{"id":78278,"date":"2025-09-08T12:59:24","date_gmt":"2025-09-08T03:59:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/el\/?p=78278"},"modified":"2025-10-09T23:26:12","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T14:26:12","slug":"shareholder-return-dividends-japan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/el\/general-corporate\/shareholder-return-dividends-japan","title":{"rendered":"\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf: \u039d\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2 &#8220;\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1&#8221;, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 (Japanese Corporate Law) \u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u039f \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 (Japanese Corporate Law) \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 &#8220;\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd&#8221;, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (dividends) \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae. \u0397 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 &#8220;\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1&#8221;, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd (share buybacks). \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03bf \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 (Japanese Corporate Law) \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 &#8220;\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd&#8221;. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 &#8220;\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1&#8221; \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 &#8220;\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae&#8221; \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae, \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 &#8220;\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd&#8221; \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd &#8220;\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1&#8221; \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf (Japanese Corporate Law). \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 &#8220;\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd&#8221; \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/el\/general-corporate\/shareholder-return-dividends-japan\/#%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1\" title=\"\u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\">\u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/el\/general-corporate\/shareholder-return-dividends-japan\/#%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AE_%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B4%CF%8E%CE%BD\" title=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03a0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u039a\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03a0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u039a\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/el\/general-corporate\/shareholder-return-dividends-japan\/#%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%99%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%87%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%BC%CE%B5_%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1\" title=\"\u0391\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u0399\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\">\u0391\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u0399\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/el\/general-corporate\/shareholder-return-dividends-japan\/#%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82\" title=\"\u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03a0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\">\u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03a0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/el\/general-corporate\/shareholder-return-dividends-japan\/#%CE%9F_%CE%A3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BF_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1\" title=\"\u039f \u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf \u03a0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\">\u039f \u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf \u03a0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/el\/general-corporate\/shareholder-return-dividends-japan\/#%CE%97_%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1\" title=\"\u0397 \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\">\u0397 \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/el\/general-corporate\/shareholder-return-dividends-japan\/#%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BE%CF%8D_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B5%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%91%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%87%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1\" title=\"\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/el\/general-corporate\/shareholder-return-dividends-japan\/#%CE%9D%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B8%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CF%83%CE%B5_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%80%CF%84%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1\" title=\"\u039d\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\">\u039d\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/el\/general-corporate\/shareholder-return-dividends-japan\/#%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%88%CE%B7\" title=\"\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1\"><\/span>\u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 (Japanese Corporate Law) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AE_%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B4%CF%8E%CE%BD\"><\/span>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03a0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u039a\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u039f \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2, \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf 453, \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2). &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf 454, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 1, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b7, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"1\" start=\"1\">\n<li>\u03a4\u03bf 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&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 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\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd. \u0395\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 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\u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 (Japanese Corporate Law) \u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%CE%9F_%CE%A3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BF_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1\"><\/span>\u039f \u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf \u03a0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 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\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae, \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03ae \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u0397 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf 458 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u0395\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u0394\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (Japanese Corporate Law) \u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf 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id=\"%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BE%CF%8D_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B5%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%91%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%87%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1\"><\/span>\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf 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\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae (EPS), \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%CE%9D%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B8%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CF%83%CE%B5_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%80%CF%84%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1\"><\/span>\u039d\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 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