{"id":61574,"date":"2023-12-08T20:25:38","date_gmt":"2023-12-08T11:25:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=61574"},"modified":"2024-03-29T17:03:55","modified_gmt":"2024-03-29T08:03:55","slug":"stalker-regulatory-law-amendment-gps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/stalker-regulatory-law-amendment-gps","title":{"rendered":"Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch bod\u016f novely japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o regulaci stalkingu ~O pou\u017eit\u00ed GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed~"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o regulaci stalkingu je z\u00e1konem, kter\u00fd reguluje stalkery, kte\u0159\u00ed opakovan\u011b &#8220;pron\u00e1sleduj\u00ed&#8221; sv\u00e9 ob\u011bti. Jeho ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1zev je &#8220;Z\u00e1kon o regulaci stalkingu a podobn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f&#8221; a byl p\u0159ijat v listopadu 2000 (rok 2000 podle gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1\u0159e) na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpadu &#8220;Okegawa Stalker Murder&#8221; z p\u0159edchoz\u00edho roku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento z\u00e1kon o regulaci stalkingu byl dvakr\u00e1t zm\u011bn\u011bn v reakci na zm\u011bny doby, zejm\u00e9na na v\u00fdvoj internetu a zm\u011bny v chov\u00e1n\u00ed stalker\u016f. Dne 18. kv\u011btna 2021 byla schv\u00e1lena t\u0159et\u00ed zm\u011bna tohoto z\u00e1kona v pl\u00e9nu Sn\u011bmovny reprezentant\u016f a byla p\u0159ijata. Pln\u011b vstoupil v platnost v srpnu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tentokr\u00e1t byly provedeny zm\u011bny v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dty\u0159ech bodech:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed polohy pomoc\u00ed GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>St\u0159e\u017een\u00ed a podobn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti v bl\u00edzkosti m\u00edsta, kde se ob\u011b\u0165 aktu\u00e1ln\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed\n     <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed dokument\u016f navzdory odm\u00edtnut\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se z\u00e1kaz\u016f a podobn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Vysv\u011btl\u00edme kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body t\u00e9to novely z\u00e1kona o regulaci stalkingu, zejm\u00e9na zm\u011bny t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se &#8220;neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed polohy pomoc\u00ed GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed&#8221; a &#8220;st\u0159e\u017een\u00ed a podobn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti m\u00edsta, kde se ob\u011b\u0165 aktu\u00e1ln\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/stalker-regulatory-law-amendment-gps\/#Zakon_o_regulaci_stalkingu_a_jeho_minule_upravy\" title=\"Z\u00e1kon o regulaci stalkingu a jeho minul\u00e9 \u00fapravy\">Z\u00e1kon o regulaci stalkingu a jeho minul\u00e9 \u00fapravy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/stalker-regulatory-law-amendment-gps\/#Aktualni_novela_a_%E2%80%9Chlidani%E2%80%9D\" title=\"Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed novela a &#8220;hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;\">Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed novela a &#8220;hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/stalker-regulatory-law-amendment-gps\/#Pripad_ktery_zpusobil_problemy\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edpad, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobil probl\u00e9my\">P\u0159\u00edpad, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobil probl\u00e9my<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/stalker-regulatory-law-amendment-gps\/#Rozhodnuti_prvni_instance\" title=\"Rozhodnut\u00ed prvn\u00ed instance\">Rozhodnut\u00ed prvn\u00ed instance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/stalker-regulatory-law-amendment-gps\/#Rozhodnuti_odvolaciho_soudu\" title=\"Rozhodnut\u00ed odvolac\u00edho soudu\">Rozhodnut\u00ed odvolac\u00edho soudu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/stalker-regulatory-law-amendment-gps\/#Rozhodnuti_Nejvyssiho_soudu\" title=\"Rozhodnut\u00ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu\">Rozhodnut\u00ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/stalker-regulatory-law-amendment-gps\/#Treti_novela_zakona_o_regulaci_stalkingu\" title=\"T\u0159et\u00ed novela z\u00e1kona o regulaci stalkingu\">T\u0159et\u00ed novela z\u00e1kona o regulaci stalkingu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/stalker-regulatory-law-amendment-gps\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/stalker-regulatory-law-amendment-gps\/#Uvod_do_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"\u00davod do opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e  \">\u00davod do opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e  <\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zakon_o_regulaci_stalkingu_a_jeho_minule_upravy\"><\/span>Z\u00e1kon o regulaci stalkingu a jeho minul\u00e9 \u00fapravy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o regulaci stalkingu definuje stalking jako opakovan\u00e9 &#8220;pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed atd.&#8221; konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed osoby z d\u016fvodu napln\u011bn\u00ed citov\u00fdch pocit\u016f, jako je l\u00e1ska, nebo z ho\u0159kosti z toho, \u017ee tyto pocity nebyly napln\u011bny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed atd.&#8221; zahrnuje pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed v z\u00e1loze, n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu bydli\u0161t\u011b atd., potulov\u00e1n\u00ed se v bl\u00edzkosti bydli\u0161t\u011b, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, po\u017eadavky na setk\u00e1n\u00ed nebo vztah, hrub\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, tich\u00e9 nebo opakovan\u00e9 telefon\u00e1ty, zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed odpadk\u016f nebo mrtv\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti, jedn\u00e1n\u00ed po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed cti atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento z\u00e1kon o regulaci stalkingu byl opakovan\u011b upravov\u00e1n v\u017edy, kdy\u017e se staly probl\u00e9mem \u010diny, kter\u00e9 nebyly p\u016fvodn\u011b regulov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V roce 2013 (Heisei 25) do\u0161lo k \u00faprav\u011b z\u00e1kona po &#8220;vra\u017ed\u011b stalkera v Zushi&#8221; v prefektu\u0159e Kanagawa v roce 2012 (Heisei 24). P\u0159i t\u00e9to \u00faprav\u011b bylo do regulace zahrnuto opakovan\u00e9 zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed e-mail\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V roce 2016 (Heisei 28) byl z\u00e1kon upraven po &#8220;pokus o vra\u017edu stalkera v Koganei&#8221; v Tokiu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e do regulace byly zahrnuty tak\u00e9 opakovan\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch jako je Twitter a neust\u00e1l\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky na blogy, tedy stalking pomoc\u00ed elektronick\u00e9 komunikace (internetov\u00fd stalker).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spolu s t\u00edm byl z\u00e1kon zm\u011bn\u011bn z trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu, kter\u00fd vy\u017eadoval st\u00ed\u017enost od ob\u011bti, na trestn\u00fd \u010din, kter\u00fd st\u00ed\u017enost od ob\u011bti nevy\u017eadoval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak i po t\u011bchto \u00faprav\u00e1ch se zp\u016fsoby stalkingu m\u011bnily s pokrokem technologie, a tak se za\u010daly objevovat p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy bylo tajn\u011b instalov\u00e1no GPS do automobilu b\u00fdval\u00e9ho partnera a byly z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1ny informace o jeho poloze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Policii se poda\u0159ilo \u0159e\u0161it takov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady pou\u017eit\u00ed GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jako &#8220;hl\u00eddkov\u00e1n\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti bydli\u0161t\u011b atd.&#8221;, ale v \u010dervenci 2020 (Reiwa 2) Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud poprv\u00e9 rozhodl, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed GPS nespad\u00e1 pod &#8220;hl\u00eddkov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;, kter\u00e9 je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no sou\u010dasn\u00fdm z\u00e1konem o regulaci stalkingu, co\u017e zt\u00ed\u017eilo jeho vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed a vy\u017eadovalo rychlou \u00fapravu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/stalker-regulation-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/stalker-regulation-law[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aktualni_novela_a_%E2%80%9Chlidani%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed novela a &#8220;hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle paragrafu 2, odstavec 1, bod 1 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o regulaci stalkingu (\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u898f\u5236\u6cd5) je definov\u00e1no:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o regulaci stalkingu a podobn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f <br>(Definice) \u010cl\u00e1nek 2 <br>V tomto z\u00e1kon\u011b se term\u00ednem &#8220;stalkov\u00e1n\u00ed atd.&#8221; rozum\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je zam\u011b\u0159eno na uspokojen\u00ed romantick\u00fdch nebo jin\u00fdch pozitivn\u00edch emoc\u00ed v\u016f\u010di konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed osob\u011b, nebo na uspokojen\u00ed pocitu nen\u00e1visti v\u016f\u010di skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee tyto emoce nebyly napln\u011bny, a kter\u00e9 je prov\u00e1d\u011bno v\u016f\u010di t\u00e9to konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed osob\u011b nebo jej\u00edmu man\u017eelovi, p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm nebo p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm \u017eij\u00edc\u00edm ve stejn\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti, nebo jin\u00fdm osob\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 s touto konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed osobou udr\u017euj\u00ed t\u011bsn\u00fd vztah v soci\u00e1ln\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, a zahrnuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dinnosti: <br>1 Stalkov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed v z\u00e1loze, blokov\u00e1n\u00ed cesty, hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti bydli\u0161t\u011b, pracovi\u0161t\u011b, \u0161koly nebo jin\u00e9ho m\u00edsta, kde se obvykle nach\u00e1z\u00ed (d\u00e1le jen &#8220;bydli\u0161t\u011b atd.&#8221;), vniknut\u00ed do bydli\u0161t\u011b atd., nebo bezd\u016fvodn\u00e9 potulov\u00e1n\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti bydli\u0161t\u011b atd.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Probl\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd se tentokr\u00e1t objevil, byla regulace \u010dinnosti &#8220;hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; v bl\u00edzkosti &#8220;bydli\u0161t\u011b, pracovi\u0161t\u011b, \u0161koly nebo jin\u00e9ho m\u00edsta, kde se obvykle nach\u00e1z\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripad_ktery_zpusobil_problemy\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edpad, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobil probl\u00e9my<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/stalker-regulatory-law-amendment-gps1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-33664\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edpad, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobil probl\u00e9my, se t\u00fdk\u00e1 ob\u011bti (v t\u00e9 dob\u011b 28 a\u017e 29 let), na kterou se ob\u017ealovan\u00fd od 23. dubna 2016 (Heisei 28) do 23. \u00fanora n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho roku (Heisei 29) po dobu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f zam\u011b\u0159il. Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd tajn\u011b p\u0159ipevnil elektronick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s GPS funkc\u00ed na auto, kter\u00e9 ob\u011b\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvala, v\u00edce ne\u017e 600kr\u00e1t na parkovi\u0161ti kade\u0159nictv\u00ed v Sasebo v prefektu\u0159e Nagasaki a sledoval polohu auta, aby zjistil jej\u00ed pohyby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto kade\u0159nictv\u00ed bylo m\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 ob\u011b\u0165 nav\u0161t\u011bvovala ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve. Kdy\u017e pracovala na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd \u00favazek v hostinci, zastavila se v tomto kade\u0159nictv\u00ed p\u0159ed prac\u00ed, aby se p\u0159ipravila, a kdy\u017e ho vyu\u017e\u00edvala, parkovala sv\u00e9 auto na jeho parkovi\u0161ti. Nav\u00edc, od \u010dervna 2016 (Heisei 28) do konce prosince 2017 (Heisei 29), ob\u011b\u0165 pracovala na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd \u00favazek v jin\u00e9m hostinci a i pot\u00e9 tam ob\u010das parkovala sv\u00e9 auto, kdy\u017e tam pracovala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Baterie GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mohla fungovat a\u017e 240 hodin nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b po p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dvou hodin\u00e1ch nab\u00edjen\u00ed, tak\u017ee ob\u017ealovan\u00fd chodil p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b jednou t\u00fddn\u011b s p\u0159\u00edtelem na parkovi\u0161t\u011b kade\u0159nictv\u00ed atd., kontroloval, zda je auto p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9, a aby ho ob\u011b\u0165 a dal\u0161\u00ed neobjevili, odpojil GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z auta ob\u011bti, nab\u00edjel ho doma a pot\u00e9 ho znovu p\u0159ipevnil na auto ob\u011bti. Tento proces opakoval mnohokr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e ob\u017ealovan\u00fd odpojoval nebo p\u0159ipojoval GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jeho p\u0159\u00edtel v aut\u011b, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali k cest\u011b na m\u00edsto, kontroloval, zda se nikdo nep\u0159ibli\u017euje, nebo zda policejn\u00ed vozidlo neproj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed okol\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozhodnuti_prvni_instance\"><\/span>Rozhodnut\u00ed prvn\u00ed instance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V prvn\u00ed instanci obh\u00e1jce tvrdil, \u017ee \u010diny ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho nespadaj\u00ed pod \u010dinnost &#8220;hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti bydli\u0161t\u011b atd.&#8221; podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 2 odstavce 1 bodu 1 &#8220;Z\u00e1kona o regulaci stalkerov\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed atd.&#8221; (Japonsk\u00fd ~), ale soud rozhodl, \u017ee<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u010cinnost vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed polohy m\u00edsta, kde se ob\u011b\u0165 nach\u00e1z\u00ed, pomoc\u00ed GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed namontovan\u00e9ho na automobilu, lze tak\u00e9 pova\u017eovat za jednu formu &#8220;hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;. <br>A &#8220;hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; je podle z\u00e1kona prov\u00e1d\u011bno &#8220;v bl\u00edzkosti bydli\u0161t\u011b, pracovi\u0161t\u011b, \u0161koly nebo jin\u00e9ho m\u00edsta, kde se (ur\u010dit\u00e1 osoba) obvykle nach\u00e1z\u00ed&#8221;. I kdy\u017e se automobil, kter\u00fd ob\u011b\u0165 pravideln\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, li\u0161\u00ed od &#8220;bydli\u0161t\u011b, pracovi\u0161t\u011b, \u0161kola&#8221; t\u00edm, \u017ee zahrnuje pohyb z m\u00edsta na m\u00edsto, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy je na automobil namontov\u00e1no GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, lze kdykoli vyhledat a zjistit polohu m\u00edsta, kam ur\u010dit\u00e1 osoba jde. Pokud je automobil pravideln\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jako prost\u0159edek pro pohyb ur\u010dit\u00e9 osoby z m\u00edsta na m\u00edsto, je vhodn\u00e9 pova\u017eovat automobil samotn\u00fd za &#8220;jin\u00e9 m\u00edsto, kde se obvykle nach\u00e1z\u00ed&#8221;. <\/p>\n<cite>Soud v Saze, rozhodnut\u00ed ze dne 22. ledna 2018 (2018)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud rozhodl, \u017ee ob\u017ealovan\u00fd jako hlavn\u00ed pachatel zapojil spolupachatele a b\u011bhem p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f prov\u00e1d\u011bl stalkerovou \u010dinnost ve form\u011b mnoha epizod hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le soud konstatoval, \u017ee strach a nepohodl\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ob\u011b\u0165 za\u017eila, nelze p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eet. I kdy\u017e ob\u017ealovan\u00fd m\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159edchoz\u00ed tresty, v \u0159\u00edjnu 2013 byl odsouzen k trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody na 1 rok a 6 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f za kr\u00e1de\u017e, s odkladem na 3 roky, a b\u011bhem odkladu za\u010dal sp\u00e1chat trestn\u00fd \u010din v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b. Jeho postoj k ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed norem je tak\u00e9 z\u0159ejm\u00fd. Soud mu proto ulo\u017eil trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody na 6 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f bez odkladu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd se proti tomuto rozhodnut\u00ed odvolal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozhodnuti_odvolaciho_soudu\"><\/span>Rozhodnut\u00ed odvolac\u00edho soudu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Odvolac\u00ed soud p\u0159ijal v\u0161echny argumenty \u017ealobce ohledn\u011b &#8220;ur\u010den\u00ed skute\u010dnost\u00ed&#8221;, ale do\u0161el k odli\u0161n\u00e9mu z\u00e1v\u011bru. Nejprve, co se t\u00fd\u010de ur\u010den\u00ed skute\u010dnost\u00ed, soud uznal, \u017ee ob\u017ealovan\u00fd b\u011bhem p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f opakovan\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1val polohov\u00e9 \u00fadaje GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e z\u00edskal mnoho polohov\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f o ob\u011bti, v\u010detn\u011b jej\u00edho domova, pracovi\u0161t\u011b, parkovi\u0161t\u011b u kade\u0159nictv\u00ed a okol\u00ed m\u00edsta A, stejn\u011b jako m\u00edsta, kter\u00e1 ob\u011b\u0165 nav\u0161t\u00edvila v prefektur\u00e1ch Nagasaki a Saga pomoc\u00ed dan\u00e9ho automobilu. Pot\u00e9 soud rozhodl o &#8220;hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; n\u00e1sledovn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;Hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; je obecn\u011b ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed pohybu a klidu c\u00edle pomoc\u00ed smyslov\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f, jako je zrak. Jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, z\u00e1kon omezuje &#8220;hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; na \u010diny prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 v bl\u00edzkosti ob\u011btina bydli\u0161t\u011b atd. Pokud jde o tento p\u0159\u00edpad, \u010din z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed polohov\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f dan\u00e9ho automobilu a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pohybu a klidu dan\u00e9 osoby pomoc\u00ed GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed instalovan\u00e9ho v dan\u00e9m automobilu, kter\u00fd je prov\u00e1d\u011bn na d\u00e1lku pomoc\u00ed mobiln\u00edho telefonu p\u0159ipojen\u00e9ho na webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky spole\u010dnosti poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed polohov\u00e9 \u00fadaje pomoc\u00ed GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nen\u00ed &#8220;hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00edm&#8221; ve smyslu z\u00e1kona, proto\u017ee nejde o pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed pohybu a klidu ob\u011bti pomoc\u00ed smyslov\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f v bl\u00edzkosti ob\u011btina bydli\u0161t\u011b atd. Je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 to ch\u00e1pat jako nespadaj\u00edc\u00ed do z\u00e1konn\u00e9 definice &#8220;hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n<cite>Rozhodnut\u00ed Fukuoka High Court ze dne 21. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2018 (2018)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto to bylo uvedeno. \u010cin z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed polohov\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f dan\u00e9ho automobilu a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pohybu a klidu dan\u00e9 osoby pomoc\u00ed GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed instalovan\u00e9ho v dan\u00e9m automobilu, kter\u00fd je prov\u00e1d\u011bn na d\u00e1lku pomoc\u00ed mobiln\u00edho telefonu, nen\u00ed &#8220;hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00edm&#8221; ve smyslu japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o regulaci stalkingov\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee nejde o \u010din prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd v bl\u00edzkosti ob\u011btina bydli\u0161t\u011b atd. Soud tedy zru\u0161il p\u016fvodn\u00ed rozsudek a vr\u00e1til p\u0159\u00edpad k dal\u0161\u00edmu projedn\u00e1n\u00ed do Saga District Court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017dalobce se proti tomuto rozhodnut\u00ed odvolal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozhodnuti_Nejvyssiho_soudu\"><\/span>Rozhodnut\u00ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/stalker-regulatory-law-amendment-gps2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-33845\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Na odvol\u00e1n\u00ed ze strany \u017ealobce, Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud rozhodl,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 2 odstavec 1 bod 1 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o regulaci stalkingu (\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u898f\u5236\u6cd5) je ur\u010den pro jedince, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed k ur\u010dit\u00e9 osob\u011b nebo osob\u011b, se kterou maj\u00ed v soci\u00e1ln\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b \u00fazk\u00fd vztah, pozitivn\u00ed emoce, a stanovuje, \u017ee &#8220;hl\u00eddaj\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti jejich bydli\u0161t\u011b, pracovi\u0161t\u011b, \u0161koly nebo jin\u00fdch m\u00edst, kde obvykle pob\u00fdvaj\u00ed (bydli\u0161t\u011b atd.)&#8221;. Vzhledem k obsahu a \u00fa\u010delu tohoto ustanoven\u00ed, je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 ch\u00e1pat, \u017ee aby \u010dinnost odpov\u00eddala &#8220;hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti bydli\u0161t\u011b atd.&#8221;, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt provedena \u010dinnost sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pohybu ur\u010dit\u00e9 osoby atd. na ur\u010dit\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b v bl\u00edzkosti &#8220;bydli\u0161t\u011b atd.&#8221;, i kdy\u017e se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed atd.<\/p>\n<cite> Rozhodnut\u00ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu ze dne 30. \u010dervence 2020 (2020)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozhodl tak. Lokalizace vozidla ob\u011bti byla provedena na m\u00edst\u011b vzd\u00e1len\u00e9m od parkovi\u0161t\u011b atd., a informace o poloze vozidla, kter\u00e9 se pohybuje pry\u010d od parkovi\u0161t\u011b atd., nelze pova\u017eovat za informace o pohybu ob\u011bti v bl\u00edzkosti parkovi\u0161t\u011b atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cinnost ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho nespl\u0148uje v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 po\u017eadavky, a proto nespad\u00e1 do \u010dinnosti &#8220;hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti bydli\u0161t\u011b atd.&#8221;, a je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 udr\u017eet rozhodnut\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu, kter\u00fd p\u0159edal p\u0159\u00edpad zp\u011bt k soudu prvn\u00ed instance, a odm\u00edtl odvol\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Treti_novela_zakona_o_regulaci_stalkingu\"><\/span>T\u0159et\u00ed novela z\u00e1kona o regulaci stalkingu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V reakci na rozhodnut\u00ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu vznikla pot\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it p\u0159\u00edpady stalkingu pomoc\u00ed GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Proto byla v \u0159\u00edjnu 2020 z\u0159\u00edzena &#8220;Expertn\u00ed skupina pro zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed regulace stalkingu a podobn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f&#8221;, kter\u00e1 po \u010dty\u0159ech sch\u016fzk\u00e1ch v lednu 2021 p\u0159edlo\u017eila &#8220;Zpr\u00e1vu o regulaci stalkingu a podobn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f (n\u00e1vrh)&#8221;, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdvala \u010dty\u0159mi body uveden\u00fdmi na za\u010d\u00e1tku. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u00e9to zpr\u00e1vy byla 18. kv\u011btna 2021 na plen\u00e1rn\u00edm zased\u00e1n\u00ed Sn\u011bmovny schv\u00e1lena a p\u0159ijata t\u0159et\u00ed novela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V novele se roz\u0161i\u0159uje &#8220;rozsah regulovan\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed&#8221; na &#8220;neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed polohov\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f pomoc\u00ed GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed&#8221;, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u010dinnost z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed polohov\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159enos polohy (GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed atd.) bez souhlasu druh\u00e9 strany<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010dinnost p\u0159ipevn\u011bn\u00ed GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed atd. na v\u011bci druh\u00e9 strany bez jej\u00edho souhlasu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bylo tedy rozhodnuto, \u017ee budou regulov\u00e1ny \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e9 zji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed polohu pomoc\u00ed GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo aplikac\u00ed na smartphonu, a samotn\u00e1 \u010dinnost p\u0159ipevn\u011bn\u00ed GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed atd. se stala p\u0159edm\u011btem regulace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le byl roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en rozsah m\u00edst, kde je regulov\u00e1no sledov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pachatelem, jako je &#8220;hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti m\u00edsta, kde se ob\u011b\u0165 nach\u00e1z\u00ed&#8221;, nejen na bydli\u0161t\u011b, pracovi\u0161t\u011b, \u0161kolu a dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsta, kde se ob\u011b\u0165 obvykle nach\u00e1z\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 na obchody a dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsta, kam ob\u011b\u0165 zav\u00edt\u00e1, tedy &#8220;v bl\u00edzkosti m\u00edsta, kde se ob\u011b\u0165 nach\u00e1z\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V budoucnu bude mo\u017en\u00e9 regulovat tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy je &#8220;GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tajn\u011b p\u0159ipevn\u011bno na automobil a z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1ny jsou jeho polohov\u00e9 \u00fadaje&#8221;. Nejen to, ale tak\u00e9 obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo sledov\u00e1n\u00ed &#8220;v bl\u00edzkosti m\u00edsta, kde se ob\u011b\u0165 nach\u00e1z\u00ed&#8221;, na z\u00e1klad\u011b informac\u00ed o c\u00edli dne zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch ob\u011bti nebo informac\u00ed o ud\u00e1lostech zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch na internetu, se stane p\u0159edm\u011btem regulace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku jsme se zab\u00fdvali &#8220;roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm regulovan\u00fdch aktivit&#8221; v r\u00e1mci t\u00e9to novely, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b &#8220;neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdm z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm polohy pomoc\u00ed GPS za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed&#8221; a &#8220;hl\u00eddkov\u00e1n\u00edm v bl\u00edzkosti m\u00edsta, kde se druh\u00e1 strana aktu\u00e1ln\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed dv\u011b body, &#8220;opakovan\u00e9 zas\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed dokument\u016f navzdory odm\u00edtnut\u00ed&#8221; a &#8220;vytvo\u0159en\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se zp\u016fsobu z\u00e1kazov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f atd.&#8221;, budou vysv\u011btleny n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/stalker-regulatory-law-amendment-letter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/stalker-regulatory-law-amendment-letter[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uvod_do_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>\u00davod do opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e <br><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolis je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed s vysokou odbornost\u00ed v oblasti IT, zejm\u00e9na internetu a pr\u00e1va. Pokud se stane obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed stalkera v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, existuje riziko, \u017ee se osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje a neopodstatn\u011bn\u00e9 pomluvy \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na internetu. Takov\u00e9 \u0161kody se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed velk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem jako &#8220;digit\u00e1ln\u00ed tetov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 poskytuje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro opat\u0159en\u00ed proti &#8220;digit\u00e1ln\u00edmu tetov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;. Podrobnosti jsou uvedeny v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/digitaltattoo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/digitaltattoo[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Z\u00e1kon o regulaci stalkingu je z\u00e1konem, kter\u00fd reguluje stalkery, kte\u0159\u00ed opakovan\u011b &#8220;pron\u00e1sleduj\u00ed&#8221; sv\u00e9 ob\u011bti. Jeho ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1zev je &#8220;Z\u00e1kon o regulaci stalkingu a podobn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f&#8221;  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":63934,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61574"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61574"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61574\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63935,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61574\/revisions\/63935"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63934"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61574"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61574"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}