{"id":66461,"date":"2025-10-08T16:08:33","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T07:08:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=66461"},"modified":"2025-10-15T05:46:30","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T20:46:30","slug":"disciplinary-dismissal-japan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/disciplinary-dismissal-japan","title":{"rendered":"Hodnocen\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v japonsk\u00e9m pracovn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V japonsk\u00e9m pracovn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu p\u0159edstavuje disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed trest, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee zam\u011bstnavatel v\u016f\u010di zam\u011bstnanci uplatnit<sup><\/sup>. Nejedn\u00e1 se pouze o ukon\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00ed smlouvy, ale tak\u00e9 o sankci za poru\u0161en\u00ed firemn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du ze strany zam\u011bstnance<sup><\/sup>. Disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed proto m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 negativn\u00ed d\u016fsledky pro kari\u00e9ru zam\u011bstnance, v\u010detn\u011b nevyplacen\u00ed nebo sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed odstupn\u00e9ho a v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed<sup><\/sup>. Vzhledem k z\u00e1va\u017enosti disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed japonsk\u00e9 soudy posuzuj\u00ed jeho platnost velmi p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b<sup><\/sup>. Je nezbytn\u00e9, aby podnikatel\u00e9 a pr\u00e1vn\u00edci pe\u010dliv\u011b pochopili pr\u00e1vn\u00ed po\u017eadavky a postupovali opatrn\u011b p\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Povrchn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bude pozd\u011bji shled\u00e1no neplatn\u00fdm a p\u0159inese podniku ne\u010dekan\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e1 rizika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek vysv\u011btluje, jak japonsk\u00e9 soudy posuzuj\u00ed platnost disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch, a to s d\u016frazem na kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mce a krit\u00e9ria hodnocen\u00ed. Zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme se zejm\u00e9na na dv\u011b po\u017eadavky stanoven\u00e9 japonsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem o pracovn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch: &#8216;objektivn\u011b rozumn\u00fd d\u016fvod&#8217; a &#8216;p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enost podle spole\u010densk\u00fdch norem&#8217;, a prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mnoha konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f analyzujeme, jak jsou tyto koncepty aplikov\u00e1ny v praxi. C\u00edlem tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku je pomoci podnik\u016fm p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edm v Japonsku spr\u00e1vn\u011b \u0159\u00eddit rizika spojen\u00e1 s pracovn\u00edmi vztahy a uplat\u0148ovat spr\u00e1vnou person\u00e1ln\u00ed a pracovn\u00ed politiku v souladu s pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/disciplinary-dismissal-japan\/#Podstatne_rozdily_mezi_karnym_propustenim_a_beznym_propustenim_podle_japonskeho_prava\" title=\"Podstatn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly mezi k\u00e1rn\u00fdm propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm a b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Podstatn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly mezi k\u00e1rn\u00fdm propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm a b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/disciplinary-dismissal-japan\/#Dve_pravni_zaklady_ridici_platnost_disciplinarniho_propusteni_podle_japonskeho_prava\" title=\"Dv\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klady \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed platnost disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Dv\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klady \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed platnost disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/disciplinary-dismissal-japan\/#Klicove_pozadavky_pro_posouzeni_platnosti_disciplinarniho_propusteni_podle_japonskeho_prava\" title=\"Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 po\u017eadavky pro posouzen\u00ed platnosti disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 po\u017eadavky pro posouzen\u00ed platnosti disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/disciplinary-dismissal-japan\/#Hlavni_duvody_pro_disciplinarni_propousteni_a_analyza_soudnich_pripadu_v_Japonsku\" title=\"Hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvody pro disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a anal\u00fdza soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f v Japonsku\">Hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvody pro disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a anal\u00fdza soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f v Japonsku<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/disciplinary-dismissal-japan\/#Podvodne_uvadeni_kvalifikace_podle_japonskeho_prava\" title=\"Podvodn\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed kvalifikace podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Podvodn\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed kvalifikace podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/disciplinary-dismissal-japan\/#Poruseni_pracovnich_prikazu_podle_japonskeho_prava\" title=\"Poru\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Poru\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/disciplinary-dismissal-japan\/#Pracovni_zpronevera_a_kradez\" title=\"Pracovn\u00ed zpronev\u011bra a kr\u00e1de\u017e\">Pracovn\u00ed zpronev\u011bra a kr\u00e1de\u017e<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/disciplinary-dismissal-japan\/#Neslavne_chovani_v_soukromem_zivote\" title=\"Neslavn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed v soukrom\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b\">Neslavn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed v soukrom\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/disciplinary-dismissal-japan\/#Prakticke_manazerske_aspekty_pri_zvazovani_kazenskeho_propusteni_podle_japonskeho_pracovniho_prava\" title=\"Praktick\u00e9 mana\u017eersk\u00e9 aspekty p\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9ho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edho pr\u00e1va\">Praktick\u00e9 mana\u017eersk\u00e9 aspekty p\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9ho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/disciplinary-dismissal-japan\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Podstatne_rozdily_mezi_karnym_propustenim_a_beznym_propustenim_podle_japonskeho_prava\"><\/span>Podstatn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly mezi k\u00e1rn\u00fdm propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm a b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V Japonsku existuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dva typy propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed: b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a k\u00e1rn\u00e9 propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. A\u010dkoli oba typy vedou k ukon\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00ed smlouvy, z\u00e1sadn\u011b se li\u0161\u00ed svou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed povahou a po\u017eadavky. Porozum\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bmto rozd\u00edl\u016fm je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro pochopen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsnosti, s jakou se posuzuje platnost k\u00e1rn\u00e9ho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je \u010dasto prov\u00e1d\u011bno z d\u016fvodu, \u017ee zam\u011bstnanec nen\u00ed schopen \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b plnit sv\u00e9 povinnosti vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z pracovn\u00ed smlouvy, jako je nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 kvalifikace, \u0161patn\u00fd pracovn\u00ed postoj nebo neschopnost pr\u00e1ce z d\u016fvodu zran\u011bn\u00ed \u010di nemoci (nedodr\u017een\u00ed povinnost\u00ed). Jedn\u00e1 se o reakci na situaci, kdy je pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, a nem\u00e1 povahu sankce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, k\u00e1rn\u00e9 propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je druh disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho trestu ukl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho za v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed firemn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du ze strany zam\u011bstnance, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad zpronev\u011bra v pracovn\u00edm procesu, v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd harassment nebo neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00e1 absence bez omluvy. Jeho podstata spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v &#8220;sankci&#8221; za \u00fa\u010delem udr\u017een\u00ed firemn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du. Tato trestn\u00e1 povaha je hlavn\u00edm rozd\u00edlem oproti b\u011b\u017en\u00e9mu propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Soudy prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed mnohem p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kontrolu platnosti k\u00e1rn\u00e9ho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jako sankce m\u016f\u017ee zam\u011bstnanci zp\u016fsobit zna\u010dnou \u00fajmu, ne\u017e je tomu u b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pro uzn\u00e1n\u00ed platnosti k\u00e1rn\u00e9ho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nesta\u010d\u00ed pouh\u00e1 existence d\u016fvodu pro propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, ale zam\u011bstnavatel mus\u00ed dok\u00e1zat, \u017ee existoval opravdu v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd poru\u0161en\u00ed pravidel, kter\u00e9 od\u016fvod\u0148uje ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9ho trestu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dve_pravni_zaklady_ridici_platnost_disciplinarniho_propusteni_podle_japonskeho_prava\"><\/span>Dv\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klady \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed platnost disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Platnost disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je v Japonsku prim\u00e1rn\u011b ur\u010dena dv\u011bma ustanoven\u00edmi z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch. Disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kombinuje aspekty &#8220;disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho opat\u0159en\u00ed&#8221; a &#8220;propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed&#8221;, a proto podl\u00e9h\u00e1 regulac\u00edm obou ustanoven\u00ed. Pokud neprojde t\u00edmto dvojit\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm filtrem, nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za platn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prvn\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm z\u00e1kladem je \u010dl\u00e1nek 15 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek \u0159\u00edd\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u00e1 disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed a stanov\u00ed, \u017ee &#8220;pokud zam\u011bstnavatel disciplinuje zam\u011bstnance a dan\u00e9 disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed je vzhledem k povaze a okolnostem jedn\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstnance objektivn\u011b bez racion\u00e1ln\u00edho d\u016fvodu a nen\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 podle spole\u010densk\u00fdch norem, je toto pr\u00e1vo zneu\u017eito a dan\u00e9 disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed je neplatn\u00e9.&#8221; To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se posuzuje, zda sporn\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed zasluhuje disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed a pokud ano, zda vybran\u00e9 disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed nen\u00ed nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 (princip proporcionality).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Druh\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm z\u00e1kladem je \u010dl\u00e1nek 16 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se vztahuje na v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a stanov\u00ed, \u017ee &#8220;propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je neplatn\u00e9, pokud je bez objektivn\u011b racion\u00e1ln\u00edho d\u016fvodu a nen\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 podle spole\u010densk\u00fdch norem.&#8221; Toto ustanoven\u00ed kodifikuje judikaturu zn\u00e1mou jako &#8220;teorie zneu\u017eit\u00ed pr\u00e1va na propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed&#8221; a stanov\u00ed krit\u00e9ria pro posouzen\u00ed, zda je situace v\u016fbec p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e1 pro propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zam\u011bstnance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je posuzov\u00e1no s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k platnosti &#8220;propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed&#8221; podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 16 a p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enosti &#8220;disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho opat\u0159en\u00ed&#8221; podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 15 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o pracovn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch. Tato p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 kontrola \u010din\u00ed prah platnosti disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vysok\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Klicove_pozadavky_pro_posouzeni_platnosti_disciplinarniho_propusteni_podle_japonskeho_prava\"><\/span>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 po\u017eadavky pro posouzen\u00ed platnosti disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Fr\u00e1ze &#8220;objektivn\u011b rozumn\u00fd d\u016fvod&#8221; a &#8220;p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enost podle spole\u010densk\u00fdch norem&#8221;, kter\u00e9 jsou spole\u010dn\u00e9 pro \u010dl\u00e1nek 15 a \u010dl\u00e1nek 16 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku o pracovn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch, jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi po\u017eadavky pro posouzen\u00ed platnosti disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Je nezbytn\u00e9 pochopit, co tyto abstraktn\u00ed po\u017eadavky konkr\u00e9tn\u011b znamenaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Objektivn\u011b rozumn\u00fd d\u016fvod&#8221; se prim\u00e1rn\u011b vztahuje na existenci a opr\u00e1vn\u011bnost fakt\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1kladem pro propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Zaprv\u00e9, zam\u011bstnavatel mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopen prok\u00e1zat problematick\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstnance objektivn\u00edmi d\u016fkazy. Pouh\u00e9 subjektivn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed nebo domn\u011bnky managementu nejsou dostate\u010dn\u00e9. Zadruh\u00e9, prok\u00e1zan\u00e9 fakty mus\u00ed jasn\u011b odpov\u00eddat d\u016fvod\u016fm pro disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159edem uvedeny v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du. Propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du specifikov\u00e1no, nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, &#8220;p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enost podle spole\u010densk\u00fdch norem&#8221; znamen\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1hu sankce, tedy princip proporcionality. I kdy\u017e se chov\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstnance shoduje s d\u016fvody pro propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed uveden\u00fdmi v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je velmi z\u00e1va\u017enou sankc\u00ed, pova\u017eov\u00e1no za p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 z hlediska obecn\u00e9ho spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u00fasudku. Soudy p\u0159i posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enosti zohled\u0148uj\u00ed celou \u0159adu faktor\u016f, jako jsou motivy a zp\u016fsob chov\u00e1n\u00ed, m\u00edra \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, p\u0159edchoz\u00ed pracovn\u00ed postoj a disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed historie zam\u011bstnance, existence nebo absence l\u00edtosti po provin\u011bn\u00ed a spravedlnost v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edpady podobn\u00e9 povahy ve spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vztah mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma po\u017eadavky je shrnut v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td>Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed krit\u00e9ria<\/td><td>Objektivn\u011b rozumn\u00fd d\u016fvod<\/td><td>P\u0159im\u011b\u0159enost podle spole\u010densk\u00fdch norem<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed posouzen\u00ed<\/td><td>Existence chov\u00e1n\u00ed a jeho shoda s pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dem<\/td><td>Rovnov\u00e1ha mezi z\u00e1va\u017enost\u00ed sankce a z\u00e1va\u017enost\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hlavn\u00ed aspekty pro posouzen\u00ed<\/td><td>Ur\u010den\u00ed fakt\u016f problematick\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, shoda s disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edmi d\u016fvody v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du, existence a objektivita d\u016fkaz\u016f<\/td><td>Motivy a zp\u016fsob chov\u00e1n\u00ed a jeho d\u016fsledky, p\u0159edchoz\u00ed pracovn\u00ed postoj zam\u011bstnance, jeho p\u0159\u00ednos a l\u00edtost, \u00fasil\u00ed o n\u00e1pravu \u0161kody, dopad na ostatn\u00ed zam\u011bstnance, p\u0159edchoz\u00ed sankce v podobn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad<\/td><td>\u010cl\u00e1nek 15 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku o pracovn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch<\/td><td>\u010cl\u00e1nek 15 a \u010dl\u00e1nek 16 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku o pracovn\u00edch smlouv\u00e1ch<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hlavni_duvody_pro_disciplinarni_propousteni_a_analyza_soudnich_pripadu_v_Japonsku\"><\/span>Hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvody pro disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a anal\u00fdza soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f v Japonsku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na typick\u00e9 d\u016fvody pro disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f prozkoum\u00e1me, jak japonsk\u00e9 soudy posuzuj\u00ed jejich platnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Podvodne_uvadeni_kvalifikace_podle_japonskeho_prava\"><\/span>Podvodn\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed kvalifikace podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pova\u017eovat disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed za platn\u00e9 z d\u016fvodu podvodn\u00e9ho uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed kvalifikace, mus\u00ed se jednat o \u201ed\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 kvalifikace\u201c. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 kvalifikace znamenaj\u00ed takov\u00e9, o kter\u00fdch kdyby zam\u011bstnavatel v\u011bd\u011bl pravdu, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b by dan\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka nezam\u011bstnal, nebo by alespo\u0148 neuzav\u0159el smlouvu za stejn\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vedouc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem v t\u00e9to oblasti je incident spole\u010dnosti Sumiken Seiko (rozhodnut\u00ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu z 19. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1981 (1981)). V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bylo rozhodnuto, \u017ee disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zam\u011bstnance, kter\u00fd p\u0159i n\u00e1boru zam\u011bstnanc\u016f s vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm \u201emaxim\u00e1ln\u011b st\u0159edo\u0161kolsk\u00e9\u201c skryl skute\u010dnost, \u017ee nedokon\u010dil vysokou \u0161kolu a uvedl, \u017ee m\u00e1 st\u0159edo\u0161kolsk\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, je platn\u00e9. Soud uznal, \u017ee podvodn\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed jen prost\u00fdm l\u017eiv\u00fdm prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm, ale jedn\u00e1 se o z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd \u010din, kter\u00fd naru\u0161uje z\u00e1klady person\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, jako jsou struktura zam\u011bstnanc\u016f a mzdov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, tedy po\u0159\u00e1dek ve spole\u010dnosti, a ni\u010d\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru mezi zam\u011bstnavatelem a zam\u011bstnancem. Tento p\u0159\u00edpad ukazuje, \u017ee soudy kladou d\u016fraz na v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad podvodn\u00e9ho uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed kvalifikace na po\u0159\u00e1dek ve spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Naopak, pokud podvodn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 kvalifikace nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vztah k obsahu pr\u00e1ce, nebo pokud bylo v dob\u011b n\u00e1boru v\u00fdslovn\u011b uvedeno, \u017ee \u201evzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9\u201c nebo \u201ejsou v\u00edt\u00e1ni i uchaze\u010di bez zku\u0161enost\u00ed\u201c, pak se obvykle nepova\u017euje za podvodn\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch kvalifikac\u00ed a disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za neplatn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Poruseni_pracovnich_prikazu_podle_japonskeho_prava\"><\/span>Poru\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00da\u010dinnost disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z d\u016fvodu poru\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f z\u00e1vis\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na opr\u00e1vn\u011bnosti samotn\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edkazu. Pracovn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nezbytn\u00fd pro v\u00fdkon pr\u00e1ce, nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt v rozporu s pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy nebo pracovn\u00edmi dohodami a nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt zalo\u017een na neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch motivech (nap\u0159\u00edklad za \u00fa\u010delem obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem p\u0159\u00edpadu, kde byla uzn\u00e1na opr\u00e1vn\u011bnost pracovn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edkazu, je ud\u00e1lost v kancel\u00e1\u0159i Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation v Obihiro (rozhodnut\u00ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu z 13. b\u0159ezna 1986 (1986)). V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bylo uzn\u00e1no disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti zam\u011bstnanci, kter\u00fd odm\u00edtl podstoupit p\u0159esn\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 podle pravidel spole\u010dnosti pro zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di. Soud rozhodl, \u017ee dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f s racion\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem, jako je ochrana zdrav\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f, je povinnost\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z pracovn\u00ed smlouvy. V ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech bylo rovn\u011b\u017e uzn\u00e1no propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zam\u011bstnance, kter\u00fd opakovan\u011b nesplnil pracovn\u00ed pokyny a neuk\u00e1zal \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zlep\u0161en\u00ed i p\u0159es p\u0159edchoz\u00ed disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed (rozhodnut\u00ed Tokijsk\u00e9ho vrchn\u00edho soudu z 2. \u0159\u00edjna 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, pokud pracovn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkaz nen\u00ed nezbytn\u00fd pro v\u00fdkon pr\u00e1ce nebo je jeho obsah spole\u010densky nerozumn\u00fd (nap\u0159\u00edklad na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed trhat tr\u00e1vu jako trest) nebo pokud zam\u011bstnanec m\u00e1 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd d\u016fvod odm\u00edtnout p\u0159\u00edkaz (nap\u0159\u00edklad z d\u016fvodu zdravotn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f) a zam\u011bstnavatel tento d\u016fvod ignoruje a p\u0159\u00edkaz vyd\u00e1, pak je disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z d\u016fvodu poru\u0161en\u00ed tohoto p\u0159\u00edkazu neplatn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pracovni_zpronevera_a_kradez\"><\/span>Pracovn\u00ed zpronev\u011bra a kr\u00e1de\u017e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Zpronev\u011bra nebo kr\u00e1de\u017e pen\u011bz zam\u011bstnancem je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za velmi v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd akt zrady, kter\u00fd z\u00e1sadn\u011b naru\u0161uje d\u016fv\u011bru mezi zam\u011bstnancem a zam\u011bstnavatelem. Proto i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je \u0161koda mal\u00e1, existuje mnoho p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kdy je disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v p\u0159\u00edpadu \u0159idi\u010de autobusu, kter\u00fd si p\u0159isvojil j\u00edzdn\u00e9 (p\u0159\u00edpad Nishi-Nippon Railroad Co., Ltd., rozhodnut\u00ed Okresn\u00edho soudu ve Fukuoka ze dne 30. dubna 1985 (1985)), bylo disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed uzn\u00e1no za platn\u00e9 bez ohledu na v\u00fd\u0161i \u010d\u00e1stky, proto\u017ee povaha pr\u00e1ce vy\u017eaduje vysokou m\u00edru integrity p\u0159i p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed j\u00edzdn\u00e9ho od cestuj\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak japonsk\u00e9 soudy nep\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed jednoduch\u00fd princip nulov\u00e9 tolerance. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem, kter\u00fd to dokazuje, je p\u0159\u00edpad Mitsurin Motors (rozhodnut\u00ed Okresn\u00edho soudu v Tokiu ze dne 7. \u00fanora 2006 (2006)). V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zam\u011bstnanec neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b pob\u00edral cestovn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek po dobu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u010dty\u0159 a p\u016fl roku, celkem asi 350 000 jen\u016f, ale disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bylo shled\u00e1no neplatn\u00fdm. Soud uvedl, \u017ee motivem pro neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku bylo kompenzovat sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mzdy ze strany spole\u010dnosti a \u017ee z\u00e1va\u017enost jedn\u00e1n\u00ed byla n\u00edzk\u00e1, syst\u00e9m spr\u00e1vy cestovn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f ze strany spole\u010dnosti byl nedbal\u00fd, a \u017ee vzhledem k povaze a v\u00fd\u0161i neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed bylo disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b tvrd\u00fdm trestem, co\u017e je v rozporu s obecn\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00fdmi spole\u010densk\u00fdmi normami. Tento p\u0159\u00edpad jasn\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jasn\u00e9ho poru\u0161en\u00ed v podob\u011b zpronev\u011bry, soudy pe\u010dliv\u011b zva\u017euj\u00ed okolnosti a p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b posuzuj\u00ed p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enost trestu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Neslavne_chovani_v_soukromem_zivote\"><\/span>Neslavn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed v soukrom\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zam\u011bstnance kv\u016fli neslavn\u00e9mu chov\u00e1n\u00ed v soukrom\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b (nap\u0159\u00edklad trestn\u00e9 \u010diny) je v z\u00e1sad\u011b povoleno pouze omezen\u011b. D\u016fvodem je, \u017ee disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed pravomoc spole\u010dnosti m\u00e1 za c\u00edl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm udr\u017eovat firemn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d a nem\u00e1 se neomezen\u011b vztahovat na soukrom\u00fd \u017eivot zam\u011bstnance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aby bylo disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed platn\u00e9, mus\u00ed m\u00edt neslavn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed v soukrom\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b p\u0159\u00edmou souvislost s podnikatelskou \u010dinnost\u00ed spole\u010dnosti nebo mus\u00ed existovat konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed obava z po\u0161kozen\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. Krit\u00e9ria pro tento \u00fasudek stanovil p\u0159\u00edpad Yokohama Rubber (rozsudek Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu z 28. \u010dervence 1970 (1970)). V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bylo disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zam\u011bstnance, kter\u00fd byl mimo pracovn\u00ed dobu opil\u00fd a vnikl do ciz\u00edho obydl\u00ed, kde byl potrest\u00e1n pokutou za p\u0159estupek vniknut\u00ed do obydl\u00ed, shled\u00e1no neplatn\u00fdm. Soud rozhodl, \u017ee chov\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho zam\u011bstnance v soukrom\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b nem\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vliv na podnikatelskou \u010dinnost v\u00fdrobce pneumatik ani konkr\u00e9tn\u011b nepo\u0161kozuje jeho spole\u010densk\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad zam\u011bstnanec ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 dopravy sp\u00e1ch\u00e1 v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 dopravn\u00ed p\u0159estupky nebo kdy\u017e vedouc\u00ed pracovn\u00edk spole\u010dnosti zneu\u017eije sv\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed k p\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f a to bude n\u00e1sledn\u011b zve\u0159ejn\u011bno, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b po\u0161kod\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost spole\u010dnosti, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za platn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prakticke_manazerske_aspekty_pri_zvazovani_kazenskeho_propusteni_podle_japonskeho_pracovniho_prava\"><\/span>Praktick\u00e9 mana\u017eersk\u00e9 aspekty p\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9ho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vych\u00e1zeje z pr\u00e1vn\u00edch princip\u016f a p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e9 jsme dosud prozkoumali, zde p\u0159edstav\u00edme n\u011bkolik praktick\u00fdch hledisek, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bly podniky zv\u00e1\u017eit p\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9ho propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Za prv\u00e9, d\u016fle\u017eitost pracovn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du. D\u016fvody pro k\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9 propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech konkr\u00e9tn\u011b a jasn\u011b stanoveny v pracovn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1du. Pokud pracovn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d nen\u00ed dob\u0159e p\u0159ipraven nebo jsou jeho ustanoven\u00ed nejasn\u00e1, k\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9 propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed postr\u00e1d\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Za druh\u00e9, d\u016fkladn\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed fakt\u016f a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed objektivn\u00edch d\u016fkaz\u016f. Rozhodnut\u00ed o k\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9m propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zalo\u017eeno na objektivn\u00edch d\u016fkazech, nikoli na domn\u011bnk\u00e1ch nebo pov\u011bstech. Nezbytn\u00fd je opatrn\u00fd vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed proces, v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdslech\u016f z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch osob, kontroly dokument\u016f a elektronick\u00fdch dat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Za t\u0159et\u00ed, poskytnut\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti k obhajob\u011b. P\u0159ed rozhodnut\u00edm o k\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9m trestu je z hlediska spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho postupu nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby byla zam\u011bstnanci, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u00fdt potrest\u00e1n, poskytnuta p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost vysv\u011btlit okolnosti, kter\u00e9 jsou mu vy\u010d\u00edt\u00e1ny, a p\u0159edlo\u017eit svou obhajobu nebo vysv\u011btlen\u00ed (p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost k obhajob\u011b). Pokud se tento postup zanedb\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed shled\u00e1no neplatn\u00fdm z d\u016fvodu procedur\u00e1ln\u00edch vad, i kdy\u017e d\u016fvod pro propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed existuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nakonec je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enost trestu. K\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9 propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je krajn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm a v\u017edy by se m\u011blo zva\u017eovat, zda by nebylo vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zvolit m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tresty, jako jsou napomenut\u00ed, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed platu nebo pozastaven\u00ed doch\u00e1zky, v z\u00e1vislosti na z\u00e1va\u017enosti provin\u011bn\u00ed. Z hlediska spravedlnosti je tak\u00e9 po\u017eadov\u00e1no, aby byla zachov\u00e1na rovnov\u00e1ha s p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edpady trest\u016f uvnit\u0159 spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak bylo podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btleno v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku, disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu je kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 trestn\u00ed povaze podrobeno velmi striktn\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm omezen\u00edm. Platnost disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je posuzov\u00e1na na z\u00e1klad\u011b dvou krit\u00e9ri\u00ed: &#8220;objektivn\u011b rozumn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f&#8221; a &#8220;p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enosti podle spole\u010densk\u00fdch norem&#8221;, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e soudy tyto po\u017eadavky pe\u010dliv\u011b zkoumaj\u00ed v kontextu konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Z pohledu podnikov\u00e9ho managementu je t\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je mo\u017enost s velmi vysok\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm rizikem a m\u011blo by b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za posledn\u00ed mo\u017enost. P\u0159ed rozhodnut\u00edm o takov\u00e9m kroku je nezbytn\u00e9 pe\u010dliv\u011b proj\u00edt n\u011bkolik f\u00e1z\u00ed: p\u0159\u00edpravu pracovn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, spravedliv\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na objektivn\u00edch d\u016fkazech, dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch postup\u016f a pe\u010dliv\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enosti trestu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith m\u00e1 v Japonsku bohat\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edch slu\u017eeb v oblasti pracovn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, jak bylo pops\u00e1no v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku, a m\u00e1 mnoho klient\u016f. Zejm\u00e9na jsme poskytovali strategick\u00e9 poradenstv\u00ed z pohledu podnikov\u00e9ho managementu pro prevenci a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spor\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s person\u00e1ln\u00edmi z\u00e1le\u017eitostmi, v\u010detn\u011b disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. V na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159i pracuje n\u011bkolik advok\u00e1t\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed hovo\u0159\u00ed anglicky a maj\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kvalifikace, co\u017e n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje poskytovat detailn\u00ed podporu bez jazykov\u00fdch bari\u00e9r pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 \u010del\u00ed specifick\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m japonsk\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edho pr\u00e1va. Od revize pracovn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, p\u0159es posouzen\u00ed p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enosti disciplin\u00e1rn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed v jednotliv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech, a\u017e po zastupov\u00e1n\u00ed v pracovn\u00edch arbitr\u00e1\u017e\u00edch nebo soudn\u00edch sporech, nab\u00edz\u00edme optim\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 va\u0161\u00ed situaci.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V japonsk\u00e9m pracovn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu p\u0159edstavuje disciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed trest, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee zam\u011bstnavatel v\u016f\u010di zam\u011bstnanci uplatnit. Nejedn\u00e1 se pouze o ukon\u010den\u00ed pracovn\u00ed smlouvy, ale tak\u00e9 o sankci za  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":66462,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,90],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66461"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66461"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66461\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66546,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66461\/revisions\/66546"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66462"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}