{"id":66028,"date":"2025-07-29T19:55:08","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T10:55:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=66028"},"modified":"2025-08-21T15:47:47","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T06:47:47","slug":"criminal-law-imprisonment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/criminal-law-imprisonment","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u010cervnu Reiwa 7 (2025)\u3011Co je to nov\u011b zaveden\u00fd trest \u201ek\u00e1znice\u201c v d\u016fsledku zm\u011bny trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona? V\u00fdznam zm\u011bny a vysv\u011btlen\u00ed \u010dty\u0159 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch bod\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V \u010dervnu Reiwa 7 (2025) dojde k z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b v japonsk\u00e9m trestn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu. Po mnoha letech budou zru\u0161eny tresty odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a v\u011bzen\u00ed a budou nahrazeny nov\u011b zaveden\u00fdm trestem &#8220;k\u014dkinkei&#8221; (deten\u010dn\u00ed trest). Od \u010dervna se tedy tresty odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a v\u011bzen\u00ed sjednot\u00ed do jednoho trestu k\u014dkinkei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed trestn\u00ed sankce byly stanoveny p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 lety a jejich \u00fa\u010del a role byly dlouhodob\u011b p\u0159ehodnocov\u00e1ny. Tato reforma trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd obrat v krimin\u00e1ln\u00ed politice Japonska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku proto nep\u0159edstav\u00edme pouze obsah t\u00e9to reformy, ale podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btl\u00edme i jej\u00ed pozad\u00ed a v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/criminal-law-imprisonment\/#Co_je_trest_odneti_svobody_a_jak_se_lisi_od_trestu_odneti_svobody_a_vezeni_podle_japonskeho_prava\" title=\"Co je trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a jak se li\u0161\u00ed od trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a v\u011bzen\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va?\">Co je trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a jak se li\u0161\u00ed od trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a v\u011bzen\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/criminal-law-imprisonment\/#Historie_sjednoceni_trestu_odneti_svobody_v_Japonsku\" title=\"Historie sjednocen\u00ed trest\u016f odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody v Japonsku\">Historie sjednocen\u00ed trest\u016f odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody v Japonsku<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/criminal-law-imprisonment\/#Ctyri_klicove_body_stojici_za_novelizaci_zakona\" title=\"\u010cty\u0159i kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body stoj\u00edc\u00ed za novelizac\u00ed z\u00e1kona\">\u010cty\u0159i kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body stoj\u00edc\u00ed za novelizac\u00ed z\u00e1kona<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/criminal-law-imprisonment\/#Potreba_rozlisovani_mezi_trestem_odneti_svobody_a_vezenim_v_Japonsku\" title=\"Pot\u0159eba rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi trestem odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a v\u011bzen\u00edm v Japonsku\">Pot\u0159eba rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi trestem odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a v\u011bzen\u00edm v Japonsku<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/criminal-law-imprisonment\/#Pozadavky_z_mista_vykonu_trestu\" title=\"Po\u017eadavky z m\u00edsta v\u00fdkonu trestu\">Po\u017eadavky z m\u00edsta v\u00fdkonu trestu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/criminal-law-imprisonment\/#Usili_vlady_o_prevenci_recidivy\" title=\"\u00dasil\u00ed vl\u00e1dy o prevenci recidivy\">\u00dasil\u00ed vl\u00e1dy o prevenci recidivy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/criminal-law-imprisonment\/#Zachazeni_s_mladymi_odsouzenymi_v_Japonsku\" title=\"Zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s mlad\u00fdmi odsouzen\u00fdmi v Japonsku\">Zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s mlad\u00fdmi odsouzen\u00fdmi v Japonsku<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/criminal-law-imprisonment\/#Reakce_na_zavedeni_trestu_zadrzeni_v_Japonsku\" title=\"Reakce na zaveden\u00ed trestu zadr\u017een\u00ed v Japonsku\">Reakce na zaveden\u00ed trestu zadr\u017een\u00ed v Japonsku<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/criminal-law-imprisonment\/#Shrnuti_V_pripade_trestnich_cinu_se_poradte_s_advokatem\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed: V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b trestn\u00edch \u010din\u016f se pora\u010fte s advok\u00e1tem\">Shrnut\u00ed: V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b trestn\u00edch \u010din\u016f se pora\u010fte s advok\u00e1tem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/criminal-law-imprisonment\/#Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_trest_odneti_svobody_a_jak_se_lisi_od_trestu_odneti_svobody_a_vezeni_podle_japonskeho_prava\"><\/span>Co je trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a jak se li\u0161\u00ed od trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a v\u011bzen\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/5c1f49f1a439ea4ceb82d4d00a582b83.jpg\" alt=\"Co je trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a jak se li\u0161\u00ed od trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a v\u011bzen\u00ed?\" class=\"wp-image-133187\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody&#8221; byl zahrnut do n\u00e1vrhu zm\u011bny trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159edlo\u017een japonsk\u00fdm ministerstvem spravedlnosti parlamentu v b\u0159eznu roku Reiwa 4 (2022). Tato zm\u011bna p\u0159inese reorganizaci syst\u00e9mu &#8220;trest\u016f omezuj\u00edc\u00edch svobodu&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Tresty omezuj\u00edc\u00edch svobodu&#8221; jsou tresty, kter\u00e9 odeb\u00edraj\u00ed fyzickou svobodu a dosud zahrnovaly t\u0159i typy: v\u011bzen\u00ed, odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a zadr\u017een\u00ed. Tato reforma zru\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi v\u011bzen\u00edm a odn\u011bt\u00edm svobody a sjednot\u00ed je pod term\u00edn &#8220;trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody&#8221;. T\u00edm dojde k realizaci takzvan\u00e9 &#8220;unifikace trest\u016f omezuj\u00edc\u00edch svobodu&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>P\u0159ed zm\u011bnou \u010dl\u00e1nek 9 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku (Druhy trest\u016f)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Tresty smrti, v\u011bzen\u00ed, odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody, pokuty, zadr\u017een\u00ed a pen\u011b\u017eit\u00e9 sankce jako hlavn\u00ed tresty a konfiskace jako dodate\u010dn\u00fd trest.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Po zm\u011bn\u011b \u010dl\u00e1nek 9 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku (Druhy trest\u016f)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Tresty smrti, trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody, pokuty, zadr\u017een\u00ed a pen\u011b\u017eit\u00e9 sankce jako hlavn\u00ed tresty a konfiskace jako dodate\u010dn\u00fd trest.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>V dosavadn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu trest\u016f omezuj\u00edc\u00edch svobodu bylo v\u011bzen\u00ed spojeno s povinnost\u00ed pracovat, zat\u00edmco u odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody byla pr\u00e1ce dobrovoln\u00e1. Ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak &#8220;v\u011bt\u0161ina odsouzen\u00fdch k odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody se pod\u00edl\u00ed na pr\u00e1ci na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u017e\u00e1dosti (\u010dl\u00e1nek 93 z\u00e1kona o trestn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch a zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s odsouzen\u00fdmi), tak\u017ee rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi v\u011bzen\u00edm a odn\u011bt\u00edm svobody na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomnosti ur\u010den\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce nem\u00e1 smysl&#8221; (Kenji Takeuchi a Takeshi Honjo, &#8220;Criminal Policy Studies&#8221;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody umo\u017e\u0148uje rozhodnout, zda bude odsouzen\u00fd pracovat, na z\u00e1klad\u011b jeho individu\u00e1ln\u00edch charakteristik. Nam\u00edsto povinn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce se nyn\u00ed klade d\u016fraz na veden\u00ed k n\u00e1prav\u011b a prevenci recidivy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V revidovan\u00e9m trestn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u00edku byl \u010dl\u00e1nek 13 (odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody) zru\u0161en, \u010dl\u00e1nek 12 odstavec 1 a 2 byly zm\u011bn\u011bny a odstavec 3 byl nov\u011b vytvo\u0159en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>P\u0159ed zm\u011bnou \u010dl\u00e1nek 12 odstavec 2 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<br>&#8220;V\u011bzen\u00ed znamen\u00e1, \u017ee odsouzen\u00fd je dr\u017een ve v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 ur\u010denou pr\u00e1ci.&#8221;<br><br>P\u0159ed zm\u011bnou \u010dl\u00e1nek 13 odstavec 2 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku\u3010odstran\u011bno v revidovan\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b\u3011<br>&#8220;Odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody znamen\u00e1, \u017ee odsouzen\u00fd je dr\u017een ve v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Po zm\u011bn\u011b \u010dl\u00e1nek 12 odstavec 2 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody znamen\u00e1, \u017ee odsouzen\u00fd je um\u00edst\u011bn ve v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po zm\u011bn\u011b \u010dl\u00e1nek 12 odstavec 3 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku\u3010nov\u011b vytvo\u0159eno\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Osob\u011b odsouzen\u00e9 k trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt na\u0159\u00edzeno vykon\u00e1vat pot\u0159ebnou pr\u00e1ci nebo j\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt poskytnuto pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 veden\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem jej\u00ed n\u00e1pravy a resocializace.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Zaveden\u00edm trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody se pr\u00e1ce st\u00e1v\u00e1 ne prost\u0159edkem k zp\u016fsoben\u00ed utrpen\u00ed odsouzen\u00e9mu, ale prost\u0159edkem k jeho n\u00e1prav\u011b a hladk\u00e9mu n\u00e1vratu do spole\u010dnosti, co\u017e je nyn\u00ed v trestn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u00edku jasn\u011b stanoveno. Pr\u00e1ce a veden\u00ed k n\u00e1prav\u011b a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jsou nyn\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za rovnocenn\u00e9 metody zach\u00e1zen\u00ed se stejnou povahou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historie_sjednoceni_trestu_odneti_svobody_v_Japonsku\"><\/span>Historie sjednocen\u00ed trest\u016f odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody v Japonsku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Diskuse o zru\u0161en\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed mezi trestem odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a v\u011bzen\u00edm a o sjednocen\u00ed trest\u016f odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody existovala ji\u017e p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou. V 1960s (v \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech), b\u011bhem pr\u00e1ce na celkov\u00e9 revizi trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku, byla tato ot\u00e1zka otev\u0159en\u011b \u0159e\u0161ena, ale pokusy o reformu byly nakonec zastaveny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 revize trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku, kter\u00e1 zavedla tresty odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody, prob\u011bhla bez v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho odporu. Pro\u010d tomu tak bylo? Pod\u00edvejme se na pozad\u00ed t\u00e9to reformy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ctyri_klicove_body_stojici_za_novelizaci_zakona\"><\/span>\u010cty\u0159i kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 body stoj\u00edc\u00ed za novelizac\u00ed z\u00e1kona<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ministerstvo spravedlnosti Japonska uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee d\u016fvodem t\u00e9to novely je &#8220;dal\u0161\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s odsouzen\u00fdmi ve v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch&#8221;. (Zdroj: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.moj.go.jp\/content\/001368429.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ministerstvo spravedlnosti Japonska &#8220;D\u016fvody pro novelizaci trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku a dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f&#8221;[ja]<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K tomu existuje n\u011bkolik d\u016fvod\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Potreba_rozlisovani_mezi_trestem_odneti_svobody_a_vezenim_v_Japonsku\"><\/span>Pot\u0159eba rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi trestem odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a v\u011bzen\u00edm v Japonsku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle B\u00edl\u00e9 knihy o trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti z roku Reiwa 6 (2024) bylo 14 033 osob (99,6 %) odsouzeno k trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody, 49 osob (0,3 %) k v\u011bzen\u00ed a 3 osoby (0,0 %) k zadr\u017een\u00ed. Nav\u00edc 81,8 % v\u011bz\u0148\u016f podstoupilo pracovn\u00ed \u010dinnost (k b\u0159eznu roku Reiwa 6 (2024), podle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.moj.go.jp\/housouken\/housouken03_00134.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">B\u00edl\u00e9 knihy o trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti z roku Reiwa 6[ja]<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak lze vid\u011bt z t\u011bchto dat, v\u00fdznam rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi trestem odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a v\u011bzen\u00edm se v Japonsku st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pozadavky_z_mista_vykonu_trestu\"><\/span>Po\u017eadavky z m\u00edsta v\u00fdkonu trestu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/d5bb9420e1507cf67686053e4de340f7.jpg\" alt=\"Po\u017eadavky z m\u00edsta v\u00fdkonu trestu\" class=\"wp-image-133185\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e se nad t\u00edm zamysl\u00edme, mezi star\u0161\u00edmi lidmi a osobami se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm jsou ti, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee s vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm pr\u00e1ce. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b podle japonsk\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kona jsou odsouzen\u00ed k trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody povinni pracovat, co\u017e vede k situaci, kdy jsou nuceni pracovat i p\u0159es sv\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le by u odsouzen\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed se s obt\u00ed\u017eemi v soci\u00e1ln\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, mohlo b\u00fdt vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed poskytnout jim vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed podporu m\u00edsto pr\u00e1ce, aby se zlep\u0161ily jejich schopnosti. Av\u0161ak i zde je pr\u00e1ce povinn\u00e1, tak\u017ee nen\u00ed dostatek \u010dasu v\u011bnovat se zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Povinnost pr\u00e1ce pro odsouzen\u00e9 k trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody je kritizov\u00e1na z hlediska jejich rehabilitace a n\u00e1vratu do spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Usili_vlady_o_prevenci_recidivy\"><\/span>\u00dasil\u00ed vl\u00e1dy o prevenci recidivy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tradi\u010dn\u00ed tresty m\u011bly siln\u00fd d\u016fraz na &#8220;potrest\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; a bylo pouk\u00e1z\u00e1no na nedostate\u010dnou podporu pro rehabilitaci a reintegraci odsouzen\u00fdch do spole\u010dnosti. D\u00e1le byli odsouzen\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u011b rozd\u011blov\u00e1ni do skupin podle krimin\u00e1ln\u00edch sklonech, ani\u017e by byly v\u017edy \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zohledn\u011bny sp\u00e1chan\u00e9 zlo\u010diny nebo v\u011bk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V reakci na to stanovila vl\u00e1da pod z\u00e1\u0161titou politiky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na pos\u00edlen\u00ed efektivn\u00edho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na empirick\u00fdch studi\u00edch a d\u016fkazech c\u00edl sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det odsouzen\u00fdch, kte\u0159\u00ed se do v\u011bzen\u00ed vr\u00e1t\u00ed b\u011bhem dvou let po propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, o 20 % v pr\u016fb\u011bhu deseti let (Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pl\u00e1n prevence recidivy z roku 2012 (Heisei 24)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jako sou\u010d\u00e1st t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed bylo do prvn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu na podporu prevence recidivy za\u010dlen\u011bno veden\u00ed a tr\u00e9nink zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00edch dovednost\u00ed a obchodn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed ve v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zachazeni_s_mladymi_odsouzenymi_v_Japonsku\"><\/span>Zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s mlad\u00fdmi odsouzen\u00fdmi v Japonsku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto kontextu do\u0161lo k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu podn\u011btu pro zaveden\u00ed trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody. T\u00edm byla diskuse o sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011bkov\u00e9 hranice pro aplikaci Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o ml\u00e1de\u017ei (Juvenile Law).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud by se v\u011bkov\u00e1 hranice pro aplikaci Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o ml\u00e1de\u017ei sn\u00ed\u017eila na m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 18 let, osmn\u00e1cti a devaten\u00e1ctilet\u00ed by ji\u017e nebyli pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za mladistv\u00e9 a byly by na n\u011b uvaleny tresty. Av\u0161ak, tradi\u010dn\u00ed postupy podle z\u00e1kona o ml\u00e1de\u017ei umo\u017e\u0148ovaly flexibiln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed charakteristik\u00e1m mladistv\u00fdch a byly dob\u0159e hodnoceny z hlediska v\u00fdchovy k n\u00e1prav\u011b a prevence recidivy. Proto se uva\u017eovalo, \u017ee pokud by se na osmn\u00e1cti a devaten\u00e1ctilet\u00e9 uvalily tresty, bylo by nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ehodnotit obsah a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto trest\u016f a v d\u016fsledku toho i celkov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k odsouzen\u00fdm. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, osmn\u00e1cti a devaten\u00e1ctilet\u00ed jsou obvykle studenti st\u0159edn\u00edch nebo vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol, ale pokud by na n\u011b byly uvaleny tresty, nemohli by se dostate\u010dn\u011b v\u011bnovat studiu kv\u016fli povinnosti pracovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V t\u00e9to souvislosti p\u0159edlo\u017eila Rada pro legislativn\u00ed \u00fapravy v oblasti z\u00e1kona o ml\u00e1de\u017ei a trestn\u00edho pr\u00e1va ministrovi spravedlnosti Japonska doporu\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zahrnovalo &#8220;sjednocen\u00ed trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a trestu v\u011bzen\u00ed do jednoho nov\u00e9ho typu trestu svobody&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reakce_na_zavedeni_trestu_zadrzeni_v_Japonsku\"><\/span>Reakce na zaveden\u00ed trestu zadr\u017een\u00ed v Japonsku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/f3fd6764fd7fdfe57e9e37baf02ce7fb.jpg\" alt=\"Reakce na zaveden\u00ed trestu zadr\u017een\u00ed v Japonsku\" class=\"wp-image-133186\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V reakci na tyto okolnosti byl v Japonsku zaveden trest zadr\u017een\u00ed, jeho\u017e podrobnosti se postupn\u011b vyjas\u0148uj\u00ed. Podle zpr\u00e1v se odsouzen\u00ed rozd\u011bluj\u00ed do 24 druh\u016f reeduka\u010dn\u00edch program\u016f, kter\u00e9 se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00e9 skupiny, jako jsou mladistv\u00ed, mlad\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00ed, star\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 a osoby s du\u0161evn\u00edmi poruchami, a poskytuj\u00ed se jim individu\u00e1ln\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed jejich specifick\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reference: <a href=\"https:\/\/mainichi.jp\/articles\/20250121\/k00\/00m\/040\/227000c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">21. ledna 2025, Mainichi Shimbun | &#8220;Obrysy trestu zadr\u017een\u00ed v Japonsku se vyjas\u0148uj\u00ed: Odsouzen\u00ed jsou podporov\u00e1ni v 24 programech pro rehabilitaci a prevenci recidivy&#8221;[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V reakci na zaveden\u00ed trestu zadr\u017een\u00ed v Japonsku se v za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch trestn\u00ed justice, v\u010detn\u011b v\u011bznic, intenzivn\u011b p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed na jeho implementaci, ale na m\u00edst\u011b se objevuj\u00ed i probl\u00e9my. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, osoby odsouzen\u00e9 k r\u016fzn\u00fdm druh\u016fm trest\u016f by m\u011bly b\u00fdt z\u00e1sadn\u011b odd\u011bleny. S zaveden\u00edm trestu zadr\u017een\u00ed se v\u011bznice pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s nutnost\u00ed odd\u011blit obydl\u00ed odsouzen\u00fdch k trestu zadr\u017een\u00ed od t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed si odpyk\u00e1vaj\u00ed trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody, co\u017e vy\u017eaduje nejen dal\u0161\u00ed person\u00e1l, ale tak\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 obavy z nedostatku fyzick\u00e9ho prostoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti_V_pripade_trestnich_cinu_se_poradte_s_advokatem\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed: V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b trestn\u00edch \u010din\u016f se pora\u010fte s advok\u00e1tem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zaveden\u00ed trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody od 1. \u010dervna 2025 (2025) p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd obrat v japonsk\u00e9m trestn\u00edm soudn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu. Tato reforma klade d\u016fraz na rehabilitaci odsouzen\u00fdch a jejich n\u00e1vrat do spole\u010dnosti s c\u00edlem zabezpe\u010dit ve\u0159ejnou bezpe\u010dnost prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm prevence recidivy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak pokud se ocitnete v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, nejlep\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm je m\u00edt po sv\u00e9m boku odborn\u00edka &#8211; advok\u00e1ta. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee byste byli zat\u010deni v souvislosti s trestn\u00edm \u010dinem, je mo\u017en\u00e9 m\u00edt advok\u00e1ta p\u0159ed ob\u017ealobou i po n\u00ed v r\u00e1mci dobrovoln\u00e9 obhajoby. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, nez\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed advok\u00e1ta m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt pro podez\u0159el\u00e9ho nebo ob\u017ealovan\u00e9ho velk\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody, a proto byste m\u011bli zv\u00e1\u017eit jeho anga\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e nem\u00e1te dostate\u010dn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, m\u016f\u017eete vyu\u017e\u00edt syst\u00e9my jako je &#8220;Syst\u00e9m pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pomoci pro trestn\u011b st\u00edhan\u00e9 osoby&#8221; nebo &#8220;St\u00e1tn\u00ed obh\u00e1jce&#8221;. Pokud se stanete podez\u0159el\u00fdm nebo ob\u017ealovan\u00fdm v trestn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, ur\u010dit\u011b zva\u017ete vyu\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith je firma specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na IT, zejm\u00e9na na internet a pr\u00e1vo, s vysokou \u00farovn\u00ed odbornosti v obou oblastech. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 poskytuje podporu v oblasti zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed shody podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, a to hlubok\u00fdm porozum\u011bn\u00edm obchodn\u00edm model\u016fm a obsahu podnik\u00e1n\u00ed klient\u016f, od spole\u010dnost\u00ed k\u00f3tovan\u00fdch na Tokyo Stock Exchange Prime a\u017e po startupov\u00e9 firmy, a identifikac\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch rizik. Podrobnosti naleznete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oblasti pr\u00e1ce pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e Monolith: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/practices\/corporate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby pro IT a startupov\u00e9 firmy[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V \u010dervnu Reiwa 7 (2025) dojde k z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b v japonsk\u00e9m trestn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu. Po mnoha letech budou zru\u0161eny tresty odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a v\u011bzen\u00ed a budou nahrazeny nov\u011b zaveden\u00fdm trestem &#8220;k\u014dkinkei&#8221; ( [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":66226,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,28],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66028"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66028"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66028\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66227,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66028\/revisions\/66227"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66226"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66028"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66028"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66028"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}