{"id":61546,"date":"2023-12-08T20:25:36","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:25:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61546"},"modified":"2024-03-27T15:31:30","modified_gmt":"2024-03-27T06:31:30","slug":"slander-defamation-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/slander-defamation-law","title":{"rendered":"Nact\u011bn\u00ed pomluv (difamace) na internetu a poru\u0161en\u00ed cti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Bohu\u017eel, na anonymn\u00edch internetov\u00fdch diskusn\u00edch f\u00f3rech nebo osobn\u00edch blog\u016f nen\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9, \u017ee se objevuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky ur\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed nebo pomlouvaj\u00edc\u00ed ostatn\u00ed. Kdy jsou takov\u00e9 ur\u00e1\u017eky a pomluvy pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9? Jak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady skute\u010dn\u011b skon\u010dily u soudu a jak\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed bylo v t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech u\u010din\u011bno?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/slander-defamation-law\/#Spolecenska_a_subjektivni_cest\" title=\" Spole\u010densk\u00e1 a subjektivn\u00ed \u010dest \"> Spole\u010densk\u00e1 a subjektivn\u00ed \u010dest <\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/slander-defamation-law\/#Poskozeni_cti_a_ujmy_na_cti\" title=\"Po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti a \u00fajmy na cti\">Po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti a \u00fajmy na cti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/slander-defamation-law\/#Rozhodovani_o_poruseni_cti\" title=\"Rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o poru\u0161en\u00ed cti\">Rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o poru\u0161en\u00ed cti<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/slander-defamation-law\/#Prispevek_1_%E2%80%9CAbsurdni%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%9CHloupa_zena%E2%80%9D_atd\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 1: &#8220;Absurdn\u00ed&#8221;, &#8220;Hloup\u00e1 \u017eena&#8221; atd.\">P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 1: &#8220;Absurdn\u00ed&#8221;, &#8220;Hloup\u00e1 \u017eena&#8221; atd.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/slander-defamation-law\/#Prispevek_2_%E2%80%9COsklivy%E2%80%9D_atd\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 2: &#8220;O\u0161kliv\u00fd&#8221; atd.\">P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 2: &#8220;O\u0161kliv\u00fd&#8221; atd.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/slander-defamation-law\/#Prispevek_3_%E2%80%9CChudak_maly_hlupak%E2%80%9D_atd\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 3: &#8220;Chud\u00e1k mal\u00fd hlup\u00e1k&#8221; atd.\">P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 3: &#8220;Chud\u00e1k mal\u00fd hlup\u00e1k&#8221; atd.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/slander-defamation-law\/#Prispevek_4_%E2%80%9COsklivka%E2%80%9D_a_podobne\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 4: &#8220;O\u0161klivka&#8221; a podobn\u011b\">P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 4: &#8220;O\u0161klivka&#8221; a podobn\u011b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/slander-defamation-law\/#Prispevek_5_%E2%80%9COsklivka%E2%80%9D_atd\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 5: &#8220;O\u0161klivka&#8221; atd.\">P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 5: &#8220;O\u0161klivka&#8221; atd.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/slander-defamation-law\/#Prispevek_6_%E2%80%9CLehkovaznost%E2%80%9D_atd\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 6: &#8220;Lehkov\u00e1\u017enost&#8221; atd.\">P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 6: &#8220;Lehkov\u00e1\u017enost&#8221; atd.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/slander-defamation-law\/#Prispevek_7_O_obliceji_%E2%80%9Cjako_brambor%E2%80%9D_atd\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 7: O obli\u010deji &#8220;jako brambor&#8221; atd.\">P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 7: O obli\u010deji &#8220;jako brambor&#8221; atd.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/slander-defamation-law\/#Rozsudek_soudu\" title=\"Rozsudek soudu\">Rozsudek soudu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/slander-defamation-law\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Spolecenska_a_subjektivni_cest\"><\/span> Spole\u010densk\u00e1 a subjektivn\u00ed \u010dest <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Je p\u0159irozen\u00e9, \u017ee pokud v\u00e1s n\u011bkdo na internetu ur\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a nad\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1m, nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00e1s naz\u00fdv\u00e1 &#8220;hlup\u00e1kem&#8221; nebo &#8220;o\u0161klivcem&#8221;, budete cht\u00edt n\u011bco podniknout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale bez ohledu na to, kolikr\u00e1t v\u00e1s n\u011bkdo uraz\u00ed nebo nad\u00e1v\u00e1, pokud to nesni\u017euje va\u0161i spole\u010denskou hodnotu, nepova\u017euje se to za pomluvu. Pomluva (\u010dl\u00e1nek 230 Japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku) chr\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010denskou \u010dest jako hodnocen\u00ed ud\u011blen\u00e9 spole\u010dnost\u00ed a pomluva je zalo\u017eena pouze tehdy, kdy\u017e &#8220;spole\u010densk\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed klesne v d\u016fsledku tohoto tvrzen\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mnoho lid\u00ed si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee nemaj\u00ed jinou mo\u017enost ne\u017e ignorovat takov\u00e9 ur\u00e1\u017eky a pomluvy a vydr\u017eet to, a rezignuj\u00ed na to. Ale to nen\u00ed pravda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako v trestn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu, i v ob\u010dansk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu se pova\u017euje za pomluvu, pokud je po\u0161kozena spole\u010densk\u00e1 \u010dest. Av\u0161ak v ob\u010dansk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrana zahrnuje tak\u00e9 subjektivn\u00ed \u010dest, tedy pocit cti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010din m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zalo\u017een i tehdy, kdy\u017e je pocit cti v\u00fdrazn\u011b po\u0161kozen. A ur\u00e1\u017eky a pomluvy na internetu, kter\u00e9 mohou zdivo\u010det, pokud je nech\u00e1te bez dozoru, jsou \u010dasto jen vulg\u00e1rn\u00ed ur\u00e1\u017eky bez jak\u00e9hokoli d\u016fvodu, kter\u00e9 nezahrnuj\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed. Proto je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit &#8220;poru\u0161en\u00ed pocitu cti&#8221; jako mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-and-infringement-of-self-esteem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-and-infringement-of-self-esteem[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Poskozeni_cti_a_ujmy_na_cti\"><\/span>Po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti a \u00fajmy na cti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_701232145-1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9675\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V judikatu\u0159e se uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fajma na cti je &#8220;p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed limit\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00e9, a to pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy je uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee jde o ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; (Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud, 13. dubna 2010 (2010)). Ale konkr\u00e9tn\u011b, kdy m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee n\u011bco p\u0159ekra\u010duje spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 limity a po\u0161kozuje cti, je uzn\u00e1no jako protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a je mo\u017en\u00e9 odstranit \u010dl\u00e1nky na internetu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy A a B, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou v soudn\u00edm sporu, se poh\u00e1dali v chodb\u011b soudu, a A nazval B &#8220;zlod\u011bjem&#8221;, &#8220;zlod\u011bjem&#8221; atd., a B po\u017eadoval od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed od A za po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti nebo \u00fajmy na cti, tedy za &#8220;po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti&#8221; nebo, pokud to nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad, za &#8220;\u00fajmu na cti&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud uznal, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u011b pomlouv\u00e1 \u017ealobce, po\u0161kozuje jeho cti a p\u0159ekra\u010duje hranice tolerance, kter\u00e9 jsou spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00e9, a m\u011blo by b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, obecn\u011b se slova jako &#8220;zlod\u011bj&#8221; a &#8220;zlod\u011bj&#8221; \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159i pomlouv\u00e1n\u00ed ostatn\u00edch. &#8220;Neexistuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy, kter\u00e9 by dok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee byly u\u010din\u011bny konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u00fdroky o sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu, kter\u00e9 by p\u0159esahovaly abstraktn\u00ed v\u00fdrazy jako &#8216;zlod\u011bj&#8217; nebo &#8216;zlod\u011bj&#8217;, a proto nem\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee tyto v\u00fdroky sni\u017euj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed \u017ealobce,&#8221; a po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti nebylo uzn\u00e1no (Tokyo District Court, 19. \u00fanora 2009 (2009)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti je uzn\u00e1no pouze tehdy, kdy\u017e jsou uvedeny konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed skute\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozhodovani_o_poruseni_cti\"><\/span>Rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o poru\u0161en\u00ed cti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_292792988-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9676\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u00edvejme se na p\u0159\u00edklady soudn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed a jak jsou ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdroky hodnoceny. Jde o p\u0159\u00edpady n\u00e1hrady \u0161kody za pomluvu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u010dkoli se jedn\u00e1 o rozhodnut\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00edho soudu, mysl\u00edm, \u017ee je to u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 reference pro to, jak soudy hodnot\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 situace v ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dalobce zalo\u017eil blog pod n\u00e1zvem &#8220;B&#8221;, kde psal o kr\u00e1se, zdrav\u00ed, rand\u011bn\u00ed, l\u00e1sce a hled\u00e1n\u00ed partnera. Na blogu tak\u00e9 zve\u0159ejnil svou fotografii. Pracoval jako dent\u00e1ln\u00ed hygienik v klinice A a na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch t\u00e9to kliniky byly zve\u0159ejn\u011bny fotografie n\u011bkolika dent\u00e1ln\u00edch hygienik\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b \u017ealobce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd identifikoval jm\u00e9no \u017ealobce na Facebooku a na vl\u00e1knu na 5chan opakovan\u011b pomlouval &#8220;B&#8221;, uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc jeho skute\u010dn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no. \u017dalobce po\u017eadoval n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody za sedm z t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dalobce po\u017e\u00e1dal poskytovatele obsahu a slu\u017eeb o zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed a z\u00edskal IP adresu. Po\u017e\u00e1dal poskytovatele o ulo\u017een\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli, na\u010de\u017e byl informov\u00e1n, \u017ee kabelov\u00e1 televizn\u00ed spole\u010dnost m\u00e1 tyto informace. Pot\u00e9 podal \u017ealobu na zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli proti kabelov\u00e9 televizn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti a bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee ob\u017ealovan\u00fd je odes\u00edlatelem v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f v t\u00e9to v\u011bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/disclosure-of-the-senders-information\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/disclosure-of-the-senders-information[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/provider-liability-limitation-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/provider-liability-limitation-law[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Soud nejprve uznal, \u017ee \u017ealobce p\u0159ed prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem v t\u00e9to v\u011bci zve\u0159ejnil svou fotografii a povol\u00e1n\u00ed na blogu a \u017ee jeho skute\u010dn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vyhledat na jin\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch. Proto, pokud n\u011bkdo, kdo zn\u00e1 n\u011bkter\u00e9 informace o \u017ealobci, vid\u00ed tyto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky a interpretuje je s b\u011b\u017enou pozornost\u00ed a \u010dten\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi dovednostmi obecn\u00e9ho \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e, i kdy\u017e byly pou\u017eity n\u00e1zvy, kter\u00e9 se vysm\u00edvaj\u00ed &#8220;B&#8221; a identifikuj\u00ed jednotlivce, tyto n\u00e1zvy jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za odkaz na \u017ealobce, autora tohoto blogu.<br> Rozsudek Okresn\u00edho soudu v Tokiu ze dne 15. ledna 2019 (rok 2019 podle gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e)<br><\/p>\n<cite><br>  <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>  Po uzn\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u017enosti identifikace soud posoudil, zda sedm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho p\u0159edstavuje nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zjistit, jak\u00e9 ur\u00e1\u017eky jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za &#8220;poru\u0161en\u00ed cti&#8221; a jak\u00e9 ur\u00e1\u017eky &#8220;nep\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed hranice spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho a neporu\u0161uj\u00ed cti \u017ealobce&#8221;.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-privacy-infringement-identifiability\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-privacy-infringement-identifiability[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prispevek_1_%E2%80%9CAbsurdni%E2%80%9D_%E2%80%9CHloupa_zena%E2%80%9D_atd\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 1: &#8220;Absurdn\u00ed&#8221;, &#8220;Hloup\u00e1 \u017eena&#8221; atd.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Koment\u00e1\u0159 na blogov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek, kter\u00fd uv\u00e1d\u00ed &#8220;Pochyboval jsem, zda je to skute\u010dn\u00e9 kv\u016fli absurdit\u011b&#8221;, byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n pouze za vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1zoru ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd si p\u0159e\u010detl dan\u00fd blog. Nebylo to pova\u017eov\u00e1no za p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00fdch hranic a naru\u0161en\u00ed cti \u017ealobce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, koment\u00e1\u0159 &#8220;Hloup\u00e1 \u017eena&#8221;, kter\u00fd ozna\u010duje \u017ealobkyni za &#8220;hloupou&#8221;, byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za kritiku samotn\u00e9 osobnosti \u017ealobkyn\u011b. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 \u017ealobkyni identifikovat jako B, bylo to pova\u017eov\u00e1no za p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00fdch hranic a naru\u0161en\u00ed cti \u017ealobkyn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prispevek_2_%E2%80%9COsklivy%E2%80%9D_atd\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 2: &#8220;O\u0161kliv\u00fd&#8221; atd.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Popisov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017ealobce jako &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00e9ho&#8221;, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je fyzicky nevzhledn\u00fd, a nav\u00edc nazna\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee \u017ealobce a jeho partner jsou &#8220;nechutn\u00ed&#8221;, co\u017e vyjad\u0159uje pocity odporu, bylo uzn\u00e1no jako p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed hranic spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed a jako poru\u0161en\u00ed cti \u017ealobce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prispevek_3_%E2%80%9CChudak_maly_hlupak%E2%80%9D_atd\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 3: &#8220;Chud\u00e1k mal\u00fd hlup\u00e1k&#8221; atd.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Popisov\u00e1n\u00ed partnera \u017ealobce jako &#8220;chud\u00e1k mal\u00fd hlup\u00e1k, kter\u00fd je jen mlad\u00fd&#8221; a ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017ealobce, kter\u00fd je t\u00edmto partnerem okouzlen, jako &#8220;\u017ealostn\u00e9&#8221;, je v\u00fdrazem posm\u011bchu v\u016f\u010di partnerovi \u017ealobce, nikoli ur\u00e1\u017ekou samotn\u00e9ho \u017ealobce. Nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee by vztah s takovou osobou obecn\u011b ovlivnil hodnocen\u00ed charakteru \u010dlov\u011bka. I kdy\u017e v\u00fdraz &#8220;\u017ealostn\u00fd&#8221; nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00edrn\u00fd, pokud se na p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 3 d\u00edv\u00e1me jako na celek, je to jen n\u00e1zor na chov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017ealobce a nelze uznat, \u017ee by p\u0159ekro\u010dil hranice spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho. Proto bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 3 nep\u0159edstavuje protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u016f\u010di \u017ealobci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prispevek_4_%E2%80%9COsklivka%E2%80%9D_a_podobne\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 4: &#8220;O\u0161klivka&#8221; a podobn\u011b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Slovo &#8220;o\u0161klivka&#8221;, kter\u00e9 je interpretov\u00e1no jako synonymum pro &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00fd&#8221;, bylo pou\u017eito \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t a v t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch byly v\u00fdroky jako &#8220;Jak je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee i upraven\u00e9 fotky vypadaj\u00ed o\u0161kliv\u011b, haha&#8221;. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem byla \u017ealobkyn\u011b ur\u00e1\u017eena, i kdy\u017e by m\u011bla b\u00fdt na upraven\u00fdch fotografi\u00edch obvykle vypadat l\u00e9pe. Nav\u00edc, pou\u017eit\u00edm zna\u010dky &#8220;haha&#8221;, kter\u00e1 symbolizuje sm\u00edch, byla \u017ealobkyn\u011b ur\u00e1\u017eena. Vzhledem k p\u0159edchoz\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016fm, kde bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikovat jm\u00e9no \u017ealobkyn\u011b na Facebooku pomoc\u00ed vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jmen a skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee na blogu byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna fotografie \u017ealobkyn\u011b, bylo uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee takov\u00fd obsah p\u0159ekra\u010duje hranice spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho a ur\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u017ealobkyni, co\u017e poru\u0161uje jej\u00ed pocit cti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prispevek_5_%E2%80%9COsklivka%E2%80%9D_atd\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 5: &#8220;O\u0161klivka&#8221; atd.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud uznal, \u017ee ozna\u010den\u00ed \u017ealobkyn\u011b jako &#8220;o\u0161klivka&#8221; p\u0159ekra\u010duje hranice spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 kritiky a je ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9. Toto ozna\u010den\u00ed bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za poru\u0161en\u00ed cti a d\u016fstojnosti \u017ealobkyn\u011b.\n\nNa druhou stranu, v\u00fdroky jako &#8220;Je to uboh\u00e9&#8230; opravdu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd den vypad\u00e1 tr\u00e1pen\u011b&#8221;, kter\u00e9 \u017ealobkyni ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako &#8220;ubohou&#8221;, nebyly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9. Tyto v\u00fdroky nezneva\u017euj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed vzhled \u017ealobkyn\u011b, ale jsou pouze vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edm n\u00e1zoru \u017ealovan\u00e9ho. Soud tedy rozhodl, \u017ee tyto v\u00fdroky nep\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed hranice spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 kritiky a neporu\u0161uj\u00ed cti a d\u016fstojnosti \u017ealobkyn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prispevek_6_%E2%80%9CLehkovaznost%E2%80%9D_atd\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 6: &#8220;Lehkov\u00e1\u017enost&#8221; atd.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee bylo uvedeno &#8220;pou\u0161t\u011bt do sv\u00e9ho domu o\u0161kliv\u00e9 a nevzhledn\u00e9 lidi&#8221;, byl \u017ealobce ozna\u010den jako &#8220;lehkov\u00e1\u017en\u00fd&#8221; s koment\u00e1\u0159em &#8220;pokud nezlep\u0161\u00ed\u0161 svou lehkov\u00e1\u017enost, nem\u00e1\u0161 jako o\u0161kliv\u00e1 \u017eena budoucnost&#8221;. Slovo &#8220;lehkov\u00e1\u017en\u00fd&#8221; je pou\u017eito v kontextu, kter\u00fd nazna\u010duje nemravn\u00e9 sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed, a to i v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm textu. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o v\u00fdraz pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pro ozna\u010den\u00ed lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed vztahy pouze za \u00fa\u010delem sexu. Proto bylo uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 6 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee \u017ealobce je osoba, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 lehkov\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed vztahy, a \u017ee je o\u0161kliv\u00e1. Toto p\u0159ekra\u010duje hranice spole\u010densky p\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed a bylo uzn\u00e1no jako poru\u0161en\u00ed cti \u017ealobce.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prispevek_7_O_obliceji_%E2%80%9Cjako_brambor%E2%80%9D_atd\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek 7: O obli\u010deji &#8220;jako brambor&#8221; atd.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dalobkyn\u011b m\u00e1 obli\u010dej &#8220;jako brambor&#8221; a je uvedeno, \u017ee &#8220;i kdy\u017e jsou \u010d\u00e1sti obli\u010deje velk\u00e9, vypad\u00e1 o\u0161kliv\u011b, proto\u017ee obrys nen\u00ed upraven\u00fd&#8221;. Toto hodnocen\u00ed \u017ealobkyn\u011b jako &#8220;o\u0161kliv\u00e9&#8221; je zalo\u017eeno na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch rys\u016f jej\u00edho vzhledu a p\u0159ekra\u010duje soci\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 hranice, \u010d\u00edm\u017e po\u0161kozuje jej\u00ed pocit cti. Uznali jsme, \u017ee toto tvo\u0159\u00ed nez\u00e1konn\u00fd \u010din proti \u017ealobkyni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozsudek_soudu\"><\/span>Rozsudek soudu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tokijsk\u00fd okresn\u00ed soud rozhodl, \u017ee v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky v t\u00e9to v\u011bci byly opakovan\u011b zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1ny na anonymn\u00edm internetov\u00e9m diskusn\u00edm f\u00f3ru 5chan, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 v\u0161em, a to t\u00edm, \u017ee \u017ealobkyni opakovan\u011b ur\u00e1\u017eeli kv\u016fli jej\u00edmu vzhledu, naz\u00fdvali ji &#8220;o\u0161klivou&#8221; a &#8220;\u0161karedou&#8221;, a nav\u00edc ur\u00e1\u017eeli jej\u00edho partnera a naz\u00fdvali ji &#8220;lehkou&#8221;. Soud zv\u00e1\u017eil po\u010det takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho a obsah v\u0161ech zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f a rozhodl, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1stka 200 000 jen\u016f je dostate\u010dn\u00e1 pro od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed du\u0161evn\u00edho utrpen\u00ed \u017ealobkyn\u011b zp\u016fsoben\u00e9ho poru\u0161en\u00edm jej\u00ed cti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dalobkyn\u011b po\u017eadovala 1 002 602 jen\u016f jako n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 s odhalen\u00edm informac\u00ed o odes\u00edlateli, ale soud na\u0159\u00eddil zaplatit 859 373 jen\u016f jako \u0161kodu zp\u016fsobenou nez\u00e1konn\u00fdm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinnou souvislost s \u010diny \u017ealobkyn\u011b (tj. bez p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku 3, tedy 6\/7), a 100 000 jen\u016f jako n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed, celkem 1 159 373 jen\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za pomluvu je \u010dasto n\u00edzk\u00e9 a nespl\u0148uje o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, ale od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed za poru\u0161en\u00ed cti je v\u011bt\u0161inou je\u0161t\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dalobkyn\u011b v tomto procesu mohla b\u00fdt nespokojen\u00e1, ale byla schopna zastavit ur\u00e1\u017eky a nad\u00e1vky, kter\u00e9 by se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zhor\u0161ily, pokud by byly ignorov\u00e1ny. \u010c\u00e1stka 1 159 373 jen\u016f, kterou musel ob\u017ealovan\u00fd zaplatit jako n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, mohla b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u00e1 k vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed jeho l\u00edtosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/calculation-method-of-compensation-for-damages[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Opakuji, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edklady, kter\u00e9 jsme zde uvedli, jsou pouze rozhodnut\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch soud\u016f. P\u0159esto v\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee mohou slou\u017eit jako referen\u010dn\u00ed bod pro pochopen\u00ed, jak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ur\u00e1\u017eky jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za nep\u0159ijateln\u00e9 a jak jsou jednotliv\u00e9 ur\u00e1\u017eky a ur\u00e1\u017eky hodnoceny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud jste ob\u011bt\u00ed opakovan\u00fdch ur\u00e1\u017eek, pomluv nebo ur\u00e1\u017eek, pora\u010fte se s zku\u0161en\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem, zda je mo\u017en\u00e9 podat \u017ealobu pro ur\u00e1\u017eku na cti. Pokud to nen\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za ur\u00e1\u017eku na cti, zjist\u011bte, zda to nen\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed va\u0161ich citov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bohu\u017eel, na anonymn\u00edch internetov\u00fdch diskusn\u00edch f\u00f3rech nebo osobn\u00edch blog\u016f nen\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9, \u017ee se objevuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky ur\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed nebo pomlouvaj\u00edc\u00ed ostatn\u00ed. Kdy jsou takov\u00e9 ur\u00e1\u017eky a pomluvy pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63501,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61546"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61546"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61546\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63502,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61546\/revisions\/63502"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63501"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61546"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}