{"id":61513,"date":"2023-12-08T20:25:36","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:25:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61513"},"modified":"2024-03-29T10:38:36","modified_gmt":"2024-03-29T01:38:36","slug":"twitter-impersonation-what-sin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-impersonation-what-sin","title":{"rendered":"Je \u201ep\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c na Twitteru neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed? Zlo\u010din? Jak\u00fd trest to p\u0159edstavuje?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Twitter je obl\u00edben\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem, kter\u00fd mnoho lid\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k bezstarostn\u00e9mu sd\u00edlen\u00ed sv\u00fdch my\u0161lenek. A\u010dkoli je Twitter celosv\u011btov\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, je tak\u00e9 skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee se zde vyskytuje mnoho fale\u0161n\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f. Ned\u00e1vno se staly p\u0159edm\u011btem diskuse fale\u0161n\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch podnikatel\u016f a YouTuber\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Twitter umo\u017e\u0148uje jednotlivc\u016fm vytv\u00e1\u0159et v\u00edce \u00fa\u010dt\u016f anonymn\u011b, tak\u017ee kdokoli m\u016f\u017ee snadno vytvo\u0159it fale\u0161n\u00fd \u00fa\u010det.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak\u00fd trestn\u00fd \u010din tedy p\u0159edstavuje vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se za n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho na Twitteru? V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch p\u011bt bod\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ochrana soukrom\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pr\u00e1vo na vlastn\u00ed obraz<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pr\u00e1vo na identitu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-impersonation-what-sin\/#Podvodna_identita\" title=\"Podvodn\u00e1 identita\">Podvodn\u00e1 identita<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-impersonation-what-sin\/#Poruseni_cti\" title=\"Poru\u0161en\u00ed cti\">Poru\u0161en\u00ed cti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-impersonation-what-sin\/#Pravo_na_soukromi\" title=\"Pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed\">Pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-impersonation-what-sin\/#Pravo_na_ochranu_obrazu\" title=\"Pr\u00e1vo na ochranu obrazu\">Pr\u00e1vo na ochranu obrazu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-impersonation-what-sin\/#Autorska_prava\" title=\"Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va\">Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-impersonation-what-sin\/#Pravo_na_identitu\" title=\"Pr\u00e1vo na identitu\">Pr\u00e1vo na identitu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-impersonation-what-sin\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Podvodna_identita\"><\/span>Podvodn\u00e1 identita<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem podvodn\u00e9 identity je, kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo bez opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 va\u0161e skute\u010dn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost, fotografii nebo profilov\u00fd text a p\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1, \u017ee je v\u00e1mi, a to i p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, nemus\u00ed to b\u00fdt nutn\u011b va\u0161e skute\u010dn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, m\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad pseudonym, um\u011bleck\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, genji jm\u00e9no, u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no atd. Toto je probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd se v pr\u00e1vn\u00ed terminologii naz\u00fdv\u00e1 &#8220;identifikovatelnost&#8221;. Tento probl\u00e9m je podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btlen v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-privacy-infringement-identifiability\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-privacy-infringement-identifiability[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak\u017ee, co m\u016f\u017eete ud\u011blat, pokud jste skute\u010dn\u011b stali se ob\u011bt\u00ed podvodn\u00e9 identity na Twitteru?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Poruseni_cti\"><\/span>Poru\u0161en\u00ed cti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Poru\u0161en\u00ed cti se d\u011bl\u00ed na trestn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed a ob\u010danskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed cti. \u010cest je objektivn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jedinec dost\u00e1v\u00e1 od spole\u010dnosti za svou charakterovou hodnotu, ctnosti, reputaci, d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost atd. \u010cinnost, kter\u00e1 sni\u017euje toto soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed, je poru\u0161en\u00edm pr\u00e1va na \u010dest a je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za poru\u0161en\u00ed cti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejen na Twitteru, ale i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b fale\u0161n\u00e9 identity je prvn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na \u010dest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy \u017ealobce po\u017eadoval n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, proto\u017ee bylo poru\u0161eno jeho pr\u00e1vo na \u010dest atd., kdy\u017e \u017ealovan\u00fd nastavil stejn\u00e9 u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no jako \u017ealobce, pou\u017eil fotografii \u017ealobce jako profilov\u00fd obr\u00e1zek a p\u0159edst\u00edral, \u017ee je \u017ealobcem, a ur\u00e1\u017eel t\u0159et\u00ed strany atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/twitter-impersonation-What-sin1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30190\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dalovan\u00fd opakovan\u011b ur\u00e1\u017eel dal\u0161\u00ed u\u017eivatele pomoc\u00ed diskrimina\u010dn\u00edch a poni\u017euj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdraz\u016f a opakovan\u011b vyd\u00e1val pozn\u00e1mky, kter\u00e9 po\u0161kozovaly \u010dest. To je typick\u00fd vzor fale\u0161n\u00e9 identity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud prohl\u00e1sil,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Pokud vezmeme v \u00favahu b\u011b\u017enou pozornost a zp\u016fsob \u010dten\u00ed obecn\u00fdch \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f, lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek byl nespr\u00e1vn\u011b pochopen jako p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek \u017ealobce<\/p>\n<cite>Osack\u00fd okresn\u00ed soud, rozsudek ze dne 30. srpna 2017 (2017)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>a v\u016f\u010di t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee to vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed, \u017ee \u017ealobce je \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd ur\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a nad\u00e1v\u00e1 ostatn\u00edm bez d\u016fvodu, a t\u00edm sni\u017euje soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed \u017ealobce a poru\u0161uje jeho pr\u00e1vo na \u010dest<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>uznal a na\u0159\u00eddil \u017ealovan\u00e9mu zaplatit od\u0161kodn\u00e9 ve v\u00fd\u0161i 600 000 jen\u016f, n\u00e1klady na \u017e\u00e1dost o zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli ve v\u00fd\u0161i 586 000 jen\u016f, n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00edka ve v\u00fd\u0161i 120 000 jen\u016f, celkem 1 306 000 jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pokud t\u0159et\u00ed strana nap\u00ed\u0161e o v\u00e1s pomluvu, \u017ee &#8220;ten \u010dlov\u011bk ur\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ostatn\u00ed bez d\u016fvodu&#8221;, je to poru\u0161en\u00ed cti. Stejn\u011b tak, pokud t\u0159et\u00ed strana p\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1, \u017ee je v\u00e1mi, a nap\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee &#8220;jsem \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd ur\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ostatn\u00ed bez d\u016fvodu&#8221;, je to tak\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed cti. To je logika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed ob\u011bti sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed v d\u016fsledku \u010din\u016f pachatele, kter\u00fd se vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 za ob\u011b\u0165, je mo\u017en\u00e9 st\u00edhat poru\u0161en\u00ed cti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poru\u0161en\u00ed cti je tak\u00e9 trestn\u00fdm \u010dinem podle trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona, tak\u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 se obr\u00e1tit na policii v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b takov\u00fdchto p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f fale\u0161n\u00e9 identity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravo_na_soukromi\"><\/span>Pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpadech fal\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed na Twitteru se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neuzn\u00e1v\u00e1 poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na soukrom\u00ed. Jak jsme vysv\u011btlili v jin\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku na na\u0161em webu, po\u017eadavky na poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Jedn\u00e1 se o skute\u010dnosti soukrom\u00e9ho \u017eivota nebo o v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 by mohly b\u00fdt takto vn\u00edm\u00e1ny<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jedn\u00e1 se o v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 by podle obecn\u00e9 citlivosti necht\u011bl dan\u00fd jednotlivec zve\u0159ejnit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jedn\u00e1 se o v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnost dosud nezn\u00e1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jednotlivec se skute\u010dn\u011b c\u00edtil nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u011b nebo \u00fazkostn\u011b kv\u016fli zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto jsou po\u017eadavky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se fal\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nebylo uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed fotografie obli\u010deje \u017ealobce jako profilov\u00e9ho obr\u00e1zku je poru\u0161en\u00edm pr\u00e1va na soukrom\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kter\u00fd jsme uvedli jako p\u0159\u00edklad pomluvy, \u017ealobce \u017ealoval za poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na soukrom\u00ed kv\u016fli pou\u017eit\u00ed jeho fotografie obli\u010deje jako profilov\u00e9ho obr\u00e1zku, ale soud to neuznal a \u0159ekl:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>V dob\u011b tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku bylo uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee \u017ealobce s\u00e1m nastavil pou\u017eitou fotografii obli\u010deje jako profilov\u00fd obr\u00e1zek na tomto webu. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee tento web je str\u00e1nka na internetu, kterou m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159istupovat neomezen\u00fd po\u010det lid\u00ed, je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 uznat, \u017ee fotografie obli\u010deje \u017ealobce byla um\u00edst\u011bna do ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 oblasti p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m \u017ealobcem. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee to nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za soukrom\u00e9 informace nebo skute\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 by \u010dlov\u011bk necht\u011bl, aby o nich v\u011bd\u011bli ostatn\u00ed. Tak\u017ee nem\u016f\u017eeme uznat, \u017ee z\u00e1jem o nezve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed fotografie obli\u010deje \u017ealobce t\u0159et\u00edmi stranami bez povolen\u00ed je chr\u00e1n\u011bn pr\u00e1vem na soukrom\u00ed. <\/p>\n<cite> Rozsudek Okresn\u00edho soudu v \u00d3sace ze dne 30. srpna 2017 <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto to bylo uvedeno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podobn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed bylo u\u010din\u011bno i v jin\u00fdch soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech. Fotografie obli\u010deje, kterou jste na internetu zve\u0159ejnili, byla um\u00edst\u011bna do ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 oblasti p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m, tak\u017ee to nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za soukrom\u00e9 informace nebo skute\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 by \u010dlov\u011bk necht\u011bl, aby o nich v\u011bd\u011bli ostatn\u00ed. Je tedy obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 \u017ealovat za poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na soukrom\u00ed kv\u016fli pou\u017eit\u00ed va\u0161\u00ed fotografie obli\u010deje jako profilov\u00e9ho obr\u00e1zku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/scope-of-privacyinfringement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/scope-of-privacyinfringement[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed je v civiln\u00edm pr\u00e1vu nez\u00e1konn\u00e9, ale v trestn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu to nen\u00ed trestn\u00fd \u010din. Proto nem\u016f\u017eete po\u017e\u00e1dat policii o vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed soukrom\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravo_na_ochranu_obrazu\"><\/span>Pr\u00e1vo na ochranu obrazu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je v\u00e1\u0161 obr\u00e1zek na internetu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n bez va\u0161eho svolen\u00ed, obvykle se jedn\u00e1 o poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na ochranu obrazu. Co se t\u00fd\u010de pr\u00e1va na ochranu obrazu, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;Obraz je symbolem osobnosti jednotlivce, a proto m\u00e1 dan\u00fd jednotlivec pr\u00e1vo, kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1z\u00ed z pr\u00e1va na ochranu osobnosti, aby nebyl nespravedliv\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n.&#8221;<\/p>\n<cite>Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud, 2. \u00fanora 2012 (2012)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Je to tak, ale na druhou stranu,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;Existuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy by m\u011blo b\u00fdt pou\u017eit\u00ed ciz\u00edho obrazu povoleno jako legitimn\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed atd. Zda je pou\u017eit\u00ed ciz\u00edho obrazu nez\u00e1konn\u00e9, by m\u011blo b\u00fdt rozhodnuto t\u00edm, zda se p\u0159ekro\u010dila hranice tolerance v soci\u00e1ln\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b po zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed \u00fa\u010delu pou\u017eit\u00ed, m\u00edry po\u0161kozen\u00ed z\u00e1jm\u016f a zp\u016fsobu poru\u0161en\u00ed.&#8221;<\/p>\n<cite>Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud, 10. listopadu 2005 (2005)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Je tak\u00e9 uzn\u00e1v\u00e1no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pou\u017eit\u00ed ciz\u00edho obrazu nen\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b povoleno ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech, ale tak\u00e9 nen\u00ed povoleno ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech. Ot\u00e1zkou je, zda je obraz &#8220;nespravedliv\u011b&#8221; vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n nebo zda je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n &#8220;p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed hranice tolerance v soci\u00e1ln\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/twitter-impersonation-What-sin2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30198\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy studentka t\u0159et\u00edho ro\u010dn\u00edku st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly, kter\u00e1 se specializuje na hru na housle, po\u017e\u00e1dala poskytovatele internetu o zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli, proto\u017ee jej\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na ochranu obrazu bylo poru\u0161eno v d\u016fsledku podvodu na Twitteru od nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho odes\u00edlatele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nezn\u00e1m\u00fd odes\u00edlatel zaregistroval \u00fa\u010det na Twitteru s n\u00e1zvem \u00fa\u010dtu &#8220;A&#8221;, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 stejn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no a p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed jako \u017ealobkyn\u011b, a u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no &#8220;@\u00d7\u25b3\u25a1&#8221;, a pou\u017eil tento \u00fa\u010det k p\u0159ipojen\u00ed fotografie \u017ealobkyn\u011b a napsal &#8220;b mal\u00e9 \u2192 c st\u0159edn\u00ed \u2192 d 64. obdob\u00ed specializace na housle a tajn\u00fd \u00fa\u010det&#8221; atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud uznal, \u017ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;Z &#8216;@\u00d7\u25b3\u25a1&#8217;, &#8216;\u00d7&#8217; m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159irozen\u011b \u010dteno jako &#8216;\u00d7&#8217; v rom\u00e1nsk\u00e9m \u010dten\u00ed a neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 jin\u00e1 vhodn\u00e1 slova, tak\u017ee je p\u0159irozen\u00e9 to tak \u010d\u00edst. Toto je v\u00fdraz, kter\u00fd snadno p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 slovo &#8216;womanizer&#8217;, kter\u00e9 znamen\u00e1 mu\u017ee, kter\u00fd klame \u017eeny a hraje si s nimi, nebo mu\u017ee, kter\u00fd to d\u011bl\u00e1 jako zvyk. &#8216;\u25b3&#8217; m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako v\u00fdraz, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 masturbaci, kdy\u017e je \u010dteno spole\u010dn\u011b s &#8216;\u00d7&#8217;. Alespo\u0148 je rozumn\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee odes\u00edlatel tohoto p\u0159\u00edpadu zaregistroval u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no s t\u00edmto v\u00fdznamem a \u010dten\u00edm. I kdy\u017e v\u00fdznam a \u010dten\u00ed &#8216;\u25a1&#8217; nejsou zcela jasn\u00e9, i bez tohoto bodu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no tohoto \u00fa\u010dtu pova\u017eov\u00e1no za vulg\u00e1rn\u00ed. Nav\u00edc, \u017ealobkyn\u011b je v situaci, kdy je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee je vysm\u00edv\u00e1na ostatn\u00edmi studenty na st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kole, kam chod\u00ed, a \u017ee se mezi rodi\u010di \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 zv\u011bsti o \u017ealobkyni.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>A uznal, \u017ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;Odes\u00edlatel tohoto p\u0159\u00edpadu zaregistroval a pou\u017e\u00edval tento \u00fa\u010det pod p\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm, \u017ee je \u017ealobkyn\u011b, s c\u00edlem ji nespravedliv\u011b zneva\u017eovat, a jako sou\u010d\u00e1st toho pou\u017eil fotografii \u017ealobkyn\u011b bez jej\u00edho svolen\u00ed. \u00da\u010del pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9to fotografie je nespravedliv\u00fd, a nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 uznat \u017e\u00e1dnou nutnost, a zp\u016fsob pou\u017eit\u00ed je tak\u00e9 zl\u00fd. Poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na ochranu obrazu \u017ealobkyn\u011b t\u00edmto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem by m\u011blo b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed hranice tolerance v soci\u00e1ln\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, a je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek je nez\u00e1konn\u00fd podle z\u00e1kona o nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch \u010dinech.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>A na\u0159\u00eddil poskytovateli internetu, aby zve\u0159ejnil informace o odes\u00edlateli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pouh\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed va\u0161\u00ed fotografie na \u00fa\u010dtu neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je automaticky uzn\u00e1no poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na ochranu obrazu. I kdy\u017e je to fotografie, kterou jste sami zve\u0159ejnili na internetu, pokud je &#8220;p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed hranice tolerance v soci\u00e1ln\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b&#8221; a &#8220;nespravedliv\u011b&#8221; vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1no poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na ochranu obrazu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud jde o vztah k pomluv\u011b, pokud je uzn\u00e1na pomluva, je velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee bude uzn\u00e1no i poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na ochranu obrazu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mimochodem, poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na ochranu obrazu nen\u00ed trestn\u011b nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 a nem\u016f\u017eete po\u017e\u00e1dat policii o vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Autorska_prava\"><\/span>Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Na Twitteru m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt probl\u00e9mem i &#8220;napodobov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; v souvislosti s &#8220;autorsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va jsou du\u0161evn\u00edm vlastnictv\u00edm, kter\u00e9 vznik\u00e1 v\u016f\u010di &#8220;d\u00edl\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou kreativn\u00edm vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edm my\u0161lenek nebo emoc\u00ed a pat\u0159\u00ed do oblasti literatury, v\u011bdy, um\u011bn\u00ed nebo hudby (d\u00edla podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 2 odstavec 1 bod 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech)&#8221;, a to plat\u00ed i pro fotografick\u00e1 d\u00edla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b fotografi\u00ed, pokud se n\u011bkdo vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 za \u017ealobce a bez jeho svolen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jeho profilovou fotografii na Twitteru, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e9 tvrdit poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, pokud nen\u00ed uzn\u00e1no poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na obraz, pokud je fotografie po\u0159\u00edzena samotn\u00fdm \u017ealobcem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak jsme uvedli v jin\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku na na\u0161em webu, bylo uzn\u00e1no poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, kdy\u017e odes\u00edlatel zkop\u00edroval fotografii, kterou \u017ealobce po\u0159\u00eddil s\u00e1m o sob\u011b a pou\u017eil ji jako sv\u016fj profilov\u00fd obr\u00e1zek na Twitteru, bez svolen\u00ed \u017ealobce. (Rozsudek Okresn\u00edho soudu v Tokiu ze dne 9. \u010dervna 2017 (rok 2017 podle gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/relation-between-the-publication-of-photos-without-consent-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/relation-between-the-publication-of-photos-without-consent-and-copyright[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee na rozd\u00edl od patent\u016f, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba nahl\u00e1sit, autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va vznikaj\u00ed okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159i vytvo\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho, poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v je tak\u00e9 trestn\u011b st\u00edh\u00e1no. Pokud dojde k poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt po vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00edmi org\u00e1ny nakonec ulo\u017een trest pokuty nebo trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a m\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t p\u0159edm\u011btem trestn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trestn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 od ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kdy m\u016f\u017ee dr\u017eitel autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v po\u017eadovat zastaven\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed, n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, opat\u0159en\u00ed na obnovu dobr\u00e9 pov\u011bsti atd. Trestn\u00ed st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed je jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 trestn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravo_na_identitu\"><\/span>Pr\u00e1vo na identitu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/twitter-impersonation-What-sin3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30203\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na soukrom\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na obraz<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e dojde k p\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nespad\u00e1 do \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch kategori\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vytvo\u0159ena jin\u00e1 osobnost ne\u017e ta skute\u010dn\u00e1, a pokud tato jin\u00e1 osobnost m\u00e1 takovou platnost, \u017ee jej\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed je vn\u00edm\u00e1no ostatn\u00edmi jako chov\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 osoby, m\u016f\u017ee to zp\u016fsobit du\u0161evn\u00ed utrpen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zt\u011b\u017euje klidn\u00fd ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot osoby, kter\u00e1 byla napodobena. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, odd\u011blen\u011b od pr\u00e1va na cti a pr\u00e1va na soukrom\u00ed,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1v\u00e1no &#8220;pr\u00e1vo na udr\u017een\u00ed osobn\u00ed identity ve vztaz\u00edch s ostatn\u00edmi&#8221; jako pr\u00e1vo na identitu a napodobov\u00e1n\u00ed je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za jeho poru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V rozsudku Oklahomsk\u00e9ho okresn\u00edho soudu ze dne 8. \u00fanora 2016 (2016)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy je pro osobu, kter\u00e1 byla napodobena, obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 v\u00e9st klidn\u00fd ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivot kv\u016fli du\u0161evn\u00edmu utrpen\u00ed&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>byla tato podm\u00ednka v rozsudku Oklahomsk\u00e9ho okresn\u00edho soudu ze dne 30. srpna 2017 (2017)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;Zda poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1jmu o identitu osobnosti p\u0159ekra\u010duje hranice tolerance ve spole\u010densk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>je nyn\u00ed mnohem voln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tyto dva precedenty, kter\u00e9 uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na identitu, lze pova\u017eovat za velk\u00fd krok vp\u0159ed. Je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat pozornost precedenc\u00edm t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edm se pr\u00e1va na identitu, jejich\u017e n\u00e1r\u016fst je o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n v budoucnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u011blo by b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee samotn\u00e9 napodobov\u00e1n\u00ed je nez\u00e1konn\u00e9, a pokud je &#8220;identita osobnosti fal\u0161ov\u00e1na&#8221;, m\u011blo by b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1no jako poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na identitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdokoli m\u016f\u017ee snadno prov\u00e9st podvod na Twitteru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud to nech\u00e1te bez dozoru, \u0161kody se budou rychle roz\u0161i\u0159ovat, tak\u017ee rychl\u00e1 reakce je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1. Pokud jste skute\u010dn\u011b utrp\u011bli \u0161kodu, obra\u0165te se na zku\u0161en\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edka. Podrobnosti o odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a identifikaci autora v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b podvod\u016f jsou podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btleny v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/spoofing-dentityright\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/spoofing-dentityright[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Twitter je obl\u00edben\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem, kter\u00fd mnoho lid\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k bezstarostn\u00e9mu sd\u00edlen\u00ed sv\u00fdch my\u0161lenek. A\u010dkoli je Twitter celosv\u011btov\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, je tak\u00e9 skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee se zde vyskytuje mnoho fale\u0161n\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63818,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61513"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61513"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61513\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63819,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61513\/revisions\/63819"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63818"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61513"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61513"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61513"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}