{"id":64517,"date":"2024-07-25T20:34:49","date_gmt":"2024-07-25T11:34:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=64517"},"modified":"2024-07-28T13:26:11","modified_gmt":"2024-07-28T04:26:11","slug":"overseas-copyright","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/overseas-copyright","title":{"rendered":"Jak je autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo chr\u00e1n\u011bno v zahrani\u010d\u00ed? Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed dvou mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>I kdy\u017e m\u00e1te znalosti o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech v Japonsku, zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se na autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va d\u00edv\u00e1 v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, se m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161it. Proto\u017ee \u201eZ\u00e1kon o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech\u201c se li\u0161\u00ed od zem\u011b k zemi, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, kdy\u017e chcete vyu\u017e\u00edvat d\u00edla v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, porozum\u011bt a dodr\u017eovat \u201eZ\u00e1kon o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech\u201c t\u00e9to zem\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku vysv\u011btl\u00edme z\u00e1klady p\u0159\u00edstupu k autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1v\u016fm v zahrani\u010d\u00ed a p\u0159edstav\u00edme dv\u011b smlouvy. P\u0159ed vyu\u017eit\u00edm d\u011bl v zahrani\u010d\u00ed se, pros\u00edm, s t\u011bmito informacemi seznamte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/overseas-copyright\/#Co_je_autorske_pravo\" title=\"Co je autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo\">Co je autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/overseas-copyright\/#Pristup_k_autorskym_pravum_v_zahranici\" title=\"P\u0159\u00edstup k autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1v\u016fm v zahrani\u010d\u00ed\">P\u0159\u00edstup k autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1v\u016fm v zahrani\u010d\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/overseas-copyright\/#Autorska_prava_neznaji_hranice\" title=\"Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va neznaj\u00ed hranice\">Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va neznaj\u00ed hranice<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/overseas-copyright\/#Uprednostnuje_se_kratsi_doba_ochrany\" title=\"Up\u0159ednost\u0148uje se krat\u0161\u00ed doba ochrany\">Up\u0159ednost\u0148uje se krat\u0161\u00ed doba ochrany<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/overseas-copyright\/#Standardy_%E2%80%9Edila%E2%80%9C_se_lisi_podle_zeme\" title=\"Standardy \u201ed\u00edla\u201c se li\u0161\u00ed podle zem\u011b\">Standardy \u201ed\u00edla\u201c se li\u0161\u00ed podle zem\u011b<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/overseas-copyright\/#Dve_mezinarodni_smlouvy_o_autorskych_pravech\" title=\"Dv\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech\">Dv\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/overseas-copyright\/#Bernska_umluva\" title=\"Bernsk\u00e1 \u00famluva\">Bernsk\u00e1 \u00famluva<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/overseas-copyright\/#Princip_narodniho_zachazeni\" title=\"Princip n\u00e1rodn\u00edho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed\">Princip n\u00e1rodn\u00edho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/overseas-copyright\/#Formalni_nezavislost\" title=\"Form\u00e1ln\u00ed nez\u00e1vislost\">Form\u00e1ln\u00ed nez\u00e1vislost<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/overseas-copyright\/#Smlouva_o_autorskem_pravu\" title=\"Smlouva o autorsk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu\">Smlouva o autorsk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/overseas-copyright\/#Podpora_ochrany_autorskych_prav_v_zahranici\" title=\"Podpora ochrany autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v zahrani\u010d\u00ed\">Podpora ochrany autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v zahrani\u010d\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/overseas-copyright\/#Zavedeni_systemu_autorskych_prav\" title=\"Zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v\">Zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/overseas-copyright\/#Podpora_posileni_vykonu_prav\" title=\"Podpora pos\u00edlen\u00ed v\u00fdkonu pr\u00e1v\">Podpora pos\u00edlen\u00ed v\u00fdkonu pr\u00e1v<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/overseas-copyright\/#Shrnuti_Problemy_s_autorskymi_pravy_presahujici_hranice_zemi_reste_s_odborniky\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed: Probl\u00e9my s autorsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed hranice zem\u00ed \u0159e\u0161te s odborn\u00edky\">Shrnut\u00ed: Probl\u00e9my s autorsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed hranice zem\u00ed \u0159e\u0161te s odborn\u00edky<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/overseas-copyright\/#Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_autorske_pravo\"><\/span>Co je autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/publiscations.jpg\" alt=\"Autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo\" class=\"wp-image-64492\" style=\"width:660px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo je pr\u00e1vo ud\u011blen\u00e9 autorovi d\u00edla, kter\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u00ed jeho z\u00e1jmy p\u0159ed neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdm kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00edm a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm d\u00edla, v\u010detn\u011b rizika neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho vyu\u017eit\u00ed na internetu a v r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Autor m\u00e1 mo\u017enost odm\u00edtnout pou\u017eit\u00ed sv\u00e9ho d\u00edla jin\u00fdmi osobami nebo mu naopak m\u016f\u017ee povolit jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed za \u00faplatu (nebo bezplatn\u011b). Je tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 povolit vyu\u017eit\u00ed d\u00edla za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 2 odstavce 1 bodu 1 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu se za autorsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo pova\u017euje &#8220;tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed my\u0161lenek nebo emoc\u00ed&#8221;, co\u017e konkr\u00e9tn\u011b zahrnuje literaturu, v\u011bdu, um\u011bn\u00ed a hudbu. P\u0159\u00edklady zahrnuj\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky, hudbu, rom\u00e1ny, filmy, fotografie, obrazy, anime, hry a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bunka.go.jp\/seisaku\/chosakuken\/seidokaisetsu\/pdf\/93726501_05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zdroj: Japonsk\u00e1 agentura pro kulturn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti | &#8220;Autorsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo &#8211; \u010cl\u00e1nek 2 (Definice)&#8221;[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jako v\u00fdchodisko je autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo automaticky ud\u011bleno v okam\u017eiku vytvo\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edla, ani\u017e by bylo nutn\u00e9 registrace u jak\u00e9koli instituce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V \u00e9\u0159e internetu se autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo stalo je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce relevantn\u00edm a jeho ochrana je st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159i vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed vlastn\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed existuje tak\u00e9 riziko poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v jin\u00fdch osob prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159epublikov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho vyu\u017eit\u00ed, co\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uje nezbytnost porozum\u011bn\u00ed autorsk\u00e9mu pr\u00e1vu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pristup_k_autorskym_pravum_v_zahranici\"><\/span>P\u0159\u00edstup k autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1v\u016fm v zahrani\u010d\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/copy-original.jpg\" alt=\"P\u0159\u00edstup k autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1v\u016fm v zahrani\u010d\u00ed\" class=\"wp-image-64444\" style=\"width:660px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Mnoho lid\u00ed se zaj\u00edm\u00e1 o to, jak jsou d\u00edla zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 v Japonsku chr\u00e1n\u011bna autorsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btl\u00edme p\u0159\u00edstup k autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1v\u016fm, zejm\u00e9na v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Autorska_prava_neznaji_hranice\"><\/span>Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va neznaj\u00ed hranice<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va na d\u00edla v Japonsku automaticky plat\u00ed i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. D\u016fvodem je, \u017ee autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va neznaj\u00ed hranice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuj\u00ed dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b: <em>Bernsk\u00fd dohovor<\/em> a <em>V\u0161eobecn\u00e1 dohoda o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Japonsko je \u010dlenem obou t\u011bchto smluv, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Bernsk\u00fd dohovor m\u00e1 168 \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed a V\u0161eobecn\u00e1 dohoda o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech m\u00e1 100 \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Existence t\u011bchto smluv zaji\u0161\u0165uje ochranu autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v r\u00e1mci jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Naopak, v zem\u00edch, kter\u00e9 nejsou \u010dleny t\u011bchto smluv, nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va chr\u00e1n\u011bna stejn\u011b jako v Japonsku. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v \u00cdr\u00e1nu nebo Etiopii, kter\u00e9 nejsou \u010dleny t\u011bchto smluv, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ochrana autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v z Japonska zcela ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b t\u011bchto smluv o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech existuje tak\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dohoda zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako <em>TRIPS<\/em>, kter\u00e1 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 ochrany pr\u00e1v du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed v oblasti obchodu. Zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 jsou \u010dleny t\u00e9to dohody, mohou rovn\u011b\u017e poskytovat ochranu autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uprednostnuje_se_kratsi_doba_ochrany\"><\/span>Up\u0159ednost\u0148uje se krat\u0161\u00ed doba ochrany<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V Japonsku je doba ochrany autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v stanovena na \u201e70 let po smrti autora\u201c, av\u0161ak v zahrani\u010d\u00ed existuj\u00ed zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed stanovenou odli\u0161nou dobu ochrany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad zem\u011b Evropsk\u00e9 unie (EU), Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9, Austr\u00e1lie a dal\u0161\u00ed maj\u00ed stejnou dobu ochrany 70 let po smrti jako Japonsko, zat\u00edmco ve Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1tech, Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii, P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu a dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch St\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdchodu, stejn\u011b jako na Tchaj-wanu a v Egypt\u011b, je tato doba krat\u0161\u00ed, a to 50 let po smrti, a v Mexiku je doba ochrany nejdel\u0161\u00ed, a to 100 let po smrti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u010dkoli autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va neznaj\u00ed hranice, doba, po kterou jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bna, se v jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch li\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, v r\u00e1mci jednotliv\u00fdch smluv jsou stanoveny minim\u00e1ln\u00ed doby ochrany. Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed doby ochrany autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v stanoven\u00e9 jednotliv\u00fdmi smlouvami jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>N\u00e1zev smlouvy<\/td><td>Doba ochrany<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bernsk\u00e1 \u00famluva<\/td><td>Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed doba ochrany 50 let po smrti<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed autorskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00famluva<\/td><td>Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed doba ochrany 25 let po smrti<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V r\u00e1mci Bernsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy je stanovena minim\u00e1ln\u00ed doba ochrany 50 let po smrti autora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed autorskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00famluva stanovuje, \u017ee doba ochrany autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v \u010din\u00ed 25 let od smrti autora, co\u017e je pouze minim\u00e1ln\u00ed doba ochrany. Zem\u011b mohou stanovit del\u0161\u00ed dobu ochrany. Smlouvy stanovuj\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1sadn\u011b mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zahrani\u010dn\u00edm d\u00edl\u016fm poskytnuta stejn\u00e1 ochrana jako d\u00edl\u016fm dom\u00e1c\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zahrani\u010dn\u00edch d\u011bl, i kdy\u017e je v domovsk\u00e9 zemi stanovena doba ochrany 25 let po smrti, v Japonsku je nutn\u00e9 chr\u00e1nit autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va t\u011bchto d\u011bl po dobu 70 let po smrti autora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podobn\u011b, pokud by byla v jin\u00e9 zemi stanovena doba ochrany autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v 25 let po smrti, v t\u00e9to zemi by se uplat\u0148ovala ochrana autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v po dobu 25 let.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad, v Japonsku jsou d\u00edla Egyp\u0165an\u016f chr\u00e1n\u011bna japonsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech, zat\u00edmco v Egypt\u011b jsou japonsk\u00e1 d\u00edla chr\u00e1n\u011bna egyptsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt doba ochrany autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v krat\u0161\u00ed, proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 b\u00fdt opatrn\u00fd p\u0159i publikov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bl v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Standardy_%E2%80%9Edila%E2%80%9C_se_lisi_podle_zeme\"><\/span>Standardy \u201ed\u00edla\u201c se li\u0161\u00ed podle zem\u011b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Je nutn\u00e9 v\u011bnovat pozornost zach\u00e1zen\u00ed se d\u00edly a standard\u016fm v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. I kdy\u017e je d\u00edlo v Japonsku chr\u00e1n\u011bno jako autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee bude stejn\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bno i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. I kdy\u017e je zem\u011b \u010dlenem n\u011bkter\u00e9ho z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch smluv, definice d\u00edla se v ka\u017ed\u00e9 zemi li\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bernsk\u00e1 \u00famluva p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 princip \u201eform\u00e1ln\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti\u201c, kter\u00fd \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee \u201epro vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a pr\u00e1v souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem nen\u00ed nutn\u00fd \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd form\u00e1ln\u00ed postup, jako je registrace, doru\u010den\u00ed d\u00edla nebo ozna\u010den\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v\u201c. V Japonsku a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch plat\u00ed autorsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kony na z\u00e1klad\u011b tohoto principu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161ak v minulosti v USA tento princip neplatil a existovala doba, kdy byla autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va uzn\u00e1na pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee byl zobrazen symbol \u201e\u00a9\u201c (copyright).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To bylo proto, \u017ee a\u017e do ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 doby USA uplat\u0148ovaly syst\u00e9m, podle kter\u00e9ho \u201eautorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va byla uzn\u00e1na pouze po registraci u vl\u00e1dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed\u201c (form\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m), a teprve v roce Heisei prvn\u00edm (1989) USA uzav\u0159ely Bernskou \u00famluvu a p\u0159ijaly syst\u00e9m form\u00e1ln\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bunka.go.jp\/seisaku\/chosakuken\/seidokaisetsu\/pdf\/93736501_10.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zdroj: Japonsk\u00e1 agentura pro kulturn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti | Ochrana zahrani\u010dn\u00edch d\u011bl[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010clenstv\u00ed v Bernsk\u00e9 \u00famluv\u011b a Sv\u011btov\u00e9 autorskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00famluv\u011b, stejn\u011b jako ustanoven\u00ed, kter\u00e1 d\u00edlo uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed jako takov\u00e9, se li\u0161\u00ed od zem\u011b k zemi, tak\u017ee je dobr\u00e9 se p\u0159edem informovat o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech v c\u00edlov\u00e9 zemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dve_mezinarodni_smlouvy_o_autorskych_pravech\"><\/span>Dv\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/treaty-.jpg\" alt=\"Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed smlouvy o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech\" class=\"wp-image-64445\" style=\"width:660px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Fungov\u00e1n\u00edm n\u011bkolika mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv je podporov\u00e1na rozumn\u00e1 a konzistentn\u00ed ochrana autorsk\u00fdch d\u011bl v jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Smlouvy stanovuj\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed standardy ochrany, a t\u00edm, \u017ee se \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty zavazuj\u00ed je dodr\u017eovat ve sv\u00fdch jurisdikc\u00edch, jsou autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va chr\u00e1n\u011bna p\u0159es hranice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde jsou vysv\u011btleny dv\u011b reprezentativn\u00ed smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bernska_umluva\"><\/span>Bernsk\u00e1 \u00famluva<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bernsk\u00e1 \u00famluva (Berne Convention) je jednou z nejstar\u0161\u00edch a nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch smluv o ochran\u011b autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Byla p\u0159ijata v roce 1886 ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku, v Bernu, a stanovuje mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pravidla t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v s Evropou v centru pozornosti. Od t\u00e9 doby byla n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t revidov\u00e1na a dnes je ratifikov\u00e1na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 180 zem\u011bmi. Japonsko se k t\u00e9to \u00famluv\u011b p\u0159ipojilo v roce 1899 a Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 kone\u010dn\u011b v roce 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Charakteristick\u00fdmi rysy Bernsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy jsou &#8220;princip n\u00e1rodn\u00edho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed&#8221; a &#8220;form\u00e1ln\u00ed nez\u00e1vislost&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Princip_narodniho_zachazeni\"><\/span>Princip n\u00e1rodn\u00edho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Bernsk\u00e1 \u00famluva zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee i ciz\u00edm autor\u016fm nebo d\u00edl\u016fm se mus\u00ed poskytnout stejn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a ochrana jako d\u00edl\u016fm vytvo\u0159en\u00fdm dom\u00e1c\u00edmi ob\u010dany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Formalni_nezavislost\"><\/span>Form\u00e1ln\u00ed nez\u00e1vislost<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Bernsk\u00e1 \u00famluva stanov\u00ed princip, \u017ee autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 postupy nebo po\u017eadavky pro sv\u016fj vznik. Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va vznikaj\u00ed automaticky a d\u00edlo m\u00e1 autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va ji\u017e od okam\u017eiku sv\u00e9ho vzniku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Smlouva_o_autorskem_pravu\"><\/span>Smlouva o autorsk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Smlouva o autorsk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu byla vytvo\u0159ena v roce 1952 v \u017denev\u011b ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku a vstoupila v platnost v roce 1955. Jeliko\u017e byla zah\u00e1jena pod z\u00e1\u0161titou UNESCO, je tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako UNESCO smlouva. Japonsko tuto smlouvu podepsalo v roce 1977.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V dob\u011b zalo\u017een\u00ed Bernsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy ji\u017e m\u011bly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 a n\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b St\u0159edn\u00ed a Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky vlastn\u00ed smlouvy o ochran\u011b autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ijaly &#8220;form\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1vislost&#8221; (pro vznik autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v je nutn\u00e1 registrace) na rozd\u00edl od &#8220;form\u00e1ln\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti&#8221; stanoven\u00e9 Bernskou \u00famluvou. Tato smlouva proto slou\u017eila jako most mezi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty Bernsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00edky tomu, pokud je d\u00edlo chr\u00e1n\u011bno Smlouvou o autorsk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bno i v zem\u00edch, kter\u00e9 up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed form\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1vislost, jednodu\u0161e t\u00edm, \u017ee se uvede jm\u00e9no autora, rok vyd\u00e1n\u00ed a symbol \u00a9, ani\u017e by bylo nutn\u00e9 registrace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Podpora_ochrany_autorskych_prav_v_zahranici\"><\/span>Podpora ochrany autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v zahrani\u010d\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/trial-.jpg\" alt=\"Podpora ochrany autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v zahrani\u010d\u00ed\" class=\"wp-image-64446\" style=\"width:660px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nakonec bychom v\u00e1m cht\u011bli p\u0159edstavit projekt Agentury pro kulturn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti, kter\u00fd se zam\u011b\u0159uje na podporu ochrany autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zavedeni_systemu_autorskych_prav\"><\/span>Zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Agentura pro kulturn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti se v\u011bnuje zaveden\u00ed a podpo\u0159e syst\u00e9mu autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v asijsko-pacifick\u00e9m regionu (projekt na podporu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed syst\u00e9mu autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v asijsk\u00e9 oblasti).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed aktivity zahrnuj\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed semin\u00e1\u0159\u016f o syst\u00e9mu autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v dan\u00e9 zemi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch konferenc\u00ed o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Realizace studijn\u00edch pobyt\u016f v Japonsku pro podporu rozvoje syst\u00e9mu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Agentura se tak\u00e9 aktivn\u011b anga\u017euje ve vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch pravidel a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed na jedn\u00e1n\u00edch o ekonomick\u00fdch partnerstv\u00edch nebo diskus\u00edch t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se WIPO Broadcasting Treaty, a to v\u0161e s c\u00edlem chr\u00e1nit dom\u00e1c\u00ed autorsk\u00e1 d\u00edla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bunka.go.jp\/seisaku\/chosakuken\/kaizokuban\/pdf\/93800601_01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reference: Agentura pro kulturn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti | Podpora ochrany autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v zahrani\u010d\u00ed[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Podpora_posileni_vykonu_prav\"><\/span>Podpora pos\u00edlen\u00ed v\u00fdkonu pr\u00e1v<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Agentura pro kulturn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vl\u00e1d o pos\u00edlen\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a pravideln\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00ed mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed konzultace, zejm\u00e9na s t\u011bmi zem\u011bmi, kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k \u010dast\u00e9mu poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v na vlastn\u00edm obsahu, aby zajistila spr\u00e1vnou aplikaci z\u00e1kon\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Agentura tak\u00e9 podporuje rozvoj prost\u0159ed\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee organizuje \u0161kolic\u00ed semin\u00e1\u0159e pro pracovn\u00edky dozorov\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky pro boj proti poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v zahrani\u010d\u00ed a z\u0159izuje kontaktn\u00ed m\u00edsta pro konzultace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podrobnosti naleznete v odkazu \u201eP\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edru\u010dek pro boj proti poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v (pir\u00e1tsk\u00e9 verze)\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V n\u011bm jsou zahrnuty metody boje proti poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch a zpr\u00e1vy o prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bunka.go.jp\/seisaku\/chosakuken\/kaizoku\/handbook.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reference: Poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v (pir\u00e1tsk\u00e9 verze) | P\u0159ehled p\u0159\u00edru\u010dek[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti_Problemy_s_autorskymi_pravy_presahujici_hranice_zemi_reste_s_odborniky\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed: Probl\u00e9my s autorsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed hranice zem\u00ed \u0159e\u0161te s odborn\u00edky<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/complete-book-of-six-laws.jpg\" alt=\"Otev\u0159en\u00e1 kniha \u0161esti z\u00e1kon\u016f\" class=\"wp-image-64447\" style=\"width:660px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Je skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edstupy k autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1v\u016fm se li\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b od zem\u011b. Je nutn\u00e9 se p\u0159edem podrobn\u011b sezn\u00e1mit s autorsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy v c\u00edlov\u00e9 zemi, v\u010detn\u011b situace ohledn\u011b p\u0159istoupen\u00ed k r\u016fzn\u00fdm smlouv\u00e1m a pravidel v jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Nav\u00edc je t\u0159eba po\u010d\u00edtat s t\u00edm, \u017ee c\u00edlov\u00e1 zem\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00edce ne\u017e jedna, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zkomplikovat zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve v\u011bci nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s autorsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy v zahrani\u010d\u00ed doporu\u010dujeme konzultaci se specialisty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith m\u00e1 bohat\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti v oblasti IT, zejm\u00e9na internetu, a pr\u00e1va. V posledn\u00edch letech se glob\u00e1ln\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed neust\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159uje a pot\u0159eba pr\u00e1vn\u00edho p\u0159ezkumu odborn\u00edky st\u00e1le roste. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 poskytuje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v oblasti mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Specializace pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159e Monolith: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/global-jpn2fgn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo a zahrani\u010dn\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I kdy\u017e m\u00e1te znalosti o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech v Japonsku, zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se na autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va d\u00edv\u00e1 v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, se m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161it. Proto\u017ee \u201eZ\u00e1kon o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech\u201c se li\u0161\u00ed od zem\u011b k zemi, je d\u016fle\u017ei [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":64591,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[25,24],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64517"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64517"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64517\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64592,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64517\/revisions\/64592"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64517"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64517"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64517"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}