{"id":64825,"date":"2024-12-27T19:31:06","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T10:31:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=64825"},"modified":"2025-01-04T15:46:05","modified_gmt":"2025-01-04T06:46:05","slug":"family-governance-business-succession","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession","title":{"rendered":"Co je rodinn\u00e1 governance, kterou by m\u011bli mana\u017ee\u0159i vytvo\u0159it pro p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016fm s p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00edm majetku a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V podnik\u00e1n\u00ed je ot\u00e1zka p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed majetku a veden\u00ed firmy nevyhnutelnou v\u00fdzvou. V\u00fdb\u011br n\u00e1stupce, rozd\u011blen\u00ed majetku, p\u0159evod \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti &#8211; to v\u0161e jsou slo\u017eit\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 se hromad\u00ed a nelze vylou\u010dit, \u017ee mohou v\u00e9st k rodinn\u00fdm konflikt\u016fm nebo zmatk\u016fm ve firm\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek p\u0159edstavuje tipy, jak tyto probl\u00e9my \u0159e\u0161it zaveden\u00edm rodinn\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a jak zajistit trval\u00fd r\u016fst spole\u010dnosti. D\u00e1le podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btl\u00edme, na co by se m\u011bli mana\u017ee\u0159i zam\u011b\u0159it p\u0159i tvorb\u011b z\u00e1v\u011bti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Vyznam_budovani_pravidel_pro_spravu_majetku_a_podnikani_v_ramci_rodinneho_rizeni_pro_manazery\" title=\"V\u00fdznam budov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel pro spr\u00e1vu majetku a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci rodinn\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro mana\u017eery\">V\u00fdznam budov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel pro spr\u00e1vu majetku a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci rodinn\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro mana\u017eery<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Dulezitost_predani_majetku_a_podnikani_pro_manazery\" title=\"D\u016fle\u017eitost p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed majetku a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed pro mana\u017eery\">D\u016fle\u017eitost p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed majetku a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed pro mana\u017eery<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Nutnost_vytvoreni_zaveti\" title=\"Nutnost vytvo\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti\">Nutnost vytvo\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Opatreni_potrebna_pri_vytvareni_zaveti\" title=\"Opat\u0159en\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti\">Opat\u0159en\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Dulezitost_opatreni_proti_poruseni_povinneho_dedickeho_podilu_pri_predani_majetku_a_podnikani\" title=\"D\u016fle\u017eitost opat\u0159en\u00ed proti poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu p\u0159i p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed majetku a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed\">D\u016fle\u017eitost opat\u0159en\u00ed proti poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu p\u0159i p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed majetku a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Co_je_poruseni_povinneho_dedickeho_podilu\" title=\"Co je poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu\">Co je poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Proc_by_manazeri_meli_prijimat_opatreni_proti_problemum_s_porusenim_povinneho_dedickeho_podilu\" title=\"Pro\u010d by mana\u017ee\u0159i m\u011bli p\u0159ij\u00edmat opat\u0159en\u00ed proti probl\u00e9m\u016fm s poru\u0161en\u00edm povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu\">Pro\u010d by mana\u017ee\u0159i m\u011bli p\u0159ij\u00edmat opat\u0159en\u00ed proti probl\u00e9m\u016fm s poru\u0161en\u00edm povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Na_co_si_dat_pozor_pri_zvazovani_opatreni\" title=\"Na co si d\u00e1t pozor p\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed\">Na co si d\u00e1t pozor p\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Klicove_body_ktere_byste_meli_znat_pri_zvazovani_opatreni_proti_poruseni_povinneho_dedickeho_podilu\" title=\"Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body, kter\u00e9 byste m\u011bli zn\u00e1t p\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body, kter\u00e9 byste m\u011bli zn\u00e1t p\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Metoda_vypoctu_castky_poruseni_povinneho_dedickeho_podilu\" title=\"Metoda v\u00fdpo\u010dtu \u010d\u00e1stky poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu\">Metoda v\u00fdpo\u010dtu \u010d\u00e1stky poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Spor_o_to_zda_darovani_spada_do_kategorie_zvlastnich_vyhod\" title=\"Spor o to, zda darov\u00e1n\u00ed spad\u00e1 do kategorie zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch v\u00fdhod\">Spor o to, zda darov\u00e1n\u00ed spad\u00e1 do kategorie zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch v\u00fdhod<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Spor_o_to_zda_bylo_darovani_provedeno_v_ramci_stanoveneho_obdobi\" title=\"Spor o to, zda bylo darov\u00e1n\u00ed provedeno v r\u00e1mci stanoven\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed\">Spor o to, zda bylo darov\u00e1n\u00ed provedeno v r\u00e1mci stanoven\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Spor_o_hodnoceni_hodnoty_daru\" title=\"Spor o hodnocen\u00ed hodnoty daru\">Spor o hodnocen\u00ed hodnoty daru<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Jak_resit_naroky_na_povinny_dil\" title=\"Jak \u0159e\u0161it n\u00e1roky na povinn\u00fd d\u00edl\">Jak \u0159e\u0161it n\u00e1roky na povinn\u00fd d\u00edl<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Dedictvi_a_darovani_majetku_krome_akcii\" title=\"D\u011bdictv\u00ed a darov\u00e1n\u00ed majetku krom\u011b akci\u00ed\">D\u011bdictv\u00ed a darov\u00e1n\u00ed majetku krom\u011b akci\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Vyjednavani_o_zreknuti_se_povinneho_dedickeho_podilu\" title=\"Vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed o z\u0159eknut\u00ed se povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu\">Vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed o z\u0159eknut\u00ed se povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Pevna_a_vylucujici_dohoda_podle_Zakona_o_hladkem_prechodu_podnikani_Zakon_o_usnadneni_prechodu_vedeni_malych_a_strednich_podniku\" title=\"Pevn\u00e1 a vylu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed dohoda podle Z\u00e1kona o hladk\u00e9m p\u0159echodu podnik\u00e1n\u00ed (Z\u00e1kon o usnadn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159echodu veden\u00ed mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch podnik\u016f)\">Pevn\u00e1 a vylu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed dohoda podle Z\u00e1kona o hladk\u00e9m p\u0159echodu podnik\u00e1n\u00ed (Z\u00e1kon o usnadn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159echodu veden\u00ed mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch podnik\u016f)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Darovani_vlastnich_akcii_za_zivota\" title=\"Darov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edch akci\u00ed za \u017eivota\">Darov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edch akci\u00ed za \u017eivota<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Pri_onerosnim_prevodu_venujte_pozornost_protiplneni\" title=\"P\u0159i onerosn\u00edm p\u0159evodu v\u011bnujte pozornost protipln\u011bn\u00ed\">P\u0159i onerosn\u00edm p\u0159evodu v\u011bnujte pozornost protipln\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Opatrne_vyuziti_zivotniho_pojisteni\" title=\"Opatrn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed\">Opatrn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Vyuziti_odstupneho_v_pripade_umrti\" title=\"Vyu\u017eit\u00ed odstupn\u00e9ho v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00famrt\u00ed\">Vyu\u017eit\u00ed odstupn\u00e9ho v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00famrt\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Vyjadreni_vule_v_dodatku_k_zaveti\" title=\"Vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed v\u016fle v dodatku k z\u00e1v\u011bti\">Vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed v\u016fle v dodatku k z\u00e1v\u011bti<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Jak_se_vyporadat_s_tvorbou_zaveti_v_pripade_sporu_o_jeji_neplatnost\" title=\"Jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s tvorbou z\u00e1v\u011bti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b spor\u016f o jej\u00ed neplatnost\">Jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s tvorbou z\u00e1v\u011bti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b spor\u016f o jej\u00ed neplatnost<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Vyznam_reseni_naroku_na_neplatnost_zaveti\" title=\"V\u00fdznam \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1rok\u016f na neplatnost z\u00e1v\u011bti\">V\u00fdznam \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1rok\u016f na neplatnost z\u00e1v\u011bti<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Nedostatek_zpusobilosti_k_sepsani_zaveti_jako_duvod_neplatnosti_a_opatreni\" title=\"Nedostatek zp\u016fsobilosti k seps\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti jako d\u016fvod neplatnosti a opat\u0159en\u00ed\">Nedostatek zp\u016fsobilosti k seps\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti jako d\u016fvod neplatnosti a opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Nedostatek_vlastnorucnosti_u_vlastnorucni_zaveti_jako_duvod_neplatnosti_a_opatreni\" title=\"Nedostatek vlastnoru\u010dnosti u vlastnoru\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti jako d\u016fvod neplatnosti a opat\u0159en\u00ed\">Nedostatek vlastnoru\u010dnosti u vlastnoru\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti jako d\u016fvod neplatnosti a opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Nedostatek_ustniho_projevu_u_notarsky_overene_zaveti_jako_duvod_neplatnosti_a_opatreni\" title=\"Nedostatek \u00fastn\u00edho projevu u not\u00e1\u0159sky ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bti jako d\u016fvod neplatnosti a opat\u0159en\u00ed\">Nedostatek \u00fastn\u00edho projevu u not\u00e1\u0159sky ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bti jako d\u016fvod neplatnosti a opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Shrnuti_Majitele_firem_by_meli_konzultovat_planovani_dedictvi_a_nastupnictvi_s_pravnikem\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed: Majitel\u00e9 firem by m\u011bli konzultovat pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed a n\u00e1stupnictv\u00ed s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem\">Shrnut\u00ed: Majitel\u00e9 firem by m\u011bli konzultovat pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed a n\u00e1stupnictv\u00ed s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/family-governance-business-succession\/#Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyznam_budovani_pravidel_pro_spravu_majetku_a_podnikani_v_ramci_rodinneho_rizeni_pro_manazery\"><\/span>V\u00fdznam budov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel pro spr\u00e1vu majetku a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci rodinn\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro mana\u017eery<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V r\u00e1mci budov\u00e1n\u00ed rodinn\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vysv\u011btl\u00edme v\u00fdznam, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 pro mana\u017eery p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o opat\u0159en\u00edch pro p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed majetku a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a o d\u016fle\u017eitosti z\u00e1v\u011bti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dulezitost_predani_majetku_a_podnikani_pro_manazery\"><\/span>D\u016fle\u017eitost p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed majetku a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed pro mana\u017eery<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud mana\u017ee\u0159i cht\u011bj\u00ed zajistit, aby se podnik i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jejich ne\u010dekan\u00e9ho \u00famrt\u00ed nebo neschopnosti \u0159\u00eddit d\u00e1le \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b vedl, je nezbytn\u00e9 p\u0159edem p\u0159ipravit opat\u0159en\u00ed pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f s p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00edm majetku a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed majetku a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed mana\u017eer\u016f se \u010dasto setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi situacemi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Charakteristick\u00e9 rysy mana\u017eer\u016f<\/td><td>Mo\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Existuje mnoho z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran zapojen\u00fdch do \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/td><td>\u00b7 Z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9 strany se snadno dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do spor\u016f<br>\u00b7 V\u011b\u0159itel\u00e9 mohou m\u00edt probl\u00e9my, pokud je majetek po\u0161kozen<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>V\u011bt\u0161inu majetku tvo\u0159\u00ed akcie vlastn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti<\/td><td>Pokud podnik nen\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b \u0159\u00edzen, hodnota majetku kles\u00e1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby se mana\u017ee\u0159i vyhnuli ztr\u00e1t\u011b majetku nebo zmatk\u016fm mezi z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdmi stranami, je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ipravit se na hladk\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti a zajistit stabiln\u00ed pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/family-governance-building\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jak\u00e9 obsahy by mana\u017ee\u0159i m\u011bli navrhnout v r\u00e1mci rodinn\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed? Podrobn\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed metod budov\u00e1n\u00ed a spr\u00e1vy[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nutnost_vytvoreni_zaveti\"><\/span>Nutnost vytvo\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f s p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00edm majetku a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165. Pokud z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165 neexistuje, d\u011bdictv\u00ed se v z\u00e1sad\u011b p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1konn\u00fdm d\u011bdic\u016fm podle z\u00e1konn\u00fdch d\u011bdick\u00fdch pod\u00edl\u016f. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b d\u011bdictv\u00ed bez z\u00e1v\u011bti je nezbytn\u00e1 dohoda o rozd\u011blen\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se \u010dasto st\u00e1v\u00e1 zdrojem spor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mana\u017ee\u0159i vlastn\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy majetku, jako jsou nemovitosti nebo akcie. Pokud se alespo\u0148 jeden \u010dlov\u011bk postav\u00ed proti zp\u016fsobu hodnocen\u00ed nebo rozd\u011blen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch aktiv, m\u016f\u017ee to v\u00e9st k soudn\u00edm spor\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prohlouben\u00ed konflikt\u016f zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch spory m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd negativn\u00ed dopad na hladk\u00e9 veden\u00ed podniku a ochranu majetku, proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159edem stanovit obsah d\u011bdictv\u00ed v z\u00e1v\u011bti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Opatreni_potrebna_pri_vytvareni_zaveti\"><\/span>Opat\u0159en\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/a244a9f52d2118481fc0af1aca2128db.jpg\" alt=\"Opat\u0159en\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti\" class=\"wp-image-118574\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak bylo uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, vytvo\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti je pro mana\u017eery nezbytn\u00e9. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, samotn\u00e9 vytvo\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti nezaru\u010duje vhodn\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed, a proto jsou vy\u017eadov\u00e1na dal\u0161\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u016fvodem je mo\u017enost, \u017ee obsah z\u00e1v\u011bti vyvol\u00e1 odpor a povede ke spor\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nespokojenosti s n\u00e1stupcem podniku nebo boj\u016f mezi frakcemi m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k situaci, kdy se vyu\u017eije n\u00e1rok na poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u00edlu nebo se zpochybn\u00ed platnost z\u00e1v\u011bti, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke konflikt\u016fm. P\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti je nezbytn\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eit opat\u0159en\u00ed s ohledem na mo\u017en\u00e9 spory o poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u00edlu nebo o neplatnost z\u00e1v\u011bti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho, pokud da\u0148ov\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad zam\u00edtne da\u0148ov\u00e9 dohody b\u011bhem da\u0148ov\u00e9 kontroly, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e9 bojovat s da\u0148ov\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159ady, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 realizovat p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed majetku a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed podle p\u0159edstav.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 sd\u00edlet znalosti s d\u011bdici, aby byli p\u0159ipraveni bojovat v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee dojde ke konfliktu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dulezitost_opatreni_proti_poruseni_povinneho_dedickeho_podilu_pri_predani_majetku_a_podnikani\"><\/span>D\u016fle\u017eitost opat\u0159en\u00ed proti poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu p\u0159i p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed majetku a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e mana\u017ee\u0159i, jejich\u017e majetek zahrnuje pod\u00edly vlastn\u00ed firmy, sepisuj\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165, \u010dasto se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed s probl\u00e9mem &#8220;poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu&#8221;. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku vysv\u011btl\u00edme, co poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu znamen\u00e1 a pro\u010d je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby mana\u017ee\u0159i p\u0159i p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed majetku a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmali opat\u0159en\u00ed proti tomuto poru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_poruseni_povinneho_dedickeho_podilu\"><\/span>Co je poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Povinn\u00fd d\u011bdick\u00fd pod\u00edl je \u010d\u00e1st majetku z\u016fstavitele, kter\u00e1 je z\u00e1konem vyhrazena ur\u010dit\u00fdm d\u011bdic\u016fm a nad kterou z\u016fstavitel nem\u016f\u017ee voln\u011b disponovat. Naopak, \u010d\u00e1st majetku, s n\u00ed\u017e m\u016f\u017ee z\u016fstavitel disponovat bez omezen\u00ed, se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 voln\u00fd pod\u00edl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu nast\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e z\u016fstavitel rozd\u011bl\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e sv\u016fj voln\u00fd pod\u00edl a d\u011bdicov\u00e9 tak nedostanou tolik, kolik jim z\u00e1konem n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed jako povinn\u00fd d\u011bdick\u00fd pod\u00edl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165, kter\u00e1 poru\u0161uje povinn\u00fd d\u011bdick\u00fd pod\u00edl, nen\u00ed neplatn\u00e1. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b d\u011bdicov\u00e9, jejich\u017e povinn\u00fd d\u011bdick\u00fd pod\u00edl byl poru\u0161en, mohou po\u017eadovat od osob, kter\u00fdm z\u016fstavitel (v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se jedn\u00e1 o mana\u017eery) odk\u00e1zal majetek nebo daroval, n\u00e1hradu ve v\u00fd\u0161i poru\u0161en\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu. Tento po\u017eadavek se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u00e1rok na poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Proc_by_manazeri_meli_prijimat_opatreni_proti_problemum_s_porusenim_povinneho_dedickeho_podilu\"><\/span>Pro\u010d by mana\u017ee\u0159i m\u011bli p\u0159ij\u00edmat opat\u0159en\u00ed proti probl\u00e9m\u016fm s poru\u0161en\u00edm povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e dojde k n\u00e1roku na poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu, m\u016f\u017ee to naru\u0161it hladk\u00fd p\u0159echod podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, jak bylo pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no, a proto je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mana\u017ee\u0159i \u010dasto vlastn\u00ed velkou \u010d\u00e1st akci\u00ed sv\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a mohou se rozhodnout soust\u0159edit tyto akcie na ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1stupce, aby zajistili hladk\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed podniku. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k nerovnosti mezi n\u00e1stupcem a ostatn\u00edmi d\u011bdici a m\u016f\u017ee vy\u00fastit ve spory o poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nav\u00edc m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1stupce, kter\u00fd mus\u00ed vyplatit n\u00e1hradu za poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu, b\u00fdt nucen prodat p\u0159evzat\u00e9 akcie t\u0159et\u00ed stran\u011b. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee ne\u010dekan\u00fd t\u0159et\u00ed subjekt z\u00edsk\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dast v podniku, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee naru\u0161it navr\u017een\u00e9 rodinn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed podniku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo probl\u00e9m\u016fm zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm poru\u0161en\u00edm povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159ed seps\u00e1n\u00edm z\u00e1v\u011bti promyslet mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fsledky a zv\u00e1\u017eit opat\u0159en\u00ed k p\u0159edch\u00e1zen\u00ed spor\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Na_co_si_dat_pozor_pri_zvazovani_opatreni\"><\/span>Na co si d\u00e1t pozor p\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti n\u00e1roku na poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edt na pam\u011bti v\u00fdznam syst\u00e9mu povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu. Jeho smyslem je chr\u00e1nit ur\u010dit\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bdic\u016f v\u016f\u010di d\u011bdictv\u00ed, jako je zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jejich \u017eivobyt\u00ed. Syst\u00e9m zaji\u0161\u0165uje spravedlnost mezi d\u011bdici a chr\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va z\u00e1konn\u00fdch d\u011bdic\u016f v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee by byla seps\u00e1na neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e1 z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ignoruj\u00ed tyto p\u0159edpoklady, nejsou v souladu s platn\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem a jsou ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1. Aby byla opat\u0159en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pln\u011b respektovat obsah a v\u00fdznam sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Klicove_body_ktere_byste_meli_znat_pri_zvazovani_opatreni_proti_poruseni_povinneho_dedickeho_podilu\"><\/span>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body, kter\u00e9 byste m\u011bli zn\u00e1t p\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159edv\u00eddat, zda a do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry m\u016f\u017ee pl\u00e1n d\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed povinn\u00fd d\u011bdick\u00fd pod\u00edl poru\u0161it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zde vysv\u011btl\u00edme kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body, kter\u00e9 byste m\u011bli zn\u00e1t p\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Metoda_vypoctu_castky_poruseni_povinneho_dedickeho_podilu\"><\/span>Metoda v\u00fdpo\u010dtu \u010d\u00e1stky poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010c\u00e1stka poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu se vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm vzorcem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p>Povinn\u00fd d\u011bdick\u00fd pod\u00edl (\u010d\u00e1stka majetku tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro v\u00fdpo\u010det \u00d7 individu\u00e1ln\u00ed sazba povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu)<br>\u2212 Hodnota d\u011bdictv\u00ed nebo daru pro \u017eivotn\u00ed pot\u0159eby, kterou obdr\u017eel opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd d\u011bdic<br>\u2212 Hodnota majetku z\u00edskan\u00e9ho d\u011bd\u011bn\u00edm opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdm d\u011bdicem<br>+ \u010c\u00e1stka dluhu, kterou p\u0159evezme opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd d\u011bdic<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edm procesu je \u201e\u010d\u00e1stka majetku tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro v\u00fdpo\u010det\u201c polo\u017ekou, kter\u00e1 je \u010dasto p\u0159edm\u011btem spor\u016f. Tato \u010d\u00e1stka zahrnuje celkovou hodnotu majetku, kter\u00fd z\u016fstavitel vlastnil v dob\u011b zah\u00e1jen\u00ed d\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed, a hodnotu darovan\u00e9ho majetku, po ode\u010dten\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho dluhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u016fvody, pro\u010d je \u201e\u010d\u00e1stka majetku tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro v\u00fdpo\u010det\u201c \u010dasto p\u0159edm\u011btem spor\u016f, jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u011b ohodnotit tr\u017en\u00ed hodnotu majetku<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Existuj\u00ed rozd\u00edln\u00e9 interpretace ohledn\u011b rozsahu a hodnoty dar\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt vr\u00e1ceny<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Vr\u00e1cen\u00ed znamen\u00e1, \u017ee darov\u00e1n\u00ed majetku, kter\u00e9 prob\u011bhlo kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm d\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed, se p\u0159ipo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 k majetku z\u016fstavitele pro \u00fa\u010dely d\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed spor\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se vr\u00e1cen\u00ed naleznete n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Spor_o_to_zda_darovani_spada_do_kategorie_zvlastnich_vyhod\"><\/span>Spor o to, zda darov\u00e1n\u00ed spad\u00e1 do kategorie zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch v\u00fdhod<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>U darov\u00e1n\u00ed majetku d\u011bdic\u016fm se do z\u00e1kladu pro v\u00fdpo\u010det povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze \u201ezvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdhody\u201c. Proto je rozhodnut\u00ed, zda povaha daru odpov\u00edd\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdhod\u011b, velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dary, kter\u00e9 se pova\u017euj\u00ed za zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdhody, zahrnuj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Darov\u00e1n\u00ed z d\u016fvodu s\u0148atku<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Darov\u00e1n\u00ed z d\u016fvodu adopce<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Darov\u00e1n\u00ed jako kapit\u00e1l pro \u017eivotn\u00ed pot\u0159eby<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Darov\u00e1n\u00ed jako kapit\u00e1l pro \u017eivotn\u00ed pot\u0159eby zahrnuje majetkov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako \u0161irok\u00fd z\u00e1klad pro \u017eivot, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky nebo domov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161ak je t\u0159eba pochopit, \u017ee konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed o tom, co je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdhodu, se prov\u00e1d\u00ed s ohledem na individu\u00e1ln\u00ed okolnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Spor_o_to_zda_bylo_darovani_provedeno_v_ramci_stanoveneho_obdobi\"><\/span>Spor o to, zda bylo darov\u00e1n\u00ed provedeno v r\u00e1mci stanoven\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Do z\u00e1kladu pro v\u00fdpo\u010det povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu se zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze dary, kter\u00e9 byly ud\u011bleny v ur\u010dit\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To je zp\u016fsobeno t\u00edm, \u017ee dary osob\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 nejsou d\u011bdici, se zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze pokud byly ud\u011bleny do jednoho roku od zah\u00e1jen\u00ed d\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdhody ud\u011blen\u00e9 d\u011bdic\u016fm se zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze pokud byly ud\u011blen\u00e9 do deseti let p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm d\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed, podle ustanoven\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krit\u00e9riem pro ur\u010den\u00ed \u010dasu darov\u00e1n\u00ed je doba uzav\u0159en\u00ed darovac\u00ed smlouvy. \u010cas, kdy bylo darov\u00e1n\u00ed spln\u011bno, nen\u00ed relevantn\u00ed, proto je t\u0159eba b\u00fdt opatrn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho existuje v\u00fdjimka, kdy\u017e ob\u011b strany daru v\u011bd\u011bly, \u017ee dar po\u0161kod\u00ed pr\u00e1va na povinn\u00fd d\u011bdick\u00fd pod\u00edl, v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se \u010dasov\u00e9 omezen\u00ed neuplat\u0148uje. P\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o tom, co se zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 do vr\u00e1cen\u00ed, je t\u0159eba posoudit, kdy bylo darov\u00e1n\u00ed provedeno a zda strany v\u011bd\u011bly o mo\u017en\u00e9m poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Spor_o_hodnoceni_hodnoty_daru\"><\/span>Spor o hodnocen\u00ed hodnoty daru<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hodnota daru, kter\u00fd se zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 do vr\u00e1cen\u00ed, je hodnota v dob\u011b zah\u00e1jen\u00ed d\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee i kdy\u017e p\u0159\u00edjemce daru zp\u016fsobil z\u00e1nik nebo zm\u011bnu hodnoty majetku, pro \u00fa\u010dely hodnocen\u00ed se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee majetek z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v p\u016fvodn\u00edm stavu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee zanikl\u00fd majetek zahrnuje nap\u0159\u00edklad neve\u0159ejn\u011b obchodovan\u00e9 akcie, je hodnocen\u00ed v dob\u011b d\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 a n\u00e1zory obou stran se \u010dasto rozch\u00e1zej\u00ed. Hodnocen\u00ed v dob\u011b zah\u00e1jen\u00ed d\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed je zn\u00e1mo pouze v tom okam\u017eiku, proto je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 m\u00edt p\u0159i tvorb\u011b z\u00e1v\u011bti p\u0159esn\u00fd p\u0159ehled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jak_resit_naroky_na_povinny_dil\"><\/span>Jak \u0159e\u0161it n\u00e1roky na povinn\u00fd d\u00edl<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1rok\u016f na povinn\u00fd d\u00edl zva\u017eujeme n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed postup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>D\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed a darov\u00e1n\u00ed majetku krom\u011b akci\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vzd\u00e1n\u00ed se pr\u00e1va na povinn\u00fd d\u00edl<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed pevn\u00fdch a vylu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch dohod podle Z\u00e1kona o hladk\u00e9m p\u0159echodu podnik\u00e1n\u00ed (Smooth Business Succession Law)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed darov\u00e1n\u00ed za \u017eivota<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed onerosn\u00edho p\u0159evodu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed odstupn\u00e9ho v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00famrt\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed dodatk\u016f k z\u00e1v\u011bti<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka\u017edou z t\u011bchto mo\u017enost\u00ed podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btl\u00edme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dedictvi_a_darovani_majetku_krome_akcii\"><\/span>D\u011bdictv\u00ed a darov\u00e1n\u00ed majetku krom\u011b akci\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s n\u00e1roky na povinn\u00fd d\u00edl, je vytvo\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edejde jak\u00e9mukoli naru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad lze zv\u00e1\u017eit mo\u017enost d\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed nebo darov\u00e1n\u00ed majetku jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e akci\u00ed ostatn\u00edm opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdm osob\u00e1m k povinn\u00e9mu d\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je v\u0161ak nutn\u00e9 vz\u00edt v \u00favahu mo\u017enost zm\u011bny hodnoty d\u011bdick\u00e9ho majetku. Pokud by po vytvo\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti do\u0161lo k n\u00e1r\u016fstu hodnoty akci\u00ed, mohlo by p\u0159i otev\u0159en\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed doj\u00edt k neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9mu naru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud chcete vytvo\u0159it z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165, kter\u00e1 nezp\u016fsob\u00ed naru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u00edlu, je nezbytn\u00e9 p\u0159edv\u00eddat budouc\u00ed hodnotu majetku, kter\u00fd bude slou\u017eit jako z\u00e1klad pro v\u00fdpo\u010det povinn\u00e9ho d\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyjednavani_o_zreknuti_se_povinneho_dedickeho_podilu\"><\/span>Vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed o z\u0159eknut\u00ed se povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se nelze vyhnout situaci, kdy dojde k poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v na povinn\u00fd d\u011bdick\u00fd pod\u00edl, jednou z mo\u017enost\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed o z\u0159eknut\u00ed se tohoto pod\u00edlu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o z\u0159eknut\u00ed se povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu prob\u00edh\u00e1 a\u017e po smrti z\u016fstavitele. Jeliko\u017e jedn\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 mezi stranami, kter\u00e9 se mohou nach\u00e1zet v konfliktu z\u00e1jm\u016f, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tento proces komplikovan\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee z\u0159eknut\u00ed se povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu je mo\u017en\u00e9 i p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm d\u011bdick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat soudn\u00ed povolen\u00ed pro p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 z\u0159eknut\u00ed se, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt spln\u011bny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed podm\u00ednky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Povinn\u00fd d\u011bdic se z\u0159\u00edk\u00e1 sv\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu zcela dobrovoln\u011b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Existuje objektivn\u00ed racion\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u016fvod zalo\u017een\u00fd na principu d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdice nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt z\u0159eknut\u00ed se pod\u00edlu v\u00fdhodn\u00e9, a proto je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat jeho aktivn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 z\u0159eknut\u00ed se \u010dasto uskute\u010d\u0148uje pod veden\u00edm rodinn\u00e9ho governance nebo vedouc\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f spole\u010dnosti, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed relativn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl b\u00fdt aktivn\u011b zva\u017eov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pevna_a_vylucujici_dohoda_podle_Zakona_o_hladkem_prechodu_podnikani_Zakon_o_usnadneni_prechodu_vedeni_malych_a_strednich_podniku\"><\/span>Pevn\u00e1 a vylu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed dohoda podle Z\u00e1kona o hladk\u00e9m p\u0159echodu podnik\u00e1n\u00ed (Z\u00e1kon o usnadn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159echodu veden\u00ed mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch podnik\u016f)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud nedojde k souhlasu s vzd\u00e1n\u00edm se povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu, m\u011bli byste zv\u00e1\u017eit vyu\u017eit\u00ed pevn\u00e9 nebo vylu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed dohody podle Z\u00e1kona o hladk\u00e9m p\u0159echodu podnik\u00e1n\u00ed (Z\u00e1kona o usnadn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159echodu veden\u00ed mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch podnik\u016f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uzav\u0159en\u00edm vylu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed dohody se akcie, na kter\u00e9 se dohoda vztahuje, stanou nezp\u016fsobil\u00fdmi k n\u00e1roku na poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pevn\u00e1 dohoda zase zafixuje hodnotu akci\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem dohody, k okam\u017eiku uzav\u0159en\u00ed dohody, a p\u0159i n\u00e1roku na poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu se ji\u017e nebude br\u00e1t v \u00favahu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1sledn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst jejich hodnoty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee i kdy\u017e hodnota akci\u00ed vzroste p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm d\u011bdick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nezv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed se t\u00edm \u010d\u00e1stka povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu pro osoby, kter\u00e9 nejsou n\u00e1stupci, a t\u00edm odpadnou i spory o zp\u016fsobu hodnocen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vylu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed a pevn\u00e1 dohoda mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 pou\u017eity spole\u010dn\u011b. Tato flexibilita umo\u017e\u0148uje r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy, ale vy\u017eaduje souhlas v\u0161ech p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdch d\u011bdic\u016f a n\u00e1stupce, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Darovani_vlastnich_akcii_za_zivota\"><\/span>Darov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edch akci\u00ed za \u017eivota<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/c8bcd02ea307886d03cfa78312978f55.jpg\" alt=\"Zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed darov\u00e1n\u00ed za \u017eivota\" class=\"wp-image-118577\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Darov\u00e1n\u00ed majetku za \u017eivota v rozsahu, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed zahrnut do z\u00e1kladu pro v\u00fdpo\u010det povinn\u00e9ho d\u00edlu, a p\u0159evod vlastn\u00edch akci\u00ed je jedn\u00edm ze zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s naru\u0161en\u00edm povinn\u00e9ho d\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed darov\u00e1n\u00ed za \u017eivota je nutn\u00e9 pl\u00e1novat a prov\u00e1d\u011bt darov\u00e1n\u00ed s ohledem na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Rozsah, kter\u00fd podl\u00e9h\u00e1 vracen\u00ed p\u0159i ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladu pro v\u00fdpo\u010det n\u00e1roku na poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u00edlu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Po\u0159ad\u00ed darov\u00e1n\u00ed a odkaz\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159edm\u011btem n\u00e1roku na poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u00edlu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Je pot\u0159eba pe\u010dliv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravy, ale pokud je pl\u00e1n dob\u0159e promy\u0161len\u00fd, je to \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak postupovat v souladu s p\u0159edstavami o p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed majetku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pri_onerosnim_prevodu_venujte_pozornost_protiplneni\"><\/span>P\u0159i onerosn\u00edm p\u0159evodu v\u011bnujte pozornost protipln\u011bn\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed hodnoty d\u011bdick\u00e9ho majetku, je mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st da\u0148ov\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm onerosn\u00edho p\u0159evodu za \u017eivota. Tento onerosn\u00ed p\u0159evod za \u017eivota m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro strategii zachov\u00e1n\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u016fvodem je, \u017ee do v\u00fdpo\u010dtu naru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u00edlu se zahrnuj\u00ed pouze hodnoty majetku p\u0159eveden\u00e9ho bezplatn\u011b, zat\u00edmco majetek p\u0159eveden\u00fd za \u00faplatu naru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u00edlu neovliv\u0148uje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba si b\u00fdt v\u011bdom, \u017ee pokud protipln\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159evodu nen\u00ed adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed tr\u017en\u00ed hodnot\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee se st\u00e1t p\u0159edm\u011btem n\u00e1vratu. Proto je nezbytn\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159it a uspo\u0159\u00e1dat adekv\u00e1tnost protipln\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Opatrne_vyuziti_zivotniho_pojisteni\"><\/span>Opatrn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i opat\u0159en\u00edch proti poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jednou z mo\u017enost\u00ed. V\u00fdplata z \u017eivotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed se nezapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 do zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch v\u00fdhod p\u0159i v\u00fdpo\u010dtu povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu. Tak\u00e9 se st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee \u017eivotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no s c\u00edlem zajistit dostate\u010dn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky pro p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak v\u00fdplata z \u017eivotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b zahrnuta do povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu, a proto nen\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jako opat\u0159en\u00ed zcela spolehliv\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm je t\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee \u017eivotn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v zabezpe\u010den\u00ed rodinn\u00e9ho \u017eivota a dal\u0161\u00edch d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch aspekt\u016f, a proto by jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed jako opat\u0159en\u00ed proti poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu m\u011blo b\u00fdt pe\u010dliv\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eeno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyuziti_odstupneho_v_pripade_umrti\"><\/span>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed odstupn\u00e9ho v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00famrt\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Odstupn\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00famrt\u00ed lze vyu\u017e\u00edt i jako opat\u0159en\u00ed proti n\u00e1roku na povinn\u00fd d\u00edl. Pokud je odstupn\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00famrt\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed, je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b zahrnuto do majetku, kter\u00fd se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 pro v\u00fdpo\u010det povinn\u00e9ho d\u00edlu, a proto je rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed, zda je odstupn\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00famrt\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s odstupn\u00fdm v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00famrt\u00ed se m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch okolnostech, a proto nelze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee je to spolehliv\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed proti n\u00e1roku na povinn\u00fd d\u00edl. Stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eit, \u017ee odstupn\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00famrt\u00ed hraje v\u00fdznamnou roli v zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivota rodiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyjadreni_vule_v_dodatku_k_zaveti\"><\/span>Vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed v\u016fle v dodatku k z\u00e1v\u011bti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dodatek k z\u00e1v\u011bti slou\u017e\u00ed k vysv\u011btlen\u00ed pozad\u00ed a nuanc\u00ed obsahu z\u00e1v\u011bti, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159edat z\u016fstavitelovu v\u016fli p\u0159\u00edjemci z\u00e1v\u011bti. D\u00edky tomu mohou osoby opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 k povinn\u00e9mu d\u00edlu l\u00e9pe pochopit z\u00e1m\u011br z\u00e1v\u011bti, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k jejich porozum\u011bn\u00ed a spolupr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 s\u00edla tomuto dodatku nen\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed, m\u00e1 pouze faktickou \u00fa\u010dinnost. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, pokud rodinn\u00e1 spr\u00e1va funguje efektivn\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt tento dodatek zna\u010dn\u00fd vliv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podrobn\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed obsahu darov\u00e1n\u00ed za \u017eivota a hodnoty majetku z pohledu z\u016fstavitele m\u016f\u017ee pomoci zabr\u00e1nit z\u00e1va\u017enosti spor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jak_se_vyporadat_s_tvorbou_zaveti_v_pripade_sporu_o_jeji_neplatnost\"><\/span>Jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s tvorbou z\u00e1v\u011bti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b spor\u016f o jej\u00ed neplatnost<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/fa0b4f8a202c28af895cd77e82738dc6.jpg\" alt=\"Jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s tvorbou z\u00e1v\u011bti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b spor\u016f o jej\u00ed neplatnost\" class=\"wp-image-118576\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i tvorb\u011b z\u00e1v\u011bti by mana\u017ee\u0159i m\u011bli zv\u00e1\u017eit nejen opat\u0159en\u00ed proti n\u00e1rok\u016fm na povinn\u00fd d\u00edl, ale tak\u00e9 jak se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat se spory o neplatnost z\u00e1v\u011bti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyznam_reseni_naroku_na_neplatnost_zaveti\"><\/span>V\u00fdznam \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1rok\u016f na neplatnost z\u00e1v\u011bti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1rok na neplatnost z\u00e1v\u011bti znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pokud existuje spor o platnost z\u00e1v\u011bti, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165 napadena jako neplatn\u00e1. Existuje mnoho d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165 neplatn\u00e1, nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Chyb\u00ed zp\u016fsobilost k seps\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nen\u00ed spln\u011bna z\u00e1konn\u00e1 podm\u00ednka z\u00e1v\u011bti<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do\u0161lo k omylu, podvodu nebo poru\u0161en\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho po\u0159\u00e1dku a dobr\u00fdch mrav\u016f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165 byla odvol\u00e1na<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obsah z\u00e1v\u011bti nelze ur\u010dit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kazu spole\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bti<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud je neplatnost z\u00e1v\u011bti potvrzena, d\u011bdictv\u00ed se rozd\u011bl\u00ed, jako by z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165 neexistovala. D\u011blen\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k dal\u0161\u00edm spor\u016fm, proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edejdou spor\u016fm o neplatnost z\u00e1v\u011bti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nyn\u00ed podrobn\u011bji vysv\u011btl\u00edme n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nej\u010dast\u011bji uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f neplatnosti z\u00e1v\u011bti, na kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba d\u00e1t pozor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nedostatek_zpusobilosti_k_sepsani_zaveti_jako_duvod_neplatnosti_a_opatreni\"><\/span>Nedostatek zp\u016fsobilosti k seps\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti jako d\u016fvod neplatnosti a opat\u0159en\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165 osoby bez zp\u016fsobilosti k seps\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti je neplatn\u00e1. Ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 zp\u016fsobilost k seps\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti osob\u00e1m star\u0161\u00edm 15 let, ale zp\u016fsobilost star\u0161\u00edch osob, nap\u0159\u00edklad s demenc\u00ed, je \u010dasto zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1na.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neexistuj\u00ed jasn\u00e9 krit\u00e9ria pro posouzen\u00ed zp\u016fsobilosti k seps\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti, kter\u00e1 se hodnot\u00ed z psychiatrick\u00e9ho hlediska, podle obsahu z\u00e1v\u011bti a dal\u0161\u00edch okolnost\u00ed. Aby byla zp\u016fsobilost k seps\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti nesporn\u00e1, je vhodn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165 sepsat co nejd\u0159\u00edve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165 lze kdykoliv p\u0159epsat, proto je vhodn\u00e9 ji m\u00edt p\u0159ipravenou i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1hl\u00e9 nemoci nebo nehody. Pokud je osoba ji\u017e v pokro\u010dil\u00e9m v\u011bku, m\u011bla by se podrobit l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9mu vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a zaznamenat do zdravotn\u00ed dokumentace, \u017ee nem\u00e1 probl\u00e9my s pam\u011bt\u00ed nebo rozhodov\u00e1n\u00edm, aby odstranila pochybnosti o sv\u00e9 zp\u016fsobilosti k seps\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nedostatek_vlastnorucnosti_u_vlastnorucni_zaveti_jako_duvod_neplatnosti_a_opatreni\"><\/span>Nedostatek vlastnoru\u010dnosti u vlastnoru\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti jako d\u016fvod neplatnosti a opat\u0159en\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed vlastnoru\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti je vy\u017eadov\u00e1na vlastnoru\u010dnost. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pokud lze z rukopisu ur\u010dit, \u017ee dokument napsal dan\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk, pova\u017euje se to za projev jeho skute\u010dn\u00e9 v\u016fle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud osoba nem\u00e1 dostate\u010dnou s\u00edlu v ruce ani na dr\u017een\u00ed psac\u00edho n\u00e1\u010din\u00ed, pova\u017euje se za neschopnou vlastnoru\u010dn\u011b sepsat z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165 a jej\u00ed platnost nebude uzn\u00e1na. Jako z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165ce byste m\u011bli co nejv\u00edce vyu\u017e\u00edvat not\u00e1\u0159sky ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nedostatek_ustniho_projevu_u_notarsky_overene_zaveti_jako_duvod_neplatnosti_a_opatreni\"><\/span>Nedostatek \u00fastn\u00edho projevu u not\u00e1\u0159sky ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bti jako d\u016fvod neplatnosti a opat\u0159en\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i tvorb\u011b not\u00e1\u0159sky ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bti je, krom\u011b osob, kter\u00e9 nemohou mluvit nebo sly\u0161et, nutn\u00e9, aby z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165ce s\u00e1m \u00fastn\u011b p\u0159edal svou v\u016fli not\u00e1\u0159i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 se mohou sna\u017eit skr\u00fdt demenci a odpov\u00eddat, jako by v\u0161echno ch\u00e1pali, proto je \u00fastn\u00ed projev p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b posuzov\u00e1n. Pokud nen\u00ed \u00fastn\u00ed projev uzn\u00e1n jako platn\u00fd, z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165 je neplatn\u00e1. Z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165ce by m\u011bl sepsat not\u00e1\u0159sky ov\u011b\u0159enou z\u00e1v\u011b\u0165, zat\u00edmco je schopen s\u00e1m vyj\u00e1d\u0159it svou v\u016fli ohledn\u011b podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a majetku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti_Majitele_firem_by_meli_konzultovat_planovani_dedictvi_a_nastupnictvi_s_pravnikem\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed: Majitel\u00e9 firem by m\u011bli konzultovat pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed a n\u00e1stupnictv\u00ed s pr\u00e1vn\u00edkem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud majitel\u00e9 firem cht\u011bj\u00ed zajistit ochranu sv\u00e9ho majetku i po sv\u00e9 smrti a p\u0159ej\u00ed si, aby jejich podniky byly nad\u00e1le \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b \u0159\u00edzeny, je nezbytn\u00e9 se p\u0159edem p\u0159ipravit na mo\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my spojen\u00e9 s d\u011bdictv\u00edm a n\u00e1stupnictv\u00edm. Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zahrnuje nejen seps\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bti, ale tak\u00e9 zohledn\u011bn\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fdch spor\u016f o poru\u0161en\u00ed povinn\u00e9ho d\u00edlu nebo platnosti z\u00e1v\u011bti, je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro efektivn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spor\u016f je nutn\u00e9 m\u00edt hlubok\u00e9 porozum\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edm p\u0159edpis\u016fm a p\u0159edchoz\u00edm soudn\u00edm rozhodnut\u00edm, stejn\u011b jako p\u0159esn\u011b zn\u00e1t a uspo\u0159\u00e1dat vlastn\u00ed majetek a situaci z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran. Proto p\u0159i tvorb\u011b z\u00e1v\u011bti a dohod o d\u011bdictv\u00ed a n\u00e1stupnictv\u00ed doporu\u010dujeme vyhledat odborn\u00e9 poradenstv\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edka. S pomoc\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edka m\u016f\u017eete spr\u00e1vn\u011b pochopit syst\u00e9m d\u011bdictv\u00ed a vytvo\u0159it pravidla, kter\u00e1 budou odpov\u00eddat va\u0161im specifick\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith je specializovan\u00e1 na IT, zejm\u00e9na na internet a pr\u00e1vo, a nab\u00edz\u00ed vysokou odbornost v obou t\u011bchto oblastech. P\u0159i prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed rodinn\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u011bkdy nutn\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it smlouvy. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 poskytuje slu\u017eby vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a revize smluv pro \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu klient\u016f, od spole\u010dnost\u00ed k\u00f3tovan\u00fdch na Tokyo Stock Exchange Prime a\u017e po startupov\u00e9 firmy. Pokud m\u00e1te probl\u00e9my se smlouvami, pros\u00edm, odkazujte se na n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oblasti pr\u00e1ce Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e Monolith: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/contractcreation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a revize smluv atd.[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V podnik\u00e1n\u00ed je ot\u00e1zka p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed majetku a veden\u00ed firmy nevyhnutelnou v\u00fdzvou. V\u00fdb\u011br n\u00e1stupce, rozd\u011blen\u00ed majetku, p\u0159evod \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti &#8211; to v\u0161e jsou slo\u017eit\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 se hromad\u00ed a nelze v [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":65568,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,28],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64825"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64825"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64825\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":65569,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64825\/revisions\/65569"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65568"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64825"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64825"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64825"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}