{"id":62783,"date":"2024-03-22T15:48:25","date_gmt":"2024-03-22T06:48:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=62783"},"modified":"2024-03-31T14:44:32","modified_gmt":"2024-03-31T05:44:32","slug":"international-contract","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1r\u016fst p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edch obchod\u016f: Rozd\u00edly mezi pr\u00e1vem pou\u017eiteln\u00fdm pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy a vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edmi smlouvami a co je pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed transakce nezbytn\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>S postupuj\u00edc\u00ed globalizac\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed se zvy\u0161uje po\u010det japonsk\u00fdch firem, kter\u00e9 uva\u017euj\u00ed o expanzi do zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b mnoho lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se stali zodpov\u011bdn\u00fdmi za mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed transakce, si nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt jisti, na co si d\u00e1t pozor p\u0159i obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed se zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi spole\u010dnostmi. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mohou c\u00edtit \u00fazkost p\u0159i pohledu na anglick\u00e9 smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy se v mnoha ohledech li\u0161\u00ed od dom\u00e1c\u00edch smluv a pokud si neosvoj\u00edte jejich charakteristiky a pravidla, m\u016f\u017ee to va\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti zp\u016fsobit ne\u010dekan\u00e9 \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku vysv\u011btl\u00edme rozd\u00edly mezi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi a dom\u00e1c\u00edmi smlouvami, kter\u00e9 byste m\u011bli zn\u00e1t, a jejich specifick\u00e9 rysy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#O_mezinarodnich_smlouvach\" title=\"O mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch\">O mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#Rozdily_mezi_mezinarodnimi_a_vnitrostatnimi_smlouvami\" title=\"Rozd\u00edly mezi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi a vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edmi smlouvami\">Rozd\u00edly mezi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi a vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edmi smlouvami<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#Jazyk_smluv\" title=\"Jazyk smluv\">Jazyk smluv<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#Role_kontraktu\" title=\"Role kontrakt\u016f\">Role kontrakt\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#Pristup_k_smlouvam\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edstup k smlouv\u00e1m\">P\u0159\u00edstup k smlouv\u00e1m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#Charakteristiky_smluv\" title=\"Charakteristiky smluv\">Charakteristiky smluv<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#Aplikovatelne_pravo\" title=\"Aplikovateln\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo\">Aplikovateln\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#Jak_urcit_rozhodne_pravo_pro_mezinarodni_smlouvy\" title=\"Jak ur\u010dit rozhodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy\">Jak ur\u010dit rozhodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#Pravidla_pro_urceni_prislusneho_prava_v_mezinarodnich_smlouvach\" title=\"Pravidla pro ur\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch\">Pravidla pro ur\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#Zasady_v_oblasti_smluv\" title=\"Z\u00e1sady v oblasti smluv\">Z\u00e1sady v oblasti smluv<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#Zasady_pro_naroky_z_neopravneneho_jednani\" title=\"Z\u00e1sady pro n\u00e1roky z neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed\">Z\u00e1sady pro n\u00e1roky z neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#V_pripade_ze_v_smlouve_neni_dohoda_o_prislusnem_pravu\" title=\"V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee v smlouv\u011b nen\u00ed dohoda o p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu\">V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee v smlouv\u011b nen\u00ed dohoda o p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#Vyjimky_v_pripade_dohody_o_rozhodnem_pravu_v_smlouvach\" title=\"V\u00fdjimky v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dohody o rozhodn\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu v smlouv\u00e1ch\">V\u00fdjimky v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dohody o rozhodn\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu v smlouv\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#Pozorovani_pri_uzavirani_mezinarodnich_smluv\" title=\"Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv\">Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#Nepodepisujte_smlouvu_bez_jejiho_dukladneho_prezkoumani\" title=\"Nepodepisujte smlouvu bez jej\u00edho d\u016fkladn\u00e9ho p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed\">Nepodepisujte smlouvu bez jej\u00edho d\u016fkladn\u00e9ho p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#Vyjednavejte_o_obsahu_smlouvy_ve_svuj_prospech\" title=\"Vyjedn\u00e1vejte o obsahu smlouvy ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch\">Vyjedn\u00e1vejte o obsahu smlouvy ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#Poradit_se_s_pravnikem\" title=\"Poradit se s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem\">Poradit se s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#Shrnuti_Dulezite_je_rozumet_rozdilum_mezi_domacimi_a_mezinarodnimi_smlouvami_a_jednat_podle_toho\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed: D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je rozum\u011bt rozd\u00edl\u016fm mezi dom\u00e1c\u00edmi a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi smlouvami a jednat podle toho\">Shrnut\u00ed: D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je rozum\u011bt rozd\u00edl\u016fm mezi dom\u00e1c\u00edmi a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi smlouvami a jednat podle toho<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/international-contract\/#Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_mezinarodnich_smlouvach\"><\/span>O mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed se zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi spole\u010dnostmi je nutn\u00e9 uzav\u0159\u00edt mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smlouvy uzav\u00edran\u00e9 v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm obchod\u011b \u010dasto zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Kupn\u00ed smlouvy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Licen\u010dn\u00ed smlouvy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Smlouvy o zastoupen\u00ed v prodeji<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tyto smlouvy maj\u00ed mnoho spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s typick\u00fdmi vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edmi smlouvami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak kdy\u017e je druhou stranou zahrani\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnost, nelze se spol\u00e9hat pouze na smlouvy podle japonsk\u00fdch pravidel, ale je t\u0159eba uzav\u0159\u00edt mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro spole\u010dnosti expanduj\u00edc\u00ed do zahrani\u010d\u00ed jsou mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy nevyhnutelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozdily_mezi_mezinarodnimi_a_vnitrostatnimi_smlouvami\"><\/span>Rozd\u00edly mezi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi a vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edmi smlouvami<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Shutterstock_1287395230.jpg\" alt=\"Rozd\u00edly mezi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi a vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edmi smlouvami\" class=\"wp-image-63149\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi a vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edmi smlouvami existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly v jejich povaze, \u00faloze a struktu\u0159e. D\u016fvodem je, \u017ee vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed kulturou a pravidly. Pro plynul\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed transakce je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 porozum\u011bt rozd\u00edl\u016fm mezi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi a vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edmi smlouvami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O rozd\u00edlech mezi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi a vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edmi smlouvami se dozv\u00edte v\u00edce v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm textu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jazyk_smluv\"><\/span>Jazyk smluv<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>U dom\u00e1c\u00edch smluv se smlouvy obvykle sepisuj\u00ed v japon\u0161tin\u011b, ale u mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 angli\u010dtina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak jazyk, ve kter\u00e9m se smlouva sep\u00ed\u0161e, lze v z\u00e1sad\u011b ur\u010dit svobodn\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b dohody mezi stranami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt smlouva sepisov\u00e1na v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch jazyc\u00edch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ekladu do m\u00edstn\u00edho jazyka pro komunikaci s \u00fa\u0159ady zem\u011b, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed dce\u0159in\u00e1 spole\u010dnost<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sepisov\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy v japon\u0161tin\u011b a jazyce druh\u00e9 strany<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sepisov\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy mezi japonskou spole\u010dnost\u00ed a jej\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed dce\u0159inou spole\u010dnost\u00ed v japon\u0161tin\u011b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve skute\u010dnosti se v\u0161ak p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 angli\u010dtina a je nezbytn\u00e9, aby se smlouvy v anglick\u00e9m jazyce zpracov\u00e1valy a sepisovaly p\u0159esn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_kontraktu\"><\/span>Role kontrakt\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch jsou kontrakty vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako prost\u0159edek \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rizik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V dom\u00e1c\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch dokument kontraktu zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 dohodnut\u00e9 podm\u00ednky mezi stranami a m\u00e1 symbolick\u00fd v\u00fdznam uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch kontrakt p\u0159edstavuje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed dokument t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pr\u00e1v a povinnost\u00ed stran. St\u00e1v\u00e1 se siln\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u0161ech rizik, v\u010detn\u011b spor\u016f mezi stranami a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pristup_k_smlouvam\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edstup k smlouv\u00e1m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi a dom\u00e1c\u00edmi smlouvami existuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozd\u00edl v z\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupu p\u0159i jejich tvorb\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch se \u010dasto vych\u00e1z\u00ed z pesimistick\u00e9 teorie ned\u016fv\u011bry, a proto jsou smlouvy tvo\u0159eny s tendenc\u00ed pokr\u00fdt v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 situace. Neexistuje zde o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee by se probl\u00e9my mohly odkl\u00e1dat v nad\u011bji na up\u0159\u00edmnou dohodu mezi stranami. Smluvn\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed jsou detailn\u011b formulov\u00e1na tak, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159\u00eddit rizika v r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch situac\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, dom\u00e1c\u00ed smlouvy jsou \u010dasto tvo\u0159eny na z\u00e1klad\u011b optimistick\u00e9 teorie d\u016fv\u011bry, proto\u017ee druh\u00e1 strana je obvykle Japonsk\u00e1 osoba nebo Japonsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost. M\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 aspekty nejsou specificky uvedeny, proto\u017ee se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9. Tak\u00e9 se \u010dasto o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dohody budou prob\u00edhat up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b, co\u017e vede k tendenci odkl\u00e1dat \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f na pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i tvorb\u011b smlouvy pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edstup k smlouv\u00e1m se z\u00e1sadn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od p\u0159\u00edstupu k dom\u00e1c\u00edm smlouv\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Charakteristiky_smluv\"><\/span>Charakteristiky smluv<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch rozd\u00edl\u016f v rol\u00edch a p\u0159\u00edstupech vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed i zna\u010dn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly v charakteristik\u00e1ch smluv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv jsou smluvn\u00ed dokumenty \u010dasto velmi podrobn\u00e9, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0159\u00eddit rizika t\u00edm, \u017ee se p\u0159edem p\u0159edv\u00eddaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 situace. To vede k tomu, \u017ee po\u010det str\u00e1nek je ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s dom\u00e1c\u00edmi smlouvami obvykle mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, v dom\u00e1c\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t, \u017ee se detaily neuv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed s o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dohody, nebo se smlouvy uzav\u00edraj\u00ed s velmi jednoduch\u00fdm obsahem jako symbol spolupr\u00e1ce. V d\u016fsledku toho maj\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed smlouvy tendenci b\u00fdt krat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto rozd\u00edly mezi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi a dom\u00e1c\u00edmi smlouvami ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed i rozsah a obsah smluvn\u00edch dokument\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aplikovatelne_pravo\"><\/span>Aplikovateln\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Smlouvy mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv jsou obvykle zalo\u017eeny na pr\u00e1vu zem\u00ed syst\u00e9mu &#8220;common law&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b jsou smlouvy v Japonsku zalo\u017eeny na japonsk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu, kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed do syst\u00e9mu &#8220;civil law&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto ohledu je t\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed a vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed smlouvy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako aplikovateln\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo r\u016fzn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aplikovateln\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo ur\u010duje, podle kter\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va bude smlouva interpretov\u00e1na v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sporu. I p\u0159es rozd\u00edly v pravidlech a charakteristik\u00e1ch aplikovateln\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s pocitem dom\u00e1c\u00ed smlouvy bez n\u00e1le\u017eit\u00e9 opatrnosti k neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 toto pochopit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jak_urcit_rozhodne_pravo_pro_mezinarodni_smlouvy\"><\/span>Jak ur\u010dit rozhodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Shutterstock_2074246123.jpg\" alt=\"Jak ur\u010dit rozhodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy\" class=\"wp-image-63152\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozhodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy m\u016f\u017eete ur\u010dit svobodn\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b dohody mezi stranami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010dit jako rozhodn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo z\u00e1kony zcela nesouvisej\u00edc\u00edho st\u00e1tu, m\u016f\u017ee to v\u00e9st k n\u00e1r\u016fstu n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti na pochopen\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f a procedur, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st ne\u010dekan\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody. Obvykle se vol\u00ed pr\u00e1vo st\u00e1tu, ve kter\u00e9m jedna ze stran s\u00eddl\u00ed, nebo pr\u00e1vo t\u0159et\u00ed zem\u011b souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s p\u0159edm\u011btem smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad i kdy\u017e jde o smlouvu mezi dv\u011bma japonsk\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi, pokud se zbo\u017e\u00ed nakupuje z Tchaj-wanu a je p\u0159ed\u00e1no na \u00fazem\u00ed Tchaj-wanu, transakce je ukon\u010dena v r\u00e1mci Tchaj-wanu. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by bylo p\u0159irozen\u00e9 ur\u010dit tchajwansk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo jako rozhodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho je t\u0159eba p\u0159i ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed rozhodn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va zv\u00e1\u017eit i dohodu o p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dohoda o p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti ur\u010duje, v jak\u00e9 zemi se bude soudit v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vzniku sporu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se zem\u011b ur\u010den\u00e1 v dohod\u011b o rozhodn\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu a v dohod\u011b o p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti li\u0161\u00ed, soud bude muset postupovat podle z\u00e1kona ciz\u00ed zem\u011b, co\u017e nen\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9. V praxi m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt stran\u00e1m ulo\u017eeno, aby p\u0159edlo\u017eily v\u00fdzkum a argumenty t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahu ciz\u00edho pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u011bli byste zv\u00e1\u017eit mo\u017enost, \u017ee pokud se zem\u011b ur\u010den\u00e1 v dohod\u011b o rozhodn\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu a v dohod\u011b o p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti li\u0161\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee to zv\u00fd\u0161it z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e pro strany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto je ur\u010den\u00ed rozhodn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy procesem, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch faktor\u016f. Aby byla transakce plynul\u00e1, je t\u0159eba pe\u010dliv\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit volbu rozhodn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravidla_pro_urceni_prislusneho_prava_v_mezinarodnich_smlouvach\"><\/span>Pravidla pro ur\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ur\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy je z\u00e1kladn\u011b v\u00fdsledkem jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi ob\u011bma stranami. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, dohoda nen\u00ed zcela voln\u00e1 a existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e1 pravidla, kter\u00e1 je t\u0159eba dodr\u017eet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u00edvejme se podrobn\u011bji na pravidla pro ur\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zasady_v_oblasti_smluv\"><\/span>Z\u00e1sady v oblasti smluv<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>U mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv je jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pravidlo nejv\u00edce zohled\u0148ov\u00e1no pr\u00e1vo m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00e9ho ve smlouv\u011b o volb\u011b pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o princip autonomie stran, kter\u00fd je stanoven v \u010dl\u00e1nku 7 z\u00e1kona o obecn\u00fdch pravidlech pro aplikaci z\u00e1kon\u016f (Japanese General Act on the Application of Laws).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>(Volba pr\u00e1va stranami)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek 7: Vznik a \u00fa\u010dinnost pr\u00e1vn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed pr\u00e1vem m\u00edsta, kter\u00e9 strany zvolily v dob\u011b dan\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<cite><a href=\"https:\/\/elaws.e-gov.go.jp\/document?lawid=418AC0000000078\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Z\u00e1kon o obecn\u00fdch pravidlech pro aplikaci z\u00e1kon\u016f\uff5ce-Gov pr\u00e1vn\u00ed vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed[ja]<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vede v Japonsku, aplikuje se tento obecn\u00fd z\u00e1kon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm pravidlem je, \u017ee strany mohou volbu pr\u00e1va ur\u010dit svobodn\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 dohody a tato dohoda bude n\u00e1sledn\u011b respektov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zasady_pro_naroky_z_neopravneneho_jednani\"><\/span>Z\u00e1sady pro n\u00e1roky z neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1roku zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na deliktu se principy \u010dl\u00e1nku 7 Obecn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona (Japanese General Act) neuplat\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deliktem se rozum\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u00famysln\u011b nebo z nedbalosti (z v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 nepozornosti) poru\u0161uje pr\u00e1va jin\u00e9 osoby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e je probl\u00e9mem nespln\u011bn\u00ed smluvn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f (nespln\u011bn\u00ed obsahu smlouvy), je p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo ur\u010deno na z\u00e1klad\u011b principu autonomie stran a dohody o p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o stejn\u00fd faktick\u00fd stav, pokud je pod\u00e1n n\u00e1rok z deliktu, neuplat\u0148uje se \u010dl\u00e1nek 7 Obecn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, ale pravidla stanoven\u00e1 v \u010dl\u00e1nku 17 a n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010dl\u00e1nek 17 Obecn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona stanov\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>(Neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek 17: Vznik a \u00fa\u010dinky pohled\u00e1vky zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed pr\u00e1vem m\u00edsta, kde do\u0161lo k n\u00e1sledk\u016fm \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. &#8230;<\/p>\n<cite><a href=\"https:\/\/elaws.e-gov.go.jp\/document?lawid=418AC0000000078\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Obecn\u00fd z\u00e1kon o aplikaci z\u00e1kon\u016f\uff5ce-Gov pr\u00e1vn\u00ed vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed[ja]<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Jako konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad si p\u0159edstavme, \u017ee lo\u010f nalo\u017een\u00e1 zbo\u017e\u00edm, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159epravov\u00e1no na z\u00e1klad\u011b smlouvy s americkou spole\u010dnost\u00ed, zp\u016fsob\u00ed v americk\u00fdch teritori\u00e1ln\u00edch vod\u00e1ch nehodu z nedbalosti. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, i kdy\u017e byla dohodnuta japonsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava jako p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo pro smlouvu, p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo pro n\u00e1roky na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody z nehody bude americk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1rok\u016f z neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo ur\u010deno dohodou stran, ale podle ustanoven\u00ed Obecn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"V_pripade_ze_v_smlouve_neni_dohoda_o_prislusnem_pravu\"><\/span>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee v smlouv\u011b nen\u00ed dohoda o p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud v smlouv\u011b nen\u00ed dohoda o p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu, obecn\u00fd z\u00e1kon stanov\u00ed postup, jak se s touto situac\u00ed vypo\u0159\u00e1dat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve se zkoum\u00e1, zda mezi stranami existuje n\u011bjak\u00e1 nevysloven\u00e1 dohoda. To je zalo\u017eeno na tom, \u017ee \u010dl\u00e1nek 7 obecn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o dohod\u00e1ch zahrnuje nejen explicitn\u00ed, ale i implicitn\u00ed dohody, jako jsou nevysloven\u00e9 souhlasy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud ani implicitn\u00ed dohoda nen\u00ed zjistiteln\u00e1, pak se jako p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo pou\u017eije pr\u00e1vo m\u00edsta, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 smlouv\u011b nejbl\u00ed\u017ee (nejt\u011bsn\u011bji souvisej\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edsto) podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 8 obecn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejt\u011bsn\u011bji souvisej\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edsto se ur\u010duje s ohledem na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed okolnosti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00edsto, kde bylo poskytnuto charakteristick\u00e9 pln\u011bn\u00ed smlouvy (\u010dl\u00e1nek 8 odstavec 1 obecn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00edsto, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed hlavn\u00ed provozovna strany, kter\u00e1 poskytla charakteristick\u00e9 pln\u011bn\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 8 odstavec 2 obecn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00edsto, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed nemovitost, kter\u00e1 je p\u0159edm\u011btem smlouvy (\u010dl\u00e1nek 8 odstavec 3 obecn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak implicitn\u00ed dohoda nebo nejt\u011bsn\u011bji souvisej\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edsto se ur\u010duje s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k r\u016fzn\u00fdm okolnostem. M\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t, \u017ee bude aplikov\u00e1no pr\u00e1vo m\u00edsta, kter\u00e9 nebylo o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo p\u0159edem v\u00fdslovn\u011b uveden\u00e9 ve smlouv\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyjimky_v_pripade_dohody_o_rozhodnem_pravu_v_smlouvach\"><\/span>V\u00fdjimky v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dohody o rozhodn\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu v smlouv\u00e1ch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Obecn\u00fd z\u00e1kon stanov\u00ed, \u017ee i kdy\u017e existuje dohoda o rozhodn\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu, existuj\u00ed v\u00fdjimky pro spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 smlouvy a pracovn\u00ed smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u016fvodem je ochrana slab\u0161\u00edch stran, jako jsou spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 a zam\u011bstnanci, v\u016f\u010di podnik\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>U spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch a pracovn\u00edch smluv m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt, i kdy\u017e mezi stranami existuje dohoda o rozhodn\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu, uplatn\u011bno pr\u00e1vo jin\u00e9 zem\u011b, pokud obsahuje imperativn\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Imperativn\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed jsou pravidla, kter\u00e1 se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed bez ohledu na obsah dohody mezi stranami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 nebo zam\u011bstnanci vyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt imperativn\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed sv\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, tato ustanoven\u00ed se na n\u011b budou vztahovat (\u010dl\u00e1nky 11 a 12 Obecn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si ov\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee i kdy\u017e existuje dohoda o rozhodn\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu v smlouv\u011b, mohou nastat v\u00fdjimky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pozorovani_pri_uzavirani_mezinarodnich_smluv\"><\/span>Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Shutterstock_1838540572.jpg\" alt=\"Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv\" class=\"wp-image-63150\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv je n\u011bkolik bod\u016f, na kter\u00e9 by m\u011bly firmy d\u00e1vat pozor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy se v mnoha ohledech li\u0161\u00ed od dom\u00e1c\u00edch smluv a podeps\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy s pocitem, \u017ee je to stejn\u00e9 jako dom\u00e1c\u00ed smlouva, m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k ne\u010dekan\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btl\u00edme body, na kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba d\u00e1vat pozor p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nepodepisujte_smlouvu_bez_jejiho_dukladneho_prezkoumani\"><\/span>Nepodepisujte smlouvu bez jej\u00edho d\u016fkladn\u00e9ho p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>U ka\u017ed\u00e9 smlouvy je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si smluvn\u00ed dokumenty pe\u010dliv\u011b prohl\u00e9dnout, ale zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 je podepisovat anglick\u00e9 smlouvy bez jejich d\u016fkladn\u00e9ho p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anglick\u00e9 smlouvy jsou zalo\u017eeny na pr\u00e1vn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu angloamerick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, kter\u00fd se li\u0161\u00ed od japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, a mohou obsahovat pojmy a polo\u017eky, kter\u00e9 se v japonsk\u00fdch smlouv\u00e1ch obvykle nevyskytuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jako p\u0159\u00edklady lze uv\u00e9st n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed polo\u017eky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Defini\u010dn\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Historie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vzd\u00e1n\u00ed se pr\u00e1v<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Odpov\u011bdnost<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00dapln\u00e1 dohoda<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Takov\u00e9 polo\u017eky se v japonsk\u00fdch smlouv\u00e1ch obvykle neuv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anglick\u00e9 smlouvy se li\u0161\u00ed od japonsk\u00fdch nejen t\u00edm, \u017ee jsou ps\u00e1ny v angli\u010dtin\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee obsahuj\u00ed mnoho odli\u0161n\u00fdch prvk\u016f. P\u0159i podepisov\u00e1n\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si je pe\u010dliv\u011b prohl\u00e9dnout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyjednavejte_o_obsahu_smlouvy_ve_svuj_prospech\"><\/span>Vyjedn\u00e1vejte o obsahu smlouvy ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee se obsah smlouvy upravuje, ma\u017ee nebo dopl\u0148uje na z\u00e1klad\u011b vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed s druhou stranou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To je proto, \u017ee smlouvy vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 druhou stranou obvykle obsahuj\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed ve prosp\u011bch t\u00e9to strany. Proto je velmi nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee byste podepsali smlouvu vytvo\u0159enou druhou stranou bez jak\u00fdchkoli \u00faprav.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u011b strany p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee smlouva bude vytvo\u0159ena na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u016fvodn\u00edho n\u00e1vrhu s t\u00edm, \u017ee ob\u011b strany budou prezentovat sv\u00e9 argumenty a d\u011blat kompromisy. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nevede k negativn\u00edmu dojmu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aktivn\u011b vyjedn\u00e1vejte, abyste dos\u00e1hli smluvn\u00edho obsahu, kter\u00fd bude ve v\u00e1\u0161 prosp\u011bch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Poradit_se_s_pravnikem\"><\/span>Poradit se s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 poradit se s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem p\u0159ed uzav\u0159en\u00edm smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv, pokud po uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy dojde k probl\u00e9m\u016fm, m\u016f\u017eete se spol\u00e9hat pouze na ustanoven\u00ed obsa\u017een\u00e1 ve smlouv\u011b. V mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch, kde smlouva je v\u0161e, je konzultace s odborn\u00edkem p\u0159ed uzav\u0159en\u00edm smlouvy velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou strategi\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rizik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V japonsk\u00fdch smlouv\u00e1ch se \u010dasto vyskytuje ustanoven\u00ed, \u017ee &#8220;v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee nejsou stanoveny n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti, budou \u0159e\u0161eny na z\u00e1klad\u011b up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;. To umo\u017e\u0148uje hledat \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f po konzultaci s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem, pokud dojde k probl\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv, pokud jste ji\u017e uzav\u0159eli nev\u00fdhodnou smlouvu, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt po vzniku probl\u00e9mu obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 naj\u00edt \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ve v\u00e1\u0161 prosp\u011bch, i kdy\u017e se porad\u00edte s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem. Nemus\u00edte se dokonce dostat ani na jednac\u00ed st\u016fl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Doporu\u010dujeme konzultovat s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem p\u0159ed uzav\u0159en\u00edm smlouvy, nikoli a\u017e po vzniku probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti_Dulezite_je_rozumet_rozdilum_mezi_domacimi_a_mezinarodnimi_smlouvami_a_jednat_podle_toho\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed: D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je rozum\u011bt rozd\u00edl\u016fm mezi dom\u00e1c\u00edmi a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi smlouvami a jednat podle toho<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed se zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi spole\u010dnostmi se nevyhnete nutnosti uzav\u00edrat mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy, kter\u00e9 se v mnoha ohledech li\u0161\u00ed od smluv dom\u00e1c\u00edch. Pokud je podep\u00ed\u0161ete se stejn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem jako dom\u00e1c\u00ed smlouvy, m\u016f\u017eete ne\u010dekan\u011b utrp\u011bt zna\u010dn\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dob\u0159e porozum\u011bt charakteru a pravidl\u016fm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv a rozd\u00edl\u016fm oproti dom\u00e1c\u00edm smlouv\u00e1m, abyste se vyhnuli uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy, kter\u00e1 by byla pro va\u0161i spole\u010dnost nev\u00fdhodn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prvn\u00edm krokem p\u0159i zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed proti rizik\u016fm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv je kontrola a vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed smluvn\u00edch podm\u00ednek p\u0159ed podpisem smlouvy. Doporu\u010dujeme konzultaci s advok\u00e1tem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 zku\u0161enosti a dobr\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v t\u00e9to oblasti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith m\u00e1 bohat\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti v oblasti IT, zejm\u00e9na internetu a pr\u00e1va. V posledn\u00edch letech se glob\u00e1ln\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed neust\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159uje a pot\u0159eba pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kontroly odborn\u00edky st\u00e1le roste. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 poskytuje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v oblasti mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oblasti p\u016fsobnosti advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e Monolith: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/global-jpn2fgn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby a zahrani\u010dn\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S postupuj\u00edc\u00ed globalizac\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed se zvy\u0161uje po\u010det japonsk\u00fdch firem, kter\u00e9 uva\u017euj\u00ed o expanzi do zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b mnoho lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se stali zodpov\u011bdn\u00fdmi za mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed transakce, si nemus [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":64375,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,27],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62783"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62783"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62783\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64376,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62783\/revisions\/64376"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64375"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62783"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62783"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62783"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}