{"id":66042,"date":"2025-07-29T19:55:09","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T10:55:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=66042"},"modified":"2025-08-21T16:45:54","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T07:45:54","slug":"false-information-criminal-liability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/false-information-criminal-liability","title":{"rendered":"Jak\u00e9 jsou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti za \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed? Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed dvou typ\u016f trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f zat\u010den\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Dne 1. ledna 2024 (\u4ee4\u548c6\u5e741\u67081\u65e5) zas\u00e1hlo poloostrov Noto v prefektu\u0159e Ishikawa v Japonsku siln\u00e9 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobilo rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u0161kody. Netrp\u011bliv\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me rychlou obnovu posti\u017een\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Spolu se situac\u00ed v posti\u017een\u00fdch oblastech se na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch rychle \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily i &#8220;fale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy&#8221;. V \u010dervenci 2024 byl 25let\u00fd mu\u017e zat\u010den za trestn\u00fd \u010din podvodu a naru\u0161en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edti X b\u011bhem zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed na poloostrov\u011b Noto \u0161\u00ed\u0159il fale\u0161n\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dosti o z\u00e1chranu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reference: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nikkei.com\/article\/DGXZQOUE242390U4A720C2000000\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nikkei | P\u0159i katastrof\u00e1ch na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, policie zauj\u00edm\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd postoj &#8211; pozor na snadn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy mohou zp\u016fsobit soci\u00e1ln\u00ed chaos. Mezi motivy pro \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v pat\u0159\u00ed snaha z\u00edskat pozornost na internetu, ale tak\u00e9 se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s fale\u0161n\u00fdmi zpr\u00e1vami \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdmi pro z\u00e1bavu pachatelem, kter\u00fd si u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zmatek. V minulosti se b\u011bhem pandemie COVID-19 objevilo a \u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo mnoho fale\u0161n\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof, jako jsou zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdch informac\u00ed v\u00e9st a\u017e k situac\u00edm ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00edm lidsk\u00e9 \u017eivoty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost je spojena s \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm a roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm fale\u0161n\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v? V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se budeme zab\u00fdvat pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi aspekty \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v na z\u00e1klad\u011b konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/false-information-criminal-liability\/#Trestni_odpovednost_za_sireni_dezinformaci_podle_japonskeho_prava\" title=\"Trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/false-information-criminal-liability\/#Trestny_cin_poskozeni_povesti_a_podvodneho_ruseni_podnikani_podle_japonskeho_prava\" title=\"Trestn\u00fd \u010din po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti a podvodn\u00e9ho ru\u0161en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Trestn\u00fd \u010din po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti a podvodn\u00e9ho ru\u0161en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/false-information-criminal-liability\/#Trestny_cin_pomluvy_podle_japonskeho_prava\" title=\"Trestn\u00fd \u010din pomluvy podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Trestn\u00fd \u010din pomluvy podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/false-information-criminal-liability\/#Co_kdyz_jste_verili_ze_dezinformace_jsou_%E2%80%9Epravda%E2%80%9C\" title=\"Co kdy\u017e jste v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee dezinformace jsou \u201epravda\u201c?\">Co kdy\u017e jste v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee dezinformace jsou \u201epravda\u201c?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/false-information-criminal-liability\/#Neni_mozne_uniknout_pravni_odpovednosti_i_po_odstraneni_dezinformaci\" title=\"Nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 uniknout pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti i po odstran\u011bn\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed?\">Nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 uniknout pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti i po odstran\u011bn\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/false-information-criminal-liability\/#Pravni_odpovednost_za_sireni_dezinformaci_na_socialnich_sitich_v_Japonsku\" title=\"Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch v Japonsku\">Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch v Japonsku<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/false-information-criminal-liability\/#Jak_reagovat_na_reputacni_riziko_zpusobene_dezinformacemi_podle_japonskeho_prava\" title=\"Jak reagovat na reputa\u010dn\u00ed riziko zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 dezinformacemi podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Jak reagovat na reputa\u010dn\u00ed riziko zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 dezinformacemi podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/false-information-criminal-liability\/#Shrnuti_Demagogie_a_skody_na_povesti_%E2%80%93_konzultujte_s_advokatem\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed: Demagogie a \u0161kody na pov\u011bsti \u2013 konzultujte s advok\u00e1tem\">Shrnut\u00ed: Demagogie a \u0161kody na pov\u011bsti \u2013 konzultujte s advok\u00e1tem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/internet\/false-information-criminal-liability\/#Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\" title=\"P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e\">P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trestni_odpovednost_za_sireni_dezinformaci_podle_japonskeho_prava\"><\/span>Trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/5cea0e7b9562b16cae53127d6454c219.jpg\" alt=\"Trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\" class=\"wp-image-89275\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v Japonsku odpov\u00eddat dv\u011bma trestn\u00fdm \u010din\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u016fvod, pro\u010d zde pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me v\u00fdraz &#8220;m\u016f\u017ee odpov\u00eddat&#8221;, je ten, \u017ee v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m japonsk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu neexistuje z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd by p\u0159\u00edmo zakazoval nebo trestal \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed. I kdy\u017e by \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed mohlo v\u00e9st k soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu zmatku, nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 b\u00fdt za tento \u010din zat\u010den nebo potrest\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, pokud \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed vede k poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v jin\u00e9 osoby, situace se m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na dv\u011b trestn\u00ed sankce:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Delikt po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti \/ podvodn\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Delikt ur\u00e1\u017eky na cti<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u00edv\u00e1me se, za jak\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt tyto trestn\u00e9 \u010diny aplikov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trestny_cin_poskozeni_povesti_a_podvodneho_ruseni_podnikani_podle_japonskeho_prava\"><\/span>Trestn\u00fd \u010din po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti a podvodn\u00e9ho ru\u0161en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V japonsk\u00e9m trestn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u00edku jsou stanoveny trestn\u00e9 \u010diny po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti (\u010dl\u00e1nek 233 prvn\u00ed odstavec) a podvodn\u00e9ho ru\u0161en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed (tamt\u00e9\u017e druh\u00fd odstavec).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Kdo \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed nepravdiv\u00e9 zv\u011bsti nebo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 podvod k po\u0161kozen\u00ed pov\u011bsti osoby nebo k ru\u0161en\u00ed jej\u00edho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, bude potrest\u00e1n odn\u011bt\u00edm svobody na dobu a\u017e t\u0159\u00ed let nebo pokutou do pades\u00e1ti tis\u00edc jen\u016f.<\/p>\n<cite>Trestn\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u00edk \u010dl\u00e1nek 233<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Tyto trestn\u00e9 \u010diny chr\u00e1n\u00ed &#8220;pov\u011bst&#8221; a &#8220;svobodu podnikatelsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti&#8221; fyzick\u00fdch osob i pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Term\u00edn &#8220;\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nepravdiv\u00fdch zv\u011bst\u00ed&#8221; znamen\u00e1 roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed nebo zpr\u00e1v, kter\u00e9 jsou v rozporu s objektivn\u00edmi fakty, mezi neur\u010dit\u00fdm po\u010dtem lid\u00ed nebo mezi velk\u00fdm po\u010dtem lid\u00ed. &#8220;Podvod&#8221; znamen\u00e1 klamat lidi nebo vyu\u017e\u00edvat jejich omyl\u016f nebo nev\u011bdomosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poj\u010fme se nyn\u00ed pod\u00edvat na p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy byl n\u011bkdo obvin\u011bn z podvodn\u00e9ho ru\u0161en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, trestn\u00fd \u010din podvodn\u00e9ho ru\u0161en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed nast\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e je pou\u017eit &#8220;podvod&#8221; a z\u00e1rove\u0148 dojde k &#8220;ru\u0161en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Podnik\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; zahrnuje nejen komer\u010dn\u00ed aktivity s c\u00edlem ekonomick\u00e9ho zisku, ale tak\u00e9 neziskov\u00e9 aktivity (dobrovolnick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, klubov\u00e9 aktivity, setk\u00e1n\u00ed absolvent\u016f, m\u00edstn\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed atd.). &#8220;Ru\u0161en\u00ed&#8221; znamen\u00e1 vznik situace, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee podnik\u00e1n\u00ed ohrozit. I kdy\u017e skute\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek ru\u0161en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed nenastal, samotn\u00fd vznik situace, kter\u00e1 by mohla podnik\u00e1n\u00ed ohrozit, se pova\u017euje za &#8220;ru\u0161en\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V roce 2016 (Heisei 28) b\u011bhem zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed v Kumamotu byl mu\u017e zat\u010den za podvodn\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159il fale\u0161nou zpr\u00e1vu, \u017ee &#8220;z m\u00edstn\u00ed zoo utekl lev&#8221;. Pozd\u011bji byl mu\u017e propu\u0161t\u011bn bez obvin\u011bn\u00ed (odlo\u017een\u00ed st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zat\u010den\u00fd mu\u017e po zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed v Kumamotu zve\u0159ejnil na X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter) p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek s textem &#8220;Hej, tohle nen\u00ed vtip, kv\u016fli zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed utekl z zoo u n\u00e1s v Kumamotu lev&#8221; spolu s fotografi\u00ed lva proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho se m\u011bstskou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve skute\u010dnosti lev neutekl, tak\u017ee v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek byl v rozporu s objektivn\u00edmi fakty. A proto\u017ee X (d\u0159\u00edve Twitter) umo\u017e\u0148uje \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed obsahu mezi neur\u010dit\u00fdm po\u010dtem lid\u00ed na internetu, \u010din mu\u017ee byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za &#8220;\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nepravdiv\u00fdch zv\u011bst\u00ed&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek byl nav\u00edc v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 000kr\u00e1t sd\u00edlen a Zoologick\u00e1 a botanick\u00e1 zahrada m\u011bsta Kumamoto obdr\u017eela v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 telefon\u00e1t\u016f s dotazy, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo probl\u00e9my s plynul\u00fdm prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm kontrol v\u00fdb\u011bh\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee mu\u017e sv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem naru\u0161il podnik\u00e1n\u00ed Zoologick\u00e9 a botanick\u00e9 zahrady m\u011bsta Kumamoto, a proto bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee se na n\u011bj vztahuje trestn\u00fd \u010din podvodn\u00e9ho ru\u0161en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trestny_cin_pomluvy_podle_japonskeho_prava\"><\/span>Trestn\u00fd \u010din pomluvy podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>Kdo ve\u0159ejn\u011b uvede skute\u010dnost a t\u00edm po\u0161kod\u00ed ciz\u00ed \u010dest, bude potrest\u00e1n odn\u011bt\u00edm svobody a\u017e na t\u0159i roky nebo z\u00e1kazem \u010dinnosti, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b pokutou a\u017e do pades\u00e1ti tis\u00edc jen\u016f, a to bez ohledu na to, zda uveden\u00e1 skute\u010dnost existuje \u010di nikoliv.<\/p>\n<cite>Japonsk\u00fd trestn\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u00edk, \u010dl\u00e1nek 230<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento trestn\u00fd \u010din chr\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dest jako pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1jem. Pojem &#8220;\u010dest&#8221; zde odkazuje na spole\u010densk\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed osoby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Ve\u0159ejn\u011b&#8221; znamen\u00e1, \u017ee uveden\u00e1 skute\u010dnost je stav, kdy ji m\u016f\u017ee poznat neur\u010dit\u00fd po\u010det lid\u00ed nebo mnoho lid\u00ed. D\u00e1le &#8220;skute\u010dnost&#8221; znamen\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed skute\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 sni\u017euje spole\u010densk\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed osoby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam slova &#8220;\u010dest&#8221; je, \u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed, pokud se jedn\u00e1 o faktick\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed osoby, a &#8220;po\u0161kozen\u00ed \u010desti&#8221; znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b uv\u00e9st konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed skute\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 sni\u017euje spole\u010densk\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed osoby, ani\u017e by bylo nutn\u00e9, aby do\u0161lo k re\u00e1ln\u00e9mu a konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmu poru\u0161en\u00ed \u010desti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poj\u010fme se nyn\u00ed pod\u00edvat na p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy byl \u010dlov\u011bk zat\u010den za trestn\u00fd \u010din pomluvy. Mu\u017e byl zat\u010den pro podez\u0159en\u00ed z pomluvy pot\u00e9, co na Facebook napsal nepravdiv\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek o tom, \u017ee do produkt\u016f sushi restaurace byly sm\u00edch\u00e1ny ciz\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mu\u017e tvrdil, \u017ee kdy\u017e jedl sushi v ur\u010dit\u00e9 restauraci, objevil v n\u011bm \u010derven\u00fd kousek skla a &#8220;poranil si \u00fasta&#8221;. Po nahl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed incidentu rodinou byl p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek zve\u0159ejn\u011bn na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, kde se rychle \u0161\u00ed\u0159il a vyvol\u00e1val diskuse o jeho pravdivosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V reakci na tyto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky provedla policie a zdravotn\u00ed inspekce kontrolu, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 bylo potvrzeno, \u017ee &#8220;nebyly nalezeny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 podez\u0159el\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mu\u017e\u016fv p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek ve\u0159ejn\u011b uvedl &#8220;skute\u010dnost&#8221;, \u017ee do sushi byly sm\u00edch\u00e1ny ciz\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty, co\u017e &#8220;ve\u0159ejn\u011b&#8221; po\u0161kodilo &#8220;\u010dest&#8221; sushi restaurace. Proto m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt trestn\u00fd \u010din pomluvy pova\u017eov\u00e1n za uskute\u010dn\u011bn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_kdyz_jste_verili_ze_dezinformace_jsou_%E2%80%9Epravda%E2%80%9C\"><\/span>Co kdy\u017e jste v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee dezinformace jsou \u201epravda\u201c?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/4def21ecdc68ee5fa531c4261e424c62.jpg\" alt=\"Co kdy\u017e jste v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee dezinformace jsou \u201epravda\u201c?\" class=\"wp-image-89277\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Co se stane, pokud osoba \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed dezinformace v\u011b\u0159ila, \u017ee jsou \u201epravdiv\u00e9\u201c?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee \u010din uveden\u00fd v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm odstavci se t\u00fdk\u00e1 skute\u010dnost\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm z\u00e1jmem a jeho \u00fa\u010delem bylo v\u00fdhradn\u011b prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho blaha, a pokud lze prok\u00e1zat pravdivost t\u011bchto skute\u010dnost\u00ed, nebude takov\u00fd \u010din trest\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<cite>\u010cl\u00e1nek 230-2 odstavec 1 (podle Japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b \u010dl\u00e1nku 230-2 odstavec 1, podle judikatury (rozsudek Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu z 25. \u010dervna 1969 (rok 44 \u00e9ry \u0160\u00f3wa)) nen\u00ed trestn\u00fd \u00famysl a tedy ani trestn\u00fd \u010din pomluvy, pokud i kdy\u017e nelze prok\u00e1zat pravdivost, lze prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee existovaly \u201espolehliv\u00e9 zdroje a d\u016fvody\u201c pro uv\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v pravdivost informac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak, pokud byla d\u016fv\u011bra v dezinformace zalo\u017eena bez \u201espolehliv\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a d\u016fvod\u016f\u201c, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 osoba odpov\u011bdn\u00e1, a proto je vhodn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159it informace s opatrnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Neni_mozne_uniknout_pravni_odpovednosti_i_po_odstraneni_dezinformaci\"><\/span>Nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 uniknout pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti i po odstran\u011bn\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e si uv\u011bdom\u00edte, \u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 dezinformace je &#8220;nepravdiv\u00e1&#8221; a odstran\u00edte sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek, neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee se vyhnete v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va trestn\u00e9 \u010diny jako podvodn\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed nebo pomluva mohou b\u00fdt aplikov\u00e1ny i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee nedo\u0161lo k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmu poru\u0161en\u00ed. Trestn\u00fd \u010din m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n samotn\u00fdm aktem, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje riziko poru\u0161en\u00ed. Proto ani rychl\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobil velk\u00fd zmatek nebo \u0161kodu, nebo kter\u00fd vyvolal bou\u0159livou reakci, nem\u00e1 smysl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le, jakmile je p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek zve\u0159ejn\u011bn na internetu, odstran\u011bn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dtu nebo aplikace soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b nezabr\u00e1n\u00ed uchov\u00e1n\u00ed log\u016f, jako jsou IP adresy nebo informace o abonentech, kter\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 internetov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, a identifikace autora p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je mo\u017en\u00e1. P\u0159edstava, \u017ee &#8220;jsem anonymn\u00ed na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edti&#8221; nebo &#8220;odstran\u011bn\u00edm aplikace nez\u016fstanou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy&#8221;, nen\u00ed platn\u00e1. Nevhodn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky by se nem\u011bly lehkov\u00e1\u017en\u011b publikovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pravni_odpovednost_za_sireni_dezinformaci_na_socialnich_sitich_v_Japonsku\"><\/span>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch v Japonsku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/3f64c538ca3592a5c08ed58d3b11ff7f.jpg\" alt=\"\u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch\" class=\"wp-image-89274\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch jako je X nebo Facebook existuj\u00ed funkce jako \u201erepost\u201c nebo \u201eto se mi l\u00edb\u00ed\u201c, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed snadn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informac\u00ed. Na druhou stranu to m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k rychl\u00e9mu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed senzacechtiv\u00fdch dezinformac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak\u00e1 je tedy pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost osob, kter\u00e9 se nepod\u00edlely na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dezinformace, ale pouze p\u0159isp\u011bly k jej\u00edmu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Abyste to pochopili, i ti, kte\u0159\u00ed se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed, mohou b\u00fdt pr\u00e1vn\u011b st\u00edh\u00e1ni, tak\u017ee je t\u0159eba b\u00fdt opatrn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V jednom p\u0159\u00edpadu druh\u00e9ho stupn\u011b civiln\u00edho soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed byl b\u00fdval\u00fd guvern\u00e9r prefektury \u00d3saka, Toru Hashimoto, \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkem sporu, kde bylo uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee novin\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd p\u0159eposlal (nyn\u00ed \u201erepost\u201c) p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek o n\u011bm na star\u00e9m Twitteru (nyn\u00ed X), se dopustil pomluvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byla diskutov\u00e1na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost ne osoby, kter\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek vytvo\u0159ila, ale osoby, kter\u00e1 ho \u0161\u00ed\u0159ila. Soud uvedl, \u017ee pokud n\u011bkdo p\u0159epos\u00edl\u00e1 p\u016fvodn\u00ed tweet, kter\u00fd sni\u017euje soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed jin\u00e9 osoby, nese p\u0159epos\u00edlaj\u00edc\u00ed strana odpov\u011bdnost za protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, pokud neexistuj\u00ed okolnosti vylu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed nez\u00e1konnost, bez ohledu na okolnosti, \u00famysl nebo \u00fa\u010del. D\u00e1le soud rozhodl, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed tweet sni\u017eoval soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed pana Hashimota a \u017ee novin\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd tweet p\u0159eposlal, byl nedbal\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto m\u016f\u017ee i snadn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informac\u00ed jedn\u00edm kliknut\u00edm na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch v\u00e9st k pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jak_reagovat_na_reputacni_riziko_zpusobene_dezinformacemi_podle_japonskeho_prava\"><\/span>Jak reagovat na reputa\u010dn\u00ed riziko zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 dezinformacemi podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Reputa\u010dn\u00ed riziko je \u0161koda zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 z\u00e1kladem neopodstatn\u011bn\u00fdch f\u00e1m (podle &#8220;Daijisen&#8221;). To se obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b t\u00fdk\u00e1 ekonomick\u00fdch a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161kod. Firmy v Japonsku mohou utrp\u011bt reputa\u010dn\u00ed riziko v d\u016fsledku \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dezinformace na internetu mohou b\u00fdt, jak bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e, sledov\u00e1ny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm IP adres a dal\u0161\u00edch informac\u00ed o autorovi, kter\u00e9 poskytovatel\u00e9 internetov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed v logu po ur\u010ditou dobu. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je mo\u017en\u00e9 autora p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku identifikovat na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto informac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Identifikac\u00ed autora je mo\u017en\u00e9 podat trestn\u00ed ozn\u00e1men\u00ed nebo po\u017eadovat n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm civiln\u00edho soudn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Podrobn\u00fd postup, jak reagovat na reputa\u010dn\u00ed riziko, je vysv\u011btlen v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/countermeasures-against-reputational-damage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Co je reputa\u010dn\u00ed riziko? Srozumiteln\u00fd v\u00fdklad opat\u0159en\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b po\u0161kozen\u00ed reputace[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti_Demagogie_a_skody_na_povesti_%E2%80%93_konzultujte_s_advokatem\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed: Demagogie a \u0161kody na pov\u011bsti \u2013 konzultujte s advok\u00e1tem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Demagogie na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee v dob\u011b katastrof zp\u016fsobit v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed zmatky. I kdy\u017e se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t, \u017ee jste n\u011bco zve\u0159ejnili bez zl\u00fdch \u00famysl\u016f, m\u016f\u017eete b\u00fdt st\u00edh\u00e1ni za trestn\u00e9 \u010diny jako je pomluva, po\u0161kozen\u00ed kreditu nebo podvodn\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. Stejn\u011b tak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za podobn\u00fd zlo\u010din.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed snadn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed informac\u00ed, m\u011bli bychom b\u00fdt p\u0159i jejich zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b opatrn\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm je informace senzacion\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u00edce bychom se m\u011bli p\u0159ed jej\u00edm \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm ujistit, \u017ee je pravdiv\u00e1, a to konzultac\u00ed s d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdmi zdroji jako jsou zpravodajsk\u00e9 agentury nebo ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed a d\u016fkladn\u011b ov\u011b\u0159ovat fakta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Predstaveni_opatreni_nasi_kancelare\"><\/span>P\u0159edstaven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith je firma, kter\u00e1 se specializuje na IT, zejm\u00e9na na internet a pr\u00e1vo, a m\u00e1 v t\u011bchto oblastech bohat\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti. V posledn\u00edch letech m\u016f\u017ee ignorov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed o reputa\u010dn\u00edm riziku a pomluv\u00e1ch \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00edch se na internetu v\u00e9st k v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm \u0161kod\u00e1m. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 poskytuje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed reputa\u010dn\u00edho rizika a krizov\u00e9 situace. Podrobnosti naleznete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oblasti pr\u00e1ce pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e Monolith: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/listedcompanies\" target=\"_blank\">Opat\u0159en\u00ed proti reputa\u010dn\u00edmu riziku pro k\u00f3tovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a dal\u0161\u00ed[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dne 1. ledna 2024 (\u4ee4\u548c6\u5e741\u67081\u65e5) zas\u00e1hlo poloostrov Noto v prefektu\u0159e Ishikawa v Japonsku siln\u00e9 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobilo rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u0161kody. Netrp\u011bliv\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me rychlou obnovu posti\u017een\u00fdch oblast\u00ed. Spolu  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":66256,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[21,41],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66042"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66042"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66042\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66257,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66042\/revisions\/66257"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66256"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66042"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66042"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}