{"id":62656,"date":"2024-02-19T14:27:51","date_gmt":"2024-02-19T05:27:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/?p=62656"},"modified":"2025-12-11T19:50:26","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T10:50:26","slug":"comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency","title":{"rendered":"Ce sunt activele criptografice (monedele virtuale)? Explica\u021bii detaliate despre defini\u021bia legal\u0103 \u0219i diferen\u021bele fa\u021b\u0103 de moneda electronic\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u00cen ultimii ani, aten\u021bia asupra &#8220;cripto-activelor (monedelor virtuale)&#8221; a crescut, dar num\u0103rul de persoane care \u00een\u021beleg cu adev\u0103rat ce sunt &#8220;cripto-activele&#8221; este probabil mic. \u00cen tranzac\u021biile cu cripto-active, se folosesc termeni cu care nu suntem obi\u0219nui\u021bi, cum ar fi &#8220;token&#8221; \u0219i &#8220;blockchain&#8221;, ceea ce poate face dificil\u0103 \u00een\u021belegerea pentru unii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Acest articol explic\u0103 defini\u021bia legal\u0103 a cripto-activelor \u0219i punctele comune \u0219i diferen\u021bele cu moneda electronic\u0103, care a fost folosit\u0103 ca mijloc de plat\u0103 electronic\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 acum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_53 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Ce_sunt_activele_criptografice_monedele_virtuale\" title=\"Ce sunt activele criptografice (monedele virtuale)\">Ce sunt activele criptografice (monedele virtuale)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Definitia_legala_a_cripto-activelor_monede_virtuale\" title=\"Defini\u021bia legal\u0103 a cripto-activelor (monede virtuale)\">Defini\u021bia legal\u0103 a cripto-activelor (monede virtuale)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Ce_este_moneda_electronica\" title=\"Ce este moneda electronic\u0103\">Ce este moneda electronic\u0103<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Diferenta_dintre_activele_criptografice_si_banii_electronici\" title=\"Diferen\u021ba dintre activele criptografice \u0219i banii electronici\">Diferen\u021ba dintre activele criptografice \u0219i banii electronici<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#%E2%80%9CCripto-Active%E2%80%9D_si_%E2%80%9CMetode_de_Plata_Preplatite%E2%80%9D\" title=\"&#8220;Cripto-Active&#8221; \u0219i &#8220;Metode de Plat\u0103 Prepl\u0103tite&#8221;\">&#8220;Cripto-Active&#8221; \u0219i &#8220;Metode de Plat\u0103 Prepl\u0103tite&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#%E2%80%9CCripto-active%E2%80%9D_si_%E2%80%9CTranzactii_valutare%E2%80%9D\" title=\"&#8220;Cripto-active&#8221; \u0219i &#8220;Tranzac\u021bii valutare&#8221;\">&#8220;Cripto-active&#8221; \u0219i &#8220;Tranzac\u021bii valutare&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Diferenta_dintre_%E2%80%9Ccriptoactive%E2%80%9D_si_%E2%80%9Cmijloace_de_plata_electronica%E2%80%9D_Stablecoin\" title=\"Diferen\u021ba dintre &#8220;criptoactive&#8221; \u0219i &#8220;mijloace de plat\u0103 electronic\u0103&#8221; (Stablecoin)\">Diferen\u021ba dintre &#8220;criptoactive&#8221; \u0219i &#8220;mijloace de plat\u0103 electronic\u0103&#8221; (Stablecoin)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Organizarea_caracteristicilor_cripto-activelor_monede_virtuale\" title=\"Organizarea caracteristicilor cripto-activelor (monede virtuale)\">Organizarea caracteristicilor cripto-activelor (monede virtuale)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Nespecificitate\" title=\"Nespecificitate\">Nespecificitate<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Volatilitatea_valorii\" title=\"Volatilitatea valorii\">Volatilitatea valorii<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Concluzie_Pentru_intrebari_legale_despre_activele_cripto_monede_virtuale_consultati_un_avocat\" title=\"Concluzie: Pentru \u00eentreb\u0103ri legale despre activele cripto (monede virtuale), consulta\u021bi un avocat\">Concluzie: Pentru \u00eentreb\u0103ri legale despre activele cripto (monede virtuale), consulta\u021bi un avocat<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/it\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency\/#Orientari_privind_masurile_luate_de_biroul_nostru\" title=\"Orient\u0103ri privind m\u0103surile luate de biroul nostru\">Orient\u0103ri privind m\u0103surile luate de biroul nostru<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ce_sunt_activele_criptografice_monedele_virtuale\"><\/span>Ce sunt activele criptografice (monedele virtuale)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bitcoin, care poate fi considerat pionierul activelor criptografice (monedelor virtuale), a fost ini\u021bial dezvoltat ca un &#8220;sistem de moned\u0103 electronic\u0103 care permite pl\u0103\u021bi online directe \u00eentre utilizatori, f\u0103r\u0103 implicarea institu\u021biilor financiare&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">Referin\u021b\u0103: <a href=\"https:\/\/bitcoin.org\/bitcoin.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Articolul original al dezvoltatorului Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen esen\u021b\u0103, este un sistem conceput pentru a realiza tranzac\u021bii electronice mai sigure \u0219i mai ieftine, folosind un sistem de \u00eenregistrare numit blockchain, care este extrem de dificil de falsificat, f\u0103r\u0103 a implica un emitent centralizat, cum ar fi o banc\u0103, la fel ca monedele legale, cum ar fi yenul sau dolarul, cu inten\u021bia de a fi utilizat ca mijloc de plat\u0103 pentru bunuri \u0219i servicii de zi cu zi (denumit \u00een continuare &#8220;mijloc de plat\u0103&#8221;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen prezent, printre lucrurile numite \u00een general active criptografice (monede virtuale), apar zilnic noi elemente cu diverse func\u021bii, nu doar ca mijloc de plat\u0103, conduse de Ethereum (ETH). Cu toate acestea, ini\u021bial, activele criptografice (monedele virtuale) erau concepute \u00een principal pentru a fi utilizate ca mijloc de plat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen consecin\u021b\u0103, de\u0219i este dificil s\u0103 discut\u0103m \u00een mod global despre ceea ce este numit acum active criptografice (monede virtuale), unul dintre principalele lor caracteristici este &#8220;volatilitatea mare&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\u2666<em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Ce este volatilitatea<\/span><\/em><br><em>Volatilitatea<\/em> este un termen care indic\u0103 gradul de fluctua\u021bie a valorii \u0219i este folosit \u00een general pentru a evalua riscul unui produs financiar. Un produs financiar a c\u0103rui valoare fluctueaz\u0103 frecvent este considerat a avea &#8220;volatilitate mare&#8221;, iar produsele financiare cu volatilitate mare sunt, \u00een general, riscante, dar pot genera profituri mari \u00eentr-un timp scurt (riscuri \u0219i recompense mari).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gradul mare de volatilitate este un punct \u00een care activele criptografice difer\u0103 semnificativ de monedele legale, \u0219i poate c\u0103 a\u021bi auzit despre cazuri \u00een care valoarea activelor criptografice s-a pr\u0103bu\u0219it peste noapte. Prin urmare, pe de alt\u0103 parte, exist\u0103 \u0219i o realitate \u00een care activele criptografice (monedele virtuale) \u00een sine au devenit obiecte de investi\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cens\u0103, \u00een mod normal, ar fi dificil s\u0103 folosi\u021bi ceva cu o valoare at\u00e2t de instabil\u0103 ca mijloc de plat\u0103 de zi cu zi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aceasta este valabil\u0103 at\u00e2t pentru v\u00e2nz\u0103tori, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru cump\u0103r\u0103tori. De exemplu, ce s-ar \u00eent\u00e2mpla dac\u0103 10.000 de yeni pe care i-a\u021bi primit (pl\u0103tit) ca plat\u0103 pentru un produs ast\u0103zi ar valora doar 1.000 de yeni m\u00e2ine? Nici v\u00e2nz\u0103torul, nici cump\u0103r\u0103torul nu ar putea face tranzac\u021bii cu \u00eencredere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u0219adar, o volatilitate mare, peste un anumit nivel, mai degrab\u0103 subliniaz\u0103 caracteristicile ca obiect de investi\u021bie (produs financiar) dec\u00e2t ca mijloc de plat\u0103 (nu este c\u0103 monedele legale nu au deloc volatilitate, dar sunt afectate de ratele de schimb \u0219i devin obiecte de investi\u021bii \u00een acele limite, dar func\u021bia principal\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne ca mijloc de plat\u0103).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De fapt, nu este neobi\u0219nuit ca oamenii s\u0103 aib\u0103 impresia c\u0103 activele criptografice (monedele virtuale) sunt mai degrab\u0103 &#8220;obiecte de investi\u021bie (produse financiare)&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definitia_legala_a_cripto-activelor_monede_virtuale\"><\/span>Defini\u021bia legal\u0103 a cripto-activelor (monede virtuale)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Legal, mijloacele de plat\u0103 \u0219i obiectivele de investi\u021bii (produse financiare) sunt supuse unor legi diferite, a\u0219a cum se arat\u0103 mai jos, deci este o problem\u0103 important\u0103 dac\u0103 cripto-activele (monede virtuale) au \u00een principal una sau alta dintre aceste caracteristici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<li>Mijloace de plat\u0103 \u2192 Se aplic\u0103 Legea japonez\u0103 a pl\u0103\u021bilor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obiective de investi\u021bii (produse financiare) \u2192 Se aplic\u0103 Legea japonez\u0103 a tranzac\u021biilor cu produse financiare (denumit\u0103 \u00een continuare &#8220;Legea FIEA&#8221;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Concluzia este c\u0103 &#8220;cripto-activele&#8221; sunt definite \u00een Legea japonez\u0103 a pl\u0103\u021bilor. Adic\u0103, cel pu\u021bin din punct de vedere legal, se presupune c\u0103 cripto-activele au caracteristicile unui mijloc de plat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Acest lucru este evident \u0219i din textul articolului de lege. S\u0103 ne uit\u0103m efectiv la articolul de lege.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u00cen aceast\u0103 lege, &#8220;cripto-activ&#8221; se refer\u0103 la urm\u0103toarele. <sub>a<\/sub><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Cu toate acestea, nu include elementele care indic\u0103 drepturile de transfer electronic \u00eenregistrate prev\u0103zute la articolul 2, alineatul (3) al Legii privind tranzac\u021biile cu instrumente financiare (Legea nr. 25 din 1948)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. <sub>b<\/sub><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Valoarea propriet\u0103\u021bii care poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru a cump\u0103ra sau a \u00eenchiria bunuri, sau pentru a primi servicii, \u0219i care poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru a cump\u0103ra \u0219i a vinde cu o persoan\u0103 nespecificat\u0103<\/span>, \u0219i care poate fi transferat\u0103 utiliz\u00e2nd un sistem de procesare a informa\u021biilor electronice (limitat la cele \u00eenregistrate electronic pe un dispozitiv electronic sau altceva, cu excep\u021bia monedei na\u021bionale \u0219i a monedei str\u0103ine, precum \u0219i a activelor denominate \u00een moned\u0103. Acela\u0219i lucru se aplic\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103torul paragraf.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Valoarea propriet\u0103\u021bii care poate fi schimbat\u0103 reciproc cu o persoan\u0103 nespecificat\u0103 pentru elementul men\u021bionat \u00een paragraful anterior \u0219i care poate fi transferat\u0103 utiliz\u00e2nd un sistem de procesare a informa\u021biilor electronice<\/p>\n<cite>Articolul 2, paragraful 14 al Legii privind pl\u0103\u021bile (sublinierile a \u0219i b sunt f\u0103cute de autor)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Sublinierea &#8220;a&#8221; a &#8220;drepturilor de transfer electronic \u00eenregistrate&#8221; se refer\u0103 la instrumentele financiare care sunt considerate titluri de valoare sub Legea privind tranzac\u021biile cu instrumente financiare, \u0219i sunt excluse din defini\u021bia cripto-activelor. \u00cen alte cuvinte, elementele care sunt \u00een sine obiecte de investi\u021bii (instrumente financiare) sunt explicit excluse din defini\u021bia cripto-activelor, iar pe de alt\u0103 parte, sublinierea &#8220;b&#8221; clarific\u0103 faptul c\u0103 principala caracteristic\u0103 a cripto-activelor este plata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Articole corelate: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/sto-securitytoken\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Care este diferen\u021ba dintre STO \u0219i ICO? Explicarea conceptului de token de securitate \u0219i a semnifica\u021biei STO[ja]<\/a><br>Articole corelate: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/cryptoassets-regulation#%E3%83%93%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%82%B3%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E5%9E%8B%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ce este reglementarea cripto-activelor? Explicarea rela\u021biei dintre Legea privind pl\u0103\u021bile \u0219i Legea privind tranzac\u021biile cu instrumente financiare[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen concluzie, &#8220;cripto-activul&#8221; legal se refer\u0103 la oricare dintre urm\u0103toarele, cu excep\u021bia celor care indic\u0103 &#8220;drepturile de transfer electronic \u00eenregistrate&#8221; sub Legea privind tranzac\u021biile cu instrumente financiare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Cripto-activul 1<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Valoarea propriet\u0103\u021bii care \u00eendepline\u0219te toate cele trei caracteristici de mai jos<\/span><br>\u2780 Poate fi utilizat pentru a pl\u0103ti o persoan\u0103 nespecificat\u0103 \u0219i poate fi schimbat reciproc cu moneda legal\u0103 cu o persoan\u0103 nespecificat\u0103<br>\u2781 Poate fi \u00eenregistrat \u0219i transferat electronic<br>\u2782 Nu este moned\u0103 legal\u0103 sau un activ denominat \u00een moned\u0103 legal\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Cripto-activul 2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Valoarea propriet\u0103\u021bii care poate fi schimbat\u0103 reciproc cu cripto-activul 1 cu o persoan\u0103 nespecificat\u0103 \u0219i care \u00eendepline\u0219te caracteristicile \u2781 \u0219i \u2782 de mai sus<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-background has-small-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\u2666<em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">De la &#8220;moned\u0103 virtual\u0103&#8221; la &#8220;cripto-activ&#8221;<\/span><\/em><br>\u00cen trecut, termenul &#8220;moned\u0103 virtual\u0103 (virtual currency)&#8221; era folosit \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit pentru a descrie &#8220;activele de pe datele utilizate \u00een tranzac\u021biile electronice&#8221;. Cu toate acestea, existau \u00eengrijor\u0103ri c\u0103 acesta ar putea fi confundat cu moneda legal\u0103, cum ar fi yenul sau dolarul, deoarece este numit &#8220;moned\u0103&#8221;, \u00een ciuda faptului c\u0103 valoarea sa este instabil\u0103. Prin urmare, \u021bin\u00e2nd cont de faptul c\u0103 termenul &#8220;cripto-activ (crypto asset)&#8221; a devenit comun \u00een conferin\u021bele interna\u021bionale, s-a decis s\u0103 se schimbe termenul din &#8220;moned\u0103 virtual\u0103&#8221; \u00een &#8220;cripto-activ&#8221; \u00een legisla\u021bia japonez\u0103 \u00een primul an al erei Reiwa (2019).<br>De asemenea, \u00een Legea privind pl\u0103\u021bile modificat\u0103 \u00een primul an al erei Reiwa, &#8220;gestionarea cripto-activelor&#8221; (activitatea de custodie) a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 ca o activitate reglementat\u0103 pentru operatorii de schimb de cripto-active, extinz\u00e2nd \u00een mod semnificativ sfera de reglementare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-medium-font-size\">Articole corelate: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/cryptocurrency-custody\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ce este activitatea de custodie? Explicarea reglement\u0103rii asupra operatorilor de schimb de cripto-active[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ce_este_moneda_electronica\"><\/span>Ce este moneda electronic\u0103<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"735\" height=\"490\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/12\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-67530\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5;width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/12\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency-2.jpg 735w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/12\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/12\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency-2-250x167.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Moneda electronic\u0103&#8221; este un termen folosit \u00een general pentru a desemna mijloacele electronice de plat\u0103, cum ar fi cardurile de transport IC sau serviciile de plat\u0103 cu cod QR, dar nu este un concept legal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Serviciile numite \u00een general &#8220;moned\u0103 electronic\u0103&#8221; au diverse forme, dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103, iar reglement\u0103rile legale care se aplic\u0103 variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de mecanismul lor, deci este necesar\u0103 precau\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#eeeeee\">\n<li>Tipul prepl\u0103tit = &#8220;Mijloc de plat\u0103 prepl\u0103tit&#8221; (Legea japonez\u0103 a pl\u0103\u021bilor de fonduri)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tipul post-plat\u0103 = &#8220;Intermediere de credit global pentru cump\u0103r\u0103turi&#8221; (Legea japonez\u0103 a v\u00e2nz\u0103rilor \u00een rate)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tipul debit (plat\u0103 imediat\u0103) = &#8220;Depozit&#8221; sau &#8220;Tranzac\u021bie valutar\u0103&#8221; (Legea japonez\u0103 a b\u0103ncilor, Legea japonez\u0103 a pl\u0103\u021bilor de fonduri)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><br \/><!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diferenta_dintre_activele_criptografice_si_banii_electronici\"><\/span>Diferen\u021ba dintre activele criptografice \u0219i banii electronici<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Atunci c\u00e2nd ne g\u00e2ndim la diferen\u021ba dintre activele criptografice \u0219i banii electronici, este important s\u0103 fim con\u0219tien\u021bi de conceptul de &#8220;active criptografice&#8221; men\u021bionat anterior, diferen\u021bele dintre diferitele concepte reglementate de lege, \u00een special diferen\u021ba dintre &#8220;instrumentele de plat\u0103 prepl\u0103tite&#8221; \u0219i &#8220;tranzac\u021biile valutare&#8221;, care sunt de asemenea concepte sub Legea Japonez\u0103 a Pl\u0103\u021bilor de Bani.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, \u00een anul 4 Reiwa (2022), Legea Japonez\u0103 a Pl\u0103\u021bilor de Bani a fost modificat\u0103, stabilind c\u0103 stablecoin-urile vor fi reglementate ca &#8220;mijloace de plat\u0103 electronic\u0103&#8221;. Prin urmare, vom explica pe scurt \u0219i diferen\u021ba dintre &#8220;mijloacele de plat\u0103 electronic\u0103&#8221; (stablecoin-uri).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CCripto-Active%E2%80%9D_si_%E2%80%9CMetode_de_Plata_Preplatite%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8220;Cripto-Active&#8221; \u0219i &#8220;Metode de Plat\u0103 Prepl\u0103tite&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Exemple de bani electronici prepl\u0103ti\u021bi includ Suica \u0219i PASMO, cunoscu\u021bi ca sisteme de transport IC. Acestea sunt considerate &#8220;metode de plat\u0103 prepl\u0103tite&#8221; conform &#8220;Legii Japoneze privind Pl\u0103\u021bile de Fonduri&#8221; \u0219i este necesar\u0103 \u00eenregistrarea sau notificarea pentru a emite astfel de metode de plat\u0103 prepl\u0103tite.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"left\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Articolul corelat: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/prepaid-payment-method\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">C\u00e2nd punctele emise \u00een mod independent corespund metodelor de plat\u0103 prepl\u0103tite conform Legii Japoneze privind Pl\u0103\u021bile de Fonduri[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Compar\u00e2nd cerin\u021bele pentru cripto-active \u0219i metodele de plat\u0103 prepl\u0103tite, ob\u021binem urm\u0103torul tabel:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:table {\"hasFixedLayout\":true,\"className\":\"is-style-regular\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cerin\u021bele &#8220;Cripto-Active&#8221;<\/th>\n<th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cerin\u021bele &#8220;Metode de Plat\u0103 Prepl\u0103tite&#8221;<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2780Poate fi utilizat pentru plata pre\u021bului <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">c\u0103tre o persoan\u0103 nespecificat\u0103<\/span> \u0219i poate fi schimbat reciproc cu moneda legal\u0103 cu o persoan\u0103 nespecificat\u0103<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2460Poate fi utilizat pentru plata pre\u021bului <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">c\u0103tre emitent etc.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2781Poate fi \u00eenregistrat \u0219i transferat electronic<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2461Valoarea propriet\u0103\u021bii, cum ar fi suma sau cantitatea, este \u00eenregistrat\u0103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2462Nu este o moned\u0103 legal\u0103 sau un activ denominat \u00een moned\u0103<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2462Este emis \u00een schimbul unui pre\u021b corespunz\u0103tor sumei sau cantit\u0103\u021bii<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:table --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ambii pot fi utiliza\u021bi ca mijloace de plat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Pe de alt\u0103 parte, \u00een timp ce cripto-activele pot fi utilizate &#8220;pentru o persoan\u0103 nespecificat\u0103&#8221;, metodele de plat\u0103 prepl\u0103tite pot fi utilizate &#8220;pentru emitent etc.&#8221;, care este o persoan\u0103 specific\u0103. Adic\u0103, cele dou\u0103 sunt diferite \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te dac\u0103 partenerul care poate fi utilizat este limitat de emitent sau nu (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fsa.go.jp\/common\/law\/guide\/kaisya\/16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ghidul pentru afacerile de schimb de cripto-active[ja]<\/a> I-1-1\u2460\u2461).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, de\u0219i o cerin\u021b\u0103 pentru cripto-active este c\u0103 nu sunt active denominate \u00een moned\u0103, metodele de plat\u0103 prepl\u0103tite pot fi considerate active denominate \u00een moned\u0103, a\u0219a c\u0103 putem spune c\u0103 sunt diferite \u0219i \u00een acest sens.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><!-- wp:quote --><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;Moneda de valoare&#8221; este un concept care include nu numai valoarea propriet\u0103\u021bii care poate fi cump\u0103rat\u0103 \u0219i v\u00e2ndut\u0103 pentru rambursarea pre\u021bului c\u0103tre o persoan\u0103 nespecificat\u0103, dar \u0219i alte lucruri, cum ar fi monedele stabile \u0219i banii digitali care pot fi folosi\u021bi pentru pl\u0103\u021bi c\u0103tre persoane nespecificate. De asemenea, pot fi incluse \u0219i obliga\u021biunile de stat, obliga\u021biunile corporative \u0219i mijloacele de plat\u0103 prepl\u0103tite.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fsa.go.jp\/singi\/singi_kinyu\/tosin\/20220111\/houkoku.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Raportul Grupului de Lucru pentru Pl\u0103\u021bi de Capital al Agen\u021biei de Servicii Financiare \u0219i Consiliului Financiar Japonez (11 ianuarie 2022)[ja]<\/a> pagina 17, nota de subsol 61<\/cite><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><!-- \/wp:quote --><br \/><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CCripto-active%E2%80%9D_si_%E2%80%9CTranzactii_valutare%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>&#8220;Cripto-active&#8221; \u0219i &#8220;Tranzac\u021bii valutare&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Exemple de bani electronici de tip debit (plat\u0103 imediat\u0103) includ QUICPay\u2122 \u0219i iD, diferen\u021ba fa\u021b\u0103 de tipul prepl\u0103tit fiind c\u0103 nu este necesar\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rcarea prealabil\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Prin urmare, este un sistem prin care pute\u021bi transfera bani de la contul bancar etc. c\u0103tre cealalt\u0103 parte. Acest tip de sistem este reglementat ca &#8220;tranzac\u021bii valutare&#8221; conform Legii Japoneze a Tranzac\u021biilor Financiare, iar pentru a efectua tranzac\u021bii valutare ca o afacere, este necesar\u0103 \u00eenregistrarea ca &#8220;Operator de Transfer de Bani&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Tranzac\u021biile valutare&#8221; sunt definite \u00een jurispruden\u021b\u0103 astfel:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:quote --><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;A efectua tranzac\u021bii valutare&#8221; \u00eenseamn\u0103 a accepta \u0219i a executa o solicitare de a transfera fonduri folosind un sistem care permite transferul de fonduri \u00eentre loca\u021bii diferite f\u0103r\u0103 a transporta fizic bani.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><cite>Decizia final\u0103 din 12 martie 2001 (Heisei 13) Criminal Collection 55 Volume 2 Page 97<\/cite><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><!-- \/wp:quote --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Rela\u021bia cu cripto-activele este pu\u021bin greu de \u00een\u021beles, dar cripto-activele sunt, a\u0219a cum am men\u021bionat mai devreme, un sistem care permite utilizatorilor s\u0103 transfere direct bani pe blockchain. Prin urmare, dac\u0103 cripto-activele pot fi considerate &#8220;fonduri&#8221; \u00een sensul subliniat mai sus, sistemul care utilizeaz\u0103 cripto-activele \u00een sine ar corespunde &#8220;tranzac\u021biilor valutare&#8221;, iar \u00eenregistrarea ca operator de transfer de bani ar fi \u00eentotdeauna necesar\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd se efectueaz\u0103 o afacere de schimb de cripto-active.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen esen\u021b\u0103, problema este dac\u0103 cripto-activele corespund &#8220;fondurilor&#8221; sau nu.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen acest sens, &#8220;fondurile&#8221; sunt, \u00een general, considerate a fi bani \u0219i lucruri care pot fi u\u0219or convertite \u00een bani (ex. depozite, valut\u0103 str\u0103in\u0103). Desigur, cripto-activele pot fi schimbate cu bani, dar volatilitatea este mare \u0219i nu se poate spune c\u0103 pot fi u\u0219or convertite \u00een bani, deci se consider\u0103 c\u0103 nu corespund &#8220;fondurilor&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Totu\u0219i, \u00een <a title=\"Ghidul pentru afacerile de schimb de cripto-active\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fsa.go.jp\/common\/law\/guide\/kaisya\/16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ghidul pentru afacerile de schimb de cripto-active[ja]<\/a> I-1-2-2\u2463, se men\u021bioneaz\u0103 c\u0103:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:quote --><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 cei care efectueaz\u0103 schimbul de cripto-active primesc o solicitare de a transfera bani \u0219i accept\u0103 sau execut\u0103 aceast\u0103 solicitare, pot fi considera\u021bi ca efectu\u00e2nd tranzac\u021bii valutare \u0219i, prin urmare, pot fi necesare \u00eenregistrarea ca operator de transfer de bani conform articolului 37 al legii.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><!-- \/wp:quote --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Prin urmare, este necesar\u0103 precau\u021bie, deoarece exist\u0103 posibilitatea ca sistemele care permit rambursarea u\u0219oar\u0103 a banilor \u00een tranzac\u021biile cu cripto-active s\u0103 corespund\u0103 tranzac\u021biilor valutare.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diferenta_dintre_%E2%80%9Ccriptoactive%E2%80%9D_si_%E2%80%9Cmijloace_de_plata_electronica%E2%80%9D_Stablecoin\"><\/span>Diferen\u021ba dintre &#8220;criptoactive&#8221; \u0219i &#8220;mijloace de plat\u0103 electronic\u0103&#8221; (Stablecoin)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Stablecoin&#8221; nu este un termen legal, dar \u00een general se refer\u0103 la &#8220;active digitale (active \u00een format digital) care utilizeaz\u0103 tehnologii precum blockchain \u0219i care sunt legate de anumite active pentru a men\u021bine stabilitatea valorii&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\",\"fontSize\":\"small\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\">Referin\u021b\u0103: <a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fsa.go.jp\/singi\/singi_kinyu\/tosin\/20220111\/houkoku.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Raportul Grupului de Lucru pentru Pl\u0103\u021bi al Agen\u021biei de Servicii Financiare \u0219i Consiliului Financiar (11 ianuarie 2022)[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Caracteristica principal\u0103 a Stablecoin este valoarea sa stabil\u0103, adic\u0103 volatilitatea redus\u0103. Exist\u0103 diverse active (moned\u0103 legal\u0103, bunuri precum aur \u0219i petrol, produse financiare, criptoactive etc.) care sunt legate de aceasta, iar mecanismul \u0219i gradul de stabilizare a valorii variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de acestea.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>De asemenea, se credea c\u0103 reglement\u0103rile legale privind Stablecoin se aplic\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de tipul de active la care este legat.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:list {\"style\":{\"color\":{\"background\":\"#eeeeee\"}}} --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Tipul similar cu moneda digital\u0103<\/span>:<br \/>Emis la un pre\u021b legat de valoarea monedei legale (ex: 1 moned\u0103 = 1 yen) \u0219i r\u0103scump\u0103rat la pre\u021bul de emisiune<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><br \/><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\">\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Tipul criptoactiv<\/span>:<br \/>\u00cencearc\u0103 s\u0103 stabilizeze valoarea prin algoritmi pe blockchain<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Mijloacele de plat\u0103 electronic\u0103&#8221;, care au fost reglementate \u00een noua Lege a Pl\u0103\u021bilor din 2022 (anul 4 al erei Reiwa), se refer\u0103 la Stablecoin de tip similar cu moneda digital\u0103. Pentru a gestiona (cump\u0103ra, vinde, schimba, administra etc.) mijloacele de plat\u0103 electronic\u0103, este necesar\u0103 \u00eenregistrarea ca &#8220;Operator de tranzac\u021bii cu mijloace de plat\u0103 electronic\u0103 \u0219i altele&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Pe de alt\u0103 parte, Stablecoin de tip criptoactiv este, a\u0219a cum sugereaz\u0103 \u0219i numele, clasificat \u00een principal ca &#8220;criptoactiv&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Compar\u00e2nd cerin\u021bele legale pentru &#8220;mijloacele de plat\u0103 electronic\u0103&#8221; \u0219i &#8220;criptoactive&#8221;, avem urm\u0103toarea tabel\u0103:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:table {\"hasFixedLayout\":true,\"className\":\"is-style-regular\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cerin\u021bele pentru &#8220;Criptoactive&#8221;<\/th>\n<th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cerin\u021bele pentru &#8220;Mijloace de plat\u0103 electronic\u0103&#8221;<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2780Poate fi utilizat pentru plata pre\u021bului c\u0103tre o persoan\u0103 nespecificat\u0103 \u0219i poate fi schimbat reciproc cu moneda legal\u0103 cu o persoan\u0103 nespecificat\u0103<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2460Poate fi utilizat pentru plata pre\u021bului c\u0103tre o persoan\u0103 nespecificat\u0103 \u0219i poate fi cump\u0103rat\/v\u00e2ndut de o persoan\u0103 nespecificat\u0103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2781Poate fi \u00eenregistrat \u0219i transferat electronic<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2461Poate fi \u00eenregistrat \u0219i transferat electronic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2462<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Nu este moned\u0103 legal\u0103 sau activ denominat \u00een moned\u0103<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u2462<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Se limiteaz\u0103 la active denominate \u00een moned\u0103<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:table --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>A\u0219adar, diferen\u021ba dintre criptoactive \u0219i mijloacele de plat\u0103 electronic\u0103 este dac\u0103 sunt active denominate \u00een moned\u0103. Activele denominate \u00een moned\u0103 sunt definite legal dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><!-- wp:quote --><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen aceast\u0103 lege, prin &#8220;active denominate \u00een moned\u0103&#8221; se \u00een\u021belege activele exprimate \u00een moneda na\u021bional\u0103 japonez\u0103 sau \u00een moned\u0103 str\u0103in\u0103, sau activele pentru care se prevede c\u0103 \u00eendeplinirea obliga\u021biilor, rambursarea sau alte ac\u021biuni similare (denumite \u00een continuare \u00een acest articol &#8220;\u00eendeplinirea obliga\u021biilor etc.&#8221;) se vor realiza \u00een moneda na\u021bional\u0103 japonez\u0103 sau \u00een moned\u0103 str\u0103in\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><cite>Articolul 2, alineatul 6 al Legii Japoneze privind Pl\u0103\u021bile de Fonduri<\/cite><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><!-- \/wp:quote --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Prin urmare, se presupune c\u0103 are func\u021bii similare cu moneda legal\u0103 \u0219i are o valoare stabil\u0103. Faptul c\u0103 este un activ denominat \u00een moned\u0103 poate fi considerat un criteriu care reflect\u0103 bine natura stabilit\u0103\u021bii valorii a monedei stabile.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Pe de alt\u0103 parte, prin urmare, mijloacele de plat\u0103 electronic\u0103 corespund &#8220;fondurilor&#8221; men\u021bionate \u00een tranzac\u021biile valutare men\u021bionate mai sus, iar pentru emiterea mijloacelor de plat\u0103 electronice este necesar\u0103 \u00eenregistrarea ca &#8220;operator de transfer de fonduri&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Adic\u0103, revizuirea legii din anul 4 Reiwa (2022) a presupus c\u0103 reglement\u0103rile legale existente (tranzac\u021biile valutare) pot fi aplicabile emiten\u021bilor de monede stabile, dar s-a presupus \u0219i un model de afaceri \u00een care emitentul \u0219i intermediarul sunt separa\u021bi, \u0219i nu existau reglement\u0103ri care s\u0103 fie aplicabile doar intermediarilor, astfel c\u0103 s-au ad\u0103ugat noi reglement\u0103ri legale privind intermediarii (mijloacele de plat\u0103 electronic\u0103).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"left\"} --><\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Articolul corelat: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/corporate\/stablecoin-type\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ce este moneda stabil\u0103? Explicarea rela\u021biei cu mijloacele de plat\u0103 electronic\u0103 \u00een Legea revizuit\u0103 privind Pl\u0103\u021bile de Fonduri[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Organizarea_caracteristicilor_cripto-activelor_monede_virtuale\"><\/span>Organizarea caracteristicilor cripto-activelor (monede virtuale)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:image {\"id\":50190,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-67531\" src=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2024\/02\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency-3-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2024\/02\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency-3-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2024\/02\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency-3-250x167.jpg 250w, https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2024\/02\/comparision-electronicmoney-virtualcurrency-3.jpg 735w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere cele de mai sus, putem organiza dou\u0103 caracteristici deosebit de importante ale cripto-activelor (monede virtuale) dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:list {\"style\":{\"color\":{\"background\":\"#eeeeee\"}}} --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Nespecificitate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><br \/><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color: #eeeeee\">\n<li>Volatilitatea valorii<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nespecificitate\"><\/span>Nespecificitate<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Cripto-activele pot fi utilizate pentru tranzac\u021bii indiferent de emitent. Prin urmare, un avantaj este c\u0103 pot fi utilizate \u00eentr-o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de tranzac\u021bii f\u0103r\u0103 restric\u021bii. Cu toate acestea, deoarece nu au putere de curs for\u021bat (efectul legal recunoscut de a putea pl\u0103ti la valoarea nominal\u0103), este necesar s\u0103 se ajung\u0103 la un acord cu partenerul de tranzac\u021bie pentru a utiliza cripto-activele ca mijloc de plat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Volatilitatea_valorii\"><\/span>Volatilitatea valorii<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen cazul cripto-activelor, unde nu exist\u0103 un emitent centralizat, cum ar fi o banc\u0103, este neclar pe ce se bazeaz\u0103 valoarea lor intrinsec\u0103, ceea ce duce la o volatilitate mare. Prin urmare, cripto-activele au \u0219i un aspect speculativ, dar, a\u0219a cum s-a men\u021bionat anterior, cel pu\u021bin din punct de vedere legal, &#8220;cripto-activele&#8221; sunt purificate ca mijloc de plat\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concluzie_Pentru_intrebari_legale_despre_activele_cripto_monede_virtuale_consultati_un_avocat\"><\/span>Concluzie: Pentru \u00eentreb\u0103ri legale despre activele cripto (monede virtuale), consulta\u021bi un avocat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 cum s-a men\u021bionat mai sus, reglement\u0103rile legale aplicabile se schimb\u0103 semnificativ \u00eentre activele cripto ca instrumente de investi\u021bii (produse financiare) \u0219i activele cripto ca mijloace de plat\u0103. Prin urmare, este necesar s\u0103 judeca\u021bi cu aten\u021bie atunci c\u00e2nd lua\u021bi \u00een considerare o afacere.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen plus, reglement\u0103rile legale privind activele cripto sunt \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een curs de modificare \u0219i sunt un domeniu cu mult spa\u021biu pentru interpretare \u00een practic\u0103. Prin urmare, pentru orice \u00eentreb\u0103ri legale despre activele cripto, v\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 consulta\u021bi un avocat cu experien\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><br \/><!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Orientari_privind_masurile_luate_de_biroul_nostru\"><\/span>Orient\u0103ri privind m\u0103surile luate de biroul nostru<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Biroul nostru de avocatur\u0103 Monolith, cu o experien\u021b\u0103 bogat\u0103 \u00een IT, \u00een special \u00een domeniul internetului \u0219i al legii, ofer\u0103 suport complet pentru afacerile legate de activele criptografice \u0219i blockchain. V\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 consulta\u021bi pagina de mai jos pentru detalii.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Tratate de biroul nostru: <a href=\"https:\/\/monolith.law\/blockchain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Active criptografice \u0219i Blockchain[ja]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen ultimii ani, aten\u021bia asupra &#8220;cripto-activelor (monedelor virtuale)&#8221; a crescut, dar num\u0103rul de persoane care \u00een\u021beleg cu adev\u0103rat ce sunt &#8220;cripto-activele&#8221; este probabil mic.  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":67529,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[20,19],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62656"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62656"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62656\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67532,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62656\/revisions\/67532"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/67529"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monolith.law\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}