{"id":64718,"date":"2024-11-01T14:05:55","date_gmt":"2024-11-01T05:05:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=64718"},"modified":"2024-11-13T20:03:19","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T11:03:19","slug":"freelance-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Zaveden\u00ed v listopadu roku Reiwa 6 (2024)\u3011Co je z\u00e1kon na ochranu freelancer\u016f? Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bly podniky p\u0159ijmout"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V posledn\u00edch letech se v d\u016fsledku pracovn\u00edch reforem podporovan\u00fdch Ministerstvem zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed hodnoty pracuj\u00edc\u00edch lid\u00ed a po\u010det lid\u00ed pracuj\u00edc\u00edch na voln\u00e9 noze rok od roku roste. Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd z\u00e1jem o flexibiln\u00ed pracovn\u00ed re\u017eimy po zku\u0161enosti s pandemi\u00ed COVID-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V souvislosti s rostouc\u00edm po\u010dtem firem, kter\u00e9 uzav\u00edraj\u00ed obchody s freelancery, bude v listopadu 2024 (Reiwa 6) zaveden &#8220;Z\u00e1kon na ochranu freelancer\u016f (nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon pro freelancery)&#8221;, kter\u00fd stanov\u00ed povinnosti pro podnikatele zad\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1ci freelancer\u016fm. Mnoho lid\u00ed bude cht\u00edt rychle zahrnout tyto informace do sv\u00e9 praxe a porozum\u011bt z\u00e1kladn\u00edm princip\u016fm Z\u00e1kona na ochranu freelancer\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek proto p\u0159edstavuje obsah a sm\u011brnice Z\u00e1kona na ochranu freelancer\u016f a vysv\u011btluje, jak\u00e9 kroky by m\u011bly podniky podniknout, aby se p\u0159izp\u016fsobily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Zakon_o_ochrane_freelanceru_novy_zakon_pro_freelancery\" title=\"Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f (nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon pro freelancery)\">Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f (nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon pro freelancery)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Pozadi_a_vyznam_zakona_o_ochrane_freelanceru\" title=\"Pozad\u00ed a v\u00fdznam z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f\">Pozad\u00ed a v\u00fdznam z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Rozdil_mezi_zakonem_o_ochrane_freelanceru_a_zakonem_o_subdodavkach\" title=\"Rozd\u00edl mezi z\u00e1konem o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f a z\u00e1konem o subdod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch\">Rozd\u00edl mezi z\u00e1konem o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f a z\u00e1konem o subdod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Smernice_pro_obchodovani_s_freelancery\" title=\"Sm\u011brnice pro obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s freelancery\">Sm\u011brnice pro obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s freelancery<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#O_smernicich_pro_freelancery\" title=\"O sm\u011brnic\u00edch pro freelancery\">O sm\u011brnic\u00edch pro freelancery<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Vztah_k_Zakonu_o_subdodavkach_a_Antimonopolnimu_zakonu\" title=\"Vztah k Z\u00e1konu o subdod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch a Antimonopoln\u00edmu z\u00e1konu\">Vztah k Z\u00e1konu o subdod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch a Antimonopoln\u00edmu z\u00e1konu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Vztah_k_pracovnepravnim_predpisum\" title=\"Vztah k pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00edm p\u0159edpis\u016fm\">Vztah k pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00edm p\u0159edpis\u016fm<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Cilove_transakce_a_subjekty_podle_zakona_o_ochrane_freelanceru\" title=\"C\u00edlov\u00e9 transakce a subjekty podle z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f\">C\u00edlov\u00e9 transakce a subjekty podle z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#O_definici_freelancera\" title=\"O definici freelancera\">O definici freelancera<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Transakce_podlehajici_Zakonu_o_ochrane_freelanceru\" title=\"Transakce podl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed Z\u00e1konu o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f\">Transakce podl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed Z\u00e1konu o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Osoby_spadajici_pod_zakon_o_ochrane_freelanceru\" title=\"Osoby spadaj\u00edc\u00ed pod z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f\">Osoby spadaj\u00edc\u00ed pod z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Hlavni_obsah_zakona_o_ochrane_freelanceru_a_opatreni_ktera_by_mely_podniky_prijmout\" title=\"Hlavn\u00ed obsah z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f a opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bly podniky p\u0159ijmout\">Hlavn\u00ed obsah z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f a opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bly podniky p\u0159ijmout<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Zverejneni_obchodnich_podminek\" title=\"Zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed obchodn\u00edch podm\u00ednek\">Zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed obchodn\u00edch podm\u00ednek<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Terminy_platby_odmen\" title=\"Term\u00edny platby odm\u011bn\">Term\u00edny platby odm\u011bn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Povinnosti_dodavatelu_pri_zadavani_zakazek\" title=\"Povinnosti dodavatel\u016f p\u0159i zad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zak\u00e1zek\">Povinnosti dodavatel\u016f p\u0159i zad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zak\u00e1zek<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Presne_zobrazeni_informaci_o_naboru\" title=\"P\u0159esn\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed informac\u00ed o n\u00e1boru\">P\u0159esn\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed informac\u00ed o n\u00e1boru<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Zohledneni_tehotenstvi_porodu_pece_o_deti_a_pece_o_zavisle_osoby\" title=\"Zohledn\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, porodu, p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti a p\u00e9\u010de o z\u00e1visl\u00e9 osoby\">Zohledn\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, porodu, p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti a p\u00e9\u010de o z\u00e1visl\u00e9 osoby<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Zavedeni_opatreni_proti_obtezovani\" title=\"Zaveden\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed\">Zaveden\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Oznameni_o_ukonceni_a_podobnych_opatreni\" title=\"Ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o ukon\u010den\u00ed a podobn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed\">Ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o ukon\u010den\u00ed a podobn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Sankce_za_poruseni_Zakona_o_ochrane_freelanceru\" title=\"Sankce za poru\u0161en\u00ed Z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f\">Sankce za poru\u0161en\u00ed Z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Shrnuti_Opatreni_proti_zakonu_na_ochranu_freelanceru_by_mela_byt_konzultovana_s_pravnikem\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed: Opat\u0159en\u00ed proti z\u00e1konu na ochranu freelancer\u016f by m\u011bla b\u00fdt konzultov\u00e1na s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem\">Shrnut\u00ed: Opat\u0159en\u00ed proti z\u00e1konu na ochranu freelancer\u016f by m\u011bla b\u00fdt konzultov\u00e1na s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/freelance-law\/#Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zakon_o_ochrane_freelanceru_novy_zakon_pro_freelancery\"><\/span>Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f (nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon pro freelancery)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f (nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon pro freelancery) je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis, kter\u00fd stanovuje povinnosti pro podnikatele zad\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1ci freelancer\u016fm, zejm\u00e9na v r\u00e1mci smluv o poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb. Jeho ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1zev je &#8220;Z\u00e1kon o zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spravedliv\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch praktik ve vztaz\u00edch k ur\u010dit\u00fdm zadavatel\u016fm slu\u017eeb&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde vysv\u011btl\u00edme z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace o nov\u00e9m z\u00e1konu pro freelancery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pozadi_a_vyznam_zakona_o_ochrane_freelanceru\"><\/span>Pozad\u00ed a v\u00fdznam z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pozad\u00ed vzniku z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v diverzifikaci pracovn\u00edch styl\u016f v Japonsku. V posledn\u00edch letech se zvy\u0161uje po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed nepracuj\u00ed pro spole\u010dnost, ale jako freelanci. Freelance\u0159i v\u0161ak nejsou uzn\u00e1v\u00e1ni jako &#8220;pracovn\u00edci&#8221; podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch standardech, a proto na n\u011b nejsou aplikov\u00e1ny pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ve vztahu k zadavatel\u016fm jsou postaveni do slab\u0161\u00ed pozice ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pracovn\u00edky. Skute\u010dnost\u00ed je, \u017ee ne mal\u00fd po\u010det freelancer\u016f p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 zak\u00e1zky za nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch podm\u00ednek pod tlakem zadavatel\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k t\u00e9to situaci byla zavedena regulace z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f s c\u00edlem vytvo\u0159it prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m mohou jednotlivci stabiln\u011b vykon\u00e1vat sv\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 podnikatelsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f byl schv\u00e1len dne 28. dubna v roce Reiwa 5 (2023) a vstoup\u00ed v platnost dne 1. listopadu v roce Reiwa 6 (2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozdil_mezi_zakonem_o_ochrane_freelanceru_a_zakonem_o_subdodavkach\"><\/span>Rozd\u00edl mezi z\u00e1konem o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f a z\u00e1konem o subdod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o subdod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis, kter\u00fd zakazuje zadavatel\u016fm podnik\u016f vytv\u00e1\u0159et nev\u00fdhodn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro subdodavatele v oblasti plateb a obchodu s produkty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Struktura vztahu mezi freelancerem a zadavatelem slu\u017eeb je podobn\u00e1, tak\u017ee na prvn\u00ed pohled se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t, \u017ee oba z\u00e1kony reguluj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 smluvn\u00ed vztahy. Existuje v\u0161ak rozd\u00edl v po\u017eadavc\u00edch na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed kapit\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Z\u00e1kon o subdod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch \u2192 Aplikuje se, pokud m\u00e1 zadavatel obchodu ur\u010ditou v\u00fd\u0161i z\u00e1kladn\u00edho kapit\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon pro freelancery \u2192 Neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 omezen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se po\u017eadavk\u016f na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed kapit\u00e1l zadavatele.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee z\u00e1kon o subdod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch se nemus\u00ed vztahovat na obchodn\u00ed vztahy s freelancery, pokud je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed kapit\u00e1l zadavatele n\u00edzk\u00fd, z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f reguluje v\u0161echny zadavatele slu\u017eeb bez ohledu na omezen\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edho kapit\u00e1lu a usiluje o ochranu freelancer\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Smernice_pro_obchodovani_s_freelancery\"><\/span>Sm\u011brnice pro obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s freelancery<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1f3ad2a23533856c0a08d87cb80ebd34.jpg\" alt=\"Sm\u011brnice pro obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s freelancery\" class=\"wp-image-88636\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V obchodn\u00edch vztaz\u00edch s freelancery existuj\u00ed sm\u011brnice, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00ed Z\u00e1konu o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f. P\u0159i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch pravidel do praxe je nezbytn\u00e9 se sezn\u00e1mit se sm\u011brnicemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve p\u0159edstav\u00edme p\u0159ehled sm\u011brnic pro freelancery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_smernicich_pro_freelancery\"><\/span>O sm\u011brnic\u00edch pro freelancery<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V roce Reiwa 3 (2021) vydaly p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 ministerstva spole\u010dn\u011b &#8220;Sm\u011brnice pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro freelancery&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00edm obsahem je, \u017ee po objasn\u011bn\u00ed vztahu aplikace Antimonopoln\u00edho z\u00e1kona, Z\u00e1kona o subdod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch a pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, jsou zde explicitn\u011b uvedeny typy chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt probl\u00e9mov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reference: \u00da\u0159ad pro spravedliv\u00fd obchod atd. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/content\/11911500\/000759477.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sm\u011brnice pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro freelancery[ja]<\/a>&#8220;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vztah_k_Zakonu_o_subdodavkach_a_Antimonopolnimu_zakonu\"><\/span>Vztah k Z\u00e1konu o subdod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch a Antimonopoln\u00edmu z\u00e1konu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi freelancery a podnikateli se na cel\u00fd obchodn\u00ed vztah vztahuje Antimonopoln\u00ed z\u00e1kon. Pokud m\u00e1 podnikatel, kter\u00fd zad\u00e1v\u00e1 zak\u00e1zky, kapit\u00e1l vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 10 milion\u016f jen\u016f, aplikuje se tak\u00e9 Z\u00e1kon o subdod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sm\u011brnice pro freelancery ukazuj\u00ed vztah aplikace Z\u00e1kona o subdod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch a Antimonopoln\u00edho z\u00e1kona a n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed podnikatel\u00e9 mus\u00ed zkontrolovat dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Podnikatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed obchoduj\u00ed s freelancery<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zprost\u0159edkovatel\u00e9 (podnikatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1vaj\u00ed shody mezi freelancery a zadavateli)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Sm\u011brnice pro freelancery tak\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy k regulaci zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dominantn\u00edho postaven\u00ed a k z\u0159etelnosti obchodn\u00edch podm\u00ednek p\u0159i zad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zak\u00e1zek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le jsou zde konkr\u00e9tn\u011b uvedeny typy chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt v rozporu s t\u011bmito z\u00e1kony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vztah_k_pracovnepravnim_predpisum\"><\/span>Vztah k pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00edm p\u0159edpis\u016fm<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Freelancer\u016fm se obvykle nevztahuj\u00ed pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy, proto\u017ee nejsou uzav\u0159eny pracovn\u00ed smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, pokud jsou vztahy s jednotliv\u00fdmi zadavateli nebo zprost\u0159edkovateli posuzov\u00e1ny podle krit\u00e9ri\u00ed a freelancer je uzn\u00e1n jako &#8220;pracovn\u00edk&#8221; podle Z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch standardech, mohou b\u00fdt pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy aplikov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sm\u011brnice pro freelancery uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed krit\u00e9ria pro ur\u010den\u00ed, zda je osoba uzn\u00e1na jako &#8220;pracovn\u00edk&#8221; podle jednotliv\u00fdch pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, a p\u0159edkl\u00e1daj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cilove_transakce_a_subjekty_podle_zakona_o_ochrane_freelanceru\"><\/span>C\u00edlov\u00e9 transakce a subjekty podle z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/109b2e883e9e9b5f3dfe1440756b3212.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00edlov\u00e9 transakce a subjekty nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o freelancerech\" class=\"wp-image-88638\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V r\u00e1mci z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f vysv\u011btl\u00edme definici c\u00edlov\u00fdch freelancer\u016f a typy transakc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 spadaj\u00ed do jeho p\u016fsobnosti. Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee va\u0161e transakce spadaj\u00ed do t\u00e9to kategorie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"O_definici_freelancera\"><\/span>O definici freelancera<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Definice freelancera nen\u00ed v pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpisech jasn\u011b stanovena a neexistuje ani jednotn\u00e1 definice. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, ve sm\u011brnici pro freelancery je uvedeno n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;Freelancer&#8221; je osoba bez kamenn\u00e9ho obchodu a zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, kter\u00e1 je samostatn\u011b v\u00fdd\u011ble\u010dn\u011b \u010dinn\u00e1 nebo jedno\u010dlenn\u00fd podnikatel a z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edjem vyu\u017eit\u00edm sv\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed, znalost\u00ed a dovednost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<cite>\u00da\u0159ad pro spravedlivou sout\u011b\u017e atd. | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/content\/11911500\/000759477.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sm\u011brnice pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m mohou freelancery pracovat s jistotou[ja]<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, freelancer je osoba, kter\u00e1 nezam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky a pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmu uzav\u00edr\u00e1 smlouvy o d\u00edlo nebo smlouvy o poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb a p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 zak\u00e1zky na pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Transakce_podlehajici_Zakonu_o_ochrane_freelanceru\"><\/span>Transakce podl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed Z\u00e1konu o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Transakce, kter\u00e9 spadaj\u00ed pod p\u016fsobnost Z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f, jsou BtoB transakce (obchodn\u00ed transakce mezi podniky) mezi firmami a freelancery. Neuplat\u0148uj\u00ed se na BtoC transakce mezi firmami a b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi spot\u0159ebiteli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b, hlavn\u00edmi transakcemi, kter\u00e9 spadaj\u00ed pod tento z\u00e1kon, jsou &#8220;smlouvy o zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zak\u00e1zky&#8221;. Smlouva o zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zak\u00e1zky je dohoda, kdy firma sv\u011b\u0159\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st nebo v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 podnikov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti extern\u00edmu podnikateli. Obvykle se tomu tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 outsourcing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Definice &#8220;zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zak\u00e1zky&#8221; je v Z\u00e1konu o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f stanovena n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>(\u010cl\u00e1nek 2, odstavec 3)<br>V tomto z\u00e1kon\u011b se pod &#8220;zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm zak\u00e1zky&#8221; rozum\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dinnosti:<br>1. Podnikatel sv\u011b\u0159\u00ed jin\u00e9mu podnikateli v\u00fdrobu zbo\u017e\u00ed (v\u010detn\u011b zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed) nebo tvorbu informa\u010dn\u00edch produkt\u016f pro \u00fa\u010dely sv\u00e9ho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<br>2. Podnikatel sv\u011b\u0159\u00ed jin\u00e9mu podnikateli poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb pro \u00fa\u010dely sv\u00e9ho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed (v\u010detn\u011b situac\u00ed, kdy je jin\u00fd podnikatel po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n o poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb p\u0159\u00edmo pro n\u011bj).<\/p>\n<cite><a href=\"https:\/\/elaws.e-gov.go.jp\/document?lawid=505AC0000000025_20241101_000000000000000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Z\u00e1kon o zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spravedliv\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch praktik pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 poskytovatele slu\u017eeb\uff5ce-Gov pr\u00e1vn\u00ed vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed[ja]<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Smlouva o zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zak\u00e1zky je obecn\u00fd term\u00edn pro smlouvy o d\u00edlo a mand\u00e1tn\u00ed smlouvy a je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na pro v\u011bt\u0161inu transakc\u00ed s freelancery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Osoby_spadajici_pod_zakon_o_ochrane_freelanceru\"><\/span>Osoby spadaj\u00edc\u00ed pod z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f se vztahuje na obchodn\u00ed transakce t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se \u00fakol\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed &#8220;specifick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjemce zak\u00e1zek&#8221;. V z\u00e1kon\u011b o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f je definice specifick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edjemce zak\u00e1zek uvedena n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>(\u010cl\u00e1nek 2, odstavec 1)<br>V tomto z\u00e1kon\u011b se term\u00ednem &#8220;specifick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjemce zak\u00e1zek&#8221; rozum\u00ed podnikatel, kter\u00fd je stranou v obchodn\u00edm vztahu t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edm se poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb, a kter\u00fd spl\u0148uje alespo\u0148 jednu z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch podm\u00ednek:<br>1. Jedn\u00e1 se o jednotlivce, kter\u00fd nezam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky.<br>2. Jedn\u00e1 se o pr\u00e1vnickou osobu, kter\u00e1 nem\u00e1 krom\u011b sv\u00e9ho z\u00e1stupce \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dleny veden\u00ed (\u010dleny spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady, \u0159editele, v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 \u0159editele, zam\u011bstnance odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, dozor\u010d\u00ed rady nebo auditory, nebo osoby jim podobn\u00e9, jak je uvedeno v odstavci 6, bod 2) a tak\u00e9 nezam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky.<\/p>\n<cite><a href=\"https:\/\/elaws.e-gov.go.jp\/document?lawid=505AC0000000025_20241101_000000000000000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Z\u00e1kon o zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spravedliv\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch praktik pro specifick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjemce zak\u00e1zek\uff5ce-Gov vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f[ja]<\/a><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Jin\u00fdmi slovy, p\u0159\u00edtomnost nebo absence zam\u011bstnanc\u016f je hlavn\u00edm krit\u00e9riem pro ur\u010den\u00ed, zda je n\u011bkdo pova\u017eov\u00e1n za specifick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edjemce zak\u00e1zek. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ch\u00e1pat, \u017ee term\u00edn freelancer obvykle odkazuje pr\u00e1v\u011b na tyto specifick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjemce zak\u00e1zek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le, podnikatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed zad\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u00fakoly specifick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016fm zak\u00e1zek, jsou ozna\u010dov\u00e1ni jako &#8220;zadavatel\u00e9 zak\u00e1zek&#8221;. Firmy, kter\u00e9 obchoduj\u00ed s freelancery, spadaj\u00ed do t\u00e9to kategorie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hlavni_obsah_zakona_o_ochrane_freelanceru_a_opatreni_ktera_by_mely_podniky_prijmout\"><\/span>Hlavn\u00ed obsah z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f a opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bly podniky p\u0159ijmout<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby podniky p\u0159ijaly ur\u010dit\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed v souladu s obsahem z\u00e1kona, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 se s n\u00edm d\u016fkladn\u011b sezn\u00e1mit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zverejneni_obchodnich_podminek\"><\/span>Zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed obchodn\u00edch podm\u00ednek<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i zad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zak\u00e1zek freelancer\u016fm mus\u00ed podnikatel\u00e9 zve\u0159ejnit obchodn\u00ed podm\u00ednek podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 3 odstavec 1 Z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f (\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u4fdd\u8b77\u6cd5). Zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee prob\u011bhnout p\u00edsemn\u011b nebo elektronicky (nap\u0159\u00edklad e-mailem).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podm\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 je nutn\u00e9 zve\u0159ejnit, jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Obsah pln\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00fd\u0161e odm\u011bny<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Term\u00edn platby<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dal\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky stanoven\u00e9 pravidly Japonsk\u00e9 komise pro spravedliv\u00fd obchod (\u516c\u6b63\u53d6\u5f15\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>I v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee byly obchodn\u00ed podm\u00ednky zve\u0159ejn\u011bny elektronickou formou, mus\u00ed podnikatel\u00e9 na vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed freelancera poskytnout podm\u00ednky tak\u00e9 p\u00edsemn\u011b a to bez zbyte\u010dn\u00e9ho odkladu (tamt\u00e9\u017e odstavec 2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bez ohledu na formu nebo povahu smlouvy se tato pravidla vztahuj\u00ed na v\u0161echny zadavatele prac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Terminy_platby_odmen\"><\/span>Term\u00edny platby odm\u011bn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Podnikatel, kter\u00fd zad\u00e1 pr\u00e1ci, mus\u00ed stanovit term\u00edn platby odm\u011bny do 60 dn\u016f od p\u0159ijet\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed od freelancera a to v co nejkrat\u0161\u00edm mo\u017en\u00e9m term\u00ednu, jak stanov\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek 4 odstavec 1 Z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f (Freelance Protection Act).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed bod tohoto obdob\u00ed nen\u00ed ovlivn\u011bn t\u00edm, zda byla p\u0159ijat\u00e1 slu\u017eba kontrolov\u00e1na \u010di prohl\u00ed\u017eena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho, pokud dojde k p\u0159eveden\u00ed zak\u00e1zky na jin\u00e9ho dodavatele, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt term\u00edn platby odm\u011bny stanoven do 30 dn\u016f od term\u00ednu platby p\u016fvodn\u00ed zak\u00e1zky a to v co nejkrat\u0161\u00edm mo\u017en\u00e9m term\u00ednu, jak stanov\u00ed stejn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek odstavec 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto pravidlo tak\u00e9 zabra\u0148uje zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm v platb\u00e1ch odm\u011bn v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159eveden\u00ed zak\u00e1zky na jin\u00e9ho dodavatele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Povinnosti_dodavatelu_pri_zadavani_zakazek\"><\/span>Povinnosti dodavatel\u016f p\u0159i zad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zak\u00e1zek<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f stanov\u00ed povinnosti dodavatel\u016f p\u0159i zad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zak\u00e1zek na dlouhodobou spolupr\u00e1ci, aby se zajistilo, \u017ee freelancery nebudou znev\u00fdhodn\u011bni (\u010dl\u00e1nek 5 odstavec 1 Z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Povinnosti dodavatel\u016f jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Nesm\u00ed bez zavin\u011bn\u00ed freelancera odm\u00edtnout p\u0159ijet\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nesm\u00ed bez zavin\u011bn\u00ed freelancera sn\u00ed\u017eit odm\u011bnu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nesm\u00ed bez zavin\u011bn\u00ed freelancera po\u017eadovat vr\u00e1cen\u00ed dodan\u00e9ho<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nesm\u00ed neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b stanovit odm\u011bnu v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e je b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 tr\u017en\u00ed cena<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nesm\u00ed bez opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu vynucovat n\u00e1kup zbo\u017e\u00ed nebo vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed slu\u017eeb, kter\u00e9 si s\u00e1m ur\u010d\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le, bez ohledu na d\u00e9lku trv\u00e1n\u00ed zak\u00e1zky, nesm\u00ed zadavatel zak\u00e1zky neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b po\u0161kodit z\u00e1jmy konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho dodavatele t\u011bmito \u010diny (odstavec 2 t\u00e9ho\u017e \u010dl\u00e1nku):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Nesm\u00ed si neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b vynucovat poskytnut\u00ed pen\u011bz, slu\u017eeb nebo jin\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch v\u00fdhod od freelancera pro vlastn\u00ed prosp\u011bch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nesm\u00ed bez zavin\u011bn\u00ed freelancera m\u011bnit obsah pln\u011bn\u00ed nebo vy\u017eadovat jeho opakov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed zak\u00e1zky, na kterou se vztahuje aplikace t\u011bchto pravidel, bude stanovena v budouc\u00edch vl\u00e1dn\u00edch na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Presne_zobrazeni_informaci_o_naboru\"><\/span>P\u0159esn\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed informac\u00ed o n\u00e1boru<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i n\u00e1boru freelancer\u016f je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no uv\u00e1d\u011bt v reklam\u00e1ch nebo jin\u00fdch ozn\u00e1men\u00edch nepravdiv\u00e9 nebo zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed informace (\u010dl\u00e1nek 12 odstavec 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho je nutn\u00e9 udr\u017eovat informace p\u0159esn\u00e9 a aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed (tamt\u00e9\u017e odstavec 2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato regulace zaji\u0161\u0165uje ochranu srovnatelnou s povinnost\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u011bt pracovn\u00ed podm\u00ednky p\u0159i n\u00e1boru pracovn\u00edk\u016f podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o stabilizaci zam\u011bstnanosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zohledneni_tehotenstvi_porodu_pece_o_deti_a_pece_o_zavisle_osoby\"><\/span>Zohledn\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, porodu, p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti a p\u00e9\u010de o z\u00e1visl\u00e9 osoby<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0d113e56c53f686be376a7ec37158bb2.jpg\" alt=\"Zohledn\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, porodu, p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti a p\u00e9\u010de o z\u00e1visl\u00e9 osoby\" class=\"wp-image-88637\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f poskytuje ochranu v oblastech t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, porodu, p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti a p\u00e9\u010de o z\u00e1visl\u00e9 osoby srovnatelnou s ochranou pracovn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zadavatel\u00e9 prac\u00ed jsou povinni zohlednit pot\u0159eby freelancer\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jim sv\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed \u00fakoly na ur\u010ditou dobu, pokud ti podaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dost, aby mohli sv\u00e9 povinnosti vykon\u00e1vat v souladu s t\u011bhotenstv\u00edm, porodem, p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o d\u011bti a p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o z\u00e1visl\u00e9 osoby, a to v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed situaci (Z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f, \u010dl\u00e1nek 13, odstavec 1). P\u0159esn\u00e1 doba, na kterou se toto ustanoven\u00ed vztahuje, bude stanovena v budouc\u00edm na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le, i kdy\u017e doba sv\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u00fakolu freelancerovi nedosahuje doby stanoven\u00e9 vl\u00e1dn\u00edm na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, zadavatel\u00e9 prac\u00ed jsou povinni vyv\u00edjet \u00fasil\u00ed, aby zohlednili pot\u0159eby freelancer\u016f, aby mohli sladit sv\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed povinnosti s p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o d\u011bti a z\u00e1visl\u00e9 osoby, a to v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed situaci (tamt\u00e9\u017e, odstavec 2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zavedeni_opatreni_proti_obtezovani\"><\/span>Zaveden\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Zadavatel\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce mus\u00ed zajistit, aby freelancery neohro\u017eovalo obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v pracovn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, a to z\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm konzulta\u010dn\u00edho mechanismu a dal\u0161\u00edch nezbytn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed (\u010dl\u00e1nek 14 odstavec 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed typy obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed uveden\u00e9 v Japonsk\u00e9m z\u00e1konu o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f zahrnuj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed (sekuhara)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed (matahara)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Psychick\u00e9 obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed (power harassment, pawahara)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Zakazuje se ukon\u010den\u00ed smlouvy nebo jin\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by freelancery znev\u00fdhod\u0148ovalo, na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho, \u017ee se obr\u00e1tili s dotazem ohledn\u011b obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed (t\u00fd\u017e \u010dl\u00e1nek odstavec 2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Oznameni_o_ukonceni_a_podobnych_opatreni\"><\/span>Ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o ukon\u010den\u00ed a podobn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V r\u00e1mci nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o freelancerech byla zavedena pravidla podobn\u00e1 t\u011bm, kter\u00e1 se vztahuj\u00ed na ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o ukon\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00ed smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch obchodn\u00edch vztah\u016f mus\u00ed b\u00fdt freelancer informov\u00e1n o zru\u0161en\u00ed nebo neobnoven\u00ed smlouvy alespo\u0148 30 dn\u00ed p\u0159edem, co\u017e je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pravidlo (\u010dl\u00e1nek 16 odstavec 1 Z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho, pokud freelancer po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o vysv\u011btlen\u00ed d\u016fvod\u016f ukon\u010den\u00ed smlouvy, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt mu tento d\u016fvod bez zbyte\u010dn\u00e9ho odkladu sd\u011blen (tamt\u00e9\u017e odstavec 2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sankce_za_poruseni_Zakona_o_ochrane_freelanceru\"><\/span>Sankce za poru\u0161en\u00ed Z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed Z\u00e1kona o ochran\u011b freelancer\u016f m\u016f\u017ee na z\u00e1klad\u011b hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ze strany freelancera doj\u00edt k inspekci a k doporu\u010den\u00ed \u010di na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nezbytn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed ze strany spr\u00e1vn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud dojde k poru\u0161en\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo je odm\u00edtnuta inspekce, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ulo\u017eena pokuta a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161e 500 000 jen\u016f, co\u017e vy\u017eaduje zv\u00fd\u0161enou pozornost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti_Opatreni_proti_zakonu_na_ochranu_freelanceru_by_mela_byt_konzultovana_s_pravnikem\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed: Opat\u0159en\u00ed proti z\u00e1konu na ochranu freelancer\u016f by m\u011bla b\u00fdt konzultov\u00e1na s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kon na ochranu freelancer\u016f je legislativa, kter\u00e1 stanovuje pravidla pro zadavatele pr\u00e1ce s c\u00edlem vytvo\u0159it stabiln\u00ed pracovn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro freelancery. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 se sezn\u00e1mit s hlavn\u00edmi body, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161it, a s pokyny, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako ukazatel pro aplikaci dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f, a vytvo\u0159it odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak i kdy\u017e byl z\u00e1kon na ochranu freelancer\u016f schv\u00e1len, je t\u0159eba po\u010dkat na v\u00fdvoj podrobn\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f v pravidlech Japonsk\u00e9 komise pro spravedliv\u00fd obchod a na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch Japonsk\u00e9ho ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podniky, kter\u00e9 obchoduj\u00ed s freelancery, budou i nad\u00e1le vyz\u00fdv\u00e1ny k p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. Chybn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k sankc\u00edm a zp\u016fsobit spole\u010dnosti zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161kody. Proto doporu\u010dujeme, aby byla opat\u0159en\u00ed podle z\u00e1kona na ochranu freelancer\u016f konzultov\u00e1na s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem, kter\u00fd poskytne odborn\u00e9 rady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed firma, kter\u00e1 se specializuje na IT, zejm\u00e9na na internet a pr\u00e1vo. V posledn\u00edch letech, s rostouc\u00ed diverzifikac\u00ed pracovn\u00edch metod, se st\u00e1le v\u00edce pozornosti soust\u0159ed\u00ed na pracovn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 poskytuje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v oblasti pracovn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. Podrobnosti naleznete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oblasti pr\u00e1ce Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e Monolith: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/practices\/corporate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby pro IT a startupy[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V posledn\u00edch letech se v d\u016fsledku pracovn\u00edch reforem podporovan\u00fdch Ministerstvem zdravotnictv\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed hodnoty pracuj\u00edc\u00edch lid\u00ed a po\u010det lid\u00ed pracuj\u00edc\u00edch na voln\u00e9 noze rok od roku [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":64772,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,28],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64718"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64718"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64773,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64718\/revisions\/64773"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}