{"id":61528,"date":"2023-12-08T20:25:36","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:25:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61528"},"modified":"2024-03-28T17:28:25","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T08:28:25","slug":"side-business-labor-regulations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/side-business-labor-regulations","title":{"rendered":"Jak\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy by m\u011bly firmy p\u0159ehodnotit p\u0159i uzn\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu vedlej\u0161\u00edch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Dosud bylo v Japonsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnostech obvykl\u00e9, \u017ee vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, v sou\u010dasnosti, pod vlivem takzvan\u00e9 &#8220;reformy pracovn\u00edch postup\u016f&#8221;, se i velk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed otev\u00edrat mo\u017enosti vedlej\u0161\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed. V roce 2018 (Gregori\u00e1nsk\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159) se stalo t\u00e9matem diskuse, kdy\u017e Japonsk\u00e9 ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed odstranilo z &#8220;Modelov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch pravidel&#8221; ustanoven\u00ed zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b, kdy se regulace vedlej\u0161\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed uvol\u0148uj\u00ed, vysv\u011btl\u00edme kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body pracovn\u00edch pravidel, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba dodr\u017eovat, aby nedo\u0161lo k probl\u00e9m\u016fm p\u0159i povolen\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/side-business-labor-regulations\/#Zakaz_vedlejsi_cinnosti_v_pracovnim_radu\" title=\"Z\u00e1kaz vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du\">Z\u00e1kaz vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/side-business-labor-regulations\/#Co_je_ustanoveni_o_zakazu_vedlejsi_cinnosti\" title=\"Co je ustanoven\u00ed o z\u00e1kazu vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti\">Co je ustanoven\u00ed o z\u00e1kazu vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/side-business-labor-regulations\/#Co_je_vedlejsi_zamestnani\" title=\"Co je vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed\">Co je vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/side-business-labor-regulations\/#Duvody_proc_firmy_zakazovaly_vedlejsi_zamestnani\" title=\"D\u016fvody, pro\u010d firmy zakazovaly vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed\">D\u016fvody, pro\u010d firmy zakazovaly vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/side-business-labor-regulations\/#Vedlejsi_zamestnani_zanedbava_hlavni_pracovni_povinnosti\" title=\"Vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed zanedb\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed povinnosti\">Vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed zanedb\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed povinnosti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/side-business-labor-regulations\/#Obava_z_uniku_firemnich_tajemstvi\" title=\"Obava z \u00faniku firemn\u00edch tajemstv\u00ed\">Obava z \u00faniku firemn\u00edch tajemstv\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/side-business-labor-regulations\/#Vyhody_povoleni_vedlejsiho_zamestnani\" title=\"V\u00fdhody povolen\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed\">V\u00fdhody povolen\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/side-business-labor-regulations\/#Ziskani_dovednosti_ktere_nelze_ziskat_v_hlavnim_zamestnani_diky_vedlejsimu_zamestnani\" title=\"Z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed dovednost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nelze z\u00edskat v hlavn\u00edm zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edky vedlej\u0161\u00edmu zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed\">Z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed dovednost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nelze z\u00edskat v hlavn\u00edm zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edky vedlej\u0161\u00edmu zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/side-business-labor-regulations\/#Prevence_odlivu_talentovanych_pracovniku\" title=\"Prevence odlivu talentovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f\">Prevence odlivu talentovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/side-business-labor-regulations\/#Klicove_body_pri_povoleni_vedlejsi_cinnosti_v_pracovnim_radu\" title=\"Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body p\u0159i povolen\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body p\u0159i povolen\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/side-business-labor-regulations\/#Ustanoveni_pracovniho_radu_tykajici_se_vedlejsi_cinnosti\" title=\"Ustanoven\u00ed pracovn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti\">Ustanoven\u00ed pracovn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/side-business-labor-regulations\/#Sprava_pracovni_doby\" title=\"Spr\u00e1va pracovn\u00ed doby\">Spr\u00e1va pracovn\u00ed doby<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/side-business-labor-regulations\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zakaz_vedlejsi_cinnosti_v_pracovnim_radu\"><\/span>Z\u00e1kaz vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Po dlouhou dobu po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, v Japonsk\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch byla tradi\u010dn\u00ed praxe, jako je syst\u00e9m postupu podle st\u00e1\u017ee, do\u017eivotn\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed a odchod do d\u016fchodu v ur\u010dit\u00e9m v\u011bku, kdy firma se sna\u017eila udr\u017eet zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no vykon\u00e1vat vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost mimo sv\u00e9 pracovi\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee vysv\u011btlujeme ustanoven\u00ed o z\u00e1kazu vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e9 bylo tradi\u010dn\u011b stanoveno v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_ustanoveni_o_zakazu_vedlejsi_cinnosti\"><\/span>Co je ustanoven\u00ed o z\u00e1kazu vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ustanoven\u00ed o z\u00e1kazu vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti je pravidlo stanoven\u00e9 v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du, kter\u00e9 zakazuje zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm vykon\u00e1vat vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obsahem z\u00e1kazu vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00fapln\u00fd z\u00e1kaz jak\u00e9koliv pr\u00e1ce mimo zam\u011bstnavatelskou spole\u010dnost, nebo zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu povolen\u00ed, kter\u00fd de facto zakazuje vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost t\u00edm, \u017ee stanov\u00ed vysok\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na povolen\u00ed, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad schv\u00e1len\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost by m\u011bla b\u00fdt v z\u00e1sad\u011b svobodn\u00e1, pokud je prov\u00e1d\u011bna mimo pracovn\u00ed dobu zam\u011bstnavatele, proto\u017ee se t\u00fdk\u00e1 zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm zam\u011bstnanci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u016fj soukrom\u00fd \u010das.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto, i kdy\u017e je v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du stanoveno ustanoven\u00ed o z\u00e1kazu vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti, to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee zam\u011bstnavatel m\u016f\u017ee \u00fapln\u011b zak\u00e1zat vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Ve skute\u010dnosti existuje n\u011bkolik soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kter\u00e9 pop\u00edraj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost ustanoven\u00ed o z\u00e1kazu vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 racion\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u016fvodov\u00e1n\u00ed pro z\u00e1kaz vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_vedlejsi_zamestnani\"><\/span>Co je vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159edm\u011btem ustanoven\u00ed o z\u00e1kazu vedlej\u0161\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, se vztahuje na pr\u00e1ci mimo hlavn\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, b\u011b\u017en\u011b se za vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed pova\u017euje pr\u00e1ce na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd \u00favazek v obchod\u011b s potravinami po pracovn\u00ed dob\u011b v hlavn\u00edm zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed nebo pravideln\u00e1 pomoc p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci v p\u0159\u00e1telov\u011b firm\u011b za odm\u011bnu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, investice obvykle nepodl\u00e9haj\u00ed z\u00e1kazu vedlej\u0161\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee se li\u0161\u00ed od podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. Vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159edm\u011btem ustanoven\u00ed o z\u00e1kazu vedlej\u0161\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, je obecn\u011b omezeno na \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e9 generuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem z pr\u00e1ce. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, investice do akci\u00ed nebo nemovitost\u00ed jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za pasivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem a obecn\u011b se nepova\u017euj\u00ed za p\u0159edm\u011bt ustanoven\u00ed o z\u00e1kazu vedlej\u0161\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Duvody_proc_firmy_zakazovaly_vedlejsi_zamestnani\"><\/span>D\u016fvody, pro\u010d firmy zakazovaly vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00edmi d\u016fvody, pro\u010d japonsk\u00e9 firmy dosud zakazovaly vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Existuje obava, \u017ee zam\u011bstnanci budou unaveni z vedlej\u0161\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed mimo pracovn\u00ed dobu a zanedbaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed povinnosti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Existuje obava, \u017ee dojde k \u00faniku firemn\u00edch tajemstv\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, pokud se stane soudn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se platnosti pravidla zakazuj\u00edc\u00edho vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm bodem je, zda je z\u00e1kaz vedlej\u0161\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd. Pokud jsou uzn\u00e1ny d\u016fvody uveden\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e jako \u00fa\u010del z\u00e1kazu vedlej\u0161\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, soudy jsou obecn\u011b ochotn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed uznat platnost takov\u00e9ho pravidla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vedlejsi_zamestnani_zanedbava_hlavni_pracovni_povinnosti\"><\/span>Vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed zanedb\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed povinnosti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud byste po skon\u010den\u00ed pr\u00e1ce pracovali jako brig\u00e1dn\u00edk a\u017e do pozdn\u00edch no\u010dn\u00edch hodin, nebudete m\u00edt dostatek \u010dasu na odpo\u010dinek p\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem pracovn\u00ed doby. V d\u016fsledku toho je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee budete p\u0159ich\u00e1zet pozd\u011b na pr\u00e1ci nebo nebudete schopni dos\u00e1hnout pln\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu ve sv\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci kv\u016fli nedostatku sp\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Obava_z_uniku_firemnich_tajemstvi\"><\/span>Obava z \u00faniku firemn\u00edch tajemstv\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00danik firemn\u00edch tajemstv\u00ed je pro firmu velmi v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Pokud je vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad brig\u00e1dou v konven\u010dn\u00edm obchod\u011b, je m\u00e1lo pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by do\u0161lo k \u00faniku firemn\u00edch tajemstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, pokud pom\u00e1h\u00e1te v p\u0159\u00edtelov\u011b firm\u011b a tato firma konkuruje va\u0161\u00ed hlavn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, existuje riziko, jako je odn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed seznamu z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f nebo \u00fanik informac\u00ed o nov\u00fdch projektech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/side-business-labor-regulations1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20850\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Podrobn\u011bji o odn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00edch tajemstv\u00ed se do\u010dtete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/trade-secrets-unfair-competition-prevention-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/trade-secrets-unfair-competition-prevention-act[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podrobn\u011bji o zm\u011bn\u011b zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed po odchodu do d\u016fchodu se do\u010dtete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/effectiveness-of-the-prohibition-on-changing-jobs-of-other-companies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/effectiveness-of-the-prohibition-on-changing-jobs-of-other-companies[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyhody_povoleni_vedlejsiho_zamestnani\"><\/span>V\u00fdhody povolen\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dosud bylo v japonsk\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch zvykem zakazovat vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed z d\u016fvod\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsme uvedli v\u00fd\u0161e. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, takov\u00e1 kontrola zam\u011bstnanc\u016f byla mo\u017en\u00e1, proto\u017ee firmy samy zaru\u010dovaly do\u017eivotn\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed a pe\u010dovaly o to, aby zam\u011bstnanci nem\u011bli pot\u0159ebu hledat vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e do d\u016fchodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak v posledn\u00edch letech se zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1v\u00e1 flexibiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a tradi\u010dn\u00ed zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9 praktiky, jako je do\u017eivotn\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, se za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed rozpadat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k tomuto kontextu se vl\u00e1da rozhodla podporovat vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed jako sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 &#8220;reformy pracovn\u00edch postup\u016f&#8221; a firmy, zejm\u00e9na ty v IT sektoru, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed povolovat vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d st\u00e1le v\u00edce firem povoluje vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, je rostouc\u00ed pozornost v\u011bnovan\u00e1 v\u00fdhod\u00e1m povolen\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, jako jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed dovednost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nelze z\u00edskat v hlavn\u00edm zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edky vedlej\u0161\u00edmu zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prevence odlivu talentovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ziskani_dovednosti_ktere_nelze_ziskat_v_hlavnim_zamestnani_diky_vedlejsimu_zamestnani\"><\/span>Z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed dovednost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nelze z\u00edskat v hlavn\u00edm zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edky vedlej\u0161\u00edmu zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Obvykle je obsah pr\u00e1ce v hlavn\u00edm zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry omezen, tak\u017ee existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 nelze v hlavn\u00edm zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed za\u017e\u00edt. Do t\u00e9to doby byla jedinou mo\u017enost\u00ed pro zam\u011bstnance, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bli z\u00edskat nov\u00e9 dovednosti, sebevzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, dovednosti v oblasti IT a podobn\u011b je lep\u0161\u00ed z\u00edskat skrze praktickou zku\u0161enost ne\u017e sebevzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm z knih nebo internetu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 povolit vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm, aby mohli z\u00edskat znalosti a dovednosti, kter\u00e9 nelze z\u00edskat v hlavn\u00edm zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed spokojenosti zam\u011bstnanc\u016f s ambicemi a tak\u00e9 umo\u017enit firm\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt dovednosti z\u00edskan\u00e9 v vedlej\u0161\u00edm zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/side-business-labor-regulations2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20851\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho, kontakt zam\u011bstnanc\u016f s firemn\u00ed kulturou jin\u00e9 firmy m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k inovac\u00edm v jejich hlavn\u00edm zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prevence_odlivu_talentovanych_pracovniku\"><\/span>Prevence odlivu talentovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>V IT firm\u00e1ch je zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed talentovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Jak jsme ji\u017e uvedli, talentovan\u00ed pracovn\u00edci maj\u00ed tendenci m\u00edt vysok\u00e9 ambice a cht\u011bj\u00ed z\u00edskat nov\u00e9 dovednosti. Pokud je vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed povoleno, talentovan\u00ed pracovn\u00edci mohou pracovat v jin\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch bez nutnosti opustit svou sou\u010dasnou firmu, aby si mohli vylep\u0161it sv\u00e9 dovednosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tedy, povolen\u00edm vedlej\u0161\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme zabr\u00e1nit situac\u00edm, kdy talentovan\u00ed pracovn\u00edci jsou nuceni rezignovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Klicove_body_pri_povoleni_vedlejsi_cinnosti_v_pracovnim_radu\"><\/span>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body p\u0159i povolen\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e povolujete vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost, je nutn\u00e9 stanovit ur\u010dit\u00e1 pravidla v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du. N\u00ed\u017ee vysv\u011btl\u00edme kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body, na kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba se zam\u011b\u0159it p\u0159i povolov\u00e1n\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ustanoveni_pracovniho_radu_tykajici_se_vedlejsi_cinnosti\"><\/span>Ustanoven\u00ed pracovn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak jsme ji\u017e uvedli, vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost je v z\u00e1sad\u011b svobodn\u00e1, tak\u017ee pokud v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du neexistuje ustanoven\u00ed zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost, lze ji pova\u017eovat za povolenou. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, jak jsme vid\u011bli d\u0159\u00edve, vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost zam\u011bstnanc\u016f p\u0159edstavuje pro hlavn\u00ed firmu ur\u010dit\u00e1 rizika, jako je \u00fanik obchodn\u00edch tajemstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto je vhodn\u00e9 stanovit v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du pravidla pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti, aby firma mohla minimalizovat rizika a z\u00e1rove\u0148 povolit zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jako p\u0159\u00edklad ustanoven\u00ed pracovn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edho se vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti lze uv\u00e9st n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed modelov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky, kter\u00e9 zve\u0159ejnilo japonsk\u00e9 Ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek 68 (Vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost a sou\u010dasn\u00e1 \u010dinnost)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Zam\u011bstnanec m\u016f\u017ee vykon\u00e1vat pr\u00e1ci pro jinou firmu mimo pracovn\u00ed dobu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Zam\u011bstnanec mus\u00ed p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm pr\u00e1ce podle p\u0159edchoz\u00edho odstavce ozn\u00e1mit firm\u011b p\u0159edem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Firma m\u016f\u017ee zak\u00e1zat nebo omezit pr\u00e1ci podle odstavce 1, pokud se vyskytne n\u011bkter\u00e1 z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch situac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2460 Existuj\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky v poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1ce<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2461 Doch\u00e1z\u00ed k \u00faniku obchodn\u00edch tajemstv\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2462 Existuj\u00ed \u010diny, kter\u00e9 po\u0161kozuj\u00ed pov\u011bst nebo d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost firmy, nebo naru\u0161uj\u00ed vztah d\u016fv\u011bry<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2463 Konkurence po\u0161kozuje zisk firmy<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/side-business-labor-regulations3-1024x642.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20856\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/content\/000496428.pdf<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak je uvedeno v modelov\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku 2, b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem povolen\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti je syst\u00e9m p\u0159edchoz\u00edho ozn\u00e1men\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se uplatn\u00ed syst\u00e9m ozn\u00e1men\u00ed, zam\u011bstnanci mohou prov\u00e1d\u011bt vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost, pokud podaj\u00ed ozn\u00e1men\u00ed, a firma nem\u016f\u017ee rozhodovat o povolen\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti podle sv\u00e9ho uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed, pokud nejsou spln\u011bny ur\u010dit\u00e9 podm\u00ednky stanoven\u00e9 p\u0159edem, jak je uvedeno v modelov\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento syst\u00e9m ozn\u00e1men\u00ed se tedy zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od syst\u00e9mu povolen\u00ed, kde firma m\u016f\u017ee rozhodovat o povolen\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti podle sv\u00e9ho uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed, a syst\u00e9m ozn\u00e1men\u00ed je v\u00edce v souladu s \u00fa\u010delem povolen\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto, pokud uplat\u0148ujete syst\u00e9m ozn\u00e1men\u00ed, je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159edem jasn\u011b stanovit p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1, jak je uvedeno v modelov\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku 3. Bez takov\u00fdch ustanoven\u00ed nebude snadn\u00e9 donutit zam\u011bstnance ukon\u010dit vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost, pokud podaj\u00ed ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sprava_pracovni_doby\"><\/span>Spr\u00e1va pracovn\u00ed doby<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed p\u0159i povolen\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti, je spr\u00e1va pracovn\u00ed doby zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Podle japonsk\u00e9ho Z\u00e1kon\u00edku pr\u00e1ce, pokud sou\u010det \u010dasu str\u00e1ven\u00e9ho hlavn\u00ed a vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed z\u00e1konnou pracovn\u00ed dobu, je nutn\u00e9 zaplatit p\u0159\u00edplatek za p\u0159es\u010das.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1klady na p\u0159es\u010dasov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edplatek obvykle nese podnikatel, kter\u00fd uzav\u0159el s zam\u011bstnancem pracovn\u00ed smlouvu nebo jinou smlouvu pozd\u011bji, tak\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161inou by m\u011bla b\u00fdt n\u00e1klady neseny firmou vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, pokud hlavn\u00ed firma vyd\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edkaz k p\u0159es\u010dasu, a\u010dkoli si je v\u011bdoma, \u017ee by mohlo doj\u00edt k v\u00fdskytu p\u0159es\u010dasov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edplatku v d\u016fsledku s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00ed doby hlavn\u00ed a vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti, hlavn\u00ed firma mus\u00ed n\u00e9st n\u00e1klady na p\u0159es\u010dasov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edplatek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bez ohledu na to je hlavn\u00ed firm\u011b vy\u017eadov\u00e1no, aby sledovala a spravovala pracovn\u00ed dobu zam\u011bstnanc\u016f v r\u00e1mci vedlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee vl\u00e1da ozn\u00e1mila politiku povolen\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edch prac\u00ed, o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee po\u010det spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 budou vedlej\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci povolovat, poroste. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, sou\u010dasn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo je \u010dasto zalo\u017eeno na p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee vedlej\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce se nevykon\u00e1v\u00e1, tak\u017ee pokud se skute\u010dn\u011b rozhodnete povolit vedlej\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci, budete pot\u0159ebovat zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed v oblasti \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pracovn\u00edch sil, v\u010detn\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pracovn\u00ed doby, kter\u00e9 jsme zm\u00ednili v \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto je t\u0159eba p\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed povolen\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce nejen stanovit pravidla zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b p\u0159ipravit syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pracovn\u00edch sil.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dosud bylo v Japonsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnostech obvykl\u00e9, \u017ee vedlej\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, v sou\u010dasnosti, pod vlivem takzvan\u00e9 &#8220;reformy pracovn\u00edch postup\u016f&#8221;, se i velk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti za\u010d\u00edna [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63734,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[25,24],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61528"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61528"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63735,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61528\/revisions\/63735"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}