{"id":66844,"date":"2025-10-22T21:55:41","date_gmt":"2025-10-22T12:55:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/?p=66844"},"modified":"2025-11-11T10:47:31","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T01:47:31","slug":"joint-copyright-exercise-japan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan","title":{"rendered":"Sd\u00edlen\u00ed pr\u00e1v a identifikace autora v japonsk\u00e9m autorsk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Japonsk\u00fd obsahov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed filmy, animace, hudbu a literaturu, je celosv\u011btov\u011b vysoce hodnocen v mnoha oblastech. Pro spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed vstoupit na tento dynamick\u00fd trh a rozv\u00edjet sv\u00e9 podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, je hlubok\u00e9 porozum\u011bn\u00ed japonsk\u00e9mu autorsk\u00e9mu pr\u00e1vu nezbytn\u00e9. Zat\u00edmco z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va maj\u00ed mnoho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch spole\u010dn\u00fdch rys\u016f, japonsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo obsahuje specifick\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd dopad na v\u00fdsledky a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rizik podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i spole\u010dn\u00e9m tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edm \u00fasil\u00ed a ve velk\u00fdch projektech jako jsou filmy. Pokud tyto ustanoven\u00ed nejsou spr\u00e1vn\u011b pochopena, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k nejasnostem ve vztahu k pr\u00e1v\u016fm a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b k neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdm spor\u016fm nebo ztr\u00e1t\u011b obchodn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na dv\u011b zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9 a prakticky v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 t\u00e9mata japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. Prvn\u00edm je &#8220;spole\u010dn\u00e9 autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo&#8221;, kter\u00e9 vznik\u00e1, kdy\u017e v\u00edce tv\u016frc\u016f spole\u010dn\u011b vytvo\u0159\u00ed jedno d\u00edlo. Zde podrobn\u011b rozebereme p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 pravidla t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed pr\u00e1v, jejich dispozice a v\u00fdkonu, stejn\u011b jako v\u00fdjimky z t\u011bchto pravidel. Druh\u00fdm t\u00e9matem je identifikace &#8220;dr\u017eitele autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v&#8221;, zejm\u00e9na v r\u00e1mci speci\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho r\u00e1mce stanoven\u00e9ho pro filmov\u00e1 d\u00edla. Tato ustanoven\u00ed, kter\u00e1 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed ekonomickou realitu filmov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, poskytuj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ot\u00e1zku, kdo vlastn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, ne\u017e obecn\u00e9 principy. D\u00e1le vysv\u011btl\u00edme, jak dlouho jsou tato pr\u00e1va chr\u00e1n\u011bna, tedy dobu ochrany autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. C\u00edlem tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku je pomoci mana\u017eer\u016fm a pr\u00e1vn\u00edm z\u00e1stupc\u016fm spole\u010dnost\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch v japonsk\u00e9m kreativn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu \u010dinit informovan\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan\/#Japonska_spolecna_autorska_prava_Prirazeni_a_uplatnovani_prav_ve_spolecnem_tvurcim_procesu\" title=\"Japonsk\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e1 autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va: P\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed a uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v ve spole\u010dn\u00e9m tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edm procesu\">Japonsk\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e1 autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va: P\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed a uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v ve spole\u010dn\u00e9m tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edm procesu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan\/#Definice_%E2%80%9Espolecneho_dila%E2%80%9C_podle_japonskeho_autorskeho_prava\" title=\"Definice \u201espole\u010dn\u00e9ho d\u00edla\u201c podle japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Definice \u201espole\u010dn\u00e9ho d\u00edla\u201c podle japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan\/#Princip_souhlasu_vsech_ucastniku_pri_uplatnovani_prav\" title=\"Princip souhlasu v\u0161ech \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159i uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v\">Princip souhlasu v\u0161ech \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159i uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan\/#Zakaz_neopravneneho_odmitnuti_souhlasu_podle_japonskeho_autorskeho_prava\" title=\"Z\u00e1kaz neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho odm\u00edtnut\u00ed souhlasu podle japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Z\u00e1kaz neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho odm\u00edtnut\u00ed souhlasu podle japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan\/#Ochrana_pri_dispozici_s_podilem_a_boj_proti_poruseni_prav\" title=\"Ochrana p\u0159i dispozici s pod\u00edlem a boj proti poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v\">Ochrana p\u0159i dispozici s pod\u00edlem a boj proti poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan\/#Identifikace_drzitele_autorskych_prav_Specificky_pravni_ramec_pro_filmova_dila_podle_japonskeho_prava\" title=\"Identifikace dr\u017eitele autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v: Specifick\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro filmov\u00e1 d\u00edla podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Identifikace dr\u017eitele autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v: Specifick\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro filmov\u00e1 d\u00edla podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan\/#Specialni_ustanoveni_o_autorskych_pravech_k_filmum_podle_japonskeho_prava\" title=\"Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech k film\u016fm podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech k film\u016fm podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan\/#Kdo_je_%E2%80%9Cautorem%E2%80%9D_filmu_podle_japonskeho_autorskeho_prava\" title=\"Kdo je &#8220;autorem&#8221; filmu podle japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va\">Kdo je &#8220;autorem&#8221; filmu podle japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan\/#Umisteni_autorskych_osobnostnich_prav\" title=\"Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch osobnostn\u00edch pr\u00e1v\">Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch osobnostn\u00edch pr\u00e1v<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan\/#Vyjimky_v_autorskych_pravech_na_filmy_a_prakticke_aspekty_na_ktere_je_treba_dat_pozor_v_Japonsku\" title=\"V\u00fdjimky v autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech na filmy a praktick\u00e9 aspekty, na kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba d\u00e1t pozor v Japonsku\">V\u00fdjimky v autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech na filmy a praktick\u00e9 aspekty, na kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba d\u00e1t pozor v Japonsku<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan\/#Vyjimka_1_Dilo_vytvorene_v_ramci_zamestnani\" title=\"V\u00fdjimka 1: D\u00edlo vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed\">V\u00fdjimka 1: D\u00edlo vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan\/#Vyjimka_2_Filmy_urcene_pro_vysilani\" title=\"V\u00fdjimka 2: Filmy ur\u010den\u00e9 pro vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed\">V\u00fdjimka 2: Filmy ur\u010den\u00e9 pro vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan\/#Vyzvy_v_praxi_pohledem_soudnich_pripadu\" title=\"V\u00fdzvy v praxi pohledem soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f\">V\u00fdzvy v praxi pohledem soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan\/#Doba_ochrany_autorskych_prav_Casove_limity_trvani_prav\" title=\"Doba ochrany autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v: \u010casov\u00e9 limity trv\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v\">Doba ochrany autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v: \u010casov\u00e9 limity trv\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan\/#Zakladni_principy_ochranne_doby\" title=\"Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy ochrann\u00e9 doby\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy ochrann\u00e9 doby<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan\/#Vyjimky_ze_zakladniho_principu\" title=\"V\u00fdjimky ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edho principu\">V\u00fdjimky ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edho principu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/general-corporate\/joint-copyright-exercise-japan\/#Shrnuti\" title=\"Shrnut\u00ed\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Japonska_spolecna_autorska_prava_Prirazeni_a_uplatnovani_prav_ve_spolecnem_tvurcim_procesu\"><\/span>Japonsk\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e1 autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va: P\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed a uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v ve spole\u010dn\u00e9m tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edm procesu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nen\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9, \u017ee se na tvorb\u011b jednoho d\u00edla pod\u00edl\u00ed v\u00edce osob. V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech doch\u00e1z\u00ed k vzniku &#8220;spole\u010dn\u00fdch autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v&#8221;, kter\u00e1 jsou v Japonsku regulov\u00e1na speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi pravidly podle japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definice_%E2%80%9Espolecneho_dila%E2%80%9C_podle_japonskeho_autorskeho_prava\"><\/span>Definice \u201espole\u010dn\u00e9ho d\u00edla\u201c podle japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nejprve pochopit definici \u201espole\u010dn\u00e9ho d\u00edla\u201c, kter\u00e9 je typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem vzniku spole\u010dn\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. \u010cl\u00e1nek 2 odstavec 1 bod 12 japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona definuje spole\u010dn\u00e9 d\u00edlo jako \u201ed\u00edlo vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b dv\u011bma nebo v\u00edce osobami, u kter\u00e9ho nelze odd\u011blit p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky jednotliv\u00fdch osob a vyu\u017e\u00edt je samostatn\u011b\u201c. Tato definice zahrnuje dv\u011b podm\u00ednky. Za prv\u00e9, \u017ee dv\u011b nebo v\u00edce osob spole\u010dn\u011b pod\u00edlelo na tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edm procesu. Pouh\u00e9 poskytnut\u00ed n\u00e1padu nebo dohled, \u010di pomocn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, ne\u010din\u00ed z osoby spole\u010dn\u00e9ho autora. Za druh\u00e9, \u017ee tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky jednotliv\u00fdch osob nelze odd\u011blit. Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je situace, kdy n\u011bkolik lid\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b skl\u00e1d\u00e1 hudbu a text p\u00edsn\u011b a nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 jasn\u011b rozli\u0161it, kdo se pod\u00edlel na kter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti. Na druhou stranu, d\u00edla, u kter\u00fdch lze odd\u011blit p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky jednotliv\u00fdch autor\u016f, jako je text rom\u00e1nu a ilustrace, se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u201ekombinovan\u00e1 d\u00edla\u201c a odli\u0161uj\u00ed se od spole\u010dn\u00fdch d\u011bl. U kombinovan\u00fdch d\u011bl m\u016f\u017ee v z\u00e1sad\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd autor vykon\u00e1vat pr\u00e1va na svou tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st samostatn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Princip_souhlasu_vsech_ucastniku_pri_uplatnovani_prav\"><\/span>Princip souhlasu v\u0161ech \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159i uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va jsou sd\u00edlena, jako je to u spole\u010dn\u00fdch d\u011bl, je uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto pr\u00e1v pod\u0159\u00edzeno velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9mu principu. \u010cl\u00e1nek 65 odstavec 2 Japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona (\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u8457\u4f5c\u6a29\u6cd5) stanov\u00ed, \u017ee &#8220;spole\u010dn\u00e1 autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va nemohou b\u00fdt uplatn\u011bna bez souhlasu v\u0161ech spoluvlastn\u00edk\u016f&#8221;. Term\u00edn &#8220;uplatn\u011bn\u00ed&#8221; zde zahrnuje nejen ud\u011blen\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edm stran\u00e1m povolen\u00ed k vyu\u017eit\u00ed d\u00edla, ale tak\u00e9 situace, kdy jeden ze spoluvlastn\u00edk\u016f s\u00e1m vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 d\u00edlo. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jednotliv\u00fd spoluvlastn\u00edk nem\u016f\u017ee na z\u00e1klad\u011b vlastn\u00edho rozhodnut\u00ed publikovat d\u00edlo, um\u00edstit jej na webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky nebo poskytnout licenci jin\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, pokud to nen\u00ed v souladu s principem. Toto striktn\u00ed pravidlo m\u00e1 za c\u00edl chr\u00e1nit z\u00e1jmy v\u0161ech spoluvlastn\u00edk\u016f a zabr\u00e1nit situac\u00edm, kdy by jednostrann\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho spoluvlastn\u00edka mohlo zp\u016fsobit ostatn\u00edm spoluvlastn\u00edk\u016fm nev\u00fdhody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zakaz_neopravneneho_odmitnuti_souhlasu_podle_japonskeho_autorskeho_prava\"><\/span>Z\u00e1kaz neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho odm\u00edtnut\u00ed souhlasu podle japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Av\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 striktn\u00ed uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed principu souhlasu v\u0161ech m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k riziku &#8220;patov\u00e9 situace&#8221;, kdy d\u00edlo nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u016fbec vyu\u017eito, pokud je jeden ze spoluvlastn\u00edk\u016f nespolupracuj\u00edc\u00ed. Aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo takov\u00e9 situaci, japonsk\u00fd autorsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon stanovuje d\u016fle\u017eitou v\u00fdjimku. Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 65 odstavec 3 tohoto z\u00e1kona nesm\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd ze spoluvlastn\u00edk\u016f bez &#8220;opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu&#8221; br\u00e1nit vzniku souhlasu podle p\u0159edchoz\u00edho odstavce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co p\u0159esn\u011b znamen\u00e1 &#8220;opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd d\u016fvod&#8221; nen\u00ed v z\u00e1kon\u011b specifikov\u00e1no a rozhoduje se o tom na z\u00e1klad\u011b jednotliv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f soudem. V minul\u00fdch soudn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00edch bylo nap\u0159\u00edklad uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee spoluvlastn\u00edk m\u00e1 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd d\u016fvod odm\u00edtnout souhlas, pokud druh\u00fd spoluvlastn\u00edk jednal jednostrann\u011b a bez dostate\u010dn\u00e9 konzultace p\u0159i vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed o licenci (rozsudek Okresn\u00edho soudu v \u00d3sace ze dne 27. srpna 1992 ve v\u011bci &#8220;Tich\u00fd plamen&#8221;). Toto ustanoven\u00ed m\u00e1 zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby bylo vyu\u017eit\u00ed d\u00edla neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b br\u00e1n\u011bno na z\u00e1klad\u011b pouh\u00e9ho nesouhlasu bez racion\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u00e1kladu. Pokud jeden ze spoluvlastn\u00edk\u016f pokra\u010duje v odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed souhlasu bez opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu, mohou ostatn\u00ed spoluvlastn\u00edci podat \u017ealobu u soudu a po\u017e\u00e1dat o rozhodnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by nahradilo projev v\u016fle toho, kdo souhlas odm\u00edt\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ochrana_pri_dispozici_s_podilem_a_boj_proti_poruseni_prav\"><\/span>Ochrana p\u0159i dispozici s pod\u00edlem a boj proti poru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1v<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i p\u0159evodu spole\u010dn\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v na t\u0159et\u00ed osobu nebo p\u0159i z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u00e1stavn\u00edho pr\u00e1va je, stejn\u011b jako p\u0159i v\u00fdkonu pr\u00e1v, nutn\u00fd souhlas v\u0161ech spoluvlastn\u00edk\u016f podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 65 odstavec 1 Japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona (\u5e73\u6210\u5143\u5e74\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7b2c48\u53f7). I zde plat\u00ed, \u017ee odm\u00edtnout souhlas \u201ez opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f\u201c nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, pokud jde o pr\u00e1vn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed proti poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v t\u0159et\u00ed stranou, pravidla se li\u0161\u00ed. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010dl\u00e1nku 117 Japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona m\u016f\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd spoluvlastn\u00edk samostatn\u011b po\u017eadovat zastaven\u00ed poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v. S ohledem na nutnost rychle zastavit poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v se v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nevy\u017eaduje souhlas v\u0161ech. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, pokud jde o n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody, m\u016f\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd spoluvlastn\u00edk obvykle po\u017eadovat pouze \u010d\u00e1stku odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed jeho pod\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto japonsk\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se spole\u010dn\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v chr\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va ka\u017ed\u00e9ho spoluvlastn\u00edka z\u00e1sadou \u201esouhlasu v\u0161ech\u201c, zat\u00edmco z\u00e1rove\u0148 stanovuje v\u00fdjimku \u201ez opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f\u201c k zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed tomu, aby se autorsk\u00e1 d\u00edla stala nevyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi. P\u0159i spole\u010dn\u00e9m rozvoji projekt\u016f a podobn\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch je pro spole\u010dnosti nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 uzav\u0159\u00edt p\u0159edem podrobn\u00e9 smlouvy mezi spoluvlastn\u00edky o zp\u016fsobu vyu\u017eit\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch d\u011bl a procesu rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo budouc\u00edm spor\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Identifikace_drzitele_autorskych_prav_Specificky_pravni_ramec_pro_filmova_dila_podle_japonskeho_prava\"><\/span>Identifikace dr\u017eitele autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v: Specifick\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro filmov\u00e1 d\u00edla podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm principem autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va je, \u017ee &#8220;autor&#8221; d\u00edla, kter\u00fd jej vytvo\u0159il, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u016fvodn\u011b ekonomick\u00e1 pr\u00e1va zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako &#8220;autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va&#8221;. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, japonsk\u00fd autorsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon stanovuje v\u00fdznamnou v\u00fdjimku pro filmov\u00e1 d\u00edla, kde se tento princip neuplat\u0148uje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Specialni_ustanoveni_o_autorskych_pravech_k_filmum_podle_japonskeho_prava\"><\/span>Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech k film\u016fm podle japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cl\u00e1nek 29 odstavec 1 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech stanov\u00ed, \u017ee autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va k filmov\u00e9mu d\u00edlu n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed filmov\u00e9mu producentovi, pokud autor filmov\u00e9ho d\u00edla sl\u00edbil \u00fa\u010dast na jeho v\u00fdrob\u011b filmov\u00e9mu producentovi. Term\u00edn &#8220;filmov\u00fd producent&#8221; je podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 2 odstavec 1 bod 10 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech definov\u00e1n jako osoba, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 iniciativu a odpov\u011bdnost za v\u00fdrobu filmov\u00e9ho d\u00edla, co\u017e obvykle zahrnuje produk\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti nebo studia zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed financ\u00ed a celkov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed v\u00fdznam tohoto ustanoven\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 nejen v p\u0159evodu pr\u00e1v, ale v pravidle &#8220;p\u016fvodn\u00edho p\u0159ips\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na rozd\u00edl od situace, kdy by autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va z\u00edskal autor, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad re\u017eis\u00e9r, v okam\u017eiku tvorby a n\u00e1sledn\u011b by byla p\u0159evedena na filmov\u00e9ho producenta, z\u00e1kon stanov\u00ed, \u017ee autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo filmov\u00e9mu producentovi ji\u017e od okam\u017eiku jejich vzniku. Toto specifick\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed vych\u00e1z\u00ed z ekonomick\u00e9 reality, \u017ee v\u00fdroba film\u016f vy\u017eaduje zna\u010dn\u00e9 investice a zapojen\u00ed velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Centralizace pr\u00e1v u filmov\u00e9ho producenta usnad\u0148uje plynul\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edla, jako je distribuce nebo poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed licenc\u00ed, a chr\u00e1n\u00ed a podporuje investice do filmov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, co\u017e je legislativn\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011br tohoto ustanoven\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kdo_je_%E2%80%9Cautorem%E2%80%9D_filmu_podle_japonskeho_autorskeho_prava\"><\/span>Kdo je &#8220;autorem&#8221; filmu podle japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud tedy autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va k filmu n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed filmov\u00e9mu producentovi, kdo je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za &#8220;autora&#8221; tohoto filmu? \u010cl\u00e1nek 16 japonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech definuje autora filmu jako osobu, kter\u00e1 &#8220;se pod\u00edl\u00ed na tvorb\u011b, re\u017eii, produkci, kameramansk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci, v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed atd. a kreativn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k celkov\u00e9mu tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed filmov\u00e9ho d\u00edla&#8221;. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se obvykle jedn\u00e1 o filmov\u00e9 re\u017eis\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je zde zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee auto\u0159i p\u016fvodn\u00edch rom\u00e1n\u016f, ze kter\u00fdch byl film adaptov\u00e1n, scen\u00e1rist\u00e9, skladatel\u00e9 hudby a dal\u0161\u00ed, jsou sice autory sv\u00fdch rom\u00e1n\u016f, sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f a hudebn\u00edch skladeb, ale nejsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za autory &#8220;filmov\u00e9ho d\u00edla&#8221; jako celku. Tito tv\u016frci nep\u0159isp\u011bli k celkov\u00e9mu tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed filmu, ale pouze poskytli d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed d\u00edla, kter\u00e1 se stala sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed filmu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Umisteni_autorskych_osobnostnich_prav\"><\/span>Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch osobnostn\u00edch pr\u00e1v<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 29 Japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona (Copyright Act) jsou pr\u00e1va jako pr\u00e1vo na reprodukci a distribuci, tedy majetkov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako &#8220;autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va&#8221;, p\u0159i\u0159azena filmov\u00fdm producent\u016fm. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b, &#8220;autorsk\u00e1 osobnostn\u00ed pr\u00e1va&#8221;, kter\u00e1 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1na za v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va samotn\u00e9ho autora, nejsou p\u0159edm\u011btem t\u00e9to ustanoven\u00ed. Autorsk\u00e1 osobnostn\u00ed pr\u00e1va zahrnuj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo rozhodnout o zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00edla (pr\u00e1vo na zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed), pr\u00e1vo na uveden\u00ed jm\u00e9na autora (pr\u00e1vo na uveden\u00ed jm\u00e9na) a pr\u00e1vo na ochranu p\u0159ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmi zm\u011bnami obsahu nebo n\u00e1zvu d\u00edla (pr\u00e1vo na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed integrity). Tyto osobnostn\u00ed pr\u00e1va si autor, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad re\u017eis\u00e9r, uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed na filmov\u00e9ho producenta. Proto mus\u00ed filmov\u00fd producent p\u0159i \u00faprav\u00e1ch filmu zohlednit osobnostn\u00ed pr\u00e1va re\u017eis\u00e9ra a dal\u0161\u00edch autor\u016f, aby nedo\u0161lo k poru\u0161en\u00ed jejich pr\u00e1va na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed integrity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulka shrnuje vztahy mezi pr\u00e1vy autora a filmov\u00e9ho producenta v kontextu filmov\u00fdch d\u011bl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td>Charakteristika<\/td><td>Filmov\u00fd autor (nap\u0159. re\u017eis\u00e9r)<\/td><td>Filmov\u00fd producent (nap\u0159. produk\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnost)<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed postaven\u00ed<\/td><td>Autor<\/td><td>Nositel autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ekonomick\u00e1 pr\u00e1va (autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va)<\/td><td>Nevlastn\u00ed<\/td><td>Vlastn\u00ed v\u0161echna ekonomick\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, v\u010detn\u011b pr\u00e1va na reprodukci, distribuci a vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Osobnostn\u00ed pr\u00e1va (autorsk\u00e1 osobnostn\u00ed pr\u00e1va)<\/td><td>Vlastn\u00ed (pr\u00e1vo na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed integrity, pr\u00e1vo na uveden\u00ed jm\u00e9na atd.)<\/td><td>Nevlastn\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Z\u00e1klad postaven\u00ed<\/td><td>Kreativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k celkov\u00e9 form\u011b filmu (\u010dl\u00e1nek 16)<\/td><td>My\u0161lenka a odpov\u011bdnost za produkci (\u010dl\u00e1nek 29)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyjimky_v_autorskych_pravech_na_filmy_a_prakticke_aspekty_na_ktere_je_treba_dat_pozor_v_Japonsku\"><\/span>V\u00fdjimky v autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech na filmy a praktick\u00e9 aspekty, na kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba d\u00e1t pozor v Japonsku<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pravidlo p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v filmov\u00fdm producent\u016fm podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 29 odst. 1 japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona je siln\u00e9, ale existuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00fdjimky. Podnikatel\u00e9 mus\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b rozli\u0161it, kter\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed se vztahuj\u00ed na filmy, s nimi\u017e pracuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyjimka_1_Dilo_vytvorene_v_ramci_zamestnani\"><\/span>V\u00fdjimka 1: D\u00edlo vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem, kdy se ustanoven\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku 29 neuplat\u0148uje, je, kdy\u017e film spl\u0148uje po\u017eadavky na &#8220;d\u00edlo vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221;. \u010cl\u00e1nek 15 japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona stanov\u00ed, \u017ee pokud je d\u00edlo vytvo\u0159eno na z\u00e1klad\u011b iniciativy pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 osoby a v r\u00e1mci jej\u00ed \u010dinnosti zam\u011bstnancem, a je publikov\u00e1no jm\u00e9nem t\u00e9to pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 osoby, pova\u017euje se tato pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 osoba za autora d\u00edla, pokud nen\u00ed smlouvou stanoveno jinak. To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad situace, kdy filmov\u00e1 spole\u010dnost nech\u00e1 re\u017eis\u00e9ra, kter\u00fd je jej\u00edm zam\u011bstnancem, vytvo\u0159it film. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 osoba nest\u00e1v\u00e1 pouze &#8220;dr\u017eitelem autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v&#8221;, ale st\u00e1v\u00e1 se &#8220;autorem&#8221; d\u00edla. V d\u016fsledku toho ob\u011b pr\u00e1va, ekonomick\u00e1 autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va i osobnostn\u00ed pr\u00e1va autora, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bl norm\u00e1ln\u011b dr\u017eet re\u017eis\u00e9r, p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed na pr\u00e1vnickou osobu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyjimka_2_Filmy_urcene_pro_vysilani\"><\/span>V\u00fdjimka 2: Filmy ur\u010den\u00e9 pro vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Druhou v\u00fdjimkou jsou ustanoven\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se film\u016f vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch vys\u00edlac\u00edmi spole\u010dnostmi pro \u00fa\u010dely vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010cl\u00e1nek 29 odst. 2 japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona stanov\u00ed, \u017ee u film\u016f vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch v\u00fdhradn\u011b pro vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed na vys\u00edlac\u00ed spole\u010dnost pouze ur\u010dit\u00e1 autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o pr\u00e1vo film vys\u00edlat, pr\u00e1vo na kabelov\u00e9 vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed a pr\u00e1vo na reprodukci filmu pro \u00fa\u010dely vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed a distribuci t\u011bchto kopi\u00ed jin\u00fdm vys\u00edlac\u00edm spole\u010dnostem. Ostatn\u00ed pr\u00e1va, jako je pr\u00e1vo na prom\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed ve filmov\u00fdch kinech nebo pr\u00e1vo na prodej filmu na DVD, z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v z\u00e1sad\u011b u autora, nap\u0159\u00edklad re\u017eis\u00e9ra. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9 uzav\u0159\u00edt smlouvu, kter\u00e1 stanov\u00ed jin\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. Toto ustanoven\u00ed omezuje rozsah pr\u00e1v podle konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho \u00fa\u010delu pou\u017eit\u00ed, tedy vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed, a odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00fd obchodn\u00ed model ne\u017e u film\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch pro kina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyzvy_v_praxi_pohledem_soudnich_pripadu\"><\/span>V\u00fdzvy v praxi pohledem soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>I p\u0159es existenci t\u011bchto ustanoven\u00ed nen\u00ed ur\u010den\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch vztah\u016f, zejm\u00e9na u star\u0161\u00edch film\u016f, snadn\u00e9. Rozsudek Japonsk\u00e9ho nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu pro du\u0161evn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed ze dne 17. \u010dervna 2010 (\u010d\u00edslo p\u0159\u00edpadu: Heisei 21 (Ne) 10050) je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem, kter\u00fd ukazuje slo\u017eitost t\u00e9to problematiky. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byla sporn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v na film vyroben\u00fd pod star\u00fdm autorsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem. Soud uznal, \u017ee re\u017eis\u00e9r dan\u00e9ho filmu je jedn\u00edm z autor\u016f, ale rozhodl, \u017ee jeho pr\u00e1va byla implicitn\u011b p\u0159evedena na filmovou spole\u010dnost, a proto vyhov\u011bl \u017e\u00e1dosti filmov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti o z\u00e1kaz poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Sou\u010dasn\u011b v\u0161ak soud odm\u00edtl n\u00e1rok na n\u00e1hradu \u0161kody s t\u00edm, \u017ee v dob\u011b star\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona byly interpretace autor\u016f film\u016f v akademick\u00fdch kruz\u00edch rozd\u00edln\u00e9 a vztahy pr\u00e1v nejasn\u00e9, a proto zam\u00edtl obvin\u011bn\u00ed z nedbalosti proti \u017ealovan\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd v dobr\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e prod\u00e1val DVD. Tento rozsudek nazna\u010duje, \u017ee i kdy\u017e existuj\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v oblastech, kde interpretace z\u00e1kona nen\u00ed zcela ust\u00e1len\u00e1, n\u00e1zor na p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v rozd\u00edln\u00fd. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s historick\u00fdmi obsahov\u00fdmi aktivy je nutn\u00e9 pe\u010dliv\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bt due diligence pr\u00e1vn\u00edch vztah\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto japonsk\u00fd autorsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon stanovuje hierarchick\u00e1 pravidla pro p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v v z\u00e1vislosti na pozad\u00ed a \u00fa\u010delu vyu\u017eit\u00ed filmu. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 t\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e: filmy ur\u010den\u00e9 pro kina, d\u00edla vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed a filmy ur\u010den\u00e9 pro vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed, a pro ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich poskytuje optimalizovan\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec. Proto je p\u0159i vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed smluv o pr\u00e1vech na filmy nebo p\u0159i f\u00faz\u00edch a akvizic\u00edch prvn\u00edm krokem anal\u00fdzy ur\u010den\u00ed, do kter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto kategori\u00ed dan\u00e9 d\u00edlo spad\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Doba_ochrany_autorskych_prav_Casove_limity_trvani_prav\"><\/span>Doba ochrany autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v: \u010casov\u00e9 limity trv\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va nejsou pr\u00e1vem trvaj\u00edc\u00edm v\u011b\u010dn\u011b, ale jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bna po dobu stanovenou z\u00e1konem. Po uplynut\u00ed t\u00e9to doby se d\u00edlo st\u00e1v\u00e1 &#8220;ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm majetkem&#8221; a v z\u00e1sad\u011b ho m\u016f\u017ee kdokoli voln\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zakladni_principy_ochranne_doby\"><\/span>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy ochrann\u00e9 doby<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V Japonsku je obecn\u00fd princip ochrann\u00e9 doby autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v stanoven v \u010dl\u00e1nku 51 odstavec 2 japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona a trv\u00e1 &#8220;70 let po smrti autora&#8221;. Tato doba byla prodlou\u017eena ze 50 na 70 let z\u00e1konem, kter\u00fd nabyl \u00fa\u010dinnosti 30. prosince 2018 (2018). Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, pr\u00e1va na d\u00edla, jejich\u017e ochrann\u00e1 doba ji\u017e byla vy\u010derp\u00e1na v dob\u011b nabyt\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti tohoto nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, nejsou obnovena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyjimky_ze_zakladniho_principu\"><\/span>V\u00fdjimky ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edho principu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch v\u00fdjimek z tohoto principu &#8220;70 let po smrti&#8221;, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1vis\u00ed na typu d\u00edla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Spole\u010dn\u00e1 d\u00edla: V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b spole\u010dn\u00fdch d\u011bl s v\u00edce autory je ochrann\u00e1 doba po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na 70 let od smrti posledn\u00edho zem\u0159el\u00e9ho autora (\u010dl\u00e1nek 51 odstavec 2 japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anonymn\u00ed nebo pseudonymn\u00ed d\u00edla: U d\u011bl, jejich\u017e autor je nezn\u00e1m\u00fd nebo byla publikov\u00e1na pod pseudonymem, ochrann\u00e1 doba kon\u010d\u00ed 70 let po publikaci. Pokud se v\u0161ak p\u0159ed uplynut\u00edm t\u00e9to doby objev\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no autora, plat\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pravidlo 70 let po smrti autora (\u010dl\u00e1nek 52 japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00edla publikovan\u00e1 pod jm\u00e9nem organizace: D\u00edla publikovan\u00e1 pod jm\u00e9nem pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 osoby, jako jsou spole\u010dnosti (nap\u0159\u00edklad slu\u017eebn\u00ed d\u00edla), jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bna 70 let po publikaci (\u010dl\u00e1nek 53 japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Filmov\u00e1 d\u00edla: Ochrann\u00e1 doba pro filmov\u00e1 d\u00edla je stejn\u011b jako u d\u011bl publikovan\u00fdch pod jm\u00e9nem organizace stanovena na 70 let po publikaci (\u010dl\u00e1nek 54 japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i v\u00fdpo\u010dtu ochrann\u00e9 doby se vych\u00e1z\u00ed z \u010dl\u00e1nku 57 japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, podle kter\u00e9ho se za\u010d\u00e1tek ochrann\u00e9 doby po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 od 1. ledna roku n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho po roce, kdy autor zem\u0159el nebo kdy bylo d\u00edlo publikov\u00e1no. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, pokud autor zem\u0159e b\u011bhem roku 2020, ochrann\u00e1 doba za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u011b\u017eet od 1. ledna 2021 a kon\u010d\u00ed 31. prosince 2090.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulka shrnuje hlavn\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 doby stanoven\u00e9 v japonsk\u00e9m autorsk\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td>Typ d\u00edla<\/td><td>V\u00fdchoz\u00ed bod ochrann\u00e9 doby<\/td><td>Ochrann\u00e1 doba<\/td><td>P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Individu\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00edla (obecn\u00fd princip)<\/td><td>Smrt autora<\/td><td>70 let<\/td><td>\u010dl\u00e1nek 51<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Spole\u010dn\u00e1 d\u00edla<\/td><td>Smrt posledn\u00edho autora<\/td><td>70 let<\/td><td>\u010dl\u00e1nek 51<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Anonymn\u00ed nebo pseudonymn\u00ed d\u00edla<\/td><td>Publikace d\u00edla<\/td><td>70 let<\/td><td>\u010dl\u00e1nek 52<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D\u00edla publikovan\u00e1 pod jm\u00e9nem organizace<\/td><td>Publikace d\u00edla<\/td><td>70 let<\/td><td>\u010dl\u00e1nek 53<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Filmov\u00e1 d\u00edla<\/td><td>Publikace d\u00edla<\/td><td>70 let<\/td><td>\u010dl\u00e1nek 54<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Takto je v\u00fdchoz\u00edm bodem pro v\u00fdpo\u010det ochrann\u00e9 doby u individu\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u011bl &#8220;smrt autora&#8221;, zat\u00edmco u d\u011bl publikovan\u00fdch pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdmi osobami nebo u film\u016f, kde pr\u00e1vnick\u00e1 osoba \u010dasto vystupuje jako dr\u017eitel pr\u00e1v, je to &#8220;publikace&#8221;, co\u017e je objektivn\u00ed skute\u010dnost. Pr\u00e1vnick\u00e9 osoby nemaj\u00ed koncept smrti jako fyzick\u00e9 osoby, a proto je stanoven\u00edm v\u00fdchoz\u00edho bodu v dob\u011b publikace zaji\u0161t\u011bna jasnost a p\u0159edv\u00eddatelnost doby trv\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v. To lze pova\u017eovat za racion\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1vrh zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed stabilitu spr\u00e1vy a obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s autorsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy jako intelektu\u00e1ln\u00edm vlastnictv\u00edm. Proto je pro spole\u010dnosti p\u0159i spr\u00e1v\u011b portfolia intelektu\u00e1ln\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b analyzovat povahu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho aktiva a individu\u00e1ln\u011b ur\u010dit, kter\u00e9 pravidlo ochrann\u00e9 doby se na n\u011b vztahuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shrnuti\"><\/span>Shrnut\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak bylo vysv\u011btleno v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku, japonsk\u00e9 autorsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo m\u00e1, zejm\u00e9na v tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edch aktivit\u00e1ch s \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed v\u00edce subjekt\u016f, mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b charakteristick\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd princip &#8220;souhlasu v\u0161ech&#8221; vy\u017eadovan\u00fd pro uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v spole\u010dn\u00fdch autorsk\u00fdch d\u011bl a zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec, kter\u00fd p\u0159isuzuje autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va k film\u016fm v z\u00e1sad\u011b jejich producent\u016fm, jsou p\u0159\u00edkladem. Tyto ustanoven\u00ed jsou ur\u010dena k vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed dvou po\u017eadavk\u016f: ochrany pr\u00e1v tv\u016frc\u016f a rozvoje pr\u016fmyslu, ale jejich slo\u017eitost vy\u017eaduje opatrn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Porozum\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bmto pravidl\u016fm nen\u00ed jen o vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se pr\u00e1vn\u00edm rizik\u016fm, ale je to strategick\u00e1 nezbytnost pro maximalizaci obchodn\u00ed hodnoty na japonsk\u00e9m trhu s obsahem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Monolith m\u00e1 bohat\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s komplexn\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, jako jsou ty, kter\u00e9 byly projedn\u00e1ny v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku, a poskytuje slu\u017eby \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le klient\u016f, od dom\u00e1c\u00edch po zahrani\u010dn\u00ed. Mezi na\u0161e slu\u017eby pat\u0159\u00ed vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed smluv o spole\u010dn\u00e9 produkci, due diligence du\u0161evn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed p\u0159i f\u00faz\u00edch a akvizic\u00edch medi\u00e1ln\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spor\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se poru\u0161en\u00ed autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. V na\u0161\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159i p\u016fsob\u00ed n\u011bkolik mluv\u010d\u00edch s kvalifikac\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed hlubok\u00e9 znalosti japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va a porozum\u011bn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm obchodn\u00edm zvyklostem. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me tuto jedine\u010dnou s\u00edlu k poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed jasn\u00fdch a efektivn\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch podpor klient\u016fm. Pokud m\u00e1te dotazy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se japonsk\u00e9ho autorsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, nev\u00e1hejte se na n\u00e1s obr\u00e1tit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Japonsk\u00fd obsahov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed filmy, animace, hudbu a literaturu, je celosv\u011btov\u011b vysoce hodnocen v mnoha oblastech. Pro spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed vstoupit na tento dynamick\u00fd trh a rozv\u00edjet s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":66845,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,90],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66844"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66844"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66844\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66937,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66844\/revisions\/66937"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66845"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66844"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66844"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66844"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}