017ealobce byl \u0161ikanov\u00e1n prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, zjevn\u011b poru\u0161il soukrom\u00ed \u017ealobce, proto\u017ee nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 form\u00e1ln\u011b ani podstatn\u011b uznat souhlas \u017ealobce nebo to, \u017ee jin\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1jem p\u0159eva\u017euje, nebo \u017ee to bylo v r\u00e1mci hranic tolerance. Soud na\u0159\u00eddil poskytovateli internetu, aby poskytl informace o odes\u00edlateli. (Rozsudek Okresn\u00edho soudu v Tokiu ze dne 10. prosince 2018 (rok 30 Heisei)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160ikana \u010dasto vede k tomu, \u017ee nejen pachatel\u00e9, ale i ob\u011bti jsou &#8220;specificky identifikov\u00e1ny&#8221; &#8220;speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi t\u00fdmy&#8221; a st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se c\u00edlem pomluv. Je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9 se s t\u00edmto probl\u00e9mem vypo\u0159\u00e1dat jako s poru\u0161en\u00edm pr\u00e1va na soukrom\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/personal-information-and-privacy-violation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/personal-information-and-privacy-violation[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_dvouleteho_ditete_jehoz_pravo_na_ochranu_obrazu_bylo_poruseno_prostrednictvim_prispevku_na_Twitteru\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad dvoulet\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte, jeho\u017e pr\u00e1vo na ochranu obrazu bylo poru\u0161eno prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku na Twitteru<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/minors-litigation-victim5-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26674\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Na Twitteru byl zve\u0159ejn\u011bn l\u017eiv\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd tvrdil, \u017ee &#8220;i p\u0159es m\u016fj nesouhlas a to, \u017ee m\u016fj vnuk plakal a cht\u011bl j\u00edt dom\u016f, moje snacha vzala vnuka na demonstraci proti japonsk\u00e9mu z\u00e1konu o bezpe\u010dnosti a vnuk zem\u0159el na \u00fapal&#8221;. K \u010dl\u00e1nku byla p\u0159ipojena fotografie \u017ealobce, kter\u00e1 byla p\u016fvodn\u011b na webu. \u017dalobu podal tehdy dvoulet\u00fd chlapec, kter\u00fd po\u017eadoval zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyvoj_soudniho_sporu_z_pohledu_obeti-4\"><\/span>V\u00fdvoj soudn\u00edho sporu z pohledu ob\u011bti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd tvrdil, \u017ee proto\u017ee dan\u00fd obr\u00e1zek byl ji\u017e zve\u0159ejn\u011bn na webu, jeho p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k \u010dl\u00e1nku a zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed nebylo poru\u0161en\u00edm pr\u00e1va \u017ealobce na ochranu obrazu. Soud v\u0161ak rozhodl, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed portr\u00e9tu, kter\u00fd vyjad\u0159uje hodnotu osobnosti a je \u00fazce spojen s osobnost\u00ed, by m\u011blo b\u00fdt ponech\u00e1no na v\u016fli subjektu fotografie. Pouh\u00e9 zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed obr\u00e1zku na webov\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee obr\u00e1zek m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt okam\u017eit\u011b zve\u0159ejn\u011bn bez omezen\u00ed, ani \u017ee \u017ealobce, kter\u00fd je subjektem fotografie, souhlasil s jeho zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00edm obecn\u011b nebo implicitn\u011b. Soud uznal poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na ochranu obrazu a na\u0159\u00eddil poskytovateli internetu, aby zve\u0159ejnil informace o odes\u00edlateli. (Rozhodnut\u00ed Niigata District Court, 30. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2016 (2016))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V rozsudku se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee ob\u017ealovan\u00fd tvrdil, \u017ee \u010dl\u00e1nek nezhor\u0161il soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed \u017ealobce, a proto jeho p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed obr\u00e1zku nebylo poru\u0161en\u00edm pr\u00e1va \u017ealobce na ochranu obrazu. Pr\u00e1vo na ochranu obrazu je v\u0161ak pr\u00e1vo neb\u00fdt n\u00e1hodn\u011b fotografov\u00e1n nebo zve\u0159ejn\u011bn, a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed nesouvis\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo s t\u00edm, zda bylo pr\u00e1vo na ochranu obrazu poru\u0161eno. Rozsudek nezmi\u0148uje skute\u010dnost, \u017ee \u017ealobce byl v dob\u011b pod\u00e1n\u00ed \u017ealoby dvoulet\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Otec mal\u00e9ho chlapce a jeho pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1stupce uspo\u0159\u00e1dali tiskovou konferenci v Niigata 23. \u00fanora 2017 (2017), kde ozn\u00e1mili, \u017ee identifikovali mu\u017ee, kter\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek zve\u0159ejnil, a \u017ee do\u0161lo k dohod\u011b. Podle nich 50let\u00fd mu\u017e, kter\u00fd zve\u0159ejnil fale\u0161nou fotografii, napsal omluvn\u00fd dopis otci a zaplatil mu nezve\u0159ejn\u011bnou \u010d\u00e1stku jako od\u0161kodn\u00e9 a n\u00e1klady na vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je ob\u011bt\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v nezletil\u00e1 osoba, je mo\u017en\u00e9 podat \u017ealobu s touto nezletilou osobou jako \u017ealobcem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na \u00farovni praktick\u00e9ho prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed se v takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech obvykle na plnou moc pro soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed podepisuje a raz\u00edtkuje jak nezletil\u00e1 ob\u011b\u0165 poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v, tak jej\u00ed z\u00e1konn\u00fd z\u00e1stupce, tedy rodi\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e se nezletil\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b stane ob\u011bt\u00ed, je nutn\u00e9, aby jeho z\u00e1konn\u00fd z\u00e1stupce jednal rychle. Porad\u00edme se s zku\u0161en\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem a obnovme pr\u00e1va d\u00edt\u011bte.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pomluv na internetu se \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee se &#8220;\u0161ikana&#8221; z re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta p\u0159enese i na internet, a mnohdy se tak nezletil\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00ed ob\u011b\u0165mi. V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je mo\u017en\u00e9 podat \u017ealobu s  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63756,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61479"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61479"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61479\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63757,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61479\/revisions\/63757"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61479"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61479"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61479"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}