{"id":66110,"date":"2025-08-08T17:38:17","date_gmt":"2025-08-08T08:38:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=66110"},"modified":"2025-09-26T01:55:16","modified_gmt":"2025-09-25T16:55:16","slug":"nomination-committee-company","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/nomination-committee-company","title":{"rendered":"Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed syst\u00e9mu spole\u010dnost\u00ed s v\u00fdborem pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed atd. podle japonsk\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Japonsk\u00e9 korpora\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo (Japanese Corporate Law) nab\u00edz\u00ed n\u011bkolik mo\u017enost\u00ed pro strukturu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed akciov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, neboli korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed governance. Jednou z pokro\u010dil\u00fdch institucion\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00faprav, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed za c\u00edl zv\u00fd\u0161it transparentnost a dohled nad veden\u00edm spole\u010dnosti, je syst\u00e9m zvan\u00fd \u201espole\u010dnost s v\u00fdbory pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed\u201c (\u6307\u540d\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u7b49\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4f1a\u793e). Tento syst\u00e9m m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 ko\u0159eny v reform\u011b z\u00e1kona o obchodn\u00edch spole\u010dnostech z roku 2002 (2002), kter\u00e1 zavedla \u201espole\u010dnost s v\u00fdbory\u201c (\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u7b49\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4f1a\u793e), a byl p\u0159ijat v r\u00e1mci japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o spole\u010dnostech z roku 2005 (2005). Na rozd\u00edl od tradi\u010dn\u00edch japonsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed s auditn\u00edm v\u00fdborem, spole\u010dnost s v\u00fdbory pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00e1 jako hlavn\u00ed rys jasn\u011b odd\u011blen\u00e9 funkce dohledu nad veden\u00edm a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operac\u00ed. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rada soust\u0159ed\u00ed na rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o z\u00e1kladn\u00edch sm\u011brech podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a dohled, zat\u00edmco ka\u017edodenn\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operac\u00ed je sv\u011b\u0159eno pozici zvan\u00e9 \u201ev\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u0159editel\u201c. Spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rada je povinna m\u00edt uvnit\u0159 t\u0159i v\u00fdbory: v\u00fdbor pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed, auditn\u00ed v\u00fdbor a v\u00fdbor pro odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tyto v\u00fdbory maj\u00ed za \u00fakol nez\u00e1visle a objektivn\u011b rozhodovat o z\u00e1sadn\u00edch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed governance, jako jsou jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00edch rad, audit prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operac\u00ed a ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed odm\u011bn vedouc\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f. Po\u017eadavek, aby v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dlen\u016f ka\u017ed\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru tvo\u0159ili nez\u00e1visl\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00ed radn\u00ed, je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm mechanismem zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edm objektivitu tohoto syst\u00e9mu. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btl\u00edme syst\u00e9m spole\u010dnosti s v\u00fdbory pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed, jeho strukturu a role podle ustanoven\u00ed japonsk\u00e9ho korpora\u010dn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. Specificky se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na funkce spr\u00e1vn\u00edch rad a spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady v tomto syst\u00e9mu a na to, jak\u00e9 pravomoci a odpov\u011bdnosti maj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 v\u00fdbory pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed, audit a odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/nomination-committee-company\/#Co_je_spolecnost_s_vybory_pro_jmenovani_a_dalsi_v_Japonsku\" title=\"Co je spole\u010dnost s v\u00fdbory pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed v Japonsku\">Co je spole\u010dnost s v\u00fdbory pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed v Japonsku<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/nomination-committee-company\/#Role_spravni_rady_a_jejich_clenu_ve_spolecnostech_s_vyborem_pro_jmenovani_v_Japonsku\" title=\"Role spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady a jej\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f ve spole\u010dnostech s v\u00fdborem pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed v Japonsku\">Role spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady a jej\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f ve spole\u010dnostech s v\u00fdborem pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed v Japonsku<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/nomination-committee-company\/#Tri_vybory_a_jejich_spolecne_organizacni_pozadavky\" title=\"T\u0159i v\u00fdbory a jejich spole\u010dn\u00e9 organiza\u010dn\u00ed po\u017eadavky\">T\u0159i v\u00fdbory a jejich spole\u010dn\u00e9 organiza\u010dn\u00ed po\u017eadavky<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/nomination-committee-company\/#Vyberova_komise\" title=\"V\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e1 komise\">V\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e1 komise<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/nomination-committee-company\/#Auditni_vybor\" title=\"Auditn\u00ed v\u00fdbor\">Auditn\u00ed v\u00fdbor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/nomination-committee-company\/#Odmenovaci_vybor_podle_japonskeho_prava\" title=\"Odm\u011b\u0148ovac\u00ed v\u00fdbor podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Odm\u011b\u0148ovac\u00ed v\u00fdbor podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/nomination-committee-company\/#Porovnani_s_jinymi_organizacnimi_strukturami\" title=\"Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi organiza\u010dn\u00edmi strukturami\">Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi organiza\u010dn\u00edmi strukturami<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/nomination-committee-company\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_je_spolecnost_s_vybory_pro_jmenovani_a_dalsi_v_Japonsku\"><\/span>Co je spole\u010dnost s v\u00fdbory pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed v Japonsku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Spole\u010dnost s v\u00fdbory pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed je typ organiza\u010dn\u00ed struktury akciov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti definovan\u00fd v \u010dl\u00e1nku 2, odstavec 12 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o spole\u010dnostech. Spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 tento syst\u00e9m p\u0159ijmou, jsou z\u00e1konn\u011b povinny z\u0159\u00eddit t\u0159i v\u00fdbory: v\u00fdbor pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdbor pro audit a v\u00fdbor pro odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Hlavn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem tohoto syst\u00e9mu je odd\u011blit &#8220;dohled&#8221; a &#8220;prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed obchodn\u00edch operac\u00ed&#8221; v r\u00e1mci \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. D\u00edky tomu se spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rada m\u016f\u017ee distancovat od ka\u017edodenn\u00edho prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed obchodn\u00edch operac\u00ed a soust\u0159edit se na objektivn\u00ed dohled nad v\u00fdkonem veden\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. Skute\u010dn\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed obchodn\u00edch operac\u00ed je pak v rukou &#8220;v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch \u0159editel\u016f&#8221;, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou jmenov\u00e1ni spr\u00e1vn\u00ed radou. Toto jasn\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed dohledu a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed vede ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed transparentnosti rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed v managementu a posiluje odpov\u011bdnost v\u016f\u010di akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edm zainteresovan\u00fdm stran\u00e1m. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b mezi zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi investory je tento syst\u00e9m \u010dasto hodnocen jako bl\u00edzk\u00fd mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm standard\u016fm spr\u00e1vy a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Ve spole\u010dnosti s v\u00fdbory pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed maj\u00ed zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 t\u0159i v\u00fdbory rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 pravomoci v z\u00e1le\u017eitostech, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1kladem \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, jako jsou person\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zky, audit a odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. A podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 400, odstavec 3 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o spole\u010dnostech mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u011bt\u0161ina \u010dlen\u016f ka\u017ed\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru (\u010dlen\u016f v\u00fdboru) &#8220;nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi \u0159editeli&#8221;, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed veden\u00ed dan\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Tento po\u017eadavek m\u00e1 za c\u00edl zabr\u00e1nit rozhodnut\u00edm o person\u00e1ln\u00edch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch a odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by byla zalo\u017eena na osobn\u00edch z\u00e1jmech veden\u00ed, a usiluje o dosa\u017een\u00ed objektivn\u00ed a spravedliv\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_spravni_rady_a_jejich_clenu_ve_spolecnostech_s_vyborem_pro_jmenovani_v_Japonsku\"><\/span>Role spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady a jej\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f ve spole\u010dnostech s v\u00fdborem pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed v Japonsku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Role spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady ve spole\u010dnostech s v\u00fdborem pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od spr\u00e1vn\u00edch rad v jin\u00fdch typech spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rada obvykle neprov\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 416 odst. 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o spole\u010dnostech (Companies Act) jsou pravomoci spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady ve spole\u010dnostech s v\u00fdborem pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed definov\u00e1ny n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>Rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o z\u00e1kladn\u00edch sm\u011brech podnik\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o z\u00e1le\u017eitostech nezbytn\u00fdch pro v\u00fdkon povinnost\u00ed v\u00fdboru pro audit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dohled nad v\u00fdkonem povinnost\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch \u0159editel\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejprve spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rada rozhoduje o z\u00e1kladn\u00edch sm\u011brech podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed st\u0159edn\u011bdob\u00fdch podnikatelsk\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f nebo rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch investic\u00edch, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed z\u00e1klad\u016f spole\u010dnosti. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto z\u00e1kladn\u00edch sm\u011br\u016f nen\u00ed \u00fakolem spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady, ale je sv\u011b\u0159eno v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm \u0159editel\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rada nese odpov\u011bdnost za vytvo\u0159en\u00ed efektivn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd umo\u017en\u00ed v\u00fdboru pro audit dohl\u00ed\u017eet na v\u00fdkon povinnost\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch \u0159editel\u016f a \u010dlen\u016f spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00falohou je dohled nad v\u00fdkonn\u00fdmi \u0159editeli. Spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rada sleduje, zda v\u00fdkonn\u00ed \u0159editel\u00e9 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed spole\u010dnost v souladu se z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi sm\u011bry a hodnot\u00ed jejich v\u00fdsledky. Aby byla tato dozor\u010d\u00ed funkce efektivn\u00ed, spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rada m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 pravomoc rozhodovat o jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed a odvol\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch \u0159editel\u016f a \u010dlen\u016f spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady (podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 416 odst. 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o spole\u010dnostech). Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, o n\u00e1vrz\u00edch na jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed a odvol\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlen\u016f spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159edkl\u00e1daj\u00ed valn\u00e9 hromad\u011b akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f, rozhoduje v\u00fdbor pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed, o kter\u00e9m bude \u0159e\u010d pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto \u010dlenov\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady ve spole\u010dnostech s v\u00fdborem pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed nesou odpov\u011bdnost ne jako v\u00fdkonn\u00ed \u0159editel\u00e9, ale jako dozorci nad \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm spole\u010dnosti. Toto je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozd\u00edl oproti \u010dlen\u016fm spr\u00e1vn\u00edch rad v jin\u00fdch typech spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed \u010dasto sami prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. D\u00e1le, podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 415 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o spole\u010dnostech m\u016f\u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rada v\u00fdrazn\u011b delegovat rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o v\u00fdkonn\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 \u0159editele, pokud to nen\u00ed stanoveno z\u00e1konem nebo stanovami jako v\u00fdsada spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady. T\u00edmto je zaji\u0161t\u011bno jasn\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed dohledu a v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed i na \u00farovni pr\u00e1vn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tri_vybory_a_jejich_spolecne_organizacni_pozadavky\"><\/span>T\u0159i v\u00fdbory a jejich spole\u010dn\u00e9 organiza\u010dn\u00ed po\u017eadavky<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>J\u00e1drem spr\u00e1vy spole\u010dnost\u00ed s v\u00fdbory, jako jsou v\u00fdbor pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed, auditn\u00ed v\u00fdbor a v\u00fdbor pro odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto t\u0159i v\u00fdbory. Tyto v\u00fdbory jsou org\u00e1ny z\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady a ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich nez\u00e1visle vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pravomoci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro v\u0161echny t\u0159i v\u00fdbory existuj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 organiza\u010dn\u00ed po\u017eadavky stanoven\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nkem 400 Japonsk\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku (Companies Act). Za prv\u00e9, ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00fdbor mus\u00ed b\u00fdt slo\u017een z nejm\u00e9n\u011b t\u0159\u00ed \u010dlen\u016f spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady (odstavec 1 t\u00e9ho\u017e \u010dl\u00e1nku). Za druh\u00e9, a co je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161ina \u010dlen\u016f ka\u017ed\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru mus\u00ed b\u00fdt extern\u00edmi \u010dleny spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady (odstavec 3 t\u00e9ho\u017e \u010dl\u00e1nku). Extern\u00ed \u010dlen spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady je definov\u00e1n jako \u010dlen spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed zam\u011bstnancem nebo v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm pracovn\u00edkem dan\u00e9 akciov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti nebo jej\u00ed dce\u0159in\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a kter\u00fd stoj\u00ed mimo veden\u00ed spole\u010dnosti (\u010dl\u00e1nek 2, odstavec 15, Japonsk\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku). Tento po\u017eadavek zaji\u0161\u0165uje objektivitu a spravedlnost rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed a diskus\u00ed v ka\u017ed\u00e9m v\u00fdboru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyberova_komise\"><\/span>V\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e1 komise<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e1 komise m\u00e1 pravomoc rozhodovat o obsahu n\u00e1vrh\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed a odvol\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlen\u016f spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159edkl\u00e1daj\u00ed valn\u00e9 hromad\u011b akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f (\u010dl\u00e1nek 404 odstavec 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku spole\u010dnost\u00ed). To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee rozhodnut\u00ed o tom, kdo bude kandid\u00e1tem na \u010dlena spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady a koho je t\u0159eba odvolat, nen\u00ed v pravomoci gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159editele nebo prezidenta spole\u010dnosti, ale t\u00e9to v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e9 komise. V\u00fdb\u011brov\u00e1 komise, ve kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inu nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady, m\u00e1 tuto pravomoc, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo takzvan\u00e9mu &#8220;nepotismu&#8221; p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru \u010dlen\u016f spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady, kdy by si vedouc\u00ed pracovn\u00edci mohli vyb\u00edrat osoby, kter\u00e9 jsou pro n\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u00e9. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem je zaji\u0161t\u011bna objektivita a diverzita slo\u017een\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady, co\u017e vede ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed jej\u00ed dozor\u010d\u00ed funkce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Auditni_vybor\"><\/span>Auditn\u00ed v\u00fdbor<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Auditn\u00ed v\u00fdbor m\u00e1 pravomoc auditovat v\u00fdkon povinnost\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch \u0159editel\u016f a \u010dlen\u016f spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady a vytv\u00e1\u0159et auditorsk\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 404 odstavec 2 bod 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o spole\u010dnostech (\u4f1a\u793e\u6cd5). Tato pravomoc zahrnuje \u0161irok\u00e9 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed k pro\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed stavu podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a majetku spole\u010dnosti. Auditn\u00ed v\u00fdbor m\u016f\u017ee kdykoliv po\u017eadovat zpr\u00e1vy o podnik\u00e1n\u00ed od v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch \u0159editel\u016f nebo zam\u011bstnanc\u016f a pro\u0161et\u0159it stav podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a majetku spole\u010dnosti podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 405 odstavec 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o spole\u010dnostech. D\u00e1le m\u00e1 povinnost hl\u00e1sit jak\u00e9koli nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zna\u010dn\u011b nespravedliv\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rad\u011b podle odstavce 2 t\u00e9ho\u017e \u010dl\u00e1nku. Auditn\u00ed v\u00fdbor m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 pravomoc rozhodovat o obsahu n\u00e1vrh\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed, odvol\u00e1n\u00ed nebo neop\u011btovn\u00e9ho jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010detn\u00edch auditor\u016f, co\u017e je ustanoveno v \u010dl\u00e1nku 404 odstavec 2 bod 2 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o spole\u010dnostech. T\u00edm je zaji\u0161t\u011bna nez\u00e1vislost \u00fa\u010detn\u00edho auditu. V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s auditn\u00edmi v\u00fdbory ve spole\u010dnostech s auditn\u00edm v\u00fdborem maj\u00ed auditn\u00ed v\u00fdbory siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pravomoci a jako org\u00e1n uvnit\u0159 spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady se p\u0159\u00edmoji pod\u00edlej\u00ed na dohledu nad \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Odmenovaci_vybor_podle_japonskeho_prava\"><\/span>Odm\u011b\u0148ovac\u00ed v\u00fdbor podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Odm\u011b\u0148ovac\u00ed v\u00fdbor m\u00e1 pravomoc rozhodovat o obsahu individu\u00e1ln\u00edch odm\u011bn a jin\u00fdch kompenzac\u00ed pro v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 \u0159editele a \u010dleny spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady (\u010dl\u00e1nek 404 odstavec 3 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o spole\u010dnostech). Podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o spole\u010dnostech se term\u00edn &#8220;odm\u011bny a jin\u00e9 kompenzace&#8221; vztahuje na odm\u011bny, bonusy a dal\u0161\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdhody, kter\u00e9 osoba obdr\u017e\u00ed od spole\u010dnosti jako protihodnotu za v\u00fdkon sv\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed. Odm\u011b\u0148ovac\u00ed v\u00fdbor ur\u010duje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161i odm\u011bn jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady na z\u00e1klad\u011b objektivn\u00edch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed, kter\u00e1 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed v\u00fdkonnost spole\u010dnosti a p\u0159\u00ednosy jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dlen\u016f odm\u011b\u0148ovac\u00edho v\u00fdboru tvo\u0159\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee v\u00fd\u0161e odm\u011bn nen\u00ed neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b vysok\u00e1 a \u017ee proces jejich stanoven\u00ed je transparentn\u00ed. Transparentnost a spravedlnost procesu stanoven\u00ed odm\u011bn \u010dlen\u016f spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f, a odm\u011b\u0148ovac\u00ed v\u00fdbor hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v institucion\u00e1ln\u00edm zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto princip\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Porovnani_s_jinymi_organizacnimi_strukturami\"><\/span>Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi organiza\u010dn\u00edmi strukturami<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed s v\u00fdbory pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed a podobn\u011b je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 porovnat je s nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm typem organiza\u010dn\u00ed struktury v Japonsku, a to s &#8220;spole\u010dnostmi s dozor\u010d\u00ed radou&#8221;. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulka shrnuje hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edly mezi ob\u011bma typy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td>Porovn\u00e1van\u00fd prvek<\/td><td>Spole\u010dnosti s v\u00fdbory pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed atd.<\/td><td>Spole\u010dnosti s dozor\u010d\u00ed radou<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Dozor\u010d\u00ed a auditn\u00ed org\u00e1ny<\/td><td>Spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rada (a jej\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed auditn\u00ed v\u00fdbor)<\/td><td>Spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rada a dozor\u010d\u00ed rada<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Org\u00e1ny pro v\u00fdkon \u010dinnosti<\/td><td>V\u00fdkonn\u00ed \u0159editel\u00e9<\/td><td>P\u0159edseda spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady a v\u00fdkonn\u00ed \u0159editel\u00e9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hlavn\u00ed role spr\u00e1vn\u00edch rad<\/td><td>Rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o z\u00e1kladn\u00edch sm\u011brech podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a dohled nad v\u00fdkonn\u00fdmi \u0159editeli<\/td><td>Rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed, vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd dohled<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o person\u00e1ln\u00edch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch spr\u00e1vn\u00edch rad<\/td><td>V\u00fdbor pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed rozhoduje o n\u00e1vrz\u00edch na volbu a odvol\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlen\u016f spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady<\/td><td>Spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rada rozhoduje o n\u00e1vrz\u00edch na volbu a odvol\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlen\u016f spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o odm\u011bn\u00e1ch \u010dlen\u016f spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady<\/td><td>V\u00fdbor pro odm\u011bny rozhoduje o individu\u00e1ln\u00edch odm\u011bn\u00e1ch<\/td><td>Stanovy nebo valn\u00e1 hromada rozhoduj\u00ed o celkov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stce a spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rada rozhoduje o individu\u00e1ln\u00edm rozd\u011blen\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Struktura auditn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f<\/td><td>Auditn\u00ed v\u00fdbor (v\u011bt\u0161ina \u010dlen\u016f jsou extern\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00ed radn\u00ed)<\/td><td>Dozor\u010d\u00ed rada (v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina dozorc\u016f jsou extern\u00ed dozorci)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vztah mezi dohledem a v\u00fdkonem<\/td><td>Z\u00e1sadn\u011b jasn\u011b odd\u011blen\u00e9<\/td><td>\u010casto integrovan\u00e9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak tabulka ukazuje, spole\u010dnosti s v\u00fdbory pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed atd. maj\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u011b odd\u011blen\u00e9 funkce dohledu a v\u00fdkonu \u010dinnosti a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed silnou \u00fa\u010dast extern\u00edch spr\u00e1vn\u00edch radn\u00edch na rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech, jako jsou person\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zky a odm\u011bny. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se sna\u017e\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout objektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho a transparentn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, co\u017e je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozd\u00edl oproti spole\u010dnostem s dozor\u010d\u00ed radou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku jsme vysv\u011btlili syst\u00e9m spole\u010dnost\u00ed s v\u00fdbory pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed atd. (kansayaku-kai), jak je definov\u00e1n japonsk\u00fdm obchodn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u00edkem, jeho institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1mec, roli jednotliv\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f a porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my. C\u00edlem tohoto syst\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vy a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je zv\u00fd\u0161it objektivitu a transparentnost \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti t\u00edm, \u017ee jasn\u011b odd\u011bl\u00ed dohledovou funkci spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady od v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 funkce v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch \u0159editel\u016f a zavede t\u0159i v\u00fdbory &#8211; pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed, audit a odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed &#8211; uvnit\u0159 spr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b povinnost m\u00edt ve v\u00fdborech v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dlen\u016f z \u0159ad nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch \u0159editel\u016f je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch investor\u016f. Pro spole\u010dnosti p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed v Japonsku nebo ty, kter\u00e9 zva\u017euj\u00ed obchodn\u00ed transakce \u010di investice do japonsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, je nezbytn\u00e9 porozum\u011bt syst\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vy a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed protistrany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith m\u00e1 bohat\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti a \u00fasp\u011bchy v oblasti obchodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, v\u010detn\u011b japonsk\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku. V na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159i pracuj\u00ed odborn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed nejen japonskou advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kvalifikaci, ale i zahrani\u010dn\u00ed advok\u00e1tn\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed a jsou plynul\u00ed v japon\u0161tin\u011b a angli\u010dtin\u011b. Poskytli jsme praktick\u00e9 a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed rady dom\u00e1c\u00edm i zahrani\u010dn\u00edm klient\u016fm ohledn\u011b p\u0159echodu na spole\u010dnosti s v\u00fdbory pro jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed atd., v\u00fdb\u011bru nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch \u0159editel\u016f, provozu v\u00fdbor\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch slo\u017eit\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se japonsk\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku. Pokud pot\u0159ebujete vybudovat pevn\u00fd syst\u00e9m spr\u00e1vy a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v Japonsku nebo se vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami, nev\u00e1hejte se obr\u00e1tit na na\u0161i kancel\u00e1\u0159.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Japonsk\u00e9 korpora\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo (Japanese Corporate Law) nab\u00edz\u00ed n\u011bkolik mo\u017enost\u00ed pro strukturu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed akciov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, neboli korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed governance. Jednou z pokro\u010dil\u00fdch institucion\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00faprav, kter\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":66436,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,90],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66110"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66110"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66110\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66438,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66110\/revisions\/66438"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}