{"id":62401,"date":"2024-02-19T14:27:43","date_gmt":"2024-02-19T05:27:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/?p=62401"},"modified":"2024-03-05T14:04:47","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T05:04:47","slug":"dao-regulation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/dao-regulation","title":{"rendered":"Ce sunt DAO (Organiza\u021biile Autonome Descentralizate) \u00een Japonia \u0219i problemele lor juridice"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>DAO (Organiza\u021bii Autonome Descentralizate) atrage aten\u021bia recent ca o nou\u0103 form\u0103 de organizare \u00een era Web3.0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen acest articol, vom explica ce este un DAO, care sunt diferen\u021bele fa\u021b\u0103 de organiza\u021biile centralizate tradi\u021bionale \u0219i problemele juridice care pot ap\u0103rea \u00een Japonia atunci c\u00e2nd se formeaz\u0103 un DAO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/dao-regulation\/#Ce_este_DAO_care_atrage_atentia_in_era_Web30\" title=\"Ce este DAO, care atrage aten\u021bia \u00een era Web3.0\">Ce este DAO, care atrage aten\u021bia \u00een era Web3.0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/dao-regulation\/#Exemple_de_DAO_in_Japonia_si_in_strainatate\" title=\"Exemple de DAO \u00een Japonia \u0219i \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate\">Exemple de DAO \u00een Japonia \u0219i \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/dao-regulation\/#Despre_Legea_DAO_in_statul_Wyoming_SUA\" title=\"Despre Legea DAO \u00een statul Wyoming, SUA\">Despre Legea DAO \u00een statul Wyoming, SUA<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/dao-regulation\/#Problemele_legale_ale_DAO_in_Japonia\" title=\"Problemele legale ale DAO \u00een Japonia\">Problemele legale ale DAO \u00een Japonia<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/dao-regulation\/#In_cazul_DAO_cu_dividende\" title=\"\u00cen cazul DAO cu dividende\">\u00cen cazul DAO cu dividende<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/dao-regulation\/#In_cazul_DAO_fara_dividende\" title=\"\u00cen cazul DAO f\u0103r\u0103 dividende\">\u00cen cazul DAO f\u0103r\u0103 dividende<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/dao-regulation\/#Concluzie_Daca_doriti_sa_formati_sau_sa_utilizati_un_DAO_va_rugam_sa_consultati_mai_intai_un_avocat\" title=\"Concluzie: Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 forma\u021bi sau s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi un DAO, v\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 consulta\u021bi mai \u00eent\u00e2i un avocat\">Concluzie: Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 forma\u021bi sau s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi un DAO, v\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 consulta\u021bi mai \u00eent\u00e2i un avocat<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/dao-regulation\/#Orientari_privind_masurile_luate_de_biroul_nostru\" title=\"Orient\u0103ri privind m\u0103surile luate de biroul nostru\">Orient\u0103ri privind m\u0103surile luate de biroul nostru<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ce_este_DAO_care_atrage_atentia_in_era_Web30\"><\/span>Ce este DAO, care atrage aten\u021bia \u00een era Web3.0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>DAO este acronimul pentru &#8220;Decentralized Autonomous Organization&#8221;, care \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 se traduce prin &#8220;Organiza\u021bie Autonom\u0103 Descentralizat\u0103&#8221;. Pentru a explica mai pe \u00een\u021belesul tuturor, este un termen care se refer\u0103 la o organiza\u021bie care poate promova afaceri sau proiecte f\u0103r\u0103 a avea un proprietar sau administrator specific. DAO este o form\u0103 de organizare care atrage aten\u021bia \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu Web3.0, care este un nou tip de internet, cunoscut \u0219i sub numele de &#8220;Internet Descentralizat&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen internetul de p\u00e2n\u0103 acum, companiile cu platforme uria\u0219e (cum ar fi Amazon sau Google) au monopolizat profiturile, dar se spune c\u0103 \u00een Web3.0, indivizii descentraliza\u021bi pot interac\u021biona unul cu cel\u0103lalt. DAO este una dintre formele de organizare care realizeaz\u0103 acest Web3.0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dac\u0103 rezum\u0103m diferen\u021bele dintre DAO \u0219i companiile tradi\u021bionale \u00eentr-un grafic, avem urm\u0103toarele diferen\u021be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DAO are caracteristici generale precum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Lipsa unui administrator central<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Fiecare participant opereaz\u0103 autonom<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Deciziile sunt luate pe o blockchain deschis\u0103, ceea ce asigur\u0103 un nivel ridicat de echitate \u0219i transparen\u021b\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>De\u0219i acestea sunt caracteristicile generale, fiecare DAO are propriile sale particularit\u0103\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exemple_de_DAO_in_Japonia_si_in_strainatate\"><\/span>Exemple de DAO \u00een Japonia \u0219i \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Un exemplu concret de DAO este Bitcoin, una dintre criptomonede. Bitcoin func\u021bioneaz\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 un lider specific, re\u021beaua blockchain fiind men\u021binut\u0103 \u0219i gestionat\u0103 prin activitatea de minare a minerilor din \u00eentreaga lume.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De\u021bin\u0103torii de Bitcoin particip\u0103 la operarea DAO-ului Bitcoin ca membri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De asemenea, \u00een Japonia au ap\u0103rut diverse DAO-uri, cum ar fi &#8220;Ninja DAO&#8221;, &#8220;Wagumi DAO&#8221; \u0219i &#8220;SUPER SAPIENS&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ninja-dao.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ninja DAO[ja]<\/a> este cel mai mare DAO din Japonia, fondat \u00een septembrie 2021 (Gregorian calendar year) de c\u0103tre domnul Ike Haya. Este comunitatea oficial\u0103 a proiectului NFT &#8220;CryptoNinja&#8221;, la care particip\u0103 membrii care doresc s\u0103 creeze opere secundare pentru &#8220;CryptoNinja&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wagumi.xyz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wagumi DAO[ja]<\/a> a fost fondat \u00een noiembrie 2021 (Gregorian calendar year) de c\u0103tre domnul Shun Kakiki, cu scopul de a cre\u0219te num\u0103rul de utilizatori Web3.0 \u00een Japonia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/supersapienss.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SUPER SAPIENS[ja]<\/a> este primul DAO de divertisment din Japonia, fondat de regizorul Yukihiko Tsutsumi. Membrii pot participa la crearea de opere prin achizi\u021bionarea de token-uri \u0219i votarea cu aceste token-uri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Se prevede c\u0103 \u00een viitor, crearea de DAO-uri va deveni din ce \u00een ce mai frecvent\u0103 \u00een Japonia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Despre_Legea_DAO_in_statul_Wyoming_SUA\"><\/span>Despre Legea DAO \u00een statul Wyoming, SUA<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/shutterstock_1879670125.jpg\" alt=\"Despre Legea DAO \u00een statul Wyoming, SUA\" class=\"wp-image-54036\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen statul Wyoming din SUA, Legea DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization) a fost implementat\u0103 \u00een iulie 2021. Conform acestei legi, dac\u0103 se \u00eendeplinesc cerin\u021bele pentru a fi o companie de tip LLC (Limited Liability Company), atunci o DAO poate fi \u00eenregistrat\u0103 ca LLC. &#8220;American CryptoFed DAO&#8221; a devenit prima DAO \u00eenregistrat\u0103 \u00een statul Wyoming, ob\u021bin\u00e2nd astfel personalitate juridic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen 2022, Legea DAO a fost adoptat\u0103 \u0219i \u00een statul Tennessee, permi\u021b\u00e2nd astfel DAO-urilor care \u00eendeplinesc cerin\u021bele legale s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 personalitate juridic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Problemele_legale_ale_DAO_in_Japonia\"><\/span>Problemele legale ale DAO \u00een Japonia<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen Japonia, legisla\u021bia privind DAO nu este \u00eenc\u0103 dezvoltat\u0103, iar entit\u0103\u021bile DAO nu sunt recunoscute ca persoane juridice, a\u0219a cum se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een statele Wyoming \u0219i Tennessee din SUA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Din cauza lipsei de personalitate juridic\u0103, apar diverse probleme, cum ar fi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Imposibilitatea de a solicita permise \u0219i autoriza\u021bii (adic\u0103 nu se pot desf\u0103\u0219ura activit\u0103\u021bi care necesit\u0103 permise)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Imposibilitatea de a deveni parte contractant\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Tratamentul fiscal neclar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen plus, \u00een cazul DAO, tokenurile \u0219i activele criptografice pot fi distribuite ca recompense, ceea ce ar putea atrage reglement\u0103ri precum Legea Japonez\u0103 a Tranzac\u021biilor cu Produse Financiare, \u00een func\u021bie de circumstan\u021be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pentru o \u00een\u021belegere mai detaliat\u0103 a rela\u021biei dintre activele criptografice \u0219i Legea Japonez\u0103 a Tranzac\u021biilor cu Produse Financiare, v\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 consulta\u021bi articolul de mai jos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Articolul relevant: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/cryptoassets-regulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ce este reglementarea activelor criptografice? Explicarea rela\u021biei cu Legea Japonez\u0103 a Tranzac\u021biilor cu Produse Financiare[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_cazul_DAO_cu_dividende\"><\/span>\u00cen cazul DAO cu dividende<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>De exemplu, dac\u0103 efectua\u021bi v\u00e2nzarea de tokenuri DAO (cu dividende) ale drepturilor de membru ale unei companii, este necesar\u0103 \u00eenregistrarea ca operator de tranzac\u021bii financiare de tipul I conform Legii Japoneze a Tranzac\u021biilor cu Produse Financiare. De asemenea, dac\u0103 efectua\u021bi o str\u00e2ngere de fonduri pentru tokenurile de drepturi de membru ale unei companii, este necesar\u0103 \u00eenregistrarea ca operator de tranzac\u021bii financiare de tipul II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Totu\u0219i, este important de re\u021binut c\u0103 distribuirea gratuit\u0103 a tokenurilor de drepturi de membru nu este permis\u0103 conform Legii Japoneze a Companiilor. \u00cen plus, \u00een func\u021bie de metoda de distribu\u021bie, pot fi aplicabile \u0219i alte reglement\u0103ri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_cazul_DAO_fara_dividende\"><\/span>\u00cen cazul DAO f\u0103r\u0103 dividende<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen cazul DAO f\u0103r\u0103 dividende, num\u0103rul de reglement\u0103ri aplicabile este mai mic comparativ cu DAO cu dividende.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De exemplu, dac\u0103 vinde\u021bi un &#8220;token de utilitate&#8221; care nu genereaz\u0103 dividende, este necesar\u0103 \u00eenregistrarea ca operator de schimb de active criptografice conform Legii Japoneze a Tranzac\u021biilor cu Produse Financiare. Un token de utilitate este un token folosit \u00een principal pentru a accesa un anumit serviciu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concluzie_Daca_doriti_sa_formati_sau_sa_utilizati_un_DAO_va_rugam_sa_consultati_mai_intai_un_avocat\"><\/span>Concluzie: Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 forma\u021bi sau s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi un DAO, v\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 consulta\u021bi mai \u00eent\u00e2i un avocat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>DAO este o nou\u0103 form\u0103 de organiza\u021bie \u0219i, \u00een Japonia, preg\u0103tirea legislativ\u0103 este \u00eenc\u0103 insuficient\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Atunci c\u00e2nd forma\u021bi sau utiliza\u021bi un DAO, este necesar s\u0103 avansezi cu aten\u021bie, lu\u00e2nd \u00een considerare reglement\u0103rile legii japoneze. Dac\u0103 inten\u021biona\u021bi s\u0103 gestiona\u021bi o organiza\u021bie folosind mecanismul DAO, v\u0103 recomand\u0103m s\u0103 consulta\u021bi un avocat \u00een prealabil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Orientari_privind_masurile_luate_de_biroul_nostru\"><\/span>Orient\u0103ri privind m\u0103surile luate de biroul nostru<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Biroul nostru de avocatur\u0103 Monolith este specializat \u00een IT, \u00een special \u00een aspectele legale ale internetului. Oferim suport complet pentru afacerile legate de cripto-active \u0219i blockchain. Detalii suplimentare sunt prezentate \u00een articolul de mai jos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Domeniile de activitate ale Biroului de Avocatur\u0103 Monolith: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/blockchain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cripto-active, NFT, Blockchain[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DAO (Organiza\u021bii Autonome Descentralizate) atrage aten\u021bia recent ca o nou\u0103 form\u0103 de organizare \u00een era Web3.0. \u00cen acest articol, vom explica ce este un DAO, care sunt diferen\u021bele fa\u021b\u0103 de organiza\u021biile  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":65398,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[20,19],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62401"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62401"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62401\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":65518,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62401\/revisions\/65518"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}