{"id":66823,"date":"2025-10-22T21:55:37","date_gmt":"2025-10-22T12:55:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=66823"},"modified":"2025-11-11T15:36:56","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T06:36:56","slug":"generative-ai-copyright-law-japan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/generative-ai-copyright-law-japan","title":{"rendered":"Generativn\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence a japonsk\u00e9 autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo: pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce riziky pro firmy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Generativn\u00ed AI m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l p\u0159in\u00e9st revoluci ve v\u0161ech aspektech podnikov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Jeho uplatn\u011bn\u00ed se ka\u017ed\u00fdm dnem roz\u0161i\u0159uje od tvorby obsahu p\u0159es v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj a\u017e po z\u00e1kaznick\u00fd servis. Tato technologick\u00e1 inovace v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuje pro firmy nov\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed v\u00fdzvy, zejm\u00e9na ve vztahu k japonsk\u00e9mu autorsk\u00e9mu pr\u00e1vu. V dob\u011b, kdy mnoho spole\u010dnost\u00ed zva\u017euje nebo ji\u017e implementuje generativn\u00ed AI, je nezbytn\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b porozum\u011bt a spravovat rizika poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, kter\u00e1 s sebou jeho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nese. Japonsk\u00e9 autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo m\u00e1 charakteristickou strukturu, kter\u00e1 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch v\u00fdvoje a pou\u017eit\u00ed AI aplikuje odli\u0161n\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed principy, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k jeho komplexnosti. Porozum\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to dvoj\u00ed struktu\u0159e, kter\u00e1 v u\u010d\u00edc\u00ed f\u00e1zi AI poskytuje pom\u011brn\u011b benevolentn\u00ed pravidla, zat\u00edmco u\u017eivatel\u016fm generovan\u00e9ho obsahu klade striktn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost, je prvn\u00edm krokem k \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rizik. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek systematicky vysv\u011btluje hlavn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 generativn\u00ed AI p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v r\u00e1mci japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na pr\u00e1vn\u00ed zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s AI v &#8216;f\u00e1zi v\u00fdvoje a u\u010den\u00ed&#8217;, rizika poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v p\u0159i &#8216;generov\u00e1n\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed&#8217; obsahu v podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, ot\u00e1zku vlastnictv\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v k AI generovan\u00fdm d\u00edl\u016fm a na odpov\u011bdnost a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kroky, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bly firmy podniknout v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee dojde k poru\u0161en\u00ed. P\u0159edstav\u00edme strategick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy, kter\u00e9 by m\u011bli zvolit mana\u017ee\u0159i a pr\u00e1vn\u00edci ve firm\u00e1ch, s ohledem na n\u00e1zory japonsk\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu, Agentury pro kulturn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/generative-ai-copyright-law-japan\/#Vyvoj_AI_a_faze_uceni_v_kontextu_japonskeho_autorskeho_prava\" title=\"V\u00fdvoj AI a f\u00e1ze u\u010den\u00ed v kontextu japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">V\u00fdvoj AI a f\u00e1ze u\u010den\u00ed v kontextu japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/generative-ai-copyright-law-japan\/#Rizika_poruseni_autorskych_prav_pri_vyuzivani_AI_generovanych_obsahu_podle_japonskeho_zakona\" title=\"Rizika poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v p\u0159i vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed AI generovan\u00fdch obsah\u016f podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona\">Rizika poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v p\u0159i vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed AI generovan\u00fdch obsah\u016f podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/generative-ai-copyright-law-japan\/#Porovnani_klicovych_pravnich_otazek_tykajicich_se_AI_a_autorskych_prav_podle_japonskeho_prava\" title=\"Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se AI a autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se AI a autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/generative-ai-copyright-law-japan\/#Autorska_prava_na_dila_generovana_umelou_inteligenci_podle_japonskeho_prava\" title=\"Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va na d\u00edla generovan\u00e1 um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va na d\u00edla generovan\u00e1 um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/generative-ai-copyright-law-japan\/#Odpovednost_a_pravni_opatreni_kterym_celi_podniky_v_Japonsku\" title=\"Odpov\u011bdnost a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed podniky v Japonsku\">Odpov\u011bdnost a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed podniky v Japonsku<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/generative-ai-copyright-law-japan\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyvoj_AI_a_faze_uceni_v_kontextu_japonskeho_autorskeho_prava\"><\/span>V\u00fdvoj AI a f\u00e1ze u\u010den\u00ed v kontextu japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro dosa\u017een\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed generativn\u00ed AI je nezbytn\u00e9 u\u010dit se z obrovsk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed dat. Tato data zahrnuj\u00ed texty, obr\u00e1zky, hudbu, programovac\u00ed k\u00f3dy a dal\u0161\u00ed r\u016fznorod\u00e1 d\u00edla chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1 autorsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem. Japonsk\u00e9 autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo usnad\u0148uje vyu\u017eit\u00ed takov\u00fdch d\u011bl v AI v\u00fdvoji t\u00edm, \u017ee za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017eit\u00ed bez souhlasu autora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem je \u010dl\u00e1nek 30 odstavec 4 japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, zaveden\u00fd novelizac\u00ed z roku 2018 (Heisei 30). Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek umo\u017e\u0148uje &#8220;vyu\u017eit\u00ed d\u00edla, kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159eno na po\u017eitek z vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00fdch my\u0161lenek nebo emoc\u00ed&#8221; a je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jeden z &#8220;flexibiln\u00edch omezen\u00ed pr\u00e1v&#8221;. \u00da\u010delem u\u010den\u00ed AI nen\u00ed, aby lid\u00e9 d\u00edlo obdivovali a u\u017e\u00edvali si ho (tj. &#8220;po\u017eitek&#8221;), ale aby se z dat extrahovaly a analyzovaly vzory a struktury pro informa\u010dn\u00ed anal\u00fdzu. Proto je v principu mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i AI mohou pou\u017e\u00edvat ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00e1 data na internetu pro u\u010den\u00ed bez souhlasu autora, pokud jde o &#8220;neu\u017eitkov\u00e9&#8221; vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Tato ustanoven\u00ed jsou zalo\u017eena na politick\u00e9m z\u00e1m\u011bru podporovat technologick\u00e9 inovace a zvy\u0161ovat pr\u016fmyslovou konkurenceschopnost Japonska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak tento princip m\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00fdjimky. \u010cl\u00e1nek 30 odstavec 4 japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona stanov\u00ed, \u017ee &#8220;pokud by vzhledem k druhu a \u00fa\u010delu d\u00edla a zp\u016fsobu jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed do\u0161lo k neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed z\u00e1jm\u016f autora, neplat\u00ed toto omezen\u00ed&#8221;. To, co p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159edstavuje &#8220;neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed&#8221;, vy\u017eaduje individu\u00e1ln\u00ed a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed posouzen\u00ed, ale Japonsk\u00e1 agentura pro kulturn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti ve sv\u00e9m prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed &#8220;O AI a autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech&#8221; uv\u00e1d\u00ed n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pou\u017eit\u00ed datab\u00e1zov\u00fdch d\u011bl, kter\u00e1 jsou speci\u00e1ln\u011b organizov\u00e1na a prod\u00e1v\u00e1na pro \u00fa\u010dely u\u010den\u00ed AI, bez zaplacen\u00ed a bez svolen\u00ed pro kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed a u\u010den\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159\u00edmo konkurovat trhu poskytovatele datab\u00e1ze a vysoko pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b po\u0161kodit jeho z\u00e1jmy. D\u00e1le, c\u00edlen\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed AI pouze z d\u011bl konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho tv\u016frce s \u00famyslem generovat obsah napodobuj\u00edc\u00ed jeho styl m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1no za odch\u00fdlen\u00ed od p\u016fvodn\u00edho &#8220;neu\u017eitkov\u00e9ho&#8221; \u00fa\u010delu a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt posuzov\u00e1no jako sou\u010dasn\u011b slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed &#8220;u\u017eitkov\u00e9mu&#8221; \u00fa\u010delu. Nav\u00edc, sb\u011br dat pro u\u010den\u00ed AI z materi\u00e1l\u016f, o kter\u00fdch se v\u00ed, \u017ee jsou autorsk\u00fdmi pir\u00e1ty, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za podporu poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tyto p\u0159\u00edklady ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel v pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00fdvoje AI vy\u017eaduje nejen technickou schopnost kop\u00edrovat data, ale tak\u00e9 slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed posouzen\u00ed, zda takov\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed nezp\u016fsobuje ekonomick\u00e9 \u0161kody na existuj\u00edc\u00edm trhu nebo neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b po\u0161kozuje legitimn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy dr\u017eitel\u016f pr\u00e1v. Kdy\u017e spole\u010dnosti vyv\u00edjej\u00ed AI nebo zad\u00e1vaj\u00ed jeho v\u00fdvoj, je vy\u017eadov\u00e1na pe\u010dliv\u00e1 due diligence ohledn\u011b p\u016fvodu a zp\u016fsobu vyu\u017eit\u00ed u\u010debn\u00edch dat, aby byly spln\u011bny tyto pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a etick\u00e9 normy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rizika_poruseni_autorskych_prav_pri_vyuzivani_AI_generovanych_obsahu_podle_japonskeho_zakona\"><\/span>Rizika poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v p\u0159i vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed AI generovan\u00fdch obsah\u016f podle japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I kdy\u017e byl v\u00fdvoj a u\u010den\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence (AI) provedeno leg\u00e1ln\u011b podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 30 odstavec 4 japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 z\u00e1ruka, \u017ee obsah vytvo\u0159en\u00fd s vyu\u017eit\u00edm AI nebude poru\u0161ovat autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrana je omezena pouze na f\u00e1zi u\u010den\u00ed, a v f\u00e1zi generov\u00e1n\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nese u\u017eivatel AI p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 riziko odpov\u011bdnosti za poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V judikatu\u0159e Japonska se obecn\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee pro zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v mus\u00ed b\u00fdt spln\u011bny dva po\u017eadavky: &#8220;podobnost&#8221; a &#8220;z\u00e1vislost&#8221;. Podobnost znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u00edlo je podstatn\u011b podobn\u00e9 kreativn\u00edmu vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00edho autorsk\u00e9ho d\u00edla. Pouh\u00e9 sd\u00edlen\u00ed my\u0161lenek, stylu nebo b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch v\u00fdraz\u016f nen\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za podobnost. Z\u00e1vislost znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u00edlo bylo vytvo\u0159eno na z\u00e1klad\u011b existuj\u00edc\u00edho autorsk\u00e9ho d\u00edla, a pokud bylo d\u00edlo vytvo\u0159eno n\u00e1hodn\u011b bez znalosti existuj\u00edc\u00edho d\u00edla, z\u00e1vislost se pop\u00edr\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed generativn\u00ed AI je zcela mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee vytvo\u0159en\u00fd obsah bude podobn\u00fd existuj\u00edc\u00edm autorsk\u00fdm d\u00edl\u016fm. Probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v posouzen\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti. Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee pokud u\u017eivatel AI zn\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 autorsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo a d\u00e1v\u00e1 instrukce (prompt) k jeho reprodukci, z\u00e1vislost bude uzn\u00e1na. Slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je situace, kdy u\u017eivatel nezn\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 autorsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo, ale AI vygenerovalo podobn\u00fd obsah, proto\u017ee m\u011blo toto d\u00edlo ve sv\u00fdch u\u010debn\u00edch datech. V tomto bod\u011b zat\u00edm neexistuje ust\u00e1len\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1zor, ale existuj\u00ed argumenty, \u017ee z\u00e1vislost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1na na z\u00e1klad\u011b skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee u\u010debn\u00ed data AI obsahovala dan\u00e9 autorsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo. U\u010debn\u00ed data AI modelu jsou \u010dasto obrovsk\u00e1 a funguj\u00ed jako &#8220;black box&#8221;, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je pro u\u017eivatele prakticky nemo\u017en\u00e9 pochopit jejich cel\u00fd obsah. To p\u0159edstavuje pro firmy z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed riziko, kter\u00e9 je velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 \u0159\u00eddit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee toto riziko nelze zcela eliminovat, mus\u00ed firmy zav\u00e9st praktick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rizik a p\u0159\u00edpravu na p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 spory. Za prv\u00e9, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vypracovat jasn\u00e9 intern\u00ed sm\u011brnice pro pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed generativn\u00ed AI a d\u016fkladn\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat zam\u011bstnance. Je t\u0159eba stanovit, pro jak\u00fd \u00fa\u010del, jak\u00e9 AI n\u00e1stroje a jak je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat. Za druh\u00e9, je vhodn\u00e9 zav\u00e9st proces, kdy obsah vytvo\u0159en\u00fd AI, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159ed jeho ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00edm, mus\u00ed proj\u00edt kontrolou a \u00fapravou lidsk\u00fdm okem. AI generovan\u00fd obsah by m\u011bl b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1n pouze za &#8220;n\u00e1vrh&#8221; a kone\u010dn\u00fd produkt by m\u011bl obsahovat kreativn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit podobnost s p\u016fvodn\u00edm autorsk\u00fdm d\u00edlem. Za t\u0159et\u00ed, je \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed uchov\u00e1vat z\u00e1znamy o procesu generov\u00e1n\u00ed, pokud je to mo\u017en\u00e9. Z\u00e1znamy o pou\u017eit\u00fdch promptech mohou b\u00fdt u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem pro prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee neexistoval \u00famysl poru\u0161it autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, pokud by z\u00e1vislost byla zpochybn\u011bna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Porovnani_klicovych_pravnich_otazek_tykajicich_se_AI_a_autorskych_prav_podle_japonskeho_prava\"><\/span>Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se AI a autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed probl\u00e9my spojen\u00e9 s AI a autorsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na f\u00e1zi \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu AI. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulka porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky ve f\u00e1zi &#8220;v\u00fdvoje a u\u010den\u00ed&#8221; a &#8220;generov\u00e1n\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;. Toto porovn\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje jasn\u011b pochopit, jak se m\u011bn\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti a povaha rizik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td>Porovn\u00e1van\u00fd prvek<\/td><td>V\u00fdvojov\u00e1 a u\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se f\u00e1ze<\/td><td>F\u00e1ze generov\u00e1n\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy<\/td><td>\u010cl\u00e1nek 30-4 Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech<\/td><td>Pr\u00e1va na reprodukci a \u00fapravy podle Japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky<\/td><td>Je \u00fa\u010del pou\u017eit\u00ed &#8220;ne pro po\u017eitek&#8221; a &#8220;nespravedliv\u011b po\u0161kozuje&#8221; z\u00e1jmy dr\u017eitele autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v?<\/td><td>Je v\u00fdsledn\u00fd produkt &#8220;podobn\u00fd&#8221; existuj\u00edc\u00edm autorsk\u00fdm d\u00edl\u016fm a &#8220;z\u00e1vis\u00ed&#8221; na nich?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hlavn\u00ed odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 subjekty<\/td><td>V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i AI<\/td><td>U\u017eivatel\u00e9 AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Povaha pr\u00e1vn\u00edho rizika<\/td><td>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed vady v\u00fdvojov\u00e9ho procesu zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 neleg\u00e1ln\u00edm sb\u011brem dat a u\u010den\u00edm<\/td><td>P\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost za ne\u00famysln\u00e9 vytvo\u0159en\u00ed a zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Autorska_prava_na_dila_generovana_umelou_inteligenci_podle_japonskeho_prava\"><\/span>Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va na d\u00edla generovan\u00e1 um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e spole\u010dnosti vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed generativn\u00ed um\u011blou inteligenci (AI) k tvorb\u011b marketingov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, design\u016f, zpr\u00e1v a dal\u0161\u00edch obsah\u016f, objevuje se z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka: &#8220;Vznikaj\u00ed na t\u011bchto generovan\u00fdch d\u00edlech autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a pokud ano, komu n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed?&#8221; Tato ot\u00e1zka je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1, proto\u017ee ur\u010duje, zda m\u016f\u017ee spole\u010dnost chr\u00e1nit takto vytvo\u0159en\u00fd obsah jako du\u0161evn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed a zabr\u00e1nit jeho neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9mu vyu\u017eit\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edmi stranami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 2 odstavce 1 bodu 1 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech se autorsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo definuje jako &#8220;origin\u00e1ln\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed my\u0161lenek nebo emoc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 spad\u00e1 do oblasti literatury, v\u011bdy, um\u011bn\u00ed nebo hudby&#8221;. Z\u00e1kladem t\u00e9to definice je p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee subjektem tvorby je \u010dlov\u011bk. AI nen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk a proto j\u00ed podle sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va nen\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va na obsah, kter\u00fd vytvo\u0159\u00ed autonomn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto ot\u00e1zka, zda lze uznat autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va na d\u00edla generovan\u00e1 AI, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na existenci &#8220;tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edho p\u0159\u00ednosu \u010dlov\u011bka&#8221; v procesu generov\u00e1n\u00ed. Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159izn\u00e1na pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 AI jako &#8220;n\u00e1stroj&#8221; a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt hodnocen jako tv\u016frce my\u0161lenek nebo emoc\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00fdch tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edm zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zda je &#8220;tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos&#8221; uzn\u00e1n, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na m\u00ed\u0159e zapojen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud \u010dlov\u011bk zad\u00e1 AI jednoduch\u00fd a obecn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkaz, jako je &#8220;ko\u010dka osv\u011btlen\u00e1 z\u00e1padem slunce&#8221;, a AI autonomn\u011b ur\u010d\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, je tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos \u010dlov\u011bka pova\u017eov\u00e1n za mal\u00fd a d\u00edlo pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebude uzn\u00e1no jako autorsk\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druhou stranu, pokud \u010dlov\u011bk m\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011br a do p\u0159\u00edkazu pro AI zahrne mnoho detailn\u00edch instrukc\u00ed, opakovan\u011b experimentuje a vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 specifick\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, cel\u00fd proces instrukc\u00ed a v\u00fdb\u011bru m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt hodnocen jako tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed \u010dinnost a d\u00edlo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzn\u00e1no jako autorsk\u00e9. Nav\u00edc, pokud \u010dlov\u011bk vybere a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 n\u011bkolik obr\u00e1zk\u016f generovan\u00fdch AI a v\u00fdrazn\u011b je uprav\u00ed a dopln\u00ed, aby vytvo\u0159il jedno d\u00edlo, na t\u00e9to tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed editaci a \u00faprav\u011b jasn\u011b vznikaj\u00ed autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To poskytuje d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 n\u00e1hledy pro spole\u010dnosti. Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed AI vytv\u00e1\u0159et cenn\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed, je nezbytn\u00e9 nejen zad\u00e1vat AI generov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b zahrnout tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed zapojen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka do procesu a toto zapojen\u00ed dokumentovat a zaznamen\u00e1vat. Z\u00e1znamy o detailn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edkazech, procesu v\u00fdb\u011bru v\u00fdsledk\u016f generov\u00e1n\u00ed a konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch \u00faprav\u00e1ch proveden\u00fdch \u010dlov\u011bkem se mohou st\u00e1t d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi d\u016fkazy p\u0159i budouc\u00edm uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a jejich ochran\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Odpovednost_a_pravni_opatreni_kterym_celi_podniky_v_Japonsku\"><\/span>Odpov\u011bdnost a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed podniky v Japonsku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud podnik ne\u00famysln\u011b poru\u0161\u00ed autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va p\u0159i vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed generativn\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, m\u016f\u017ee \u010delit v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm. Dr\u017eitel\u00e9 autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v maj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona a japonsk\u00e9ho ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku k dispozici n\u011bkolik siln\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f k ochran\u011b sv\u00fdch pr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nejbezprost\u0159edn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm je civiln\u00ed n\u00e1rok. Dr\u017eitel autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v m\u016f\u017ee podat \u017e\u00e1dost o z\u00e1kaz poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v nebo o preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. To m\u016f\u017ee podnik donutit okam\u017eit\u011b zastavit pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho obsahu a odstranit jej nap\u0159\u00edklad z webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt podnik po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n o n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, kterou dr\u017eitel autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v utrp\u011bl v d\u016fsledku poru\u0161en\u00ed. V\u00fdpo\u010det v\u00fd\u0161e \u0161kody m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt slo\u017eit\u00fd, ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vysok\u00fd, nap\u0159\u00edklad na z\u00e1klad\u011b zisku, kter\u00fd podnik z\u00edskal poru\u0161en\u00edm. Pokud dojde k poru\u0161en\u00ed osobnostn\u00edch pr\u00e1v autora, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt po\u017eadov\u00e1no i opat\u0159en\u00ed na obnovu cti, jako je zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed omluvn\u00e9ho inzer\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b civiln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v tak\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011btem trestn\u00edho st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed. V z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee na z\u00e1klad\u011b trestn\u00edho ozn\u00e1men\u00ed dr\u017eitele pr\u00e1v doj\u00edt k trestn\u00edmu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. U jednotlivc\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ulo\u017een trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a\u017e na deset let nebo pokuta a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161e deset milion\u016f jen\u016f, ale pokud pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 osoba prov\u00e1d\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v jako sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt na tuto pr\u00e1vnickou osobu ulo\u017eena pokuta a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161e t\u0159i sta milion\u016f jen\u016f, co\u017e je velmi p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd trest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Odpov\u011bdnost obvykle nese subjekt, kter\u00fd generativn\u00ed AI vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, tedy samotn\u00fd podnik. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, pokud je slu\u017eba poskytovan\u00e1 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159em AI navr\u017eena tak, aby \u00famysln\u011b nebo s vysokou pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed generovala obsah podobn\u00fd konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm autorsk\u00fdm d\u00edl\u016fm, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt diskutov\u00e1na i spoluodpov\u011bdnost v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e z d\u016fvodu technick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je v Japonsku m\u00e1lo konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch soudn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo \u0159e\u0161\u00edc\u00edch ot\u00e1zky autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v generativn\u00ed AI. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, ji\u017e do\u0161lo k konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm spor\u016fm, jako kdy\u017e jedna z p\u0159edn\u00edch japonsk\u00fdch novinov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed podala \u017ealobu na zahrani\u010dn\u00edho provozovatele generativn\u00ed AI za neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a u\u010den\u00ed se z jejich placen\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f a po\u017eadovala od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed. V situaci, kdy soudn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed chyb\u00ed, maj\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed stanoviska a sm\u011brnice poskytovan\u00e9 japonsk\u00fdm \u00da\u0159adem pro kulturn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam jako de facto standardy chov\u00e1n\u00ed pro hodnocen\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch rizik a ur\u010den\u00ed standard\u016f dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed podniky. Proto by m\u011bla b\u00fdt z\u00e1kladn\u00ed strategie dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f podnik\u016f pe\u010dliv\u011b v souladu s t\u011bmito pokyny regula\u010dn\u00edho org\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Generativn\u00ed AI m\u016f\u017ee firm\u00e1m p\u0159in\u00e9st nezm\u011brn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed rizika podle japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. Japonsk\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m m\u00e1 dvoj\u00ed strukturu, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje flexibiln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup ve f\u00e1zi u\u010den\u00ed AI s c\u00edlem podpo\u0159it jej\u00ed v\u00fdvoj, zat\u00edmco u\u017eivatel\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00fdsledky, ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsnou odpov\u011bdnost za poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Hlubok\u00e9 porozum\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to struktu\u0159e je kl\u00ed\u010dem k bezpe\u010dn\u00e9mu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed AI technologi\u00ed firmami. I kdy\u017e byla u\u010d\u00edc\u00ed data AI z\u00edsk\u00e1na leg\u00e1ln\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u\u017eivatel, kter\u00fd vytvo\u0159il obsah, v\u00e1\u017en\u011b posti\u017een civiln\u00edmi a trestn\u00edmi sankcemi, pokud je tento obsah podobn\u00fd existuj\u00edc\u00edm autorsk\u00fdm d\u00edl\u016fm. Pro firmy je nezbytn\u00e9 p\u0159ijmout aktivn\u00ed a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rizik, jako je vytvo\u0159en\u00ed intern\u00edch sm\u011brnic, zaveden\u00ed d\u016fkladn\u00fdch proces\u016f kontroly \u010dlov\u011bkem a dokumentace tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edho procesu za \u00fa\u010delem ochrany du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith m\u00e1 bohat\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s poskytov\u00e1n\u00edm komplexn\u00edch rad v oblasti generativn\u00ed AI a autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va pro mnoho klient\u016f v Japonsku. V na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159i p\u016fsob\u00ed odborn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou nejen kvalifikovan\u00fdmi japonsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edky, ale tak\u00e9 maj\u00ed kvalifikaci zahrani\u010dn\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f a jsou anglicky mluv\u00edc\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje poskytovat detailn\u00ed podporu firm\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 se rozv\u00edjej\u00ed na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni a pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b reagovat na japonsk\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Nab\u00edz\u00edme odborn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed slu\u017eby, jako je konzultace ohledn\u011b probl\u00e9m\u016f popsan\u00fdch v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku nebo pomoc p\u0159i budov\u00e1n\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho intern\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Generativn\u00ed AI m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l p\u0159in\u00e9st revoluci ve v\u0161ech aspektech podnikov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Jeho uplatn\u011bn\u00ed se ka\u017ed\u00fdm dnem roz\u0161i\u0159uje od tvorby obsahu p\u0159es v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj a\u017e po z\u00e1kaznick\u00fd servis. Tato technolog [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":66824,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,90],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66823"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66823"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66942,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66823\/revisions\/66942"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66824"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66823"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66823"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}