{"id":66333,"date":"2025-09-02T17:01:28","date_gmt":"2025-09-02T08:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=66333"},"modified":"2025-10-09T22:43:51","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T13:43:51","slug":"shareholder-rights-director-japan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/shareholder-rights-director-japan","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e1va akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f podle japonsk\u00e9ho obchodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va: R\u016fzn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu \u010dinnosti p\u0159edstavenstva"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V japonsk\u00e9 akciov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti je \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sv\u011b\u0159eno p\u0159edstavenstvu a jednotliv\u00fdm \u0159editel\u016fm. Toto pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ak nen\u00ed absolutn\u00ed, proto\u017ee akcion\u00e1\u0159i, jako\u017eto vlastn\u00edci spole\u010dnosti, hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v dohledu nad t\u00edm, zda je \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bno spr\u00e1vn\u011b a leg\u00e1ln\u011b. Tato dohledov\u00e1 pravomoc akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f je nezbytn\u00e1 pro zdrav\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dnosti a udr\u017een\u00ed jej\u00ed hodnoty. Mnoho lid\u00ed pova\u017euje za nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1vo akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f mo\u017enost podat &#8220;akcion\u00e1\u0159skou \u017ealobu&#8221; proti \u0159editel\u016fm, pokud jejich protipr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsob\u00ed spole\u010dnosti \u0161kodu, a t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem vym\u00e1hat n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody jm\u00e9nem spole\u010dnosti. Tato \u017ealoba je siln\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro dodate\u010dn\u00e9 obnoven\u00ed vznikl\u00e9 \u0161kody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, pravomoci, kter\u00e9 japonsk\u00e9 korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo poskytuje akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, nejsou omezeny pouze na dodate\u010dn\u00e9 obnoven\u00ed \u0161kod. Sp\u00ed\u0161e je k dispozici rozmanit\u00e1 a sofistikovan\u00e1 sada pr\u00e1vn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed aktivn\u011bji a preventivn\u011bji zajistit spr\u00e1vnost \u010dinnosti spole\u010dnosti. Tato pr\u00e1va podporuj\u00ed princip &#8220;rovnosti akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f&#8221; stanoven\u00fd v \u010dl\u00e1nku 109, odstavec 1 japonsk\u00e9ho korpor\u00e1tn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. Tento princip ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 spole\u010dnosti povinnost zach\u00e1zet se v\u0161emi akcion\u00e1\u0159i rovnocenn\u011b podle obsahu a po\u010dtu jejich pr\u00e1v, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zabra\u0148uje situac\u00edm, kdy by z\u00e1jmy n\u011bkter\u00fdch akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f mohly po\u0161kodit celkov\u00fd prosp\u011bch spole\u010dnosti. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se zam\u011b\u0159uje na t\u0159i d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 zt\u011bles\u0148uj\u00ed tento princip, krom\u011b akcion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017ealoby, a to &#8220;pr\u00e1vo na zastaven\u00ed nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed&#8221;, &#8220;pr\u00e1vo na jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed inspektora&#8221;. Tato pr\u00e1va maj\u00ed preventivn\u00ed funkci, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed vzniku \u0161kod, vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed funkci, kter\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161\u00ed netransparentnost \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, a roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed funkci, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti v r\u00e1mci slo\u017eit\u00fdch podnikov\u00fdch skupin, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed siln\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji pro akcion\u00e1\u0159e k efektivn\u00edmu zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/shareholder-rights-director-japan\/#Jak_Predejit_Nepravostem_Reditelu_Pravo_na_Zakaz_Nezakonnych_Cinnosti_v_Japonsku\" title=\"Jak P\u0159edej\u00edt Nepr\u00e1vostem \u0158editel\u016f: Pr\u00e1vo na Z\u00e1kaz Nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch \u010cinnost\u00ed v Japonsku\">Jak P\u0159edej\u00edt Nepr\u00e1vostem \u0158editel\u016f: Pr\u00e1vo na Z\u00e1kaz Nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch \u010cinnost\u00ed v Japonsku<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/shareholder-rights-director-japan\/#Prehled_Systemu_a_Pravni_Zaklad\" title=\"P\u0159ehled Syst\u00e9mu a Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed Z\u00e1klad\">P\u0159ehled Syst\u00e9mu a Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed Z\u00e1klad<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/shareholder-rights-director-japan\/#Japonske_Soudni_Pripady\" title=\"Japonsk\u00e9 Soudn\u00ed P\u0159\u00edpady\">Japonsk\u00e9 Soudn\u00ed P\u0159\u00edpady<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/shareholder-rights-director-japan\/#Zajisteni_transparentnosti_rizeni_Pravo_na_jmenovani_inspektora\" title=\"Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed transparentnosti \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: Pr\u00e1vo na jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed inspektora\">Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed transparentnosti \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: Pr\u00e1vo na jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed inspektora<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/shareholder-rights-director-japan\/#Prehled_systemu_a_pravni_zaklad\" title=\"P\u0159ehled syst\u00e9mu a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad\">P\u0159ehled syst\u00e9mu a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/shareholder-rights-director-japan\/#Japonske_soudni_pripady\" title=\"Japonsk\u00e9 soudn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady\">Japonsk\u00e9 soudn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/shareholder-rights-director-japan\/#Srovnani_dozorcich_pravomoci_akcionaru_v_Japonsku\" title=\"Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed dozor\u010d\u00edch pravomoc\u00ed akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f v Japonsku\">Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed dozor\u010d\u00edch pravomoc\u00ed akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f v Japonsku<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/shareholder-rights-director-japan\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jak_Predejit_Nepravostem_Reditelu_Pravo_na_Zakaz_Nezakonnych_Cinnosti_v_Japonsku\"><\/span>Jak P\u0159edej\u00edt Nepr\u00e1vostem \u0158editel\u016f: Pr\u00e1vo na Z\u00e1kaz Nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch \u010cinnost\u00ed v Japonsku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prehled_Systemu_a_Pravni_Zaklad\"><\/span>P\u0159ehled Syst\u00e9mu a Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed Z\u00e1klad<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezi pr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed akcion\u00e1\u0159i, je nejp\u0159\u00edm\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a preventivn\u00ed povahy &#8220;pr\u00e1vo na z\u00e1kaz nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed&#8221;. Toto pr\u00e1vo m\u00e1 za c\u00edl zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby \u0159editel\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bli nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e9 by mohly zp\u016fsobit nenapraviteln\u00e9 \u0161kody spole\u010dnosti. Na rozd\u00edl od akcion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017ealoby, kter\u00e1 se sna\u017e\u00ed o n\u00e1pravu \u0161kod po jejich vzniku, toto pr\u00e1vo p\u0159edstavuje d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd preventivn\u00ed prost\u0159edek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad tohoto pr\u00e1va se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v japonsk\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b o korporac\u00edch, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v \u010dl\u00e1nku 360, odstavec 1. Podle tohoto ustanoven\u00ed mohou akcion\u00e1\u0159i po\u017eadovat z\u00e1kaz \u010dinnost\u00ed \u0159editel\u016f, pokud tyto \u010dinnosti p\u0159esahuj\u00ed \u00fa\u010del spole\u010dnosti nebo poru\u0161uj\u00ed jin\u00e9 z\u00e1kony \u010di stanovy, a pokud existuje riziko, \u017ee zp\u016fsob\u00ed spole\u010dnosti &#8220;v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 \u0161kody&#8221;. Pro uplatn\u011bn\u00ed tohoto pr\u00e1va jsou dv\u011b podm\u00ednky. Za prv\u00e9, \u010dinnost \u0159editel\u016f mus\u00ed poru\u0161ovat z\u00e1kony nebo stanovy. Za druh\u00e9, mus\u00ed existovat konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed riziko, \u017ee tato \u010dinnost zp\u016fsob\u00ed spole\u010dnosti &#8220;v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 \u0161kody&#8221;. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee toto pr\u00e1vo lze uplatnit pouze proti budouc\u00edm nebo prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dinnostem, nikoli proti \u010dinnostem, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e byly dokon\u010deny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed ve firm\u00e1ch prob\u00edh\u00e1 rychle, b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010dasto nedok\u00e1\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout \u00fa\u010delu z\u00e1kazu. Proto se toto pr\u00e1vo v praxi obvykle uplat\u0148uje prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm &#8220;n\u00e1vrhu na p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed&#8221;, co\u017e je ochrann\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje soudu rychle rozhodnout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Japonske_Soudni_Pripady\"><\/span>Japonsk\u00e9 Soudn\u00ed P\u0159\u00edpady<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro ilustraci soudn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu k tomuto pr\u00e1vu, i kdy\u017e se nejedn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo o p\u0159\u00edpad podle z\u00e1kona o korporac\u00edch, je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zm\u00ednit rozhodnut\u00ed japonsk\u00e9ho Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu z 24. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2002. Tento p\u0159\u00edpad se t\u00fdkal poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1va na soukrom\u00ed v souvislosti s rom\u00e1nem &#8220;Ryba plovouc\u00ed v kameni&#8221;. Soud stanovil, \u017ee pokud je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee dojde k poru\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by mohlo zp\u016fsobit ob\u011bti z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 a obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b napraviteln\u00e9 \u0161kody, a pokud je n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 n\u00e1prava zna\u010dn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1, m\u011bl by b\u00fdt p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fd z\u00e1kaz povolen. Tento koncept &#8220;z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch a obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b napraviteln\u00fdch \u0161kod&#8221; se prom\u00edt\u00e1 i do interpretace &#8220;v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch \u0161kod&#8221; v z\u00e1kon\u011b o korporac\u00edch a nazna\u010duje, jak soudy omezuj\u00ed preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed na skute\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jako p\u0159\u00edklad aplikace v praxi firemn\u00edho pr\u00e1va lze uv\u00e9st p\u0159\u00edpad p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho opat\u0159en\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edho se spole\u010dnosti Claire Holdings, o kter\u00e9m rozhodl Tokijsk\u00fd okresn\u00ed soud 17. \u00fanora 2021. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b akcion\u00e1\u0159i po\u017eadovali z\u00e1kaz ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou valnou hromadou, ale soud n\u00e1vrh zam\u00edtl. Tento p\u0159\u00edpad ukazuje, \u017ee soudy p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b posuzuj\u00ed podm\u00ednku &#8220;v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch \u0161kod&#8221;. Pr\u00e1vo na z\u00e1kaz nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed jako &#8220;nouzov\u00e1 brzda&#8221; pro firmy, kter\u00e1 se uplat\u0148uje pouze v mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch situac\u00edch, kdy spole\u010dnosti hroz\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 krize. Akcion\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed toto pr\u00e1vo uplatnit, mus\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u011b prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee dan\u00e1 \u010dinnost p\u0159edstavuje v\u00e1\u017enou hrozbu pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, nikoli jen pouh\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zajisteni_transparentnosti_rizeni_Pravo_na_jmenovani_inspektora\"><\/span>Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed transparentnosti \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: Pr\u00e1vo na jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed inspektora<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prehled_systemu_a_pravni_zaklad\"><\/span>P\u0159ehled syst\u00e9mu a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V japonsk\u00fdch akciov\u00fdch spole\u010dnostech se mnoho informac\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed soust\u0159e\u010fuje u veden\u00ed, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zna\u010dnou informa\u010dn\u00ed asymetrii mezi veden\u00edm a akcion\u00e1\u0159i. I kdy\u017e se akcion\u00e1\u0159i sna\u017e\u00ed dohl\u00ed\u017eet na spr\u00e1vnost \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jejich pr\u00e1va se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed form\u00e1ln\u00edmi, pokud nemaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k p\u0159esn\u00fdm informac\u00edm, kter\u00e9 jsou pro tento dohled nezbytn\u00e9. Siln\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem k p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to informa\u010dn\u00ed propasti a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed transparentnosti \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je &#8220;pr\u00e1vo na jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed inspektora&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto pr\u00e1vo je upraveno v \u010dl\u00e1nku 358 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o korporac\u00edch (2005). Akcion\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed alespo\u0148 3 % hlasovac\u00edch pr\u00e1v v\u0161ech akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f, mohou po\u017e\u00e1dat soud o jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed inspektora, pokud existuj\u00ed d\u016fvody k podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee do\u0161lo k nez\u00e1konn\u00e9mu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed nebo k z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9mu poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u016f \u010di stanov spole\u010dnosti. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud soud tuto \u017e\u00e1dost schv\u00e1l\u00ed, jmenuje jako inspektora neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed stranu, nap\u0159\u00edklad pr\u00e1vn\u00edka nebo certifikovan\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010detn\u00edho. Jmenovan\u00fd inspektor m\u00e1 na z\u00e1klad\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00edch pravomoc\u00ed za \u00fakol prozkoumat stav podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a majetku spole\u010dnosti. Tyto pravomoci jsou siln\u00e9 a mohou se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it i na dce\u0159in\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Po dokon\u010den\u00ed \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed inspektor vypracuje podrobnou zpr\u00e1vu, kterou p\u0159edlo\u017e\u00ed soudu. Kopie t\u00e9to zpr\u00e1vy je tak\u00e9 poskytnuta akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed podali \u017e\u00e1dost. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b obsahu t\u00e9to zpr\u00e1vy m\u016f\u017ee soud, pokud to pova\u017euje za nutn\u00e9, na\u0159\u00eddit p\u0159edstavenstvu spole\u010dnosti svolat valnou hromadu akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f a p\u0159edlo\u017eit v\u00fdsledky \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Japonske_soudni_pripady\"><\/span>Japonsk\u00e9 soudn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u016flomov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem, kter\u00fd ukazuje, jak pr\u00e1vo na jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed inspektora funguje v praxi, je rozhodnut\u00ed pobo\u010dky soudu v \u0160imodate u Mito z 28. \u00fanora 2023. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b soud uznal \u017e\u00e1dost akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f a rozhodl o jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed inspektora. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pozoruhodn\u00fd byl rozsah vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f, kter\u00e9 soud na\u0159\u00eddil. Tyto \u00fakoly se neomezovaly pouze na vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010detn\u00edch nesrovnalost\u00ed, ale zahrnovaly tak\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed body. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Syst\u00e9m dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed japonsk\u00fdch pracovn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, jako je japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o pracovn\u00edch norm\u00e1ch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed k soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu a pracovn\u00edmu poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Syst\u00e9m dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o korporac\u00edch p\u0159i \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed valn\u00e9 hromady akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Syst\u00e9m dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o korporac\u00edch p\u0159i veden\u00ed a uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010detn\u00edch knih<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Syst\u00e9m dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f, jako je japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o dani z p\u0159\u00edjmu pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto rozhodnut\u00ed jasn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee soud interpretuje &#8220;nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; a &#8220;z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti&#8221; podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 358 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o korporac\u00edch nejen jako konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed podvodn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 jako \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed a struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my, jako je nedostatek z\u00e1kladn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f ve spole\u010dnosti. D\u00edky tomu se pr\u00e1vo na jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed inspektora pov\u00fd\u0161ilo z pouh\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje pro vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed nez\u00e1konnost\u00ed na prost\u0159edek pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed &#8220;komplexn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed prohl\u00eddky&#8221; spole\u010dnosti s podporou soudn\u00ed autority. Akcion\u00e1\u0159i mohou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tohoto pr\u00e1va osv\u011btlit \u010dernou sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ku \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a zajistit objektivn\u00ed a d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy. V\u00fdsledky tohoto \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed pak mohou slou\u017eit jako siln\u00fd z\u00e1klad pro dal\u0161\u00ed uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v, jako je pod\u00e1n\u00ed \u017ealoby na zastaven\u00ed nez\u00e1konn\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed nebo akcion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 \u017ealoba. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Srovnani_dozorcich_pravomoci_akcionaru_v_Japonsku\"><\/span>Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed dozor\u010d\u00edch pravomoc\u00ed akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f v Japonsku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak jsme dosud vid\u011bli, japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o korporac\u00edch uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bkolik pr\u00e1v akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely a funkce k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. Tato pr\u00e1va nejen\u017ee funguj\u00ed samostatn\u011b, ale jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. P\u0159i srovn\u00e1n\u00ed \u017ealoby akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f s pr\u00e1vem na zastaven\u00ed nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed a pr\u00e1vem na jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed inspektora se jasn\u011b ukazuj\u00ed rozd\u00edly v jejich strategick\u00fdch rol\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vo na zastaven\u00ed nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed je preventivn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo, kter\u00e9 zasahuje &#8220;p\u0159ed&#8221; vznikem \u0161kody. Jeho c\u00edlem je zastavit samotn\u00e9 nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, nikoli finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1hrada. Na druhou stranu, pr\u00e1vo na jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed inspektora slou\u017e\u00ed k &#8220;vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; v situac\u00edch, kdy je podez\u0159en\u00ed na nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ale chyb\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed d\u016fkazy. Jeho \u00fa\u010delem je objasn\u011bn\u00ed fakt\u016f neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u0159et\u00ed stranou a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed transparentnosti \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. \u017daloba akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f je pak prost\u0159edkem n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 n\u00e1pravy, kter\u00fd se zam\u011b\u0159uje na odpov\u011bdnost jednotliv\u00fdch \u0159editel\u016f po vzniku \u0161kody a usiluje o finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1hradu pro spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tato pr\u00e1va se li\u0161\u00ed v na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed (p\u0159ed, b\u011bhem, po), \u00fa\u010delu (zastaven\u00ed, vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, n\u00e1hrada), c\u00edli (\u010dinnost, informace, jednotliv\u00ed \u0159editel\u00e9) a strategick\u00e9 roli (nouzov\u00e1 brzda, sb\u011br informac\u00ed, finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1hrada). Akcion\u00e1\u0159i mus\u00ed tato pr\u00e1va vhodn\u011b vyb\u00edrat a kombinovat podle situace, kter\u00e9 \u010del\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak bylo podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btleno v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku, japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o korporac\u00edch poskytuje akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou vlastn\u00edky spole\u010dnosti, siln\u00e1 a mnohostrann\u00e1 pr\u00e1va k dohledu nad \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jeho spr\u00e1vnosti. \u0160iroce zn\u00e1m\u00e1 akcion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 \u017ealoba je pouze jedn\u00edm z prost\u0159edk\u016f k n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu obnoven\u00ed vznikl\u00e9 \u0161kody. V d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi hraje pr\u00e1vo na zastaven\u00ed nez\u00e1konn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed preventivn\u00ed roli, kter\u00e1 zabra\u0148uje vzniku \u0161kod, a pr\u00e1vo na jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed inspektora pln\u00ed roli vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 osv\u011btluje netransparentnost \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Tato pr\u00e1va poskytuj\u00ed akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016fm strategick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 situaci k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zdrav\u00e9ho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Monolith advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 m\u00e1 bohat\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm poradenstv\u00ed a zastupov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fznorod\u00fdch klient\u016f z Japonska i zahrani\u010d\u00ed v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch korpor\u00e1tn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a pr\u00e1v akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f, jak bylo vysv\u011btleno v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku. Na\u0161e kancel\u00e1\u0159 zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bkolik odborn\u00edk\u016f hovo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch anglicky, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch s kvalifikac\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f, co\u017e n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje podporovat klienty z mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed perspektivy v r\u00e1mci slo\u017eit\u00e9ho japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Akcion\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed obavy ohledn\u011b spr\u00e1vnosti \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, nebo spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 jako mana\u017ee\u0159i usiluj\u00ed o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vhodn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jsou v\u00edt\u00e1ni, aby se na na\u0161i kancel\u00e1\u0159 obr\u00e1tili.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V japonsk\u00e9 akciov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti je \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sv\u011b\u0159eno p\u0159edstavenstvu a jednotliv\u00fdm \u0159editel\u016fm. Toto pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ak nen\u00ed absolutn\u00ed, proto\u017ee akcion\u00e1\u0159i, jako\u017eto vlastn\u00edci spole\u010dnosti, hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v dohl [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":66334,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,90],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66333"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66333"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66333\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66565,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66333\/revisions\/66565"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66334"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66333"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66333"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66333"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}