{"id":62791,"date":"2024-03-22T15:48:25","date_gmt":"2024-03-22T06:48:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=62791"},"modified":"2024-03-31T10:00:18","modified_gmt":"2024-03-31T01:00:18","slug":"twitter-defamation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-defamation","title":{"rendered":"Sta\u010d\u00ed retweet k pomluv\u011b? Pozor na t\u0159i situace, kdy m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti na X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>X (d\u0159\u00edve zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Twitter) je velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165, kterou mnoho u\u017eivatel\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 anonymn\u011b, ale pokud ji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te nespr\u00e1vn\u011b, m\u016f\u017eete se dopustit pomluvy. Jak\u00e9 situace tedy mohou v\u00e9st k pomluv\u011b?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde vysv\u011btl\u00edme mo\u017enost vzniku pomluvy ve t\u0159ech r\u016fzn\u00fdch situac\u00edch na X (d\u0159\u00edve zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Twitter): p\u0159i \u201ep\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch\u201c, \u201eretweetech\u201c a \u201eDM (Direct Messages)\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-defamation\/#Co_je_pomluva\" title=\"Co je pomluva\">Co je pomluva<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-defamation\/#X_byvaly_Twitter_a_pomluvy_v_%E2%80%9Eprispevcich%E2%80%9C\" title=\"X (b\u00fdval\u00fd Twitter) a pomluvy v \u201ep\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch\u201c\">X (b\u00fdval\u00fd Twitter) a pomluvy v \u201ep\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch\u201c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-defamation\/#X_drive_Twitter_a_%E2%80%9Eretweet%E2%80%9C_ve_vztahu_k_poskozeni_cti\" title=\"X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter) a \u201eretweet\u201c ve vztahu k po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti\">X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter) a \u201eretweet\u201c ve vztahu k po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-defamation\/#Jednoduche_retweetovani_a_poskozeni_cti\" title=\"Jednoduch\u00e9 retweetov\u00e1n\u00ed a po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti\">Jednoduch\u00e9 retweetov\u00e1n\u00ed a po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-defamation\/#Obe_strany_prezentuji_sve_argumenty_ohledne_jednoducheho_retweetu\" title=\"Ob\u011b strany prezentuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 argumenty ohledn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9ho retweetu\">Ob\u011b strany prezentuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 argumenty ohledn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9ho retweetu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-defamation\/#Rozhodnuti_soudu_Jednoduchy_retweet_je_vyjadreni_souhlasu\" title=\"Rozhodnut\u00ed soudu: Jednoduch\u00fd retweet je vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed souhlasu\">Rozhodnut\u00ed soudu: Jednoduch\u00fd retweet je vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed souhlasu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-defamation\/#DM_Direct_Messages_nespadaji_pod_verejne_sdeleni\" title=\"DM (Direct Messages) nespadaj\u00ed pod ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 sd\u011blen\u00ed\">DM (Direct Messages) nespadaj\u00ed pod ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 sd\u011blen\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-defamation\/#Shrnuti_V_pripade_pomluv_na_socialnich_sitich_se_poradte_s_pravnikem\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed: V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pomluv na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch se pora\u010fte s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem\">Shrnut\u00ed: V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pomluv na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch se pora\u010fte s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/twitter-defamation\/#Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_pomluva\"><\/span>Co je pomluva<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Shutterstock_1816351103.jpg\" alt=\"Co je pomluva\" class=\"wp-image-59652\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V trestn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u011b je pomluva definov\u00e1na n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u00a7 230 odst. 1 Trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo ve\u0159ejn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u00ed fakta a t\u00edm po\u0161kozuje ciz\u00ed \u010dest, bude potrest\u00e1n odn\u011bt\u00edm svobody a\u017e na t\u0159i roky nebo z\u00e1kazem \u010dinnosti, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b pokutou a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161e 500 000 jen\u016f, a to bez ohledu na to, zda uveden\u00e1 fakta existuj\u00ed \u010di nikoliv.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pomluva nast\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo &#8220;ve\u0159ejn\u011b&#8221;, &#8220;uv\u00e1d\u00ed fakta&#8221; a &#8220;po\u0161kozuje ciz\u00ed \u010dest&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Ve\u0159ejn\u011b&#8221; znamen\u00e1 &#8220;v\u016f\u010di neur\u010dit\u00e9mu po\u010dtu osob&#8221;, co\u017e zahrnuje &#8220;neur\u010dit\u00e9 nebo mnoho&#8221; osob. Sta\u010d\u00ed, kdy\u017e je spln\u011bna jedna z t\u011bchto podm\u00ednek. Projevy na internetu jsou obecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za &#8220;ve\u0159ejn\u00e9&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V pr\u00e1vn\u00ed terminologii se slova &#8220;fakta&#8221; a &#8220;pravda&#8221; pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed s jasn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00fdmi v\u00fdznamy. Aby byla pomluva uzn\u00e1na, mus\u00ed obsah projevu obsahovat &#8220;fakta&#8221;, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 &#8220;konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti&#8221;, kter\u00e9 lze ov\u011b\u0159it d\u016fkazy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;\u010cest&#8221; znamen\u00e1 objektivn\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jedinec obdr\u017e\u00ed od spole\u010dnosti ohledn\u011b jeho charakteru, ctnost\u00ed, pov\u011bsti, d\u016fv\u011bry a dal\u0161\u00edch osobn\u00edch hodnot. Akt, kter\u00fd sni\u017euje toto spole\u010densk\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed, se pova\u017euje za pomluvu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/defamation-and-decline-in-social-reputation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Co je pot\u0159eba k zalo\u017een\u00ed pomluvy z hlediska sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed? Vysv\u011btluje advok\u00e1t[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"X_byvaly_Twitter_a_pomluvy_v_%E2%80%9Eprispevcich%E2%80%9C\"><\/span>X (b\u00fdval\u00fd Twitter) a pomluvy v \u201ep\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch\u201c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pomluv na X (b\u00fdval\u00e9m Twitteru) se pod\u00edvejme nap\u0159\u00edklad na situaci, kdy \u017ealobce, kter\u00fd je v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm \u0159editelem spole\u010dnosti a, \u017e\u00e1dal o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody proti ob\u017ealovan\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd byl v minulosti zam\u011bstn\u00e1n jako \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd pracovn\u00edk ve spole\u010dnosti a, kv\u016fli \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016fm zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdm na X (b\u00fdval\u00e9m Twitteru) a na blogu Ameba, kter\u00e9 podle n\u011bj poru\u0161ily jeho pr\u00e1vo na ochranu cti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd ve sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch uvedl, \u017ee spole\u010dnost a, jej\u00ed\u017e v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm \u0159editelem je \u017ealobce, obchoduje s firmami spojen\u00fdmi s organizovan\u00fdm zlo\u010dinem a \u017ee \u017ealobce a jeho dcera jsou \u00fazce spojeni s organizovan\u00fdm zlo\u010dinem, \u017ee \u017ealobce pou\u017eil aktiva spole\u010dnosti k n\u00e1kupu rol\u00ed pro svou dceru, kter\u00e1 je here\u010dkou, a \u017ee \u017ealobce je zapleten do obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s lidmi, pran\u00ed \u0161pinav\u00fdch pen\u011bz a vra\u017ed nebo do \u010dinnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou s t\u011bmito zlo\u010diny srovnateln\u00e9. Soud uznal, \u017ee tyto \u010dl\u00e1nky sni\u017euj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed \u017ealobce, proto\u017ee vedou pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e k dojmu, \u017ee v\u0161echny uveden\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti jsou pravdiv\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud d\u00e1le rozhodl, \u017ee neexistuj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy prokazuj\u00edc\u00ed pravdivost t\u011bchto tvrzen\u00ed. Jako d\u016fvod uvedl, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina d\u016fkaz\u016f p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fdch ob\u017ealovan\u00fdm poch\u00e1z\u00ed z jin\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f na internetu nebo z \u010dasopis\u016f, a po jejich d\u016fkladn\u00e9m prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161inou jde o senzacechtiv\u00e9 drby t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se showbyznysu a podobn\u011b. Nav\u00edc n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky m\u011bly nejasn\u00fd p\u016fvod nebo nebylo jasn\u00e9, jak\u00fd maj\u00ed vztah k \u017ealobci, a proto nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 uznat uveden\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti za pravdiv\u00e9. Soud tak\u00e9 konstatoval, \u017ee ob\u017ealovan\u00fd nem\u011bl dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 d\u016fkazy nebo materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 by opr\u00e1vnily v\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee uveden\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti jsou pravdiv\u00e9, a proto uznal pomluvu a na\u0159\u00eddil ob\u017ealovan\u00e9mu zaplatit od\u0161kodn\u00e9 ve v\u00fd\u0161i 1 milion jen\u016f a n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 100 tis\u00edc jen\u016f, celkem tedy 1,1 milionu jen\u016f. (Rozsudek Tokijsk\u00e9ho okresn\u00edho soudu ze dne 12. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento p\u0159\u00edpad m\u016f\u017eeme pova\u017eovat za typick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad pomluvy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f na X (b\u00fdval\u00e9m Twitteru).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"X_drive_Twitter_a_%E2%80%9Eretweet%E2%80%9C_ve_vztahu_k_poskozeni_cti\"><\/span>X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter) a \u201eretweet\u201c ve vztahu k po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Shutterstock_347956844.jpg\" alt=\"Retweet na Twitteru a po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti\" class=\"wp-image-59653\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Na platform\u011b X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter) mohou u\u017eivatel\u00e9 nejen zve\u0159ej\u0148ovat vlastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky, ale tak\u00e9 mohou citovat p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky jin\u00fdch osob (p\u016fvodn\u00ed tweety) formou jejich zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed (retweet\u016f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reference: <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/cs\/tos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Podm\u00ednky slu\u017eby X<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i retweetov\u00e1n\u00ed existuj\u00ed dv\u011b metody: jedna je p\u0159epos\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edho tweetu bez p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edho koment\u00e1\u0159e, co\u017e se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 jednoduch\u00fd retweet, a druh\u00e1 je p\u0159epos\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm vlastn\u00edho koment\u00e1\u0159e, co\u017e se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 citovan\u00fd retweet. Existuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy byl jednoduch\u00fd retweet na platform\u011b X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter), kter\u00fd byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti, a osoba, kter\u00e1 provedla jednoduch\u00fd retweet, byla za toto po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti pr\u00e1vn\u011b st\u00edh\u00e1na.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jednoduche_retweetovani_a_poskozeni_cti\"><\/span>Jednoduch\u00e9 retweetov\u00e1n\u00ed a po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u017ealovan\u00fdm se stal novin\u00e1\u0159 s v\u00edce ne\u017e 180 000 sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi, zat\u00edmco \u017ealobce byl kdysi starostou m\u011bsta \u00d3saka a guvern\u00e9rem prefektury. Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd na\u0161el na X (p\u016fvodn\u00edm Twitteru) \u010dl\u00e1nky o \u017ealobci s tvrzen\u00edm, \u017ee \u201ekdy\u017e se stal guvern\u00e9rem \u00d3saky ve sv\u00fdch t\u0159iceti letech, m\u011bl drzost ur\u00e1\u017eet sv\u00e9 o mnoho let star\u0161\u00ed kolegy a dokonce je dohnal k sebevra\u017ed\u011b! M\u011bl by se styd\u011bt!\u201c a tyto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky jednodu\u0161e retweetoval na X (p\u016fvodn\u00edm Twitteru).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00fdval\u00fd guvern\u00e9r a starosta, kter\u00fd je \u017ealobcem, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dojem, \u017ee \u017ealobce vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u00e9 pozice k vyv\u00edjen\u00ed intenzivn\u00edho n\u00e1tlaku v podob\u011b \u0161ikany, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k sebevra\u017ed\u011b jin\u00fdch osob, a proto se jedn\u00e1 o po\u0161kozen\u00ed cti. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho po\u017eadoval po ob\u017ealovan\u00e9m, kter\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek retweetoval na X (p\u016fvodn\u00edm Twitteru), n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Obe_strany_prezentuji_sve_argumenty_ohledne_jednoducheho_retweetu\"><\/span>Ob\u011b strany prezentuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 argumenty ohledn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9ho retweetu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Plaintiff tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee i kdy\u017e byl p\u016fvodn\u00ed tweet v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b citov\u00e1n formou retweetu, m\u011bl by b\u00fdt retweet, kter\u00fd je publikov\u00e1n na vlastn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dtu, pova\u017eov\u00e1n za projev stejn\u011b jako jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed a m\u011bl by b\u00fdt automaticky pova\u017eov\u00e1n za projev ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na to ob\u017ealovan\u00fd odpov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee funkce retweetu nezahrnuje pouze \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edch n\u00e1zor\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuje zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm u\u017eivatel\u00e9 mohou p\u0159edstavit a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it obsah t\u0159et\u00edch stran (p\u016fvodn\u00ed tweet). \u00da\u010del \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 situace, v\u010detn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed souhlasu s obsahem p\u016fvodn\u00edho tweetu nebo jeho kritick\u00e9 prezentace. Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jednoduch\u00fd retweet p\u016fvodn\u00edho tweetu byl proveden pouze s \u00famyslem poskytnout informace a proto by m\u011bl b\u00fdt p\u016fvodn\u00ed tweet pova\u017eov\u00e1n za projev jeho autora, nikoli za projev ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho. Nem\u011bl by b\u00fdt automaticky pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u010din ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozhodnuti_soudu_Jednoduchy_retweet_je_vyjadreni_souhlasu\"><\/span>Rozhodnut\u00ed soudu: Jednoduch\u00fd retweet je vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed souhlasu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Soud rozhodl, \u017ee jednoduch\u00fd retweet p\u0159edstavuje akt vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00fdm u\u017eivatel d\u00e1v\u00e1 najevo sv\u016fj souhlas s obsahem p\u016fvodn\u00edho tweetu. Jako d\u016fvod uvedl, \u017ee je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, aby u\u017eivatel citoval p\u016fvodn\u00ed tweet bez jak\u00e9hokoli koment\u00e1\u0159e, pokud by jeho \u00fa\u010delem bylo kritizovat obsah p\u016fvodn\u00edho tweetu nebo jej \u0161\u00ed\u0159it d\u00e1le s c\u00edlem vyvolat diskusi. Obvykle se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee pokud se postoj u\u017eivatele li\u0161\u00ed od postaven\u00ed autora p\u016fvodn\u00edho tweetu, p\u0159id\u00e1 k retweetu kritick\u00fd nebo neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159, aby tuto skute\u010dnost objasnil. Jednoduch\u00fd retweet je tedy t\u0159eba ch\u00e1pat jako vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed nebo n\u00e1zor samotn\u00e9ho ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd souhlas\u00ed s obsahem p\u016fvodn\u00edho tweetu, a ob\u017ealovan\u00fd by m\u011bl n\u00e9st odpov\u011bdnost za obsah tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku jako jeho autor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byla centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9ho retweetu v\u00fdraz &#8220;dovedl a\u017e k sebevra\u017ed\u011b&#8221;, kter\u00fd je mo\u017en\u00e9 posoudit na z\u00e1klad\u011b d\u016fkaz\u016f jako tvrzen\u00ed o konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch skute\u010dnostech t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se jin\u00e9 osoby. P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek tedy nazna\u010doval, \u017ee \u017ealobce, kter\u00fd byl guvern\u00e9rem prefektury \u00d3saka, mluvil drze na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky prefektury a n\u011bkoho z nich dohnal k sebevra\u017ed\u011b. Pokud by se bral v \u00favahu zp\u016fsob \u010dten\u00ed a pozornost pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e, tento fakt by vytvo\u0159il dojem, \u017ee \u017ealobce je osoba, kter\u00e1 se dopou\u0161t\u00ed power harassmentu vedouc\u00edho k sebevra\u017ed\u011b pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch. Soud rovn\u011b\u017e uvedl, \u017ee takov\u00fd fakt neexistuje. Proto\u017ee p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek sni\u017eoval spole\u010densk\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed \u017ealobce, soud uznal pomluvu a na\u0159\u00eddil ob\u017ealovan\u00e9mu zaplatit od\u0161kodn\u00e9 ve v\u00fd\u0161i 300 000 jen\u016f a n\u00e1klady na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 30 000 jen\u016f, celkem tedy 330 000 jen\u016f (rozhodnut\u00ed Okresn\u00edho soudu v \u00d3sace ze dne 12. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ob\u017ealovan\u00fd se odvolal, ale Vrchn\u00ed soud v \u00d3sace odvol\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u00edtl (rozhodnut\u00ed Vrchn\u00edho soudu v \u00d3sace ze dne 23. \u010dervna 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DM_Direct_Messages_nespadaji_pod_verejne_sdeleni\"><\/span>DM (Direct Messages) nespadaj\u00ed pod ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 sd\u011blen\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Shutterstock_2036259797.jpg\" alt=\"DM (Direct Messages) nespadaj\u00ed pod ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 sd\u011blen\u00ed\" class=\"wp-image-59651\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Na platform\u011b X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter) je mo\u017en\u00e9 pos\u00edlat tzv. DM (Direct Messages), co\u017e jsou zpr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete odeslat pouze konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm osob\u00e1m. Tyto zpr\u00e1vy jsou podobn\u00e9 e-mail\u016fm a jejich obsah nen\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd \u2013 \u010d\u00edst je m\u016f\u017ee pouze p\u0159\u00edjemce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na platform\u011b X se zobrazuje ikona dopisu, a pokud na ni u\u017eivatel klikne, m\u016f\u017ee odeslat DM p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 osob\u011b. Existuj\u00ed nastaven\u00ed, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed nep\u0159ij\u00edmat DM od lid\u00ed, kter\u00e9 u\u017eivatel nesleduje, a naopak nastaven\u00ed, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmat v\u0161echny DM. DM od sledovan\u00fdch osob v\u0161ak obvykle doraz\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud v\u00e1m n\u011bkdo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm DM opakovan\u011b p\u00ed\u0161e ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9 v\u011bci, jako \u201ejsi odporn\u00fd\u201c nebo \u201ezabij se\u201c, pokud v\u00e1s pomlouv\u00e1, sexu\u00e1ln\u011b obt\u011b\u017euje nebo vyd\u00edr\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee to v\u00e9st k pocitu \u00fazkosti a v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech dokonce k nervov\u00e9mu zhroucen\u00ed. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b uplatnit n\u00e1rok na ochranu pr\u00e1v?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bohu\u017eel, i kdy\u017e v\u00e1s n\u011bkdo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm DM na Twitteru neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b pomlouv\u00e1, nem\u016f\u017eete se dom\u00e1hat ochrany proti pomluv\u011b. Jak bylo vysv\u011btleno v\u00fd\u0161e, pomluva je trestn\u00e1, pokud dojde k \u201eve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu sd\u011blen\u00ed\u201c nepravdiv\u00fdch skute\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 po\u0161kozuj\u00ed ciz\u00ed dobr\u00e9 jm\u00e9no. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b DM v\u0161ak zpr\u00e1vu m\u016f\u017ee \u010d\u00edst pouze p\u0159\u00edjemce, a proto toto sd\u011blen\u00ed nespad\u00e1 pod \u201eve\u0159ejn\u00e9\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, mohou b\u00fdt uplatn\u011bny obvin\u011bn\u00ed z vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed, n\u00e1tlaku, v\u00fdhru\u017eky nebo poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona proti pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, a skute\u010dn\u011b existuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy byly tyto trestn\u00e9 \u010diny souzeny jako trestn\u00e9 \u010diny na z\u00e1klad\u011b DM. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, pomluvu v tomto kontextu uplatnit nelze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/reputation\/intimidation-duress\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pomluvy a v\u00fdhru\u017eky na internetu[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti_V_pripade_pomluv_na_socialnich_sitich_se_poradte_s_pravnikem\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed: V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pomluv na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch se pora\u010fte s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i publikov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f na X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter), v\u010detn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9ho retweetov\u00e1n\u00ed, je vy\u017eadov\u00e1na opatrnost. Pokud se takov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed na X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter) stane b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm s pat\u0159i\u010dnou \u00favahou, m\u016f\u017ee toto m\u00e9dium pln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt sv\u00e9 vlastnosti a vytvo\u0159it svobodn\u00fd a interaktivn\u00ed prostor pro v\u00fdm\u011bnu n\u00e1zor\u016f. Pomluvy na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, pokud jsou ponech\u00e1ny bez dozoru, mohou zp\u016fsobit zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161kody. Doporu\u010dujeme v\u00e1m, abyste se obr\u00e1tili na odborn\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u5f53\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5bfe\u7b56\u306e\u3054\u6848\u5185\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed firma specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na IT, zejm\u00e9na na internetov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo a pr\u00e1vo obecn\u011b. V posledn\u00edch letech m\u016f\u017ee ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o reputa\u010dn\u00ed \u0161kod\u011b a pomluv\u00e1ch \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00edch se na internetu v\u00e9st k v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 poskytuje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed reputa\u010dn\u00edho rizika a zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed krizov\u00fdch situac\u00ed. Podrobnosti naleznete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oblasti p\u016fsobnosti advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e Monolith: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/practices\/reputation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Opat\u0159en\u00ed proti reputa\u010dn\u00ed \u0161kod\u011b[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>X (d\u0159\u00edve zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Twitter) je velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165, kterou mnoho u\u017eivatel\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 anonymn\u011b, ale pokud ji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te nespr\u00e1vn\u011b, m\u016f\u017eete se dopustit pomluvy. Jak\u00e9 situace tedy mohou v\u00e9st k pomlu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":64282,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62791"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62791"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62791\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64283,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62791\/revisions\/64283"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64282"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62791"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62791"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62791"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}