{"id":62794,"date":"2024-03-22T15:48:25","date_gmt":"2024-03-22T06:48:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=62794"},"modified":"2024-03-31T10:32:50","modified_gmt":"2024-03-31T01:32:50","slug":"web3-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law","title":{"rendered":"Jak\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1kony t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se Web3? Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch bod\u016f pro podniky vstupuj\u00edc\u00ed do tohoto odv\u011btv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Web3 je decentralizovan\u00fd internet vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed technologii blockchainu, kter\u00fd je vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako n\u00e1stupce centralizovan\u00e9ho internetu Web2.0 a p\u0159itahuje pozornost jako internet p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed generace. Pro vstup do podnik\u00e1n\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edho s Web3 je nezbytn\u00e9 pochopit \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu pr\u00e1vn\u00edch v\u00fdzev, v\u010detn\u011b soukrom\u00ed, bezpe\u010dnosti a pr\u00e1v du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed, a \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b se t\u011bmito v\u00fdzvami zab\u00fdvat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159uje na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed aspekty Web3 a podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btluje z\u00e1kony souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s Web3 a kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bly podniky p\u0159i vstupu na trh zv\u00e1\u017eit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Web3_a_pravo\" title=\"Web3 a pr\u00e1vo\">Web3 a pr\u00e1vo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Pravni_predpisy_souvisejici_s_Web3\" title=\"Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s Web3\">Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s Web3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Zakony_tykajici_se_kryptomen_virtualnich_men\" title=\"Z\u00e1kony t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se kryptom\u011bn (virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn)\">Z\u00e1kony t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se kryptom\u011bn (virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Zakon_o_platebnim_styku\" title=\"Z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edm styku\">Z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edm styku<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Zakon_o_obchodovani_s_financnimi_nastroji\" title=\"Z\u00e1kon o obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s finan\u010dn\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji\">Z\u00e1kon o obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s finan\u010dn\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Zakon_o_poskytovani_financnich_sluzeb_Zakon_o_prodeji_financnich_produktu\" title=\"Z\u00e1kon o poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb (Z\u00e1kon o prodeji finan\u010dn\u00edch produkt\u016f)\">Z\u00e1kon o poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb (Z\u00e1kon o prodeji finan\u010dn\u00edch produkt\u016f)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Zakon_o_elektronickem_zaznamu_prevodnich_prav\" title=\"Z\u00e1kon o elektronick\u00e9m z\u00e1znamu p\u0159evodn\u00edch pr\u00e1v\">Z\u00e1kon o elektronick\u00e9m z\u00e1znamu p\u0159evodn\u00edch pr\u00e1v<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Zakony_tykajici_se_smart_kontraktu\" title=\"Z\u00e1kony t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se smart kontrakt\u016f\">Z\u00e1kony t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se smart kontrakt\u016f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Smluvni_pravo_a_chytre_kontrakty\" title=\"Smluvn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo a chytr\u00e9 kontrakty\">Smluvn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo a chytr\u00e9 kontrakty<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Pravni_zavaznost_smart_kontraktu\" title=\"Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1vaznost smart kontrakt\u016f\">Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1vaznost smart kontrakt\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Pravni_rizika_smart_kontraktu\" title=\"Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed rizika smart kontrakt\u016f\">Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed rizika smart kontrakt\u016f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Pravni_aspekty_ochrany_soukromi_a_dat_ve_Web3\" title=\"Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed aspekty ochrany soukrom\u00ed a dat ve Web3\">Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed aspekty ochrany soukrom\u00ed a dat ve Web3<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Web3_a_ochrana_osobnich_udaju_v_Japonsku\" title=\"Web3 a ochrana osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f v Japonsku\">Web3 a ochrana osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f v Japonsku<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Typy_blockchainu_a_bezpecnost\" title=\"Typy blockchainu a bezpe\u010dnost\">Typy blockchainu a bezpe\u010dnost<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Problematika_ochrany_osobnich_udaju_v_blockchainu\" title=\"Problematika ochrany osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f v blockchainu\">Problematika ochrany osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f v blockchainu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Pravo_na_ochranu_dusevniho_vlastnictvi_ve_Web3\" title=\"Pr\u00e1vo na ochranu du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed ve Web3\">Pr\u00e1vo na ochranu du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed ve Web3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Zakony_tykajici_se_prani_spinavych_penez_a_financovani_terorismu_ve_Web3\" title=\"Z\u00e1kony t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pran\u00ed \u0161pinav\u00fdch pen\u011bz a financov\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu ve Web3\">Z\u00e1kony t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pran\u00ed \u0161pinav\u00fdch pen\u011bz a financov\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu ve Web3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Zakladni_pravni_pripravy_pro_vstup_do_Web3\" title=\"Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy pro vstup do Web3\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy pro vstup do Web3<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Rozumeni_rozdilu_mezi_FT_a_NFT\" title=\" Rozum\u011bn\u00ed rozd\u00edlu mezi FT a NFT\"> Rozum\u011bn\u00ed rozd\u00edlu mezi FT a NFT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Adoptovani_IFRS_Mezinarodni_standardy_financniho_vykaznictvi\" title=\"Adoptov\u00e1n\u00ed IFRS (Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed standardy finan\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdkaznictv\u00ed)\">Adoptov\u00e1n\u00ed IFRS (Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed standardy finan\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdkaznictv\u00ed)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Shrnuti_Pravni_ramec_Web3_je_ve_vyvoji_nejprve_se_poradte_s_advokatem\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed: Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec Web3 je ve v\u00fdvoji, nejprve se pora\u010fte s advok\u00e1tem\">Shrnut\u00ed: Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec Web3 je ve v\u00fdvoji, nejprve se pora\u010fte s advok\u00e1tem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/it\/web3-law\/#Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Web3_a_pravo\"><\/span>Web3 a pr\u00e1vo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Web3 (Web3.0) ozna\u010duje obdob\u00ed v historii se vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edho World Wide Webu, kter\u00e9 bylo poprv\u00e9 p\u0159edstaveno v roce 2014 Gavinem Woodem, spoluzakladatelem Ethereum (blockchainov\u00e9 platformy), jako &#8220;decentralizovan\u00fd online ekosyst\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00fd na blockchainu&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00edmi trendov\u00fdmi technologiemi v oblasti Web3 jsou kryptom\u011bny (digit\u00e1ln\u00ed aktiva\/virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny), NFT (nefungibiln\u00ed tokeny), DeFi (decentralizovan\u00e9 finance), DAO (decentralizovan\u00e9 autonomn\u00ed organizace), metaverse a Social Tokeny. Web3 je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed generaci technologi\u00ed, pr\u00e1va a platebn\u00ed infrastruktury webu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, Web 1.0, kter\u00fd je kontrastov\u00e1n s Web3, se skl\u00e1dal ze statick\u00e9ho obsahu webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek a byl charakteristick\u00fd &#8220;jednosm\u011brn\u00fdm&#8221; p\u0159\u00edstupem, pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm obdob\u00ed od roku 1991 do roku 2004 (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Web 2.0 je zalo\u017een na koncepci &#8220;webu jako platformy&#8221; a zam\u011b\u0159uje se na u\u017eivatelsky generovan\u00fd obsah, jako jsou f\u00f3ra, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia, blogy a wiki, kter\u00e9 u\u017eivatel\u00e9 nahr\u00e1vaj\u00ed, a je charakteristick\u00fd &#8220;dvousm\u011brn\u00fdm&#8221; p\u0159\u00edstupem. Toto obdob\u00ed za\u010dalo kolem roku 2004 a pokra\u010duje a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Web3 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj oproti Web1.0 a Web2.0, poskytuje v\u00fdhodu v tom, \u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje jednotlivc\u016fm spravovat a obchodovat s jejich daty a obsahem samostatn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Web3 v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b vy\u017eaduje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravy. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek vysv\u011btluje souvisej\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy, jak jsou k dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravni_predpisy_souvisejici_s_Web3\"><\/span>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s Web3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Shutterstock_2330051359.jpg\" alt=\"Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s Web3\" class=\"wp-image-62308\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Americk\u00e1 venture kapit\u00e1lov\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Andreessen Horowitz ozn\u00e1mila 22. ledna 2022 (2022\u5e741\u670822\u65e5) deset z\u00e1sad, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bly p\u0159in\u00e9st spole\u010dnosti u\u017eitek z Web3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u011bchto deset z\u00e1sad shrnuje sm\u011brnice pro vl\u00e1dy r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed, jak podporovat roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed Web3. Japonsko tak\u00e9 v dubnu 2023 (2023\u5e744\u6708) zve\u0159ejnilo &#8216;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.taira-m.jp\/web3%E3%83%9B%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%EF%BC%88%E6%A1%88%EF%BC%89_230406.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Japonsk\u00fd Web3 White Paper[ja]<\/a>&#8216;. K datu psan\u00ed tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku lze uv\u00e9st n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u0161est pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s Web3:<\/p>\n\n\n<p><!-- Please continue the translation from here and include the list of the six laws related to Web3. --><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zakony_tykajici_se_kryptomen_virtualnich_men\"><\/span>Z\u00e1kony t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se kryptom\u011bn (virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jsou kryptom\u011bny (virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny) regulov\u00e1ny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi t\u0159emi z\u00e1kony:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edm styku (Japanese Funds Settlement Act)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Z\u00e1kon o obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s finan\u010dn\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji (Japanese Financial Instruments and Exchange Act)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Z\u00e1kon o poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb (Z\u00e1kon o prodeji finan\u010dn\u00edch produkt\u016f) (Japanese Financial Services and Markets Act)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zakon_o_platebnim_styku\"><\/span>Z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edm styku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kryptom\u011bny (virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny) za\u010daly ps\u00e1t svou historii s narozen\u00edm Bitcoinu v roce 2009. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b nebyla legislativa dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipravena a po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b doch\u00e1zelo k spekulativn\u00edm obchod\u016fm, \u00fanik\u016fm zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm hackov\u00e1n\u00edm a podvod\u016fm spojen\u00fdm s ICO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V roce 2017 byly proto do Z\u00e1kona o platebn\u00edm styku p\u0159id\u00e1ny virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny (jako prvn\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b byl p\u0159ijat z\u00e1kon o virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch) a v roce 2021 byly provedeny zm\u011bny v Z\u00e1kon\u011b o obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s finan\u010dn\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji a Z\u00e1kon\u011b o poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb (Z\u00e1kon o prodeji finan\u010dn\u00edch produkt\u016f), \u010d\u00edm\u017e se nyn\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165uje ur\u010dit\u00e1 ochrana investor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed body Z\u00e1kona o platebn\u00edm styku jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Zavedeno v roce 2017)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Registrace provozovatel\u016f sm\u011bn\u00e1ren virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn (virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bnov\u00fdch burz)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Zm\u011bn\u011bno v roce 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Registrace poskytovatel\u016f \u00faschovy (specializovan\u00fdch na uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a spr\u00e1vu kryptom\u011bn)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zm\u011bna n\u00e1zvu z virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny na kryptom\u011bnu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pos\u00edlen\u00ed ochrany z\u00e1kaznick\u00fdch aktiv<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u0159edchoz\u00ed ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o kryptom\u011bn\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 se maj\u00ed obchodovat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regulace reklamy a nab\u00eddky<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regulace ICO<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>(Zm\u011bn\u011bno v roce 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Regulace stablecoin\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee vysv\u011btl\u00edme jednotliv\u00e9 body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Registrace provozovatel\u016f sm\u011bn\u00e1ren virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn (virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bnov\u00fdch burz)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edm styku definuje kryptom\u011bny (virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny) jako jeden z platebn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed z\u00e1konn\u00fdm platidlem, a zavedl registraci provozovatel\u016f sm\u011bn\u00e1ren virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn (virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bnov\u00fdch burz).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Byl tak\u00e9 zaveden r\u00e1mec pro ochranu investor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b povinnosti ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed toto\u017enosti majitel\u016f \u00fa\u010dt\u016f, odd\u011blen\u00e9ho spravov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kaznick\u00fdch a provozovatelsk\u00fdch aktiv a poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Registrace poskytovatel\u016f \u00faschovy (specializovan\u00fdch na uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a spr\u00e1vu kryptom\u011bn)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Zm\u011bna z\u00e1kona v roce 2020 zahrnula poskytovatele \u00faschovy (spr\u00e1vce kryptom\u011bn) jako subjekty podl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed registraci v r\u00e1mci opat\u0159en\u00ed proti pran\u00ed \u0161pinav\u00fdch pen\u011bz a financov\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu, a byly jim ulo\u017eeny stejn\u00e9 povinnosti jako provozovatel\u016fm sm\u011bn\u00e1ren virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn (virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bnov\u00fdch burz).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Pos\u00edlen\u00ed ochrany z\u00e1kaznick\u00fdch aktiv<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edm styku z roku 2017 stanovil, \u017ee vklady z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f mus\u00ed b\u00fdt spravov\u00e1ny na odd\u011blen\u00e9m bankovn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dtu nebo v pen\u011b\u017en\u00edm trustu, ale zm\u011bna z\u00e1kona v roce 2020 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 povinnost sv\u011b\u0159it tyto prost\u0159edky trustov\u00fdm bank\u00e1m nebo trustov\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem. Nav\u00edc mus\u00ed b\u00fdt kryptom\u011bny z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f spravov\u00e1ny spolehliv\u00fdmi metodami, jako jsou cold wallets (offline), a pokud jsou spravov\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed hot wallets (online), je povinnost\u00ed dr\u017eet odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed rezervy pro p\u0159\u00edpad vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>P\u0159edchoz\u00ed ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o kryptom\u011bn\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 se maj\u00ed obchodovat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Zm\u011bna z\u00e1kona v roce 2020 zavedla syst\u00e9m p\u0159edchoz\u00edho ozn\u00e1men\u00ed pro kryptom\u011bny, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt obchodov\u00e1ny na burz\u00e1ch, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo neleg\u00e1ln\u00edm obchod\u016fm s anonymn\u00edmi kryptom\u011bnami, kter\u00e9 mohou slou\u017eit jako prost\u0159edek pro pran\u00ed \u0161pinav\u00fdch pen\u011bz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Regulace reklamy a nab\u00eddky<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Zm\u011bna z\u00e1kona v roce 2020 tak\u00e9 p\u0159idala regulace t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se reklamy a nab\u00eddky, kter\u00e9 zakazuj\u00ed klamav\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed, p\u0159ehnanou reklamu a propagaci spekulac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Regulace ICO<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o platebn\u00edm styku z roku 2017 nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal ICO (Initial Coin Offering \u2013 prvotn\u00ed nab\u00eddka kryptom\u011bn), ale zm\u011bna z\u00e1kona v roce 2020 zahrnula regulaci ICO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zakon_o_obchodovani_s_financnimi_nastroji\"><\/span>Z\u00e1kon o obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s finan\u010dn\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V roce 2021 (Reiwa 3) byl zaveden nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd upravuje obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s deriv\u00e1ty kryptom\u011bn a STO (Security Token Offering).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed body Z\u00e1kona o obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s finan\u010dn\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Regulace obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s deriv\u00e1ty kryptom\u011bn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regulace STO<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Z\u00e1kaz \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed f\u00e1m a manipulace s trhem<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regulace stablecoin\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee vysv\u011btl\u00edme ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto bod\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Regulace obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s deriv\u00e1ty kryptom\u011bn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bylo zavedeno obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s deriv\u00e1ty, jejich\u017e podkladov\u00fdm aktivem jsou kryptom\u011bny (virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny), a je vy\u017eadov\u00e1na registrace pro poskytovatele finan\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb prvn\u00ed kategorie. Pro obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed na mar\u017ei byl tak\u00e9 stanoven maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e1kov\u00fd efekt ve v\u00fd\u0161i 2x pro jednotlivce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Regulace STO<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>STO je metoda z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kapit\u00e1lu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f ve form\u011b digit\u00e1ln\u00edch token\u016f. Novela z\u00e1kona zavedla koncept &#8220;elektronick\u00e9ho p\u0159evodu z\u00e1znam\u016f o pr\u00e1vech&#8221; a objasnila pravidla pro STO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Platformy zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed STO vy\u017eaduj\u00ed registraci jako poskytovatel\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb prvn\u00ed kategorie. Pokud v\u0161ak obecn\u00fd podnikatel vyd\u00e1 &#8220;elektronick\u00fd z\u00e1znam o p\u0159evodu pr\u00e1v&#8221; a s\u00e1m prov\u00e1d\u00ed nab\u00eddku bez zprost\u0159edkovatele, je vy\u017eadov\u00e1na registrace jako poskytovatel finan\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb druh\u00e9 kategorie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee jsou spln\u011bny ur\u010dit\u00e9 podm\u00ednky (ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 nab\u00eddka v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 osob a celkov\u00e1 hodnota emise v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 milion\u016f jen\u016f), je nutn\u00e9 podat &#8220;ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edrech&#8221; a vytvo\u0159it prospekt, stejn\u011b jako pod\u00e1vat &#8220;v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu o cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edrech&#8221; ka\u017ed\u00fd finan\u010dn\u00ed rok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Z\u00e1kaz \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed f\u00e1m a manipulace s trhem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s kryptom\u011bnami byly b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 manipulace s cenami, a proto byly zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny nekal\u00e9 praktiky, jako je \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed f\u00e1m a manipulace s trhem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Regulace stablecoin\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Stablecoiny jsou nov\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed mince vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed blockchainovou technologii, kter\u00e9 jsou navr\u017eeny tak, aby udr\u017eovaly stabiln\u00ed cenu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuj\u00ed &#8220;zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9&#8221; stablecoiny, kter\u00e9 jsou navr\u017eeny tak, aby jejich cena byla spojena s cenou ur\u010dit\u00e9ho aktiva, jako je fiat m\u011bna, jin\u00e9 kryptom\u011bny nebo komodity (stabiln\u00ed zdroje jako zlato nebo ropa), a &#8220;nezaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9&#8221; stablecoiny, kter\u00e9 udr\u017euj\u00ed cenu stabiln\u00ed pomoc\u00ed algoritm\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V kv\u011btnu 2023 (Reiwa 5) do\u0161lo k p\u0159\u00edpadu, kdy nezaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd korejsk\u00fd stablecoin &#8220;Terra&#8221; ztratil svou vazbu na americk\u00fd dolar a do\u0161lo k jeho propadu o v\u00edce ne\u017e 99%. V reakci na to se po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00ed hlasy volaj\u00edc\u00ed po regulaci rizik spojen\u00fdch se stablecoiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V Japonsku bude od \u010dervna 2023 (Reiwa 5) mo\u017en\u00e9 v d\u016fsledku zm\u011bny z\u00e1kona vyd\u00e1vat stablecoiny zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 fiat m\u011bnou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm bank, d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed a poskytovatel\u016f pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch p\u0159evod\u016f. Sou\u010dasn\u011b se tak\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1 mo\u017enost vyd\u00e1n\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky (CBDC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zakon_o_poskytovani_financnich_sluzeb_Zakon_o_prodeji_financnich_produktu\"><\/span>Z\u00e1kon o poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb (Z\u00e1kon o prodeji finan\u010dn\u00edch produkt\u016f)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o prodeji finan\u010dn\u00edch produkt\u016f byl p\u0159ijat v roce 2000, ale v roce 2021 byl po novelizaci p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n na Z\u00e1kon o poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed zm\u011bny z\u00e1kona jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Novela z\u00e1kona v listopadu 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Regulace obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s kryptom\u011bnami a deriv\u00e1ty kryptom\u011bn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Registrace finan\u010dn\u00edch zprost\u0159edkovatel\u016f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Povinnost vysv\u011btlovat d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace a odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161kody<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed akreditovan\u00e9 asociace finan\u010dn\u00edch zprost\u0159edkovatel\u016f a ur\u010den\u00fdch instituc\u00ed pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spor\u016f (ADR)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00ed\u017ee vysv\u011btl\u00edme jednotliv\u00e9 body novely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Regulace obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s kryptom\u011bnami a deriv\u00e1ty kryptom\u011bn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Do z\u00e1kona bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s kryptom\u011bnami a deriv\u00e1ty kryptom\u011bn, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s kryptom\u011bnami (virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmi m\u011bnami).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Registrace finan\u010dn\u00edch zprost\u0159edkovatel\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Byl zaveden syst\u00e9m finan\u010dn\u00edch zprost\u0159edkovatel\u016f, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech typ\u016f finan\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb &#8211; bankovnictv\u00ed, cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f a poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed &#8211; pod jednou registrac\u00ed. M\u00edsto p\u0159edchoz\u00edho syst\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti k ur\u010dit\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed instituci byl zaveden z\u00e1kaz vedlej\u0161\u00edho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed a omezen\u00ed na slu\u017eby vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed podrobn\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad strukturovan\u00e9 vklady a deriv\u00e1ty).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed kryptom\u011bn je mo\u017en\u00e9, ale zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s deriv\u00e1ty kryptom\u011bn nen\u00ed povoleno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Povinnost vysv\u011btlovat d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace a odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161kody<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Finan\u010dn\u00ed zprost\u0159edkovatel\u00e9 jsou nyn\u00ed povinni nep\u0159ij\u00edmat majetek klient\u016f a jsou povinni vkl\u00e1dat z\u00e1ruky pro jednotliv\u00e9 oblasti, \u010d\u00edm\u017e nesou odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Zaveden\u00ed akreditovan\u00e9 asociace finan\u010dn\u00edch zprost\u0159edkovatel\u016f a mimosoudn\u00edho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spor\u016f (ADR)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Spolu se zaveden\u00edm intern\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed je po\u017eadov\u00e1no vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed extern\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spor\u016f, jako jsou ur\u010den\u00e9 instituce pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spor\u016f (ADR). P\u0159ipojen\u00edm se k akreditovan\u00e9 asociaci finan\u010dn\u00edch zprost\u0159edkovatel\u016f lze splnit povinnost vyu\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00e9 instituce pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spor\u016f (ADR).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/cryptoassets-regulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Regulace kryptom\u011bn: Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed vztahu mezi z\u00e1konem o platebn\u00edm styku a z\u00e1konem o obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s finan\u010dn\u00edmi produkty[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zakon_o_elektronickem_zaznamu_prevodnich_prav\"><\/span>Z\u00e1kon o elektronick\u00e9m z\u00e1znamu p\u0159evodn\u00edch pr\u00e1v<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V paragrafu 2, odstavci 3 Z\u00e1kona o obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s finan\u010dn\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji se elektronick\u00fdm z\u00e1znamem p\u0159evodn\u00edch pr\u00e1v rozum\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 lze p\u0159ev\u00e9st pomoc\u00ed elektronick\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pr\u00e1va reprezentuj\u00edc\u00ed majetkovou hodnotu (omezeno na z\u00e1znamy v elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch nebo jin\u00fdch v\u011bcech pomoc\u00ed elektronick\u00fdch metod).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato pr\u00e1va jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1na za cenn\u00e9 pap\u00edry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed tokeny, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed &#8220;elektronick\u00fdm z\u00e1znam\u016fm p\u0159evodn\u00edch cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f a podobn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v&#8221; podle pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, jsou klasifikov\u00e1ny do n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed kategori\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Tokenizovan\u00e1 pr\u00e1va reprezentuj\u00edc\u00ed cenn\u00e9 pap\u00edry,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elektronick\u00fd z\u00e1znam p\u0159evodn\u00edch pr\u00e1v,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00fdjimky z elektronick\u00e9ho z\u00e1znamu p\u0159evodn\u00edch pr\u00e1v.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Od listopadu 2021 (Reiwa 3) byl zaveden novelizovan\u00fd Z\u00e1kon o obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s finan\u010dn\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji, kter\u00fd stanovuje nov\u00e9 regulace a ochrany pro finan\u010dn\u00ed transakce vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed technologie Web3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle novelizovan\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona jsou p\u0159i vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmi tokeny, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed &#8220;elektronick\u00fdm z\u00e1znam\u016fm p\u0159evodn\u00edch cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f a podobn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v&#8221;, stanoveny povinnosti registrace a hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. (viz sekce STO)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u016fvodem je, \u017ee se zohled\u0148uje technologie distribuovan\u00e9 \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed knihy na blockchainu, kterou digit\u00e1ln\u00ed cenn\u00e9 pap\u00edry vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reference: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asb.or.jp\/jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/denshikirokuiten20220826_02.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">V\u00fdbor pro \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed standardy podnik\u016f | Zpr\u00e1va o praktick\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed &#8216;Vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed elektronick\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f p\u0159evodn\u00edch cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f a podobn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v'[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zakony_tykajici_se_smart_kontraktu\"><\/span>Z\u00e1kony t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se smart kontrakt\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Shutterstock_1450211168.jpg\" alt=\"Z\u00e1kony t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se smart kontrakt\u016f\" class=\"wp-image-62314\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Vysv\u011btl\u00edme pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1vaznost a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed rizika smart kontrakt\u016f z pohledu smluvn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. Smart kontrakty jsou automatiza\u010dn\u00ed programy pro spr\u00e1vu pln\u011bn\u00ed smluv, kter\u00e9 efektivn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed smlouvy stanoven\u00e9 podm\u00ednky p\u0159i vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed STO nebo NFT a jsou implementov\u00e1ny ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b kryptom\u011bn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V blockchainu jsou ukl\u00e1d\u00e1ny z\u00e1znamy o smlouv\u00e1ch, finan\u010dn\u00edch transakc\u00edch a osobn\u00edch informac\u00edch (kryptografick\u00e9 adresy, ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Osobn\u00ed informace souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s transakcemi v blockchainu jsou na blockchainu vyj\u00e1d\u0159eny jako \u0161ifrovan\u00e9 adresy nebo ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de. Tyto informace nejsou t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m prezentov\u00e1ny, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje ochranu soukrom\u00ed jednotlivc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Blockchain takto vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 technologii distribuovan\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed a \u0161ifrovac\u00ed technologie k prevenci \u00faprav a ztr\u00e1ty dat, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zvy\u0161uje bezpe\u010dnost a transparentnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Smluvni_pravo_a_chytre_kontrakty\"><\/span>Smluvn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo a chytr\u00e9 kontrakty<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Chytr\u00e9 kontrakty (Smart Contracts) sni\u017euj\u00ed pot\u0159ebu zprost\u0159edkovatel\u016f a d\u00edky nem\u011bnnosti a transparentnosti blockchainov\u00e9 technologie zvy\u0161uj\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost a efektivitu smluv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, pokud se strany po pln\u011bn\u00ed smlouvy dohodnou na jej\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b nebo zru\u0161en\u00ed, z\u00e1znamy ulo\u017een\u00e9 na blockchainu jsou nezvratn\u00e9, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k rozpor\u016fm mezi pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vaznou smlouvou a z\u00e1znamem v \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed kv\u016fli t\u00e9to nevratnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravni_zavaznost_smart_kontraktu\"><\/span>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1vaznost smart kontrakt\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V Japonsku zat\u00edm neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jasn\u00e9 z\u00e1kony nebo precedenty t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1vaznosti smart kontrakt\u016f, ale ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii v roce 2019 (2019) V\u00fdbor pro pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti vydal &#8220;Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o kryptom\u011bn\u00e1ch a smart kontraktech&#8221;, kter\u00e9 dokazuje, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec m\u00e1 dostate\u010dnou robustnost a flexibilitu k podpo\u0159e a podpo\u0159en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed &#8220;smart legal contracts&#8221; (smart kontrakt\u016f s pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1vaznost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed smluvn\u00ed z\u00e1vazky).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le v roce 2021 (2021) Britsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed komise zve\u0159ejnila &#8220;Sm\u011brnice pro spr\u00e1vu a praxi princip\u016f AI&#8221;, kter\u00e1 poskytuje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed c\u00edle a referen\u010dn\u00ed informace pro pr\u00e1vn\u00ed zach\u00e1zen\u00ed se smart legal contracts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech je v n\u011bkter\u00fdch st\u00e1tech uzn\u00e1v\u00e1na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1vaznost smart kontrakt\u016f stejn\u011b jako u b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch smluv, ale co se t\u00fd\u010de dan\u00ed a regulace kryptom\u011bn a token\u016f, st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b neexistuj\u00ed jasn\u00e9 standardy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V Evropsk\u00e9 unii (EU) byly v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2020 (2020) navr\u017eeny dva regula\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy: &#8220;Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o trz\u00edch s kryptom\u011bnami (MiCA)&#8221; a &#8220;Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o tr\u017en\u00ed infrastruktu\u0159e vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed distribuovanou \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed technologii (DLT) (DORA)&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tyto regula\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy maj\u00ed za c\u00edl chr\u00e1nit spot\u0159ebitele a usilovat o integraci trh\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee stanov\u00ed pravidla a dohledov\u00e9 org\u00e1ny pro vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s kryptom\u011bnami a tokeny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravni_rizika_smart_kontraktu\"><\/span>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed rizika smart kontrakt\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Smart kontrakty jsou automaticky vykon\u00e1v\u00e1ny programem, a proto\u017ee do nich nezasahuje lidsk\u00e1 v\u016fle ani \u00fasudek, mohou b\u00fdt neschopn\u00e9 reagovat na nep\u0159edv\u00eddan\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti nebo neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 manipulace. P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt situace, kdy smart kontrakt obsahuje chyby nebo zranitelnosti, nebo kdy\u017e dojde k poru\u0161e nebo \u00fatoku na samotn\u00fd blockchain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je nezbytn\u00e9, aby strany kontraktu p\u0159edem uchov\u00e1valy a spravovaly informace, jinak by mohlo b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010dit obsah kontraktu nebo identifikovat strany. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nem\u011bnnost a anonymita blockchainov\u00e9 technologie mohou zt\u00ed\u017eit zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f a n\u00e1pravy v r\u00e1mci provozov\u00e1n\u00ed kontrakt\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt probl\u00e9mem i zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed souladu mezi obsahem kontraktu proveden\u00fdm na blockchainu a skute\u010dn\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi vztahy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee smart kontrakty mohou b\u00fdt vykon\u00e1v\u00e1ny p\u0159es hranice st\u00e1t\u016f, m\u016f\u017ee vzniknout ot\u00e1zka, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo se bude aplikovat a kter\u00fd soud nebo arbitr\u00e1\u017en\u00ed org\u00e1n bude \u0159e\u0161it p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 spory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le nelze pop\u0159\u00edt, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159edlo\u017eit obsah kontraktu proveden\u00e9ho na blockchainu jako d\u016fkaz a \u017ee soudy nebo arbitr\u00e1\u017en\u00ed org\u00e1ny mohou m\u00edt probl\u00e9m takov\u00fd d\u016fkaz uznat. Abychom se vypo\u0159\u00e1dali s t\u011bmito riziky, je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed, aby v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i implementuj\u00edc\u00ed smart kontrakty na blockchainu p\u0159ijali n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>D\u016fkladn\u011b ov\u011b\u0159it k\u00f3d smart kontraktu a eliminovat chyby a zranitelnosti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zahrnout funkce pro nouzov\u00e9 zastaven\u00ed nebo opravy, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 reagovat na nep\u0159edv\u00eddan\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti nebo neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 manipulace.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vytvo\u0159it, podepsat a uchov\u00e1vat smluvn\u00ed dokumenty mimo blockchain (off-chain), aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikovat obsah kontraktu a strany.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed souladu mezi obsahem kontraktu na blockchainu (on-chain) a mimo n\u011bj (off-chain) vyu\u017e\u00edt or\u00e1kula (syst\u00e9my p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed informace z vn\u011bj\u0161ku do blockchainu).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Explicitn\u011b stanovit pr\u00e1vo a metody \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se budou na smart kontrakt vztahovat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pro mo\u017enost p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00ed obsahu kontraktu proveden\u00e9ho na blockchainu jako d\u016fkaz zav\u00e9st technick\u00e9 prost\u0159edky, jako jsou hash hodnoty nebo \u010dasov\u00e1 raz\u00edtka.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravni_aspekty_ochrany_soukromi_a_dat_ve_Web3\"><\/span>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed aspekty ochrany soukrom\u00ed a dat ve Web3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Shutterstock_1936058677.jpg\" alt=\"Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed aspekty ochrany soukrom\u00ed a dat\" class=\"wp-image-62315\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Web3 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy v oblasti ochrany soukrom\u00ed a dat, a regulace \u010di pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mce pro Web3 nejsou na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni zat\u00edm dostate\u010dn\u011b vyvinut\u00e9. Proto je nezbytn\u00e9, aby podnikatel\u00e9 a u\u017eivatel\u00e9 z\u00edskali odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed znalosti a p\u0159ijali vhodn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Web3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rizika spojen\u00e1 s ochranou soukrom\u00ed a dat ve Web3 zahrnuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad to, \u017ee transakce na blockchainu (z\u00e1znamy o smlouv\u00e1ch, finan\u010dn\u00ed transakce, ulo\u017een\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f atd.) jsou ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k \u00faniku osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f (kryptom\u011bnov\u00e9 adresy, ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de) a riziku jejich sledov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Web3_a_ochrana_osobnich_udaju_v_Japonsku\"><\/span>Web3 a ochrana osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f v Japonsku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V Japonsku byl v dubnu 2022 (Reiwa 4) zaveden \u201erevidovan\u00fd z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f\u201c. Tato novela z\u00e1kona definovala nov\u00e9 kategorie dat, jako jsou \u201einformace souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s osobou\u201c a \u201epseudonymizovan\u00e9 informace\u201c, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo rozsah dat, kter\u00e1 mus\u00ed podnikatel\u00e9 spravovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak\u00e9 pokuty za poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona byly v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161eny, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se Japonsko p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eilo k p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm regulac\u00edm ochrany dat v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch. I p\u0159i poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed a slu\u017eeb Web3 je nutn\u00e9 dodr\u017eovat p\u0159edpisy tohoto z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V blockchainu mohou b\u00fdt ulo\u017eeny z\u00e1znamy o smlouv\u00e1ch, transakc\u00edch a osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u00edch (kryptografick\u00e9 adresy, ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de), ale jejich obsah a forma se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na typu a \u00fa\u010delu blockchainu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje ulo\u017een\u00e9 v blockchainu (kryptografick\u00e9 adresy, ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de) p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u0159adu pr\u00e1vn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f a v\u00fdzev. Osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje zahrnuj\u00ed informace, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed identifikaci osoby, jako jsou jm\u00e9no a adresa. Informace v blockchainu jsou v z\u00e1sad\u011b \u0161ifrovan\u00e9, ale existuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy lze z \u0161ifrovan\u00fdch informac\u00ed osobu identifikovat nebo je porovnat s jin\u00fdmi informacemi. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mohou b\u00fdt informace v blockchainu pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podnikatel\u00e9 mus\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b spravovat osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje a bez souhlasu subjektu \u00fadaj\u016f je nesm\u00ed poskytovat t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m ani m\u011bnit \u00fa\u010del jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Typy_blockchainu_a_bezpecnost\"><\/span>Typy blockchainu a bezpe\u010dnost<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuj\u00ed t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed typy blockchainu, a pro subjekty, kter\u00e9 se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed osobn\u00edmi \u00fadaji, tedy pro \u201epodnikatele, kte\u0159\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed datab\u00e1ze osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f pro sv\u00e9 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, se perspektiva m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na typu blockchainu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jednou z charakteristik blockchainu je jeho schopnost zaznamen\u00e1vat a spravovat data s vysokou \u00farovn\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti. P\u0159i aplikaci \u201eJaponsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f\u201c na blockchain je nezbytn\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it spr\u00e1vn\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00fd bude zohled\u0148ovat mechanismus a charakteristiky jednotliv\u00fdch typ\u016f blockchainu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zaji\u0161\u0165ovat z\u00e1konn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2460 Ve\u0159ejn\u00fd blockchain<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poskytovan\u00fd obchodn\u00edky s virtu\u00e1ln\u00edmi m\u011bnami (nap\u0159\u00edklad SBI VC Trade, Bitcoin, Ethereum) a jedn\u00e1 se o distribuovan\u00fd blockchain, do kter\u00e9ho se m\u016f\u017ee svobodn\u011b zapojit kdokoli z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2461 Soukrom\u00fd blockchain<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o uzav\u0159enou s\u00ed\u0165 spravovanou konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed organizac\u00ed nebo skupinou, kde je omezen\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f a jejich opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed. Mezi v\u00fdhody pat\u0159\u00ed vysok\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 d\u016fv\u011brnosti informac\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnosti, snadn\u00e9 schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed transakc\u00ed a zm\u011bny pravidel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, nev\u00fdhody zahrnuj\u00ed n\u00edzkou transparentnost a ve\u0159ejn\u00fd z\u00e1jem, a z\u00e1vislost provozu a bezpe\u010dnosti syst\u00e9mu na n\u011bkolika jednotlivc\u00edch nebo organizac\u00edch (nap\u0159\u00edklad syst\u00e9m smluvn\u00edch dohod Japan Net Bank).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2462 Konsorci\u00e1ln\u00ed blockchain<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o kooperativn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 spravovanou n\u011bkolika organizacemi nebo skupinami, kde jsou \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci a jejich opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed stanoveny dohodou. Tento typ blockchainu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed mezi ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm a soukrom\u00fdm typem a nab\u00edz\u00ed v\u00fdhody v podob\u011b zachov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fv\u011brnosti informac\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnosti, zat\u00edmco zaji\u0161\u0165uje odolnost proti \u00faprav\u00e1m a transparentnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad Hyperledger je otev\u0159en\u00e1 platforma blockchainu, na kter\u00e9 organizuj\u00ed projekty spole\u010dnosti z oblasti zdravotnictv\u00ed, zahrani\u010dn\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed a zahrani\u010dn\u00edch IT spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Problematika_ochrany_osobnich_udaju_v_blockchainu\"><\/span>Problematika ochrany osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f v blockchainu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Osoba m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo po\u017eadovat zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed, opravu, zastaven\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nebo smaz\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, ale informace ulo\u017een\u00e9 na blockchainu nelze jednou zaznamenan\u00e9 opravit nebo smazat. Je to zp\u016fsobeno pot\u0159ebou udr\u017eet odolnost blockchainu proti manipulaci, co\u017e je jedna z jeho kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nemo\u017enost opravy nebo smaz\u00e1n\u00ed dat na blockchainu m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm nep\u0159edv\u00eddan\u00fdm situac\u00edm, kter\u00e9 mohou zp\u016fsobit nesoulad s japonsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee existuj\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed d\u016fvody pro neplatnost nebo zru\u0161en\u00ed, nebo dojde ke zm\u011bn\u011b nebo zru\u0161en\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b dohody, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k rozporu mezi smlouvou na blockchainu a skute\u010dn\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm stavem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud jsou na blockchain zaznamen\u00e1na neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e1 data nebo viry, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt naru\u0161ena bezpe\u010dnost a d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost blockchainu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chybn\u00e1 nebo nepot\u0159ebn\u00e1 data mohou z\u016fstat ulo\u017eena t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nav\u017edy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed design blockchainu m\u016f\u017ee tedy vyvolat pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a technick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu mus\u00ed podnikatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje na blockchain, v\u011bnovat pozornost pr\u00e1vn\u00edm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m a v\u00fdzv\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed navrhuj\u00ed blockchain, by m\u011bli:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Pe\u010dliv\u011b vyb\u00edrat typ a obsah dat, kter\u00e1 budou na blockchainu zaznamen\u00e1na.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dopl\u0148kov\u011b spravovat a reagovat pomoc\u00ed subsyst\u00e9m\u016f mimo blockchain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0158\u00e1dn\u011b navrhnout pravidla a specifikace blockchainu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed se stanou nezbytn\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jako p\u0159\u00edpad u\u017eit\u00ed se diskutuje o st\u0159etu mezi glob\u00e1ln\u00edm ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm blockchainem, kter\u00fd propojuje uzly po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, a japonsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm r\u00e1mcem pro ochranu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud ch\u00e1peme japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f jako z\u00e1kon p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed centralizovan\u00e9 podniky, pak se ve\u0159ejn\u00fd decentralizovan\u00fd blockchain, kter\u00fd zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 transak\u010dn\u00ed informace do distribuovan\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010detn\u00edho den\u00edku, jev\u00ed jako protiklad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161ak podnikatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed osobn\u00edmi \u00fadaji, tedy ti, kte\u0159\u00ed &#8220;vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed datab\u00e1zi osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f pro podnik\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;, mohou b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za subjekty regulovan\u00e9 japonsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, co\u017e zahrnuje provozovatele virtu\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn, kte\u0159\u00ed provozuj\u00ed blockchain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b omezen\u00ed poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m v zahrani\u010d\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sd\u00edlen\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f mezi uzly ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho blockchainu pova\u017eov\u00e1no za &#8220;stav, kdy lze osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje vyu\u017e\u00edvat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm s\u00edt\u011b atd.&#8221;, a v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je nutn\u00e9 z\u00edskat souhlas subjektu \u00fadaj\u016f nebo informovat o tom p\u0159edem v z\u00e1sad\u00e1ch ochrany soukrom\u00ed a umo\u017enit poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m bez souhlasu jako v\u00fdjimku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee dojde k probl\u00e9m\u016fm, bude nutn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161it aplikaci pr\u00e1va a metody \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spor\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b ka\u017ed\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edpadu, co\u017e vy\u017eaduje z\u00e1sah pr\u00e1vn\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravo_na_ochranu_dusevniho_vlastnictvi_ve_Web3\"><\/span>Pr\u00e1vo na ochranu du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed ve Web3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V Japonsku jsou z\u00e1kony vhodn\u00e9 pro ochranu blockchainov\u00fdch doklad\u016f o du\u0161evn\u00edm vlastnictv\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Japonsk\u00fd autorsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon a Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o prevenci nekal\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezi probl\u00e9my du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed NFT z obsahu vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho jin\u00fdmi osobami t\u0159et\u00edmi stranami a tak\u00e9 to, \u017ee pr\u00e1vn\u00ed vztahy souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s NFT a metaverzem jsou st\u00e1le ve v\u00fdvoji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdhodou blockchainu je, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee zabr\u00e1nit \u00faprav\u00e1m a ztr\u00e1t\u011b dat, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed siln\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro prokazov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu vzniku a um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1v du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed, jako jsou autorsk\u00e1 d\u00edla nebo designy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje transparentnost transakc\u00ed a informac\u00ed, co\u017e usnad\u0148uje pln\u011bn\u00ed smluv a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spor\u016f v oblasti licencov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159evodu pr\u00e1v du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b m\u016f\u017ee blockchain vyvolat probl\u00e9my s kompatibilitou s pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy a interoperabilitou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto\u017ee je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 odstranit nebo upravit data na blockchainu, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 reagovat na z\u00e1nik nebo zm\u011bnu pr\u00e1v du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je ochrann\u00e1 zn\u00e1mka nebo design zneplatn\u011bn nebo p\u0159eveden, je ot\u00e1zkou, jak aktualizovat z\u00e1znamy na blockchainu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 vyvolat probl\u00e9my s ochranou soukrom\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed dat. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pokud jsou data ulo\u017een\u00e1 na blockchainu vystavena \u00faniku nebo \u00faprav\u00e1m t\u0159et\u00edmi stranami, mohou b\u00fdt osobn\u00ed a d\u016fv\u011brn\u00e9 informace dr\u017eitel\u016f a u\u017eivatel\u016f pr\u00e1v du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed vystaveny riziku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V Japonsku spole\u010dnost JASRAC (Japonsk\u00e1 asociace pro pr\u00e1va k hudebn\u00edm d\u00edl\u016fm) uvedla 31. \u0159\u00edjna 2022 syst\u00e9m spr\u00e1vy hudebn\u00edch informac\u00ed &#8216;KENDRIX&#8217;, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 blockchain pro funkci d\u016fkazu existence a eKYC (online ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed toto\u017enosti). Jedn\u00e1 se o bezplatnou platformu DX pro hudebn\u00ed tv\u016frce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy o spr\u00e1v\u011b hudebn\u00edch autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v s JASRAC byly uvoln\u011bny dosud po\u017eadovan\u00e9 krit\u00e9ria pro vyu\u017eit\u00ed a zkr\u00e1cena doba pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 k dokon\u010den\u00ed smluvn\u00edch formalit (online d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e1 smlouva a pod\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edla).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Registrac\u00ed zvukov\u00e9ho souboru atd. do KENDRIX se na blockchainu zaregistruj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed informace:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Hash hodnota zvukov\u00e9ho souboru<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u010casov\u00e9 raz\u00edtko<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Informace o u\u017eivateli<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Informace o n\u00e1zvu a verzi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem je mo\u017en\u00e9 objektivn\u011b prok\u00e1zat hudebn\u00ed autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a zve\u0159ejnit &#8216;str\u00e1nku s d\u016fkazem existence&#8217;, kter\u00e1 zobrazuje informace zaregistrovan\u00e9 na blockchainu. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed hudebn\u00edch skladeb na platform\u00e1ch pro streamov\u00e1n\u00ed videa nebo na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 URL &#8216;str\u00e1nky s d\u016fkazem existence&#8217; pou\u017eita jako odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed prost\u0159edek proti neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9mu pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le eKYC (online ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed toto\u017enosti) umo\u017e\u0148uje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed slu\u017eeb integrovan\u00fdch s KENDRIX a zjednodu\u0161uje procesy pro hudebn\u00ed tv\u016frce, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed s JASRAC smlouvu o d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e, aby mohli p\u0159ij\u00edmat spravedliv\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch honor\u00e1\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee &#8216;KENDRIX&#8217; nen\u00ed zapojen do z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nebo vzniku autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, ale slou\u017e\u00ed pouze k podpo\u0159e spr\u00e1vy a prokazov\u00e1n\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va vznikaj\u00ed i bez registrace v &#8216;KENDRIX&#8217;.<br>Reference: &#8216;Japonsk\u00e1 asociace pro pr\u00e1va k hudebn\u00edm d\u00edl\u016fm (JASRAC)\uff5c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jasrac.or.jp\/smt\/release\/22\/10_5.html\">KENDRIX<\/a>&#8216;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zakony_tykajici_se_prani_spinavych_penez_a_financovani_terorismu_ve_Web3\"><\/span>Z\u00e1kony t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pran\u00ed \u0161pinav\u00fdch pen\u011bz a financov\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu ve Web3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>NFT mohou m\u00edt vysokou hodnotu a d\u00edky vyu\u017eit\u00ed blockchainu je lze snadno p\u0159ev\u00e9st. Nav\u00edc, proto\u017ee pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b vyvinut\u00e1, existuje riziko, \u017ee NFT budou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny pro pran\u00ed \u0161pinav\u00fdch pen\u011bz a financov\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu (ML\/TF).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pran\u00ed \u0161pinav\u00fdch pen\u011bz znamen\u00e1 proces, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se neleg\u00e1ln\u011b z\u00edskan\u00e9 pen\u00edze zd\u00e1nliv\u011b prom\u011bn\u00ed v leg\u00e1ln\u011b z\u00edskan\u00e9 prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuj\u00ed metody, jako je rozd\u011blen\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u011b z\u00edskan\u00fdch pen\u011bz z hackingu nebo exploit\u016f (\u00fatok\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch zranitelnosti v po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech), kr\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed, podvod\u016f nebo Ponziho sch\u00e9mat (investi\u010dn\u00edch podvod\u016f), a jejich n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna za jin\u00e9 kryptom\u011bny. Pokud se tyto transakce prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159es zahrani\u010dn\u00ed burzy nebo sm\u011bn\u00e1rny s nedostate\u010dnou identifikac\u00ed, je velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010dit p\u016fvod p\u0159evodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le existuj\u00ed metody, kdy se NFT a podobn\u00e9 aktiva prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159es neve\u0159ejn\u00e9 &#8220;darknetov\u00e9&#8221; str\u00e1nky nebo &#8220;dark web&#8221;, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich p\u0159em\u011bnu na hotovost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V Japonsku existuj\u00ed z\u00e1kony t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pran\u00ed \u0161pinav\u00fdch pen\u011bz (ML) a financov\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu (TF), jako je &#8220;Z\u00e1kon o zahrani\u010dn\u00edm sm\u011bn\u011b a zahrani\u010dn\u00edm obchodu (Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act)&#8221; nebo &#8220;Z\u00e1kon o prevenci p\u0159esunu v\u00fdnos\u016f z trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti (Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds)&#8221; a &#8220;Z\u00e1kon o trest\u00e1n\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu (Act on Punishment of Financing of Terrorism)&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tyto z\u00e1kony ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edm instituc\u00edm povinnosti, jako je ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed toto\u017enosti p\u0159i transakc\u00edch a hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed podez\u0159el\u00fdch transakc\u00ed. V \u010dervnu 2021 (Reiwa 3) byl zaveden nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il tyto povinnosti i na poskytovatele slu\u017eeb v\u00fdm\u011bny kryptom\u011bn a elektronick\u00fdch platebn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, a stanovil, \u017ee mus\u00ed b\u00fdt regulov\u00e1ny v oblasti pran\u00ed pen\u011bz a financov\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>FATF (Financial Action Task Force), mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace vedouc\u00ed boj proti ML\/TF, ji\u017e dlouho analyzuje rizika spojen\u00e1 s kryptom\u011bnami a navrhla regula\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mec, kter\u00fd by m\u011bly zem\u011b p\u0159ijmout. Diskuse o NFT v\u0161ak teprve za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zakladni_pravni_pripravy_pro_vstup_do_Web3\"><\/span>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy pro vstup do Web3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, v Japonsku byl v dubnu 2023 (Reiwa 5) zve\u0159ejn\u011bn <a href=\"https:\/\/www.taira-m.jp\/web3%E3%83%9B%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%EF%BC%88%E6%A1%88%EF%BC%89_230406.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Japonsk\u00fd Web3 White Paper[ja]<\/a>, a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je tedy pro ve\u0159ejn\u011b obchodovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti nemo\u017en\u00e9 vstoupit do Web3, dokud nebude dosa\u017eeno konsensu o syst\u00e9mu? Nejprve vysv\u011btl\u00edme rozd\u00edl mezi FT a NFT a pot\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozumeni_rozdilu_mezi_FT_a_NFT\"><\/span><br>Rozum\u011bn\u00ed rozd\u00edlu mezi FT a NFT<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>FT, neboli Fungible Token (zastupiteln\u00fd token), ozna\u010duje kryptom\u011bny nebo utility tokeny, kter\u00e9 jsou zastupiteln\u00e9 a maj\u00ed stejnou hodnotu nebo vlastnosti. Tyto tokeny lze vym\u011b\u0148ovat za jin\u00e9 FT a je mo\u017en\u00e9 je d\u011blit nebo spojovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b NFT, neboli Non-Fungible Token (nezastupiteln\u00fd token), p\u0159edstavuje jedine\u010dn\u00e9 tokeny, kter\u00e9 jsou jedine\u010dn\u00e9 a nenahraditeln\u00e9. Pou\u017eit\u00edm blockchainu je zaji\u0161t\u011bna vz\u00e1cnost a originalita digit\u00e1ln\u00edho majetku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad existuj\u00ed NFT, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s digit\u00e1ln\u00edm um\u011bn\u00edm, re\u00e1ln\u00fdmi p\u0159edm\u011bty nebo nemovitostmi v metaverse, ale tyto nelze vym\u011b\u0148ovat za jin\u00e9 NFT a nelze je d\u011blit ani spojovat. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zat\u00edmco pro FT existuj\u00ed pravidla podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o platebn\u00edm styku, pro NFT neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed koncept.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V budouc\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpisech se klade d\u016fraz na to, \u017ee tokeny vyd\u00e1van\u00e9 a vlastn\u011bn\u00e9 spole\u010dnostmi mohou b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za zisk podle da\u0148ov\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f a st\u00e1t se p\u0159edm\u011btem dan\u011b z p\u0159\u00edjmu pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob. To m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b problematick\u00e9 pro start-upy, kter\u00e9 se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s nedostatkem financ\u00ed, proto\u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kapit\u00e1lu nebo rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed security token\u016f se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu mnoho VC (venture kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed) investuje do start-up\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm fond\u016f ve form\u011b LPS (spole\u010dnosti s ru\u010den\u00edm omezen\u00fdm na investi\u010dn\u00ed projekty), ale probl\u00e9mem je, \u017ee zat\u00edmco STO jsou v r\u00e1mci LPS z\u00e1kona zahrnuty jako investi\u010dn\u00ed c\u00edle, kryptom\u011bny nejsou explicitn\u011b uvedeny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Adoptovani_IFRS_Mezinarodni_standardy_financniho_vykaznictvi\"><\/span>Adoptov\u00e1n\u00ed IFRS (Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed standardy finan\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdkaznictv\u00ed)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se t\u00fd\u010de \u00fa\u010detn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f, spole\u010dnosti obchodovan\u00e9 na burze, kter\u00e9 dr\u017e\u00ed FT, nemohou b\u00fdt kontrolov\u00e1ny auditorsk\u00fdmi firmami a nemohou z\u00edskat spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 stanovisko, co\u017e komplikuje vstup do Web3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IFRS (Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed standardy finan\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdkaznictv\u00ed) jsou glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed standardy vypracovan\u00e9 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed radou pro \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed standardy (IASB).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V Japonsku je od roku 2010 (Heisei 22) povoleno n\u011bkter\u00fdm ve\u0159ejn\u011b obchodovan\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem dobrovoln\u011b uplat\u0148ovat IFRS, a v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je IFRS uplat\u0148ov\u00e1no p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 260 japonsk\u00fdmi ve\u0159ejn\u011b obchodovan\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1: Adoptov\u00e1n\u00ed IFRS (Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed standardy finan\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdkaznictv\u00ed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u010dkoliv se o \u00fa\u010detn\u00edch standardech pro vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed FT diskutuje celosv\u011btov\u011b, dosud nebyla stanovena \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pravidla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak v Japonsku je ve &#8220;Standardu \u00fa\u010detn\u00edho uzn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f&#8221;, kter\u00fd je povinn\u00fd pro ve\u0159ejn\u011b obchodovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, explicitn\u011b uvedeno, \u017ee &#8220;FT a STO jsou vylou\u010deny&#8221;, zat\u00edmco v IFRS (Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed standardy finan\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdkaznictv\u00ed) takov\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed nen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159ijmout &#8220;Standardy \u00fa\u010detn\u00edho uzn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f&#8221; podle IFRS (Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed standardy finan\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdkaznictv\u00ed) a odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem se p\u0159izp\u016fsobit. I b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti mohou za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek IFRS (Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed standardy finan\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdkaznictv\u00ed) adoptovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2: Zah\u00e1jen\u00ed Web3 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed v zahrani\u010d\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na sv\u011bt\u011b existuj\u00ed zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 pova\u017euj\u00ed Web3 za n\u00e1rodn\u00ed strategii a umis\u0165uj\u00ed ji do st\u0159edu sv\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 politiky. Zalo\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1kladny v zahrani\u010d\u00ed a zah\u00e1jen\u00ed Web3 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed je tak\u00e9 jedn\u00edm z mo\u017en\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro Web3 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 v zahrani\u010dn\u00edch pobo\u010dk\u00e1ch je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed podle IFRS (Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed standardy finan\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdkaznictv\u00ed) a za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed do konsolidovan\u00e9 \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011brky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti_Pravni_ramec_Web3_je_ve_vyvoji_nejprve_se_poradte_s_advokatem\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed: Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec Web3 je ve v\u00fdvoji, nejprve se pora\u010fte s advok\u00e1tem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku advok\u00e1t vysv\u011btlil pr\u00e1vn\u00ed aspekty Web3 a kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bly podniky p\u0159i vstupu do tohoto sektoru zv\u00e1\u017eit. V oblasti pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 zaost\u00e1v\u00e1 ve v\u00fdvoji a kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k \u010dast\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m, je nezbytn\u00e9 udr\u017eovat si p\u0159ehled o nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch informac\u00edch. Doporu\u010dujeme konzultovat pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se Web3 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed s advok\u00e1tem, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 v t\u00e9to oblasti zku\u0161enosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed firma specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na IT, zejm\u00e9na na internet a pr\u00e1vo. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 poskytuje komplexn\u00ed podporu pro podnik\u00e1n\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s kryptom\u011bnami, NFT a blockchainem. Podrobnosti naleznete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oblasti p\u016fsobnosti advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e Monolith: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/blockchain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kryptom\u011bny, NFT, Blockchain[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Web3 je decentralizovan\u00fd internet vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed technologii blockchainu, kter\u00fd je vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako n\u00e1stupce centralizovan\u00e9ho internetu Web2.0 a p\u0159itahuje pozornost jako internet p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed generace. Pro vstup do [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":64288,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[20,19],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62794"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62794"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62794\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64289,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62794\/revisions\/64289"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64288"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62794"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62794"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62794"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}