{"id":62825,"date":"2024-03-22T15:48:26","date_gmt":"2024-03-22T06:48:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=62825"},"modified":"2024-03-31T13:23:04","modified_gmt":"2024-03-31T04:23:04","slug":"eu-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/eu-law","title":{"rendered":"Podniky expanduj\u00edc\u00ed do Evropy, pozor: Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f a pr\u00e1vn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu EU"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>EU pr\u00e1vo je pr\u00e1vo stanoven\u00e9 EU, kter\u00e9 nahrazuje n\u011bkter\u00e9 politick\u00e9 oblasti, je\u017e byly p\u0159evedeny na EU \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. EU pr\u00e1vo m\u00e1 p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed \u00fastavou a z\u00e1kony \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Velk\u00fdm rysem EU pr\u00e1va je, \u017ee se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e1 legislativa ve v\u00edce zem\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V z\u00e1vislosti na typu EU pr\u00e1va mohou \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nahradit EU pr\u00e1vo sv\u00fdmi vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy. Je nutn\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159it, zda \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, nebo zda existuj\u00ed vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy a ty se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed, a n\u00e1le\u017eit\u011b se s t\u00edm vypo\u0159\u00e1dat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde vysv\u011btl\u00edme z\u00e1klady pr\u00e1vn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu EU a EU pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/eu-law\/#Historie_EU_a_vyvoj_clenskych_statu\" title=\"Historie EU a v\u00fdvoj \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f\">Historie EU a v\u00fdvoj \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/eu-law\/#Pravni_system_EU_se_znacne_lisi_od_japonskeho\" title=\"Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m EU se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od japonsk\u00e9ho\">Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m EU se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od japonsk\u00e9ho<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/eu-law\/#Primarni_pravo_Smlouvy_zakladajici_EU\" title=\"Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo: Smlouvy zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed EU\">Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo: Smlouvy zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed EU<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/eu-law\/#Sekundarni_pravo_%E2%80%9EEU_pravo%E2%80%9C_zalozene_na_zakladnich_smlouvach\" title=\"Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo: \u201eEU pr\u00e1vo\u201c zalo\u017een\u00e9 na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch\">Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo: \u201eEU pr\u00e1vo\u201c zalo\u017een\u00e9 na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/eu-law\/#Narizeni\" title=\"Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed\">Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/eu-law\/#Smernice\" title=\"Sm\u011brnice\">Sm\u011brnice<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/eu-law\/#Rozhodnuti\" title=\"Rozhodnut\u00ed\">Rozhodnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/eu-law\/#Doporuceni\" title=\"Doporu\u010den\u00ed\">Doporu\u010den\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/eu-law\/#Stanoviska\" title=\"Stanoviska\">Stanoviska<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/eu-law\/#Shrnuti_Pro_rozsireni_podnikani_do_clenskych_statu_EU_se_poradte_s_pravnikem_ktery_je_odbornikem_na_pravo_EU\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed: Pro roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed do \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU se pora\u010fte s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem, kter\u00fd je odborn\u00edkem na pr\u00e1vo EU\">Shrnut\u00ed: Pro roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed do \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU se pora\u010fte s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem, kter\u00fd je odborn\u00edkem na pr\u00e1vo EU<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/eu-law\/#Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historie_EU_a_vyvoj_clenskych_statu\"><\/span>Historie EU a v\u00fdvoj \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/eur.jpg\" alt=\"Euro m\u011bna\" class=\"wp-image-64388\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>EU, neboli Evropsk\u00e1 unie, je politick\u00fd a ekonomick\u00fd integra\u010dn\u00ed celek zalo\u017een\u00fd na Smlouv\u011b o Evropsk\u00e9 unii, kter\u00fd se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lou aktivit, v\u010detn\u011b hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a m\u011bnov\u00e9 unie, spole\u010dn\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiky a spolupr\u00e1ce v oblasti policejn\u00ed a trestn\u00ed justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed s\u00eddlo EU se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v Bruselu v Belgii. Pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jednotn\u00e9ho tr\u017en\u00edho syst\u00e9mu mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty EU je nezbytn\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e1 m\u011bna. V roce 1999 byla zavedena jednotn\u00e1 m\u011bna EU, euro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po\u010det \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU v sou\u010dasnosti \u010din\u00ed 27 (k b\u0159eznu 2024). P\u016fvodn\u00edch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f bylo \u0161est, ale po \u0161esti f\u00e1z\u00edch roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dos\u00e1hl po\u010det \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU \u010d\u00edsla 27.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Rok<\/td><td>\u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P\u016fvodn\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 (1952)<\/td><td>Belgie, N\u011bmecko, Francie, It\u00e1lie, Lucembursko, Nizozemsko<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prvn\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed (1973)<\/td><td>D\u00e1nsko, Irsko, Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Druh\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed (1981)<\/td><td>\u0158ecko<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u0159et\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed (1986)<\/td><td>Portugalsko, \u0160pan\u011blsko<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u010ctvrt\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed (1995)<\/td><td>Rakousko, Finsko, \u0160v\u00e9dsko<\/td><\/tr><tr><td rowspan=\"2\">P\u00e1t\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed (2004, 2007)<\/td><td>Kypr, \u010cesk\u00e1 republika, Estonsko, Ma\u010farsko, Loty\u0161sko, Litva, Malta, Polsko, Slovensko, Slovinsko<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bulharsko, Rumunsko<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0160est\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed (2013)<\/td><td>Chorvatsko<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V roce 2020 do\u0161lo k odchodu Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie z EU. Kandid\u00e1ty na \u010dlenstv\u00ed jsou nyn\u00ed Island, Srbsko, Turecko, Severn\u00ed Makedonie a \u010cern\u00e1 Hora. Dne\u0161n\u00ed EU se vyvinula z Evropsk\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed uhl\u00ed a oceli (ESUO), kter\u00e9 bylo zalo\u017eeno Belgi\u00ed, N\u011bmeckem, Franci\u00ed, It\u00e1li\u00ed, Lucemburskem a Nizozemskem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tradi\u010dn\u00ed struktura EU zahrnovala t\u0159i pil\u00ed\u0159e: &#8216;Evropsk\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed (ES)&#8217;, &#8216;Spole\u010dn\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politika (SZBP)&#8217; a &#8216;Policejn\u00ed a justi\u010dn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce v trestn\u00edch v\u011bcech (PJSS)&#8217;. Nyn\u00ed byly tyto t\u0159i pil\u00ed\u0159e sjednoceny podle Smlouvy o \u00fastav\u011b pro Evropu. ES bylo absorbov\u00e1no EU a EU byla ud\u011blena jedna mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed osobnost. V\u0161echny spole\u010dn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 EU byly nahrazeny unijn\u00edmi a EU nyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee podepisovat mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy pod sv\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravni_system_EU_se_znacne_lisi_od_japonskeho\"><\/span>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m EU se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od japonsk\u00e9ho<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/rules.jpg\" alt=\"Pravidla\" class=\"wp-image-64392\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m EU se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch prvk\u016f: prim\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va a judikatury. Nyn\u00ed podrobn\u011bji vysv\u011btl\u00edme obsah ka\u017ed\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kategorie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kategorie<\/td><td>Obsah<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo<\/td><td>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed smlouvy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se zalo\u017een\u00ed EU a jejich pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zm\u011bn.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo<\/td><td>Legislativa odvozen\u00e1 od z\u00e1kladn\u00edch smluv prim\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako pr\u00e1vo EU.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Judikatura<\/td><td>Judikatura nem\u00e1 z\u00e1vaznou s\u00edlu, ale pr\u00e1vo EU se vyv\u00edj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b judikatury. Soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr EU, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 v\u00fdlu\u010dnou pravomoc, interpretuje prim\u00e1rn\u00ed a sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Primarni_pravo_Smlouvy_zakladajici_EU\"><\/span>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo: Smlouvy zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed EU<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo zahrnuje smlouvy, jako je zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed smlouva EU, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Tyto smlouvy jsou vypracov\u00e1ny v r\u00e1mci mezivl\u00e1dn\u00edch konferenc\u00ed, na kter\u00fdch se pod\u00edlej\u00ed vl\u00e1dy v\u0161ech \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, a jsou p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1ny a stanoveny na z\u00e1klad\u011b jednomysln\u00e9ho souhlasu v\u0161ech \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo nab\u00fdv\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnosti ratifika\u010dn\u00edm procesem v\u0161ech \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. V kontextu japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va by prim\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo EU odpov\u00eddalo \u00fastav\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smlouva o EU a Smlouva o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed EU byly revidov\u00e1ny Lisabonskou smlouvou a staly se sou\u010dasn\u00fdmi z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi smlouvami. K z\u00e1kladn\u00edm smlouv\u00e1m pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 protokoly a p\u0159\u00edlohy k Smlouv\u011b o EU a Smlouv\u011b o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed EU. Evropsk\u00fd parlament a Evropsk\u00e1 komise jsou legislativn\u00edmi org\u00e1ny EU, a proto mus\u00ed dodr\u017eovat prim\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo. Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo stanovuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00edle, \u00fa\u010dely a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy EU<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed struktura<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Legislativn\u00ed postupy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty r\u016fzn\u00fdch politik<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pr\u00e1va ob\u010dan\u016f EU<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch smluv zahrnuje prim\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo tak\u00e9 Listinu z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v EU, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 stejnou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed hodnotu jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed smlouvy, a obecn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed principy, na kter\u00e9 se odvol\u00e1v\u00e1 Soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr EU. Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo sehr\u00e1lo kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli ve v\u00fdvoji lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v r\u00e1mci Evropsk\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee v\u0161echny mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace jsou zalo\u017eeny na z\u00e1klad\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, a proto je mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed oby\u010dejov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo tak\u00e9 pova\u017eov\u00e1no za prim\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed oby\u010dejov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo se vztahuje na pravidla, kter\u00e1 jsou v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm spole\u010denstv\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1na za z\u00e1vazn\u00e1. V EU existuje pro v\u011bt\u0161inu v\u011bc\u00ed kodifikovan\u00e1 pravidla, a proto se n\u011bkdy mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed oby\u010dejov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo nepova\u017euje za prim\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sekundarni_pravo_%E2%80%9EEU_pravo%E2%80%9C_zalozene_na_zakladnich_smlouvach\"><\/span>Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo: \u201eEU pr\u00e1vo\u201c zalo\u017een\u00e9 na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo je soubor pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou odvozeny od prim\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, z\u00e1kladn\u00edch smluv, a jsou ozna\u010dov\u00e1ny jako EU pr\u00e1vo. Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo, kter\u00e9 je v rozporu s prim\u00e1rn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem, je neplatn\u00e9. P\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va je nutn\u00e9 uv\u00e9st legislativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010del.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud legislativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010del nen\u00ed uveden nebo je nedostate\u010dn\u00fd, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt takov\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis prohl\u00e1\u0161en za neplatn\u00fd kv\u016fli z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9mu poru\u0161en\u00ed procedur\u00e1ln\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f. Vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed m\u00e1 p\u0159ednost a obsahuje mnoho aspekt\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s podnikatelskou \u010dinnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo zahrnuje p\u011bt typ\u016f akt\u016f: na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, sm\u011brnice, rozhodnut\u00ed, doporu\u010den\u00ed a stanoviska. Tyto jsou rozd\u011bleny podle rozsahu p\u016fsobnosti a s\u00edly pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1vaznosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Narizeni\"><\/span>Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed maj\u00ed p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a p\u0159\u00edmo se vztahuj\u00ed na vl\u00e1dy, podniky a jednotlivce v \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed maj\u00ed okam\u017eitou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost ve v\u0161ech \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed legislativu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek na vl\u00e1dy mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. \u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nesm\u011bj\u00ed br\u00e1nit p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed maj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejnou \u00fa\u010dinnost jako z\u00e1kony schv\u00e1len\u00e9 parlamentem a jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1na za jeden z nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch forem pr\u00e1va Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edkladem na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je REACH na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed regulac\u00ed pro spr\u00e1vu chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v Evrop\u011b. Chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 nebo pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v EU podl\u00e9haj\u00ed povinnostem registrace, hodnocen\u00ed, povolen\u00ed a omezen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Smernice\"><\/span>Sm\u011brnice<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sm\u011brnice maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek na vl\u00e1dy \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Sm\u011brnice stanovuj\u00ed politick\u00e9 c\u00edle a term\u00edny pro jejich dosa\u017een\u00ed, a po p\u0159ijet\u00ed jsou \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty povinny p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed, jako je vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed legislativa, aby dos\u00e1hly t\u011bchto c\u00edl\u016f v dan\u00e9m term\u00ednu. Zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm budou c\u00edle dosa\u017eeny, je ponech\u00e1n na jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a sm\u011brnice se p\u0159\u00edmo nevztahuj\u00ed na podniky ani jednotlivce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edklady sm\u011brnic zahrnuj\u00ed WEEE sm\u011brnici a RoHS sm\u011brnici. WEEE sm\u011brnice, kter\u00e1 byla zavedena v \u00fanoru 2003, je EU pr\u00e1vn\u00edm p\u0159edpisem t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edm se odpadu z elektrick\u00fdch a elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a m\u00e1 za c\u00edl podporovat jejich op\u011btovn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed a recyklaci a sn\u00ed\u017eit mno\u017estv\u00ed tohoto odpadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>RoHS sm\u011brnice je EU pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis, kter\u00fd reguluje pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo negativn\u00edmu dopadu na lidi a \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V sou\u010dasnosti je omezeno pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed deseti druh\u016f l\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozhodnuti\"><\/span>Rozhodnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozhodnut\u00ed maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, podniky nebo jednotlivce. Rozhodnut\u00ed jsou individu\u00e1ln\u00ed a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed a legislativn\u00ed postup pro jejich p\u0159ijet\u00ed je ur\u010den podle politick\u00e9 oblasti, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed. Rozhodnut\u00ed jsou zahrnuta p\u0159i revizi st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho EU pr\u00e1va, seznamu harmonizovan\u00fdch norem nebo evropsk\u00fdch norem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edkladem rozhodnut\u00ed je p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdjimek k aplikaci RoHS sm\u011brnice. RoHS sm\u011brnice stanovuje v\u00fdjimky pro pou\u017eit\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy technick\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Doporuceni\"><\/span>Doporu\u010den\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Doporu\u010den\u00ed jasn\u011b vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 komise, aby vl\u00e1dy \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, podniky a jednotlivci p\u0159ijali ur\u010dit\u00e9 postupy nebo opat\u0159en\u00ed. Doporu\u010den\u00ed nemaj\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1vaznost, ale maj\u00ed politick\u00fd vliv. Jsou prost\u0159edkem k nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu p\u016fsoben\u00ed na pot\u0159ebu vytvo\u0159en\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stanoviska\"><\/span>Stanoviska<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Stanoviska jasn\u011b vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed n\u00e1zory Evropsk\u00e9 komise, Rady Evropsk\u00e9 unie nebo Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed t\u00e9mata. Stanoviska nemaj\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1vaznost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti_Pro_rozsireni_podnikani_do_clenskych_statu_EU_se_poradte_s_pravnikem_ktery_je_odbornikem_na_pravo_EU\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed: Pro roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed do \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU se pora\u010fte s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem, kter\u00fd je odborn\u00edkem na pr\u00e1vo EU<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/flag-of-Europe.jpg\" alt=\"Vlajka EU\" class=\"wp-image-64393\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Japonsko m\u00e1 \u0161est \u00farovn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00e9 jsou hierarchicky uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny od \u00fastavy, p\u0159es smlouvy, z\u00e1kony, vl\u00e1dn\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ministeri\u00e1ln\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u017e po obecn\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b m\u00e1 EU pr\u00e1vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m tvo\u0159en\u00fd prim\u00e1rn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem, sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem a judikaturou, co\u017e je ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s Japonskem jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V Japonsku se uplat\u0148uje pouze vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo. V EU v\u0161ak existuje jak vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, tak i pr\u00e1vo EU, kter\u00e9 je stanoveno a uplat\u0148ov\u00e1no spole\u010dn\u011b mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Pr\u00e1vo EU m\u00e1 p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem a je charakteristick\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee se uplat\u0148uje spole\u010dn\u011b mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zejm\u00e9na u sm\u011brnic EU, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pr\u00e1va EU, je t\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t m\u00e1 stanoven\u00e9 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy. Proto je p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed sm\u011brnic nutn\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 pozornost kv\u016fli rozd\u00edl\u016fm v pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpisech mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vo EU se v mnoha ohledech li\u0161\u00ed od japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, tak\u017ee pokud m\u00e1te n\u011bjak\u00e9 nejasnosti, doporu\u010dujeme se obr\u00e1tit na odborn\u00edka. Pokud hled\u00e1te obchodn\u00edho partnera v oblasti pr\u00e1vn\u00edch slu\u017eeb, nev\u00e1hejte kontaktovat pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith. Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith je specialistou v oblasti IT a poskytuje slu\u017eby v oblastech IT a internetov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, ochrany du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed reputa\u010dn\u00edho rizika a dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed firma s bohat\u00fdmi zku\u0161enostmi v oblasti IT, zejm\u00e9na internetu a pr\u00e1va. V posledn\u00edch letech se glob\u00e1ln\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed neust\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159uje a pot\u0159eba pr\u00e1vn\u00edho p\u0159ezkumu odborn\u00edky st\u00e1le roste. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 poskytuje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v oblasti mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oblasti p\u016fsobnosti advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e Monolith: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/global-jpn2fgn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby a zahrani\u010dn\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>EU pr\u00e1vo je pr\u00e1vo stanoven\u00e9 EU, kter\u00e9 nahrazuje n\u011bkter\u00e9 politick\u00e9 oblasti, je\u017e byly p\u0159evedeny na EU \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. EU pr\u00e1vo m\u00e1 p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed \u00fastavou a z\u00e1kony \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Velk\u00fdm rysem EU pr\u00e1va j [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":64351,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[42,24],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62825"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62825"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62825\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64352,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62825\/revisions\/64352"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64351"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62825"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62825"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62825"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}