{"id":62371,"date":"2024-02-19T14:27:42","date_gmt":"2024-02-19T05:27:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/?p=62371"},"modified":"2024-03-03T23:12:59","modified_gmt":"2024-03-03T14:12:59","slug":"mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation","title":{"rendered":"Este afacerea de re\u021bea ilegal\u0103? Explic\u0103m problemele legale ale 'Comer\u021bului Multi-Level' \u0219i 'Schemei Piramidale'"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Cred c\u0103 a\u021bi auzit \u0219tiri despre persoane care au fost \u00eendemnate de cunoscu\u021bi cu promisiuni precum &#8220;po\u021bi c\u00e2\u0219tiga u\u0219or bani&#8221; sau &#8220;vei face cu siguran\u021b\u0103 profit&#8221;, au \u00eencheiat un contract \u0219i au pl\u0103tit pre\u021bul cu bani \u00eemprumuta\u021bi, dar \u00een realitate nu au f\u0103cut profit, r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd doar cu datoria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aceasta este o situa\u021bie \u00een care afacerile de re\u021bea sunt abuzate, dar este de asemenea adev\u0103rat c\u0103 exist\u0103 multe companii care respect\u0103 legea \u0219i opereaz\u0103 \u00een mod legal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen acest articol, vom explica \u00een mod clar defini\u021bia legal\u0103 a &#8220;afacerilor de re\u021bea&#8221;, interdic\u021biile, precum \u0219i sensul \u0219i diferen\u021bele cuvintelor similare &#8220;v\u00e2nz\u0103ri \u00een lan\u021b&#8221; \u0219i &#8220;scheme de lan\u021b infinit&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Ce_este_afacerea_in_retea\" title=\"Ce este afacerea \u00een re\u021bea?\">Ce este afacerea \u00een re\u021bea?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Ce_inseamna_vanzarile_in_lant_definitieconditii\" title=\"Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 v\u00e2nz\u0103rile \u00een lan\u021b (defini\u021bie\/condi\u021bii)\">Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 v\u00e2nz\u0103rile \u00een lan\u021b (defini\u021bie\/condi\u021bii)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Reglementari_privind_tranzactiile_de_vanzare_in_lant\" title=\"Reglement\u0103ri privind tranzac\u021biile de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b\">Reglement\u0103ri privind tranzac\u021biile de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Obligatia_de_a_dezvalui_numele_etc_Articolul_33-2\" title=\"Obliga\u021bia de a dezv\u0103lui numele etc. (Articolul 33-2)\">Obliga\u021bia de a dezv\u0103lui numele etc. (Articolul 33-2)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Obligatia_de_a_afisa_atunci_cand_faceti_publicitate_Articolul_35\" title=\"Obliga\u021bia de a afi\u0219a atunci c\u00e2nd face\u021bi publicitate (Articolul 35)\">Obliga\u021bia de a afi\u0219a atunci c\u00e2nd face\u021bi publicitate (Articolul 35)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Obligatia_de_a_furniza_documente_scrise_Articolul_37\" title=\"Obliga\u021bia de a furniza documente scrise (Articolul 37)\">Obliga\u021bia de a furniza documente scrise (Articolul 37)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Ce_este_schema_piramidala_definitie_si_cerinte\" title=\"Ce este schema piramidal\u0103 (defini\u021bie \u0219i cerin\u021be)\">Ce este schema piramidal\u0103 (defini\u021bie \u0219i cerin\u021be)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Diferenta_dintre_cele_doua\" title=\"Diferen\u021ba dintre cele dou\u0103\">Diferen\u021ba dintre cele dou\u0103<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Cand_devine_ilegala_tranzactia_de_vanzare_in_lant\" title=\"C\u00e2nd devine ilegal\u0103 tranzac\u021bia de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b?\">C\u00e2nd devine ilegal\u0103 tranzac\u021bia de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Actiuni_interzise_Articolul_34\" title=\"Ac\u021biuni interzise (Articolul 34)\">Ac\u021biuni interzise (Articolul 34)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Interzicerea_publicitatii_exagerate_Articolul_36\" title=\"Interzicerea publicit\u0103\u021bii exagerate (Articolul 36)\">Interzicerea publicit\u0103\u021bii exagerate (Articolul 36)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Interzicerea_furnizarii_de_publicitate_prin_e-mail_catre_persoane_care_nu_au_dat_consimtamantul_Articolul_36-3\" title=\"Interzicerea furniz\u0103rii de publicitate prin e-mail c\u0103tre persoane care nu au dat consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul (Articolul 36-3)\">Interzicerea furniz\u0103rii de publicitate prin e-mail c\u0103tre persoane care nu au dat consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul (Articolul 36-3)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Concluzie\" title=\"Concluzie\">Concluzie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/general-corporate\/mlm-pyramid-scheme-explanation\/#Prezentarea_masurilor_noastre_de_catre_firma_noastra\" title=\"Prezentarea m\u0103surilor noastre de c\u0103tre firma noastr\u0103\">Prezentarea m\u0103surilor noastre de c\u0103tre firma noastr\u0103<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ce_este_afacerea_in_retea\"><\/span>Ce este afacerea \u00een re\u021bea?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/netbusiness-chain-referral2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-44313\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Afacerea \u00een re\u021bea&#8221; este folosit\u0103 \u00een principal \u00een dou\u0103 sensuri diferite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Afaceri cunoscute sub numele de tranzac\u021bii de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B. Afaceri care utilizeaz\u0103 re\u021bele precum internetul<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te B, este bine cunoscut faptul c\u0103 diverse modele de afaceri, cum ar fi &#8220;magazinele online&#8221; precum Amazon, &#8220;licita\u021biile online&#8221; precum Yahoo Auctions, &#8220;serviciile cloud&#8221; pentru software \u0219i afacerile publicitare folosind bloguri \u0219i YouTube, sunt profund \u00eenr\u0103d\u0103cinate \u00een via\u021ba noastr\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tranzac\u021biile de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b, men\u021bionate la A, sunt tranzac\u021bii comerciale care extind organiza\u021bia de v\u00e2nz\u0103ri \u00een form\u0103 de piramid\u0103, recrut\u00e2nd indivizi ca v\u00e2nz\u0103tori \u0219i apoi l\u0103s\u00e2nd acei indivizi s\u0103 recruteze urm\u0103torii v\u00e2nz\u0103tori. Acestea sunt cunoscute \u0219i sub numele de &#8220;Marketing Multinivel (MLM)&#8221;, &#8220;Metoda Multi&#8221; sau &#8220;Afacerea \u00een re\u021bea&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen afacerile \u00een re\u021bea, se utilizeaz\u0103 re\u021beaua dintre oameni \u0219i, \u00een principiu, nu se bazeaz\u0103 pe publicitate sau magazine, ceea ce reduce semnificativ costurile de v\u00e2nzare. Profitul ob\u021binut poate fi distribuit pentru recompensele v\u00e2nz\u0103torilor sau pentru dezvoltarea de produse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De asemenea, o parte din v\u00e2nz\u0103rile realizate de v\u00e2nz\u0103torii pe care i-ai recrutat este distribuit\u0103 \u021bie, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t recompensa ta cre\u0219te pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce num\u0103rul de v\u00e2nz\u0103tori pe care i-ai recrutat, adic\u0103 v\u00e2nz\u0103torii care sunt sub tine, cre\u0219te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Companiile care se dezvolt\u0103 la nivel mondial \u00een afacerile \u00een re\u021bea includ Amway, Natura Cosmeticos, Herbalife, Avon Products, iar \u00een Japonia exist\u0103 Pola Cosmetics, Menard, Noevir \u0219i altele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ce_inseamna_vanzarile_in_lant_definitieconditii\"><\/span>Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 v\u00e2nz\u0103rile \u00een lan\u021b (defini\u021bie\/condi\u021bii)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Legea japonez\u0103 privind tranzac\u021biile comerciale specifice (Legea japonez\u0103 privind tranzac\u021biile comerciale specifice) define\u0219te afacerile de re\u021bea ca &#8220;tranzac\u021bii de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b&#8221; dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Este o afacere de v\u00e2nzare de bunuri (sau furnizare de servicii etc.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Implic\u0103 pe cineva care revinde, vinde \u00een consigna\u021bie sau faciliteaz\u0103 v\u00e2nzarea (sau furnizarea de servicii sau facilitarea acestora)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Atrage cu promisiunea unui anumit profit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Implic\u0103 o tranzac\u021bie cu o anumit\u0103 sarcin\u0103 (inclusiv modificarea condi\u021biilor de tranzac\u021bie)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>De asemenea, Agen\u021bia japonez\u0103 pentru Protec\u021bia Consumatorilor explic\u0103 exemple concrete de tranzac\u021bii de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b astfel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&#8220;Dac\u0103 te \u00eenscrii \u00een acest club, po\u021bi cump\u0103ra produse cu o reducere de 30% din pre\u021bul de v\u00e2nzare, deci vei c\u00e2\u0219tiga dac\u0103 \u00eei atragi pe al\u021bii \u0219i le vinzi&#8221; sau &#8220;Dac\u0103 \u00eei convingi pe al\u021bii s\u0103 se \u00eenscrie, vei primi o tax\u0103 de recomandare de 10.000 de yeni (un anumit profit)&#8221; \u0219i a\u0219a mai departe, atr\u0103g\u00e2nd oamenii \u0219i impun\u00e2nd o sarcin\u0103 de cel pu\u021bin 1 yen pentru a efectua tranzac\u021bia, aceasta ar fi considerat\u0103 o &#8220;tranzac\u021bie de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Realitatea este mult mai complex\u0103 \u0219i exist\u0103 multe cazuri care implic\u0103 diverse forme de contract, dar orice tranzac\u021bie care implic\u0103 o anumit\u0103 sarcin\u0103 financiar\u0103, indiferent de numele acesteia, cum ar fi taxa de \u00eenscriere, depozitul, produsele de prob\u0103, produsele etc., este considerat\u0103 o &#8220;tranzac\u021bie de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Sursa: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.no-trouble.caa.go.jp\/what\/multilevelmarketing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ghidul Agen\u021biei japoneze pentru Protec\u021bia Consumatorilor privind tranzac\u021biile comerciale specifice[ja]<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reglementari_privind_tranzactiile_de_vanzare_in_lant\"><\/span>Reglement\u0103ri privind tranzac\u021biile de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Legea japonez\u0103 privind tranzac\u021biile comerciale specifice impune urm\u0103toarele obliga\u021bii celor care efectueaz\u0103 tranzac\u021bii de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b, \u00een scopul protej\u0103rii siguran\u021bei consumatorilor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Obligatia_de_a_dezvalui_numele_etc_Articolul_33-2\"><\/span>Obliga\u021bia de a dezv\u0103lui numele etc. (Articolul 33-2)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2nd efectua\u021bi o tranzac\u021bie de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b, trebuie s\u0103 informa\u021bi consumatorul despre urm\u0103toarele aspecte \u00eenainte de a-l atrage:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Numele (denumirea) persoanei care controleaz\u0103 efectiv afacerea de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b (coordonatorul), sau a persoanei care atrage efectiv consumatorii (inclusiv coordonatorul)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Scopul de a atrage \u00eencheierea unui contract care implic\u0103 o anumit\u0103 sarcin\u0103, cum ar fi bani<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tipul de bunuri sau servicii asociate cu atragerea<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Obligatia_de_a_afisa_atunci_cand_faceti_publicitate_Articolul_35\"><\/span>Obliga\u021bia de a afi\u0219a atunci c\u00e2nd face\u021bi publicitate (Articolul 35)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2nd face\u021bi publicitate pentru o tranzac\u021bie de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b, trebuie s\u0103 afi\u0219a\u021bi urm\u0103toarele informa\u021bii:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Tipul de bunuri (sau servicii)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aspecte legate de sarcina consumatorului asociat\u0103 cu tranzac\u021bia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Metoda de calcul a recompensei ob\u021binute prin atragerea altor persoane, atunci c\u00e2nd face\u021bi publicitate pentru aceasta<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Numele (denumirea), adresa \u0219i num\u0103rul de telefon al coordonatorului etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Numele reprezentantului sau al persoanei responsabile cu afacerea de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b, \u00een cazul \u00een care coordonatorul etc. este o persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103 \u0219i face publicitate prin metode care implic\u0103 utilizarea unei organiza\u021bii de procesare a informa\u021biilor electronice<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Numele produsului<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adresa de e-mail a coordonatorului etc., atunci c\u00e2nd trimite\u021bi publicitate comercial\u0103 prin e-mail<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Obligatia_de_a_furniza_documente_scrise_Articolul_37\"><\/span>Obliga\u021bia de a furniza documente scrise (Articolul 37)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e2nd \u00eencheia\u021bi un contract pentru o tranzac\u021bie de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b, trebuie s\u0103 furniza\u021bi consumatorului urm\u0103toarele dou\u0103 tipuri de documente scrise:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u00cenainte de \u00eencheierea contractului: un document de rezumat (un document care descrie rezumatul afacerii de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b \u00een cauz\u0103)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dup\u0103 \u00eencheierea contractului: un document de contract (un document care clarific\u0103 con\u021binutul contractului)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>De asemenea, \u00een documentul de contract, trebuie s\u0103 scrie\u021bi despre &#8220;Cooling-off (rezilierea contractului)&#8221; \u00eentr-un cadru ro\u0219u, cu litere ro\u0219ii, \u0219i dimensiunea literelor trebuie s\u0103 fie de cel pu\u021bin 8 puncte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ce_este_schema_piramidala_definitie_si_cerinte\"><\/span>Ce este schema piramidal\u0103 (defini\u021bie \u0219i cerin\u021be)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/netbusiness-chain-referral3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-44314\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Un concept adesea confundat cu v\u00e2nz\u0103rile \u00een lan\u021b este &#8220;schema piramidal\u0103 (cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i sub numele de schema Ponzi)&#8221;, care este definit\u0103 \u00een &#8220;Legea japonez\u0103 privind prevenirea schemelor piramidale&#8221; astfel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Se presupune c\u0103 num\u0103rul de participan\u021bi care contribuie cu bani sau bunuri va cre\u0219te la infinit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Participan\u021bii care s-au al\u0103turat mai devreme sunt considera\u021bi de rang superior, iar cei care se al\u0103tur\u0103 ulterior, \u00eentr-un num\u0103r care cre\u0219te cel pu\u021bin dublu \u00een fiecare etap\u0103, sunt considera\u021bi de rang inferior<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Participan\u021bii de rang superior primesc din partea celor de rang inferior o sum\u0103 de bani sau bunuri care dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te valoarea sau cantitatea pe care ei \u00een\u0219i\u0219i au contribuit-o, \u00een cadrul unei &#8220;organiza\u021bii de distribu\u021bie a banilor sau bunurilor&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>De exemplu, o persoan\u0103 care s-a al\u0103turat schemei piramidale mai devreme aduce doi participan\u021bi de rang inferior, iar ace\u0219tia, la r\u00e2ndul lor, aduc fiecare al\u021bi doi participan\u021bi de rang inferior. Acest proces se repet\u0103, extinz\u00e2nd continuu num\u0103rul de participan\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0218i apoi, participan\u021bii de rang superior p\u0103r\u0103sesc organiza\u021bia dup\u0103 ce ob\u021bin o anumit\u0103 sum\u0103 de bani sau bunuri la un moment dat, iar participan\u021bii de rang inferior fac acela\u0219i lucru la un moment dat, p\u0103r\u0103sind organiza\u021bia pe r\u00e2nd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De\u0219i \u00een exemplul de mai sus nu pare s\u0103 fie nicio problem\u0103, schema piramidal\u0103 presupune o cre\u0219tere infinit\u0103 a num\u0103rului de participan\u021bi. \u00centr-un anumit moment, recrutarea de noi participan\u021bi de rang inferior va stagna, ceea ce va duce inevitabil la falimentul schemei. Din acest motiv, schema piramidal\u0103 este interzis\u0103 prin lege.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diferenta_dintre_cele_doua\"><\/span>Diferen\u021ba dintre cele dou\u0103<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Diferen\u021ba dintre v\u00e2nz\u0103rile \u00een lan\u021b (afaceri de re\u021bea) \u0219i schemele de piramid\u0103 (scheme de \u0219oareci) poate fi clar distins\u0103 din defini\u021biile lor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Afacerea de re\u021bea: o afacere care vinde bunuri (sau ofer\u0103 servicii etc.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Schema de \u0219oareci: o organiza\u021bie care distribuie bunuri materiale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Prin urmare, ob\u021binerea \u0219i distribuirea recompenselor prin activit\u0103\u021bi comerciale, cum ar fi v\u00e2nzarea de produse sau furnizarea de servicii, este cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de &#8220;v\u00e2nz\u0103ri \u00een lan\u021b&#8221;, \u00een timp ce ob\u021binerea \u0219i distribuirea recompenselor sub pretextul taxelor de membru etc. este cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de &#8220;scheme de piramid\u0103&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cand_devine_ilegala_tranzactia_de_vanzare_in_lant\"><\/span>C\u00e2nd devine ilegal\u0103 tranzac\u021bia de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tranzac\u021biile de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b devin ilegale atunci c\u00e2nd se \u00eencalc\u0103 obliga\u021biile de divulgare a numelui \u0219i a altor detalii, obliga\u021biile de afi\u0219are atunci c\u00e2nd se face publicitate \u0219i obliga\u021biile de a furniza documente scrise, men\u021bionate anterior \u00een &#8220;Reglement\u0103rile privind tranzac\u021biile de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b&#8221;, precum \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd se efectueaz\u0103 urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni interzise de Legea Japonez\u0103 a Tranzac\u021biilor Comerciale Specifice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Actiuni_interzise_Articolul_34\"><\/span>Ac\u021biuni interzise (Articolul 34)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Atunci c\u00e2nd se efectueaz\u0103 o tranzac\u021bie de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b, urm\u0103toarele ac\u021biuni sunt interzise atunci c\u00e2nd se face o solicitare:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li>\u00cen timpul solicit\u0103rii sau dup\u0103 \u00eencheierea contractului, pentru a \u00eempiedica anularea acestuia, nu se dezv\u0103luie adev\u0103rul despre calitatea \u0219i performan\u021ba produsului, beneficiile specifice, sarcinile specifice, condi\u021biile de reziliere a contractului \u0219i alte aspecte importante, sau se dezv\u0103luie ceva care nu este adev\u0103rat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00cen timpul solicit\u0103rii sau dup\u0103 \u00eencheierea contractului, pentru a \u00eempiedica anularea acestuia, se intimideaz\u0103 \u0219i se deruteaz\u0103 partea advers\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Solicitarea \u00eencheierii unui contract pentru o tranzac\u021bie care implic\u0103 o sarcin\u0103 specific\u0103 \u00eentr-un loc care nu este accesibil publicului, fa\u021b\u0103 de consumatorii atra\u0219i prin metode de atragere \u00een care nu se dezv\u0103luie scopul solicit\u0103rii (metode similare cu v\u00e2nz\u0103rile de tip &#8220;catch&#8221; sau &#8220;appointment&#8221;).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Interzicerea_publicitatii_exagerate_Articolul_36\"><\/span>Interzicerea publicit\u0103\u021bii exagerate (Articolul 36)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Atunci c\u00e2nd se face publicitate pentru o tranzac\u021bie de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b, este interzis s\u0103 se fac\u0103 &#8220;afi\u0219\u0103ri care difer\u0103 semnificativ de fapte&#8221; sau &#8220;afi\u0219\u0103ri care induc \u00een eroare oamenii s\u0103 cread\u0103 c\u0103 sunt semnificativ mai bune sau mai avantajoase dec\u00e2t cele reale&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Interzicerea_furnizarii_de_publicitate_prin_e-mail_catre_persoane_care_nu_au_dat_consimtamantul_Articolul_36-3\"><\/span>Interzicerea furniz\u0103rii de publicitate prin e-mail c\u0103tre persoane care nu au dat consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul (Articolul 36-3)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>De\u0219i Legea Japonez\u0103 a Tranzac\u021biilor Comerciale Specifice interzice trimiterea de publicitate prin e-mail pentru tranzac\u021bii de v\u00e2nzare \u00een lan\u021b c\u0103tre consumatori care nu au consim\u021bit la trimiterea de e-mailuri, urm\u0103toarele cazuri nu sunt supuse reglement\u0103rii:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Publicitatea asociat\u0103 cu &#8220;\u00eencheierea contractului&#8221;, &#8220;confirmarea comenzii&#8221;, &#8220;notificarea de expediere&#8221;, etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Publicitatea asociat\u0103 cu buletinele informative prin e-mail<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Publicitatea asociat\u0103 cu e-mailurile gratuite<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 afla\u021bi mai multe despre prevederile Legii Japoneze a Tranzac\u021biilor Comerciale Specifice referitoare la magazinele online, v\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 consulta\u021bi articolul de mai jos \u00eempreun\u0103 cu acest articol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/onlineshop-act-on-specified-commercial-transactions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/onlineshop-act-on-specified-commercial-transactions[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concluzie\"><\/span>Concluzie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/netbusiness-chain-referral4.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-44315\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Afacerea \u00een re\u021bea \u00een sine este o afacere legal\u0103, diferit\u0103 de schemele piramidale, dar prejudiciile cauzate consumatorilor de c\u0103tre operatorii cu inten\u021bii rele nu se opresc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prin urmare, sunt recunoscute cererile de oprire \u00eempotriva operatorilor care comit acte ilegale sau care ar putea s\u0103 le comit\u0103, iar \u00eempotriva celor care \u00eencalc\u0103 legea exist\u0103 m\u0103suri administrative precum ordine de \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bire a activit\u0103\u021bii, ordine de oprire a activit\u0103\u021bii, ordine de interzicere a activit\u0103\u021bii, precum \u0219i sanc\u021biuni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atunci c\u00e2nd desf\u0103\u0219ura\u021bi o afacere de v\u00e2nz\u0103ri \u00een lan\u021b, este important s\u0103 nu \u00eenc\u0103lca\u021bi reglement\u0103rile \u0219i interdic\u021biile stabilite prin lege, a\u0219a c\u0103 v\u0103 recomand\u0103m s\u0103 consulta\u021bi un avocat cu cuno\u0219tin\u021be \u0219i experien\u021b\u0103 specializat\u0103 \u00eenainte de a lua o decizie pe cont propriu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prezentarea_masurilor_noastre_de_catre_firma_noastra\"><\/span>Prezentarea m\u0103surilor noastre de c\u0103tre firma noastr\u0103<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cabinetul nostru de avocatur\u0103 Monolis este specializat \u00een IT, \u00een special \u00een aspectele legale ale internetului. Problemele legate de afacerile \u00een re\u021bea au devenit o problem\u0103 major\u0103, iar necesitatea verific\u0103rilor legale este \u00een cre\u0219tere. Cabinetul nostru analizeaz\u0103 riscurile legale asociate cu afacerile pe care le-a\u021bi \u00eenceput sau pe care inten\u021biona\u021bi s\u0103 le \u00eencepe\u021bi, lu\u00e2nd \u00een considerare diverse reglement\u0103ri legale. Ne str\u0103duim s\u0103 legaliz\u0103m afacerile c\u00e2t mai mult posibil, f\u0103r\u0103 a le opri. Detalii sunt prezentate \u00een articolul de mai jos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/practices\/corporate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/monolith.law\/practices\/corporate[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cred c\u0103 a\u021bi auzit \u0219tiri despre persoane care au fost \u00eendemnate de cunoscu\u021bi cu promisiuni precum &#8220;po\u021bi c\u00e2\u0219tiga u\u0219or bani&#8221; sau &#8220;vei face cu siguran\u021b\u0103 profit&#8221;, au \u00eencheiat un con [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":65291,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[25,24],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62371"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62371"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":65292,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62371\/revisions\/65292"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}